2021-2022学年人教版必修第一册Welcome Unit Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
welcome
unit
Period
3
Discovering
Useful
Structures
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How
do
you
express
your
ideas,
by
sentences
or
words?
Sentences.
What
makes
a
sentence?
Lead
in
Analyse
basic
sentence
structures
(Activity
1—Activity
3)
句子成分：构成句子的
各个部分。
主语
宾语
谓语
定语
状语
同位语
表语
补语
warming-up
Please
match
the
sentence
components
with
their
Chinese
meanings.
宾语
状语
谓语
直接宾语
宾语补足语
主语
间接宾语
表语
定语
?
S
(subject)
?
V
(verb)
?
O
(object)
?
P
(predicative)
?
A
(adverbial)
?
Attr.
(attribute)
?
DO
(direct
object)
?
IO
(indirect
object)
?
C
(object
complement)
warming-up
Revision:
please
give
the
sentence
components
according
to
their
Chinese
meanings.
?
主语
?
谓语
?
宾语
?
表语
?
状语
?
定语
?
直接宾语
?
间接宾语
?
宾语补足语
S
(subject)
V
(verb)
O
(object)
P
(predicative)
A
(adverbial)
Attr.
(attribute)
DO
(direct
object)
IO
(indirect
object)
C
(object
complement)
identifying
definition
句子成分
定义：
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
必须部分：
主语、谓语
必要部分：
宾语、表语和补足语
辅助部分：
定语、状语
identifying
definition
句子成分
意义
充当词类
主语
S
句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体
名词、代词、数词、动词不定时、动名词、短语或从句等
谓语
V
说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样
动词或动词词组等
宾语
O
动作、行为的对象
名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分
表语
P
说明主语的性质、特征、属性、状态、身份等
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词短语和从句等
状语
A
修饰动词、形容词和副词或整个句子，表示发生动作的时间、地点、程度等
副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语或从句等
定语
A
修饰、限定名词或代词
形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、副词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句等
补足语
C
说明宾语或主语性质、状态等
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词和动词不定式等
Summery
主语
(Subject)
：是一个句子的主体。
一般位于句首。
Jacky
is
a
student.
There
are
two
boys.
What
can
we
do?
在there
be结构、
疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）
和倒装句中，
主语在谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
Here
comes
the
bus.
主语（S）
主语（S）
主语（S）
主语（S）
主语
(Subject)
:可由
名词、
代词、
数词、
不定式、
动名词、
名词化的形容词
和主语从句等表示。
The
book
came
out
yesterday.
We
will
study
harder.
Ten
years
is
not
too
long.
To
learn
English
well
is
easy.
Smoking
is
harmful
to
us.
The
young
is
the
future.
谓语
(Predicate)
:
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
由动词做谓语
一般是放在主语后面
表语(Predicative)
：
用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。
它一般位于系动词后。
宾语（Object）：
表示动作的对象或承受者。
一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
①
He
broke
the
window.
宾语（O）
②
He
gave
me
a
book.
间接宾语（Oi）
直接宾语（Od）
宾语补足语（Object
complement）：
有时单一个宾语无法表达完整，所以加一个补足语来补充。
它是宾语的身份、特征或发出的动作等。
两者一起构成复合宾语。
①
He
made
the
girl
cry.
宾语
（O）
②
I
find
English
easy.
宾语（O）
宾语补足语（C）
宾语补足语（C）
简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。
根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为8种基本句型
简单句的基本句型
1.
S+V
主谓
2.
S+
V
+
O主谓宾
3.
S+P主系表
4.
S+
V
+
IO+
DO主谓双宾
5.
S+
V+
O+
C主谓宾宾补
6.
S+
V+
A主谓状
7.
S+
V+
O+
A主谓宾状
8.
There
+be
There
be
句型
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Meaning
简单句基本句型
主谓：主语+谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物动词。
eg.
Linda
smiled.
The
baby
is
sleeping.
主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SP)。
eg.
They
are
friends.
The
dish
smells
good.
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Meaning
主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。谓语是及物动词。
eg.
Mike
will
fix
everything.
Jeff
loves
swimming.
主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。
eg.
Alex
gave
his
sister
the
piano.
Mary
handed
me
the
letter.
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Meaning
主谓宾宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+补语(SVOC)。谓语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。
eg.
I
found
the
book
easy.
They
called
their
daughter
Amy.
There
be：There
+be
+主语+其它。主语是其后的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外，sound,
look,
seem,
appear,
lie,
stand
等，也可用于此结构。
eg.
There
is
a
book
on
the
table.
There
seems
to
be
something
wrong
with
me.
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Meaning
由SV和SVO扩展：
主谓状：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。谓语为不及物动词。
eg.
He
talked
too
much.
主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。
eg.
I
had
my
first
maths
class
at
senior
high
school.
【语境应用】判断句子结构类型。
1)
Everybody
smiled.
2)
The
car
caught
fire.
3)
Did
the
milk
turn
sour?
4)
He
bought
his
wife
a
dress.
5)
Roy
found
his
new
job
rather
boring.
6)
Your
brother
got
up
at
10
o’clock.
7)
I
haven’t
seen
Daniel
for
long.
8)
Are
there
any
gardens
in
the
town?
SV
SVO
SP
SVIODO
SVOC
SVA
SVOA
there
be
Use
Practice
Let’s
match.
S+V
2.
S+
V
+
O
3.
S+P
4.
S+
V
+
IO+
DO
5.
S+
V+
O+
C
6.
S+
V+
A
7.
S+
V+
O+
A
8.
There
+be
I
miss
my
grandma.
All
of
us
laughed!
There’s
a
lot
to
explore
at
senior
high.
He
told
us
a
funny
story.
I
had
my
first
maths
class
at
senior
high
school.
The
teacher
was
kind
and
friendly.
He
talked
too
much.
I
found
most
of
my
classmates
and
teachers
friendly
and
helpful.
exercises
1.
The
1000-year-old
school
lies
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
S
Activity
2
Read
the
sentences
and
analyse
the
structures.
V
A
2.
We
must
act.
S
V
3.
The
maths
homework
looks
easy.
S
P
4.
The
teacher
found
the
classroom
empty.
S
V
O
C
exercises
5.
My
mum
bought
me
a
new
dictionary.
S
Activity
2
Read
the
sentences
and
analyse
the
structures.
V
DO
6.
Tom
is
looking
forward
to
meeting
the
new
exchange
student.
S
V
7.
There
is
an
English
Corner
at
our
school.
There
be…
8.
We
had
chemistry
in
the
newly
built
lab.
S
V
O
A
IO
O
exercises
1.
…
that
dream
has
come
true!
S
Activity
3
Read
the
passage
and
analyse
the
structures
of
the
underlined
sentences.
V
2.
Tim
and
his
classmates
are
living
on
a
ship.
S
V
3.
They
also
learn
about
ships
and
the
sea.
S
4.
Tim
writes
his
parents
an
email
...
S
V
IO
DO
A
V
O
exercises
4.
…
tell
them
what
happened
on
the
ship.
S
Activity
3
Read
the
passage
and
analyse
the
structures
of
the
underlined
sentences.
DO
5.
There’s
always
something
exciting
to
do.
There
be…
6.
Studying
and
doing
homework
seem
much
more
fun…
S
P
IO
assignment
Try
to
make
eight
sentences
about
“My
first
senior
high
school
day”
with
different
structures.
e.g.
My
first
day
of
senior
high
school
is
__________.
I
___________
(did…)
on
my
first
day
of
school.
I
find
it
____________.
1.
SV
2.
SVO
3.
SP
4.
SVOO
5.
SVOC
6.
SVA
7.
SVOA
8.
There
be…
goodbye！