2021-2022学年高中英语牛津版选修八：Unit1 The written word 知识点学案 （Word版含答案）

Module 8 Unit 1 The written word
一、重点单词与短语：
1. appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
①appreciate sth. 欣赏/赞赏/感谢某物
②appreciate doing sth. 欣赏/赞赏/感谢干某事
③appreciate that… 欣赏/赞赏/感谢……
④appreciate it if… 如果……，则不胜感激。（类似有：like, dislike, hate, love, enjoy等）
I appreciate his generosity. 我赞赏他的慷慨大方。
He appreciated their confidence. 他感激他们的信任。
We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。
We appreciate your helping us. 我们感谢你们的帮助。
I appreciate that you have come here so. 感谢你来得这么早。
I’d appreciate it if you turn the TV down. 如果你关掉电视，我将不胜感激。
▲appreciation n. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会 [u]
▲appreciator n. 鉴别者，鉴赏者；赏识者
▲appreciative adj. 赞赏的；有欣赏力的；感激的
辨析：appreciate与thank的区别
1) appreciate其后只能接sth.作宾语。
2) thank其后只能接sb.作宾语。
I appreciate your kindness. 我谢谢你的好意。
I thank you for your kindness. 我谢谢你的好意。
典题赏析：
1) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions.
A. this B. that C. it D. you
2) We shall appreciate _______ the problem with you again.
A. to discuss B. to be discussing C. discussing D. having discussed
3) I really appreciate _______ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have time D. to having time
2. have nothing/something/much/little/a little to do with
与……没有/有些/有许多/几乎没有/有点关系
3. be lost to 不再属于……所有；对……无动于衷，未注意
My daughter was lost to me when she married. 我女儿在结婚之后就不再属于我了。
The opportunity was lost to them. 他们已失去了这个机会。
By his death, one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.
他的辞世令世界失去了一位最伟大的英国作家。
He was reading his book, completely lost to the world. 他在看书，对周围的一切都不注意。
典题赏析：
1) Older workers’ knowledge and experience can easily _______ the company when they retire.
A. be lose to B. be lost in C. be lose in D. be lost to
2) The girl was reading a book under the tree, completely _______ the world.
A. was lost to B. losing to C. lost to D. was losing to
4. desperate adj. 不顾一切的，拼命的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的
①be desperate for 极度想要……
②be desperate to do sth. 迫不及待地想要干某事
▲desperately adv. 不顾一切地；拼命地
▲desperation n. 绝望，拼命 [u]
典题赏析：
1) An ant was drinking by a small river when it fell in. It made _______ efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all.
A. negative B. total C. desperate D. careful
2) He has been out of work for a long time, so he is _______ to get a job.
A. special B. particular C. desperate D. stubborn
5. plot n. 情节；阴谋，密谋
vt. 密谋；绘制（图表）
①plot to do sth. 密谋干某事
典题赏析：
1) Some people argue that the death _______ does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.
A. penalty B. pattern C. plot D. practice
2) It抯 a good idea to write a(n) _______ before you make a speech.
A. plot B. outline C. summary D. topic
3) The popular cartoon Mulan is a (an) _______ of a Chinese poem for children.
A. imagination B. plot C. story D. adaptation
6. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
①be generous with sth. 对某物慷慨
②be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
③be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事
▲generously adv.
▲generosity n.
典题赏析：
1) One should be generous _______ his time in assisting others.
A. to B. with C. for D. at
2) My friend offered to pay my plane fare, which was very _______ of him.
A. mean B. general C. generous D. gentle
3) Everybody likes to get along with someone who is generous _______ his money and dislikes _______ with someone who is mean with it.
A. with; to get along B. for; getting C. with; getting on D. to; to get along
7. vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
①in vain 徒劳，徒然，白辛苦（作表语或状语）
典题赏析：
1) His efforts to raise money for his program were _______ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain
2) We were told to learn Martin Luther King’s speech _______ for homework.
A. step by step B. in vain C. by heart D. in advance
3) —Thank God you’re safe!
—I stepped back, just _______ to avoid the racing car.【江苏卷】
A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain
4) The thief tried to open the locked door but _______.
A. in no way B. in vain C. in effect D. at a loss
8. bent adj. 决意的，极想的；弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的
n. 天赋，爱好 [c]
①be bent on doing sth. 决心干某事；专心致志于干某事
②be bent for 因……而改变，受……的摆布
③have a bent for 有……的天赋/爱好
典题赏析：
1) —What is Rudi up to?
—Rudi seems bent _______ finding a new job.
A. on　　 B. to 　　 C. down 　　 D. over
2) I am _______ becoming a successful businessman so that my parents will be proud of me.
A. satisfied with B. excited about C. meant to D. bent on
3) A law can’t be _______ for anyone, even for those in power.
A. turned B. bent C. beaten D. meant
9. on the run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
①in?the?long run? 从长远的观点看来；终究，毕竟；结果，最后
②in?the?short?run? 从短期看来
③run?across ?无意间碰到，偶然遇到
④run?after ?追逐，追求
⑤run?against ?对……不利?；违反；撞；和……竞选
⑥run?away? 逃走，离家
⑦run?away?from ?逃避；携……而逃
⑧run?into? 偶遇；陷入
⑨run out ?用完，结束；流出，突出 （主语是物）
⑩run out of 用完，结束；流出，突出 （主语是人）
run?over??碾压?，压死，压伤；匆匆看一遍?
run?short?（某物）快用完了；（钱）不够用了
run?through? 匆忙看一遍；用完；扎穿，捅穿
run for? 竞选
10. live up to 遵守，实践；符合，不辜负
①live by 以……为生
②live on 靠吃……生存，以……为主食；继续活着，继续存在
③live through 度过，经受住
④live with 与……住在一起；忍受
⑤live one’s dream实现某人的梦想
⑥live a happy/hard/miserable life 过着幸福/艰难/痛苦的生活
典题赏析：
1) We think highly of Mr White because he always _______ his principles.
A. lives on B. lives up to C. lives through D. lives with
2) The doctor said that she had to _______ liquid food for some time.
A. live on B. live with C. live in D. live by
3) Do you think our great ship will _______ the hurricane?
A. live with B. go through C. die from D. live through
11. cant卼oo; can抰卐nough/more 无论/不论……也不为过；越……越好
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
A student can’t read too many books. 学生看的书越多越好。
I can’t thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。
I can’t agree more. 我非常同意。
典题赏析：
1) You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. shouldn抰 C. mustn抰 D. needn抰
2) 桰f our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better.
_______. They just expect us to listen.
A. I believe not B. No problem C. Good idea D. I can抰 agree more
12. reform vt. & vi. & n. 使改过自新，改造；改革，改良
①reform and opening up 改革开放
②reform oneself 改过自新
③reform…into… 把……改编成为……
④reform…through… 通过……改造……
典题赏析：
1) ______ with a difficult situation, the newly-elected president decided to take the reform and open policy.
A. To face B. Facing C. Faced D. Having faced
2) It is more important to _______ criminals than to punish them.
A. reform B. seize C. sentence D. try
13. threat n. 威胁，恐吓 [c]；有……的危险，有……之虑
The killer is a threat to everyone in the town. 杀人犯对城里的每一个人都是一个威胁。
The clouds brought a threat of town. 天上乌云密布，县城有下雨之虑.
▲threaten vt. 威胁，恐吓；预示（危险）
①threaten to do sth. 威胁干某事
②threaten sb. to do sth. 威胁某人干某事
③a threatening letter 恐吓信
The black clouds threaten rain. 天上乌云密布，预示要下雨了。
典题赏析：
1) Her brother _______ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.
A. declared B. threatened C. warned D. exclaimed
14. violence n. 暴力，暴行 [u]；猛烈，激烈 [u]
①do violence to 对……施暴；歪曲（事实）
▲violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的，激烈的
15. resist vi. & vt. 抵抗，反抗，抵制；忍住
①resist doing sth. 抵制干某事
②can’t resist doing sth. 禁/忍不住干某事
▲resistance n. 抵抗，反抗，对抗 [c/u]
▲resistant adj. 抵抗的，反抗的，有抵抗力的 (to)
典题赏析：
1) The watch was so beautiful and it happened to be 40% off, so I couldn’t resist _______ it.
A. to buy B. buying C. to be bought D. being bought
2) She is overweight, but she can’t _______ the temptation to eat more delicious food.
A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist
16. reunite vt. & vi. （使）重逢，（使）重聚；（使）再结合，（使）再联合
①be reunited with 与……重逢/重聚
17. bind vt. 捆，绑，系；（使）联合；约束，迫使 (bound-bound)
n. 捆绑（物）
①bind oneself to do sth. 保证做某事
②in a bind 处于困境
18. worn out adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的
19. spit vi. & vt. 吐唾沫；吐，唾（唾沫、食物等） (spat-spat)
①No spitting 不准随地吐痰
②spit at/on sb. 对某人吐口水
典题赏析：
1) We should make it clear to children that it is not polite to _______ in public.
A. speak B. spin C. spit D. split
2) Mr. White had a terrible cold and could not stop _______.
A. yawning B. sighing C. sneezing D. spitting
20. rag 破布，烂布，抹布，碎布；破衣服（复）
①in rags 衣衫褴褛
典题赏析：
1) The blind men were dressed _______.
A. into a rag B. in rags C. all rags D. with the rags
2) _______, John was afraid of seeing his neighbors.
A. Dressing in a rag B. Wearing a rag C. Dressed in rags D. Wearing in rags
21. rescue n. & vi. & vt. 救援，营救 [c/u]
①rescue…from… 把……从……营救/解救出来
②come to one’s rescue 救援某人，帮助某人
典题赏析：
1) The lifeboat was sent out to _______ the sailors from the sinking ship.
A. shelter B. rescue C. escape D. trap
2) Put the flower in warm rooms so as to _______ them _______ the freezing cold.
A. stop; from B. keep; from C. protect; from D. rescue; from
22. wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕
①wrap up 把……包起来；使……（圆满）结束
②be wrapped up in 完全被包在……手里；全神贯注于
Please wrap the present up. 请把那件礼物包起来。
They reached the agreement on the project and wrapped the meeting up.
他们就这一项目达成了协议，圆满地结束了会议。
He was wrapped up in watching TV. 他全神贯注地看电视。
典题赏析：
1) —May I have a doggie bag?
— _______, Madam. I’ll wrap it up for you.
A. Go ahead B. Come on C. My pleasure D. No problem
2) _______ a blanket, _______ to hospital.
A. Wrapping in; the ambulance took him B. Wrapped in; he was taken
C. Wrapped by; the ambulance took him D. Wrapped around; he was taken
3) _______ up in the computer games, the boy didn’t notice his father come in.
A. Wrapping B. Having wrapped C. To wrap D. Wrapped
23. reputation n. 名誉，名声，声誉 [c/u]
①have a reputation for 因……而有名
②win (a) reputation 获得名声
③ruin one’s reputation 毁了某人的名声
④live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
⑤a man of good/high reputation 有名望的人
⑥a man of no reputation 默默无名的人
典题赏析：
1) China has got a good _______ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge
2) The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _______.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
24. debt n. 债务 [c/u]
①in debt 负债，欠债
②in debt to sb. (= in one’s debt) 负某人的债，受某人的恩惠
③out of debt不欠债
④get/run into debt负债
⑤pay off debts 还清债务
典题赏析：
1) —Thank you very much.
—It’s a piece of cake compared to your saving my life: I am forever _______.
A. in your debt B. in debt C. getting into debt D. remembering you
2) They were still _______ their friends after their child’s long illness.
A. in debt to B. in the debt to C. in debt with D. in the debt with
3) Do you think a person _______ is more clever than one _______?
A. with debt; without debt 　 B. under debt; up debt
　C. in debt; out of debt 　 D. on debt; over debt
25. adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕
①adore sth. 喜欢某事
②adore doing sth. 喜欢干某事
▲adorer n. 爱慕者，崇拜者
▲adoring adj. 崇拜的，敬慕的
典题赏析：
1) Fully aware of the importance of health, many people living in cities _______ outdoor sports.
A. achieve B. acquire C. adore D. admit
2) The use of water is becoming tense in north China and the government _______ that we should save water in our daily life.
A. advocates B. distributes C. adores D. declines
26. touch on 谈及，涉及
①touch off 开（灯等）；触发，激起
②keep in touch with 与……保持联系
③get in touch with 与……取得联系
④lose touch with 与……失去联系
⑤be in touch with 与……有联系
⑥be out of touch with 与……没有联系
典题赏析：
1) The speaker ___ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.
A. held on B. worked out C. touched on D. kept out of
27. intend vt. 想要，打算，意指
①intend sth.
②intend to do sth./doing sth. 想要/打算干某事
③intend sb. to do sth. 想要/打算某人干某事
④ intended to have done sth.
had intended to do sth. 本打算干某事（而实际上未干）
⑤intend that + s + (should) + v 打算……
⑥ intend sb. for sth.
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做……；要使某人成为……
⑦be intended for 为……而打算/设计的；原意/意指……
⑧be intended to do sth. 打算干某事
▲intention n. 意图，目的；企图 [c/u]
⑨with the intention of 带着……的目的
⑩with good intentions 善意地，诚意地
by intention 故意地
▲intentional adj. 有意的，故意的
▲intentionally adv. 有意地，故意地
28. tune n. 曲调，曲子
vt. 调音，校音；调频道；调节
①in tune 音调正确；演奏合调，和谐
②out of tune 音调不正确；演奏不合调，不和谐
③in tune with 与……和谐/协调
④change one’s tune 改变论调
⑤tune in/to收听
⑥tune out 关掉
典题赏析：
1) She has been practising _______ the same tune on the piano for nearly an hour.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. be playing
2) Different cultural features of ethnic groups are _______ one another and worked out a melody.
A. in tune with B. in parallel with C. in contrast to D. in response to
29. farewell n. 再见，再会（常含有永别或不容易再见的意思）
①say farewell to 向……告别
②Farewell to arms！永别了，武器！（海明威小说名）
30. spring n. 春天，春季；泉，泉水；弹簧，发条；弹性；跳跃
vi. 跳，跃，弹跳；突然出现，迅速长出 (up)；
涌出，发出 (from)；弹开 (sprang/sprung-sprung)
①in spring 在春天
②a hot/mineral spring 温泉/矿泉
③spring up 突然出现，迅速长出
④spring from 涌出，发出
典题赏析：
1) A global village has indeed ____ among the teenage generation, who share common values and attitudes.
A. set up B. speeded up C. risen up D. sprung up
2) Since Perry went abroad, his house has been neglected and weeds are _______ everywhere.
A. winding up B. springing up C. lighting up D. rising up
二、重点句型：
1. Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐时常对他没有善言好语，但乔却是个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
分析：句中“would rather…than…/would…rather than…”意为“宁愿……而不愿……”，前后接动词原形或平行结构。有时为了加强语气，可以把rather than置于句首。
He would rather stay at home than go out.
He would stay at home rather than go out. 他宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。
I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
Rather than tell a lie, I would tell him the truth. 我宁愿告诉他真相而不愿撒谎。
典题赏析：
1) Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, I would always _______ an electric bicycle.
A. to ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; ride D. ride; riding
2) He would rather _______ about the question by himself than _______ for help.
A. to think; to ask B. think; ask C. thinking; asking D. to think; ask
3) —Does Shelly like shopping?
—Well, she would rather spend time _______ at home than _______ in the street.
A. read; wander B. reading; wander C. in reading; to wander D. reading; to wander
参考答案：一、重点单词与短语：
1. CCB 3. DC 4. CC 5. ABD 6. BCC 7. DCAB 8. AD 10. BAD 11. AD 12. CA 13. B 15. BD 19. CC 20. BC 21. BC 22. DBD 23. AB 24. AAC 25. CA 26. C 30. D
二、重点句型：1. CBB
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