Unit 1 Topic 2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.教材全解

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
1
Topic
2The
population
in
developing
countries
is
growing
faster.
一、重点词汇
yet仍，还
probably很可能，大概
cinema电影院
department百货公司
nearby附近的，邻近的；在附近
population人口，人数
billion十亿
increase（使）增加，（使）增大
reach实现；达到；够得着；到达
luckily幸运地，运气好地
policy政策，方针
Russia俄罗斯
measure措施，方法
social社会的；社交的
supply提供，供应；供应量；补给
natural天然的；天生的
worse更差的，更糟的；更差,更糟
government政府，内阁
paragraph段；段落
opportunity机会，时机
newborn新生的，初生的
percent百分之……
offer提供(东西或机会);主动提出
surround围绕，环绕
garbage垃圾，废物；垃圾场
discourage阻拦，阻止；使灰心
local当地的，本地的
capital首都；资本
huge巨大的；极多的
market集市，市场
transportation运输
excellent优秀的，杰出的
二、重点词组
1.?get
lost
迷路?
2.?each
other
彼此
3.
at
least
至少
4.
take
place发生?
5.
because
of
因为??
6.
be
strict
with
sb.
对某人严格要求?
7.carry
out
实行????
8.be
short
of
缺乏
9.
take
measures
to
do
sth.采取措施做某事
10.be
known
as…
作为……而著名
11.work
well
in
doing…在……方面起作用?
12.a
couple
of?
一些??
13.keep
up
with赶上,跟上
三、重点句型
1.
Have
you
found
him
yet?
你已经找到他了吗？
2.
——I
really
hate
to
go
shopping.
我的确讨厌购物。——So
do
I.我也如此。
3.
But
it
seems
that
their
living
conditions
were
not
very
good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。
4.
But
great
changes
have
already
taken
place
in
China
recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。
5.
Because
of
the
one-child
policy,
now
most
families
have
only
one
child.
由于我国独生子女政策的实行，现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。
6.
What’s
the
population
of
the
U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少？
7.
——What’s
more,
the
population
in
developing
countries
is
growing
faster.?
——So
it
is.
而且，发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。?????????????????????????
的确如此。
8.
Our
government
has
taken
many
measures
to
control
the
population.
我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。
四、语法：
现在完成时常与下列副词连用：
already
已经（多用于肯定陈述句，句中）
yet
尚，还，仍然（多用于否定句、疑问句，句末）
ever
曾经（多用于疑问句，句中）
recently
最近（多用于句末）
never
从不（多用于否定句，句中）
just
仅仅（多用于肯定句句中）
before
之前（一般位于句末）
e.g.??
1.
I
have
just
called
you.
2.
——Have
you
ever
been
to
France?
——No,
I’ve
never
been
to
any
European
countries.
3.
——Have
you
seen
him
yet??????
——Yes,
I
have
seen
him
already.
五、知识详解
Section
A
一、主题课文翻译
1a：
Hello,
Michael.
I
have
just
called
you,
but
you
weren’t
in.
where
have
you
been?你好，迈克尔。我刚刚给你打了电话，但你不在，你去哪里了？
I
have
just
been
to
a
shopping
center
with
Kangkang.
I’ve
never
been
there
before,
but
I
don’t
want
to
go
there
any
more.刚才我和康康去购物中心了，我以前从未去过那儿，但我再也不想去那儿了。
Why?为什么呢？
Because
there
were
too
many
people.
We
got
lost
and
couldn’t
find
each
other.
因为那儿人太多。我们走散了，找不到对方。
Bad
luck!
Have
you
found
him
yet?
真倒霉！你已经找到他了吗？
No,
he
has
probably
gone
home.
Let’s
call
him
up
now.
I
really
hate
going
to
a
place
like
that.
没有，他可能已经回家了，我们现在给他打个电话吧。我真的讨厌去那样的地方。
So
do
I.
我也一样。
二、知识精解
1.
I
have
just
called
you,
but
you
weren’t
in.
be
in
=
be
at
home在家
2.
I
don’t
want
to
go
there
any
more.
not……any
more
=
no
more
“不再”
no
more
一般位于句尾或句首;
与瞬时动词连用，表程度不再增加，次数不再重复
拓展：not……any
longer意为“不再”，相当于no
longer,
no
longer用于实意动词之前、助动词或be动词之
后，或位于句尾或句首。与延续性动词或表示状态的词连用，表示时间上的“不再”持续。
eg.
He
didn’t
live
in
Beijing
any
longer.
他不再住在北京了。
3.
Because
there
were
too
many
people.
too
much
+
不可数名词，表
“太多……”
too
many
+
可数名词，表
“太多……”
much
too
+
形容词，表
“太……”
4.
We
got
lost
and
couldn’t
find
each
other.
get
lost
=
lose
one’s
way
走失，迷路。其中，lost为形容词，其近义词有missing和gone
5.
Let’s
call
him
up.
call
up
“给……打电话”,
名词作宾语时可以放在up后面或者两者中间；宾语时it,
them,
him,
me等代词
时，必须放在两词之间。同义词组：ring
up;
make
a
telephone
call
6.
I
really
hate
going
to
a
place
like
that.
like
that/this
像那样/这样
like有两种用法：
(1)用作动词(v.),“爱好，喜欢”,
后面可接名词、代词、动名词或不定式
喜欢做某事
like
to
do
sth.
表示一次性具体的行为
like
doing
sth.
表示经常性、反复的动作
(2)用作介词(prep.),
“像”,
like前边一般要有be
look
like
=
look
the
same
“看起来像”
feel
like
doing
sth.“想要做某事”
What’s……like“……怎么样”
How
do
you
like……?“感觉……怎么样”
Would
like
to
do
sth.“想要做某事”
7.
So
do
I.
So
/
Neither
/
Nor
+
be
/
情态动词
/
助动词
+
另一个主语
（某某也一样
/
也不这样）
此为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定/否定情况也同样适合另外一个主体。
【注意】此句所用的时态要与前句的时态相同，“be
/
情态动词
/
助动词”的形式要与后面的主语一
致。
eg.
(1).
---
I
really
hate
to
go
to
such
a
place.
---
So
do
I.
(我也是)
(2).
---
Tina
isn’t
a
lazy
girl.
---
Neither
/
Nor
am
I.
(我也不是)
拓展：So
+
主语
+
be
/
情态动词
/
助动词
（……的确如此）
此句表赞同，主语与上文指同一人或物。
eg.
---
It
was
cold
yesterday.
---
So
it
was.
(它确实是这样)
8.
By
the
way,
have
you
ever
been
to
the
cinema
nearby?
nearby
adj.
附近的
adv.
在附近，不远
nearly
adv.
几乎，差不多
Section
B
一、主题课文翻译
(Kangkang
is
reading
a
report
on
population
in
the
newspaper.)
（康康正在看报纸上一篇关于人口报道。）
Wow!
What
a
large
population!
哇！多么庞大的人口啊！
What?
什么？
Look,
it
says
the
world
has
a
population
of
6.8
billion.
And
it
is
increasing
by
80
million
every
year.看！报纸上说世界人口已经达到68亿了，并且正以每年8000万的速度增长。
Mmm,
that's
really
a
lot.
Which
country
has
the
largest
population?嗯，真的太多了。哪个国家人口最多呀？
China
has
the
largest
population.
It
has
already
reached
1.3
billion,
and
India
is
second
with
1.1
billion.中国人口最多，已经达到了13亿，印度第二，有11亿。
What's
the
population
of
the
USA?美国有多少人口？
309
million.美国有3.09亿。
Oh,
I
see.
It
shows
that
the
population
in
developing
countries
is
larger
than
that
in
developed
countries,
doesn't
it?
噢，我明白了。它表明发展中国家人口比发达国家人口多，不是吗？
Yes.
What's
more,
the
population
in
developing
countries
is
growing
faster.是的。并且，发展中国家人口增长更快！
So
it
is.
The
population
problem
is
more
serious
in
developing
countries.是这样。人口问题在发展中国家更严峻。
Luckily,
China
has
already
carried
out
the
one-child
policy
to
control
the
population.幸运的是，中国已经实行了独生子女政策来控制人口增长。
二、知识精解
1.
Kangkang
is
reading
a
report
on
population
in
the
newspaper.
on
=
about
关于
2.
What
a
large
population!
population
人口；居民。常用形容词large和small来表示人口的多少。做主语时位于动词用单数。
What’s
the
population
of……
询问人口是多少
……has/have
a
population
of……
有……人口
拓展：Three
quarters
of
the
population
of
the
country
are
farmers.
强调人口中一部分人时用复数
3.
And
it
is
increasing
by
80
million
every
year.
increase
使增加，增大，增多
increase
by
+
倍数/百分数/数字+频度:
“增加了……
倍”或”百分之……”或”每年/月/分/...增加....”
increase
to
+
具体增加后的数字:
增加到了……
4.
It
has
already
reached
1.3
billion,
and
India
is
second
with
1.1
billion.
(1)
reach
达到，增加到(某速度，数量等)；实现；到达；够得着
Daytime
temperatures
can
reach
40℃.
白天的气温可以达到40摄氏度。
They
are
too
short
to
reach
the
apples
on
the
tree.
他们太矮了够不着树上的苹果。
(2)
second
位居第二
India
is
second
with
1.1
billion.=
India
is
has
the
second
largest
population
with
1.1
billion.
拓展：second
表示“秒”
5.
It
shows
that
the
population
in
developing
countries
is
larger
than
that
in
developed
countries.
句中的that指代the
population.
that指上文中表示物体的可数名词单数或不可数名词
those指上文中表示物体的可数名词复数
6.
Luckily,
China
has
carried
out
the
one-child
policy
to
control
the
population.
(1)
luck
n.
luckily
adv.
lucky
adj.
(2)
carry
out
实行，进行，执行
7.
What
problems
does
the
large
population
cause?
cause
=
lead
to
=
bring
about
带来，造成，引起，导致
拓展：cause还有名词词性
原因
8.
What
measures
do
you
think
should
be
taken
to
control
the
population?
take
measures
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
Section
C
一、主题课文翻译
In
2010,
the
world's
population
was
about
6.8
billion.
More
than
three
billion
people
live
in
Asia
now.
That's
almost
half
of
the
world's
population.
China
has
the
largest
population
in
the
world,
and
about
one
fifth
of
the
people
in
the
world
live
in
China.
Because
of
the
large
population,
there
is
less
living
space
for
each
family.
And
it
is
difficult
for
lots
of
people
to
find
jobs.
At
the
same
time,
the
large
population
has
caused
many
other
difficulties
for
the
whole
nation.
For
example,
it
is
hard
for
China
to
supply
energy
and
the
traffic
is
much
heavier.
Natural
environment
are
becoming
worse
and
worse.
The
large
population
has
been
a
serious
problem.
So
far,
our
government
has
taken
many
measures
to
control
the
population.
One
is
known
as
the
one-child
policy.
It
has
worked
will
in
controlling
China's
population.
Thanks
to
the
policy,
China
is
developing
quickly
and
people's
living
conditions
are
improving
rapidly.
However,
the
population
problem
is
still
serious
in
China.
We
still
have
a
long
way
to
go.
2010年，世界人口大约是68亿。现在30多亿人居住在亚洲。这几乎是世界人口的一半。
中国是世界上人口最多的国家，世界上大约五分之一的人居住在中国。由于人口多，每个家庭的居住面积更小了。并且许多人找工作都很困难。.同时，人口多也给整个国家带来了许多其他的困难。例如，中国很难提供足够的能源和水来满足人们的日常需求。大多数城市比以前更拥挤，交通堵塞更严重。自然环境越来越糟糕。人口过多已经成为一个严峻的问题。
到目前为止，我们政府已经采取许多措施来控制人口增长。其中一项众所周知的就是独生子女政策。它在控制中国人口数量方面有了显著的成效。多亏了这项政策，中国正在迅速发展，人们的生活条件也在迅速改善。然而，人口问题在中国仍然很严峻，我们仍然有很长的路要走。
二、知识精解
1.
In
2010,
the
world’s
population
was
about
6.8
billion.
More
than
three
billion
people
live
in
Asia
now.
(1)
about
用在数字之前表“大约”=
around
(2)
less
than
比……少，修饰不可数名词（little的比较级）、形容词、副词。
fewer
than
比……少，只用于修饰可数名词（few的比较级）。
more
than
比……多，用于可数名词和不可数名词（many
和much的比较级）。
2.
That’s
almost
half
of
the
world’s
population.
(1)
almost
几乎
(2)
half
of
/half
如果是人称代词,则只能用half
of,而且人称代词要用宾格；如
half
of
them
在谈论距离、长度和数量时,只能用half,一般不用half
of；如
half
a
mile
half,
half
of后面所接的名词前,必须有表示限定含义的冠词、指示代词、物主代词等等，如half
of
my
friends.
注意
：half
of
+
中心词(名、代)
+
谓语动词
3.
China
has
the
largest
population
in
the
world,
and
about
one
fifth
of
the
people
in
the
world
live
in
China.
英语中分数的表达法口诀：子基母序，子＞1，母加s.
例如：三分之一
one
third;
五分之一
one
fifth;
三分之三
three
thirds;
五分之四
four
fifths
注意:
四分之一也可说成a
quarter;
二分之一说成
a
half
拓展：分数
+
of
+
名词
+
谓语动词
4.
Because
of
the
large
population,
there
is
less
living
space
for
each
family.
living
space
生活空间
5.
At
the
same
time,
the
large
population
has
caused
many
other
difficulties
for
the
whole
nation.
(1)
at
the
same
time
同时
all
the
time
一直
(2)
whole
强调整体，一般不能修饰不可数名词或物质名词，修饰复数名词时一般前面有数量词，
如
the
whole
day;
three
whole
days
all
着重各个部分，接不可数名词/名词复数。All
the
days;
all
my
advice
6.
For
example,
it
is
hard
for
China
to
supply
energy
and
water
to
satisfy
people’s
daily
needs.
supply
sth
to
sb
=
supply
sb
with
sth
提供某物给某人，给某人提供某物
拓展：provide
sth
for
sb
=
provide
sb
with
sth
offer
sth
to
sb
=
offer
sb
sth
7.
So
far,
our
government
has
taken
many
measures
to
control
the
population.
so
far
“到现在为止”是现在完成时的标志，谓语动词应为“have/has＋动词过去分词”形式。
8.
One
is
known
as
the
one-child
policy.
be
known
as
=
be
famous
as
作为……而出名,
后加“地位/身份”。
be
known
for
=
be
famous
for
因……
而出名，后加出名的原因，表示“特点特长”的名词。
9.
It
has
worked
well
in
controlling
China’s
population.
work
well
in
sth./doing
sth
在某事/做某事方面很有成效
10.
Thanks
to
the
policy,
China
is
developing
quickly
and
people’s
living
conditions
are
improving
rapidly.
thanks
to
幸亏，多用于褒义，多置于句首。
because
of
因为，强调因果关系，褒贬皆可。
with
the
help
of
由于……的帮助，多用于褒义。
thanks
for
因……而感谢。
11.
It
has
become
one
of
the
biggest
social
problems
today.
one
of
+
the
+
形容词最高级+
名词复数
12.
There
are
about
1.3
billion
people
in
China.
13
billion
13亿
billions
of
数以亿计的
拓展：基数词
hundred，thousand，million，billion等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加-s，也不带of。当这些词不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s,
而且要后接介词
of,
然后才能接名词。
Section
D
一、主题课文翻译
Present
Perfect
(Ⅱ)
现在完成时(Ⅱ)
1.I
have
just
called
you.我刚刚给你打过电话。
2.I’ve
never
been
there
before.我以前从未去过那里。
3.China
has
already
carried
out
the
one-child
policy
to
control
the
population.
中国已经实施了独生子女政策来控制人口增长。
4.
Have
you
found
him
yet?
你已经找到他了吗？
Functions功能
1.
I
really
hate
going
to
a
place
like
that.我真的讨厌去那样的地方。
2.
So
do
I.
我也一样。
3.
It
shows
that
the
population
in
developing
countries
is
larger
than
that
in
developed
countries,
doesn't
it?它表明发展中国家人口比发达国家人口多，不是吗？
4.
China
has
the
largest
population
in
the
world,
and
about
one
fifth
of
the
people
in
the
world
live
in
China.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家，世界上大约五分之一的人居住在中国。
5.
Thanks
to
the
policy,
China
is
developing
quickly
and
people's
living
conditions
are
improving
rapidly.
多亏了这项政策，中国正在迅速发展，人们的生活条件也在迅速改善。
二、知识精解
1.
I
live
in
a
small
mountain
town
called
Fairmont.
called
Fairmont
是过去分词短语作定语，修饰town。（也可以把它理解成小镇被称为……）
2.
The
small
town
is
surrounded
by
trees.
be
surrounded
by
意为“被……所环绕”。（也可以通过被动语态来理解）
拓展：被动态结构：动作承受者+
be
+
V（过去分词）+by
动作实施者
3.
People
live
close
to
nature
and
try
to
protect
it.
①
close
v.
关上
adj.
closed
关闭的
adj.
亲密的，很近的
be
close
to
离……很近，和……很亲密
②
nature
意作为“自然”时，前不加
the
natural
adj.
自然的
③
try
to
do
sth.
尽力去做某事
try
doing
sth.
尝试去做某事
4.
They
are
careful
with
garbage
and
discourage
cutting
trees.
①
care
careful
仔细的，认真的
adj.
carefully
adv.
careless
粗心的
adj.
carelessly
adv.
be
careful
with/
about/of
sth
对……小心翼翼
②
courage
n.
勇气
encourage
鼓励
v.
encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
discourage
使气馁，使沮丧
v.
discourage
doing
sth.
5.
There
are
many
fine
places
such
as
Beihai
Park
and
Tian’anmen
Square
where
we
can
meet
with
friends
to
dance
or
listen
to
music.
此句为定语从句，where
作为关系副词，后面跟的从句是对前面表示地点的先行词的解释说明
6.
Our
public
transportation
is
excellent,
too.
四个“也”的区别
too
放于肯定句句末，单词前有逗号
either
放于否定句句末，单词前有逗号
also
放于句中
as
well
放于句末，单词前无逗号
名代单，谓单
名代复，谓复
名代单，谓单
名代复，谓复
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