2022届高三英语一轮复习外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope 分层训练（含答案）

Unit
6　Disaster
and
hope
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
________
(occur)
billions
of
years
ago.
2．[2020·江苏卷]In
looking
into
the
________
(story)
of
biological
discovery,
I
also
began
to
find
something
else,
a
collection
of
scientists，usually
brilliant,
occasionally
halfmad,
who
made
the
discoveries.
3．[2020·浙江卷]At
that
very
moment,
the
helicopter
arrived.
Seeing
Elli
and
me
nearly
beaten
by
the
bear,
the
________
(rescue)
told
me
to
spray
him
in
his
eyes
using
pepper
spray
in
a
loud
voice.
4．[2019·江苏卷]Wildlife
has
been
greatly
________
(threat)
in
the
modern
age.
5．We
are
________
(expect)
to
take
part
in
the
Provincial
contest
next
month.
6．The
police
set
off
to
search
for
the
lost
boy
________
(immediate)
they
got
the
call.
7．Attention
please，everyone！I
have
a
very
important
________
(announce)
to
make.
8．We
are
looking
for
someone
who
is
________
(rely)
and
hardworking.
9．________
never
occurred
to
me
that
he
would
fail
in
the
exam.
Ⅱ.连词成句
compared
to，
after
all，
next
to，
what's
more，
most
importantly，
pick
up，
make
it，
make
sure，
stay
away
from，
otherwise
1．________
the
apple
under
the
tree，I
found
a
worm
eating
inside
it.
2．Treat
the
boy
patiently.
________，he
is
just
a
student
in
Grade
1.
3．________
the
result，the
process
where
we
have
been
working
matters
more.
4．He
drove
to
the
airport
to
pick
us
up.
________，he
took
warm
lunch
for
us.
5．Keep
yourself
active.
________，build
up
your
body
and
meanwhile，your
mind.
6．Although
it
was
late
into
the
night，he
________
to
the
subway
station
to
pick
me
up.
7．I
really
hope
the
man
________
me
could
stop
playing
his
cellphone
game.
8．You
should
________
you
have
closed
the
door
before
you
leave.
9．You
must
________
fire.
It's
very
dangerous.
10．He
must
work
really
hard，________，he
will
soon
be
abandoned
by
his
company
and
his
fans.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
temperature
in
London
1.________
(expect)
to
reach
30
plus
degrees！You
may
find
the
newspapers
2.________
the
title
“Hot！Hot！Hot！”．The
Central
Line
is
one
of
the
oldest
3.________
(line)
and
one
of
the
4.________
(deep).
Going
down
the
stairs
and
onto
the
platform
makes
you
hard
to
breathe
and
it
is
nothing，5.________
(compare)
to
the
train.Some
of
the
passengers
in
it
feel
6.________
bit
sick
and
they
hope
they
can
make
7.________
to
their
destination
soon.
Each
summer
in
London
definitely
seems
8.________
(hot)
than
the
last.
Perhaps
it
is
time
9.________
(start)
planning
for
the
future.
Fortunately，if
you
step
out
of
the
station，you
10.________
(feel)
a
fresh
wind
on
your
face.
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2021·郑州高三质量预测]Time
magazine
listed
its
top
inventions
of
2019,
some
of
which
will
surely
become
a
big
part
of
our
everyday
lives
over
the
next
decade.
Here
are
some
we're
most
looking
forward
to.
●Virtual
surgery
According
to
Harvard
Business
Review,
our
current
system
of
training
surgeons
can't
keep
up
with
the
speed
of
technological
development.
“Even
after
4
years
of
college,
4
years
of
medical
school
and
5
years
of
advanced
training
after
working,
30%
of
graduates
still
can't
operate
on
their
own，”
said
Justin
Barad,
who
is
the
CEO
and
cofounder
of
Osso
VR.
They
create
software
to
give
doctors
the
virtual
operating
room
experience
so
they
can
practice
and
prepare
for
surgery.
Apparently,
it
works.
Dr.
Gideon
Blumstein
conducted
a
study
on
using
Osso
VR.
His
team
found
that
participants'
overall
surgical
performance
improved
by
an
astonishing
230%
over
traditional
training
methods.
●Vending
veggies
(出售素食)
“Eat
happier.”
That's
the
Farmer's
Fridge
advertising
message.
It
is
a
good
one,
as
this
company
wants
to
bring
fresh,
healthy
food
to
people.
It's
trying
to
change
more
than
just
food,
though.
It
also
wants
to
change
the
delivery
method.
Farmer's
Fridge
has
created
its
very
own
automatic
machines.
They
can
be
placed
in
hightraffic
areas.
These
supersmart
vending
machines
can
know
their
contents
at
any
moment,
and
can
allow
customers
to
reserve
things
and
pay
in
advance.
They
can
even
learn
about
what
customers
want.
Shayna
Harris
is
the
company's
Chief
Growth
Officer.
“We
have
developed
salads,
sandwiches
and
breakfast
items
that
taste
as
fresh
as
if
you
just
made
them
in
your
home
kitchen，”
she
said
in
an
interview
with
Insider
Trends.
●Recycling
pollution
When
we
write
with
black
ink,
we're
writing
with
soot(烟灰)—a
powder
made
by
burning
coal
or
oil.
Cars
are
machines
that
produce
soot.
To
collect
the
soot,
Anirudh
Sharma,
creator
of
AIRINK,
made
a
device
called
Kaalink,
which
is
attached
to
a
vehicle's
exhaust
pipe
(排气管).
Once
collected,
it's
made
into
ink
color
and
mixed
with
vegetable
oil
to
create
inks,
markers
and
paints
with
the
brand
AIRINK.
“I
don't
know
if
it's
pollution,
but
the
quality
of
the
ink
is
really
special，”
said
artist
Kristopher
Ho.
“It's
black,
really
thick
and
dries
extremely
quickly.”
The
Guardian
describes
AIRINK
as
“remarkably
green”.
Each
30milliliter
pen
contains
between
4050
minutes
of
air
pollution,
while
each
6liter
spray
can
hold
2,000
minutes
of
diesel
exhaust
(柴油废气).
In
the
past
year,
Sharma
said,
his
team
has
cleaned
nearly
1.7
trillion
liters
of
air
in
India
and
Hong
Kong.
1．What
can
be
known
about
Osso
VR?
A．It
is
an
assistant
to
help
surgeons
do
operations.
B．It
can
perform
operations
on
patients
automatically.
C．It
offers
doctors
a
virtual
environment
to
practice
surgery.
D．It
is
a
piece
of
software
to
help
medical
students
do
research.
2．What
makes
Farmer's
Fridge
different
and
special?
A．Why
its
advertisement
works.
B．What
its
vending
machines
sell.
C．How
its
vending
machines
operate.
D．Where
its
vending
machines
serve.
3．What
attitude
does
Kristopher
Ho
hold
towards
AIRINK?
A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　
B．Casual.
C．Disapproving.
D．Positive.
4．What
is
the
author's
main
purpose
in
writing
the
passage?
A．To
encourage
scientists
to
make
technological
inventions.
B．To
tell
readers
some
of
the
latest
inventions
in
technology.
C．To
call
on
people
to
keep
up
with
technological
development.
D．To
raise
everyone's
awareness
of
the
environmental
protection.
B
[2021·山东泰安模拟]We
know
that
reading
is
good
for
children.
Now,
a
new
study
suggests
that
just
being
around
books
has
its
benefits.
A
team
of
researchers
in
Australia
finds
that
growing
up
with
a
large
library
at
home
improves
literacy
(读写能力),
numbersense,
and
even
technological
skills
in
later
life.
It
appeared
in
the
journal
Social
Science
Research.
The
researchers
were
exploring
the
advantages
of
scholarly
culture.
They
were
interested
in
a
curious
observation
that
some
call
the
“radiation
effect”．“Radiation
effect
is
a
situation
where
children
grow
up
around
books,
but
they
don't
read
books.
But
somehow
books
benefit
them,
even
though
they
don't
read
them
as
much
as
their
parents
wish
them
to，”
said
Joanna
Sikora,
a
sociologist
in
Australia.
Joanna
and
her
colleagues
analyzed
data
collected
between
2011
and
2015
by
the
Organization
for
Economic
Development.
The
survey
assessed
the
literacy，numeracy
(计算能力),
and
technological
competency
of
more
than
160,000
adults
from
31
countries.
And
it
included
a
question
about
how
many
books
participants
had
in
their
homes
during
adolescence.“What
we
were
able
to
make
clear
was
that
people
growing
up
around
books
had
better
literacy,
numeracy
and
digital
problemsolving
skills
than
people
who
had
fewer
books
growing
up
but
had
similar
education
levels,
similar
jobs,
and
even
similar
adult
habits
in
terms
of
reading
or
working
at
various
numeracyimproving
activities，”
she
said.
In
fact,
teens
who
only
made
it
through
high
school
but
were
raised
in
a
bookish
environment
did
as
well
in
adulthood
as
college
graduates
who
grew
up
in
a
house
without
books.
Now,
how
might
mere
exposure
lead
to
intellectual
improvement？“If
we
grow
up
in
a
house,
in
a
home
where
parents
enjoy
books,
where
books
are
given
as
birthday
presents
and
valued,
this
is
something
that
becomes
a
part
of
our
identity
and
gives
us
this
lifelong
urge
to
always
come
close
to
books
and
read
more
than
we
would.”
So
keep
shelves
piled
with
books.
Your
kids
will
not
only
be
grateful,
they'll
be
more
likely
to
be
able
to
spell
“grateful”
correctly
as
well.
5．What's
“radiation
effect”
according
to
the
text?
A．The
terrible
effect
of
radiation
on
the
persons
and
things.
B．The
good
influence
of
the
bookish
environment
on
adolescents.
C．The
beneficial
effect
of
reading
books
on
adolescents.
D．The
bad
effect
of
the
environment
without
books
on
adolescents.
6．How
does
the
exposure
to
books
improve
intellect?
A．Books
bring
a
sense
of
identity
and
eagerness
to
read
more.
B．Books
help
to
provide
a
chance
to
come
close
to
society.
C．Books
are
always
given
to
adolescents
as
valuable
presents.
D．Books
will
offer
the
teens
an
urge
to
make
great
achievements.
7．What's
the
author's
attitude
towards
bookish
environment?
A．Opposed.
B．Neutral.
C．Indifferent.
D．Supportive.
8．What's
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．Reading
More
Helps
Improve
Children's
Abilities
B．Reading
at
Home
Brings
Children
Many
Advantages
C．Growing
Up
Around
Books
Benefits
Children
a
Lot
D．Creating
a
Bookish
Environment
for
Children
Is
of
Much
Importance
Ⅱ.七选五
Water
Skiing
[2021·山东省聊城模拟]We
are
surrounded
by
messages
trying
to
get
our
attention.
Advertisers,
politicians
and
other
groups
all
try
to
get
us
to
agree
with
them.
__1__.
Propaganda
is
not
always
a
bad
thing,
but
it
often
hides
the
truth
about
a
topic.
It's
very
similar
to
advertising,
whose
goal
is
to
get
people
to
buy
something,
while
propaganda
is
to
change
what
people
believe.
Propaganda
Techniques
To
create
propaganda,
a
common
technique
is
namecalling.
A
politician
might
call
someone
a
traitor
or
liar,
which
makes
the
other
person
look
bad.
Another
is
the
trend
technique.
People
want
to
be
on
the
side
in
the
favor.
__2__.
Some
propaganda
is
based
on
fear.
It
scares
people
into
choosing
a
certain
side
or
taking
action,
which
might
not
be
bad.
Antismoking
campaigns
are
one
example.
They
may
scare
people
into
thinking
that
if
they
smoke,
they
will
get
cancer.
__3__
Propaganda
is
used
by
many
groups,
such
as
businesses,
politicians
and
the
government
.It
is
spread
through
posters,
television
and
radio.
The
Internet
makes
it
easy
to
send
messages
to
the
whole
world.
Types
of
Propaganda
Political
propaganda
has
been
around
as
long
as
there
have
been
politicians.
__4__.
People
have
used
it
for
many
years.
War
propaganda
began
during
World
War
I,
more
than
100
years
ago.
To
see
if
propaganda
is
saying
the
truth,
people
need
to
do
extra
work.
For
example,
ads
might
always
sound
like
they're
true.
But
before
you
believe
them,
try
to
think
about
who
created
and
paid
for
them.
Find
out
why
they
did
it.
__5__.
A．Propaganda
Targets
B．Propaganda
Mediums
C．Another
word
for
this
is
propaganda
D．So
most
people
will
agree
with
those
politicians
E．Then,
you
can
decide
if
they're
being
honest
or
not
F．However,
religious
propaganda
was
actually
the
first
official
one
G．People
might
join
someone
who
claims
to
be
popular
or
winning
Ⅲ.应用文写作
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注意：
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参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．occurred　2.stories　3.rescuers　4.threatened　5.expected
6．immediately　7.announcement　8.reliable　9.It
Ⅱ.连词成句
1．Picking
up　2.After
all　3.Compared
to　4.What's
more　5.Most
importantly　6.made
it　7.next
to　8.make
sure　9.stay
away
from　10.otherwise
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．is
expected　2.with　3.lines　4.deepest　5.compared　6.a
7．it　8.hotter　9.to
start　10.will
feel
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1．C　细节理解题。根据Virtual
surgery部分中的“They
create
software
to
give
doctors
the
virtual
operating
room
experience
so
they
can
practice
and
prepare
for
surgery.”可知，Osso
VR可以给医生提供外科手术实习的虚拟环境，故C项正确。
2．C　推理判断题。根据Vending
veggies(出售素食)部分中的“It
also
wants
to
change
the
delivery
method.
Farmer's
Fridge
has
created
its
very
own
automatic
machines...what
customers
want.”可以推断，Farmer's
Fridge与众不同的地方在于其自动售货机的运行方式，故C项正确。
3．D　推理判断题。根据Recycling
pollution部分中的“‘I
don't
know
if
it's
pollution,
but
the
quality
of
the
ink
is
really
special，’
said
artist
Kristopher
Ho.
‘It's
black,
really
thick
and
dries
extremely
quickly.’”可知，Kristopher
Ho对AIRINK的评价很高，由此可以推断出，他对AIRINK持积极乐观的态度，故选D。
4．B　主旨大意题。根据第一段内容(点出主题——介绍一些人们最期待的发明)并结合下文具体介绍的三项发明可以推断，作者写这篇文章主要是为了给读者介绍几项最新的科技发明，故B项正确。
5．B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Radiation
effect
is
a
situation
where
children
grow
up
around
books
,
but
they
don't
read
books.
But
somehow
books
benefit
them,
even
though
they
don't
read
them
as
much
as
their
parents
wish
them
to”可知，辐射效应在本文中指在书香环境中长大的孩子，虽然他们没有像父母期待的那样读那么多的书，但他们仍然从书中受益良多。由此推断出，书香环境对青少年的成长有良好影响，故选B。
6．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中“If
we
grow
up
in
a
house,
in
a
home
where
parents
enjoy
books,
...come
close
to
books
and
read
more
than
we
would.”可知，如果我们生长在父母热爱书、珍惜书的家庭中，这将成为我们认知中的一部分，让我们终身都有接近书，多读书的渴望，故选A。
7．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So
keep
shelves
piled
with
books..”可知，作者对于书香环境是支持的，故选D。
8．C　主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段中“We
know
that
reading
is
good
for
children.
Now,
a
new
study
suggests
that
just
being
around
books
has
its
benefits.”可知，本文主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处，所以C项最适合作本文的标题，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
1．C　根据下文“Propaganda
is
not
always
a
bad
thing,
but
it
often
hides
the
truth
about
a
topic.”可知，此处应出现Propaganda，由此可知生活中的信息欲引起人们的广泛关注；广告商、政客和其它群体试图让人们同意他们的观点，都离不开宣传造势，C选项，这种现象还有一个名称叫做宣传，该句引出了主题，切题，故选C。
2．G　根据本段可知，主要的宣传手段有：贴标签、从众宣传以及引发恐惧等。G选项，人们都想加入受欢迎或者获胜的人，该句为从众宣传的具体表现，切题，故选G。
3．B　第三段主要介绍宣传的传播途径，主要包括海报、电视、广播以及互联网，故选B。
4．F　第四段主要介绍宣传的三种主要类别：政治宣传、宗教宣传和战争宣传，
F选项，宗教宣传实际上就是第一类宣传，很早就被人们使用，切题，故选F。
5．E　根据前一句Find
out
why
they
did
it.通过了解宣传者的意图和目的，才能知晓宣传的真实性，故选E。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
参考范文：
Dear
Chris,
I'm
quite
delighted
to
hear
that
you
are
participating
in
the
Chinese
poem
recitation
contest.
The
poem
you
choose
is
an
ancient
one,
which
ought
to
be
a
real
challenge.
The
poem,
written
by
Meng
Jiao,
is
called
Song
of
the
Parting
Son.
It's
about
the
deep
love
between
the
poet
and
his
mother.
The
poem
mainly
describes
a
scene
in
which
a
mother
is
making
clothes
for
her
son
who
is
leaving
home
to
fulfill
his
ambition.
With
each
stitch
she
makes,
the
mother
conveys
her
deep
love
for
her
son
and
her
profound
concern
that
he
may
return
late.
The
poem
expresses
his
thoughts
using
similes,
concluding
that
“a
mother's
love
is
like
the
sunshine
to
the
grass.”
With
its
rich
emotion
and
depth,
this
poem
is
a
good
choice
for
your
contest.
I
wish
you
break
a
leg
in
the
contest!
Yours，
Li
Hua