Unit 1 Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.教材全解

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
1
Topic
3
The
world
has
changed
for
the
better
一、重点词汇
block街道（区）；（方形）大块
artist艺术家，（尤指）画家
visitor游客；来访者；参观者
industry行业；工业
chemistry化学；化学物质
term学期；词语；措辞
program计划，方案；节目
homeless无家的
manage完成（困难的事）；能解决（问题）
treatment疗法，治疗
training训练，培训
immediately立刻，立即；一……就
secretary秘书
helper帮手，助手
club俱乐部
engineer工程师，设计师
wound创伤；伤口；v.伤，伤害
basic基本的，基础的
human人的；人
shelter收容所；遮蔽物
homelessness无家可归
earn挣钱；挣得，赢得
drug毒品；药，药物
mental精神健康的；思想的
whatever无论什么，任何事物
effect影响，结果；效果
steal偷，窃取
support帮助，援助；支持
phrase短语，词组
context上下文；语境；背景
laborer体力劳动者，劳工，工人
cruel残酷的，冷酷的
project专题研究；项目；方案
aid援助；帮助
primary小学教育的；主要的；最初的
contribution贡献；捐款
encourage鼓励
moral道德（上）的
development发展；开发
respect尊敬，尊重
importance重要性，重要
continue持续，继续做
college（美国）大学；（英国）学院
二、重点词组
1.get
used
to
sth./
doing
sth.
习惯于……
2.as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
3.break
out?
爆发
4.live
a
hard
life
过着艰难的生活
5.in
need
of?
需要
6.provide
sb.
with
sth.=
provide
sth.
for
sb.提供某物给某人
7.one’s
success
in
doing
sth.
成功完成某事
8.obey
strict
rules
?遵守严格的规则
9.take
drugs
吸毒
10.aim
to
do
sth.
目的是
11.in
the
past
sixteen
years
在过去的十六年里
12.at
home
and
abroad
在国内外
13.pay
for
付款
14.thousands
of
成千上万的
15.millions
of大量；数以百万计
16.on
purpose故意，有意地
17.according
to据……所说，按……报道
18.make
a
contribution
to为……作贡献
三、重点句型
1.You
must
come
for
a
visit.
请你一定来参观。
2.Well,
once
they
find
people
in
deed,
they
decide
on
suitable
ways
to
help
them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助,
就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
3.I
think
it
is
important
for
these
people
to
feel
good
about
themselves.我认为对于这些人来说,自我感觉良好是重要的。
4.The
world
has
changed
for
the
better.世界变得更加美好。
5.With
the
money,
it
has
built
thousands
of
schools
and
trained
2,300
teachers.它用这钱修建了数千所学校和图书馆并且培训了2300名教师。
四、语法
1.?现在完成时:
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g.
You
have
been
in
New
York
for
a
long
time.
The
city
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
came
here
a
few
years
ago.
2.He
has
been
away
from
the
army
for
nine
years
because
of
a
leg
wound.
(1)
for和since区别
for用来说明动作的延续时间长短，即多长时间，时间段
用来说明动作起点，即时间点，指具体的年，月，日，时，星期几
since
since
+
一段时间
+
ago，表示自……时间前开始至今
since
+
一般过去时从句
It
is(has
been)
+
一段时间
+
since
+一般过去时从句
时间段
+
has
passed
since
+
一般过去时从句
(2)
leave为瞬间性动词（短暂性），不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果有时间段的时间状语，要将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
【链接】常见短暂变延续的动词
die
——
be
dead
borrow/lend
——
keep
come
/
go
——
be
in
buy
——
have
leave
——
be
away
(from)
finish
——
be
over
begin
/
start
——
be
on
open
——
be
open
close
——
be
closed
become
——
be
join
——
be
in
3.?构词法:
合成词:
home
+work=
homework
派生词:
use——useful,
happy——unhappy
五、知识点解析
Section
A
一、主题课文翻译
1a：(Helen
and
Bob
are
talking
on
the
phone)（海伦和鲍勃正在打电话。）
You
have
been
in
new
York
for
a
long
time.
How
do
you
like
living
there?你在纽约很时间了。你觉得住在那儿怎么样？
It’s
great.
I
really
love
it.
好极了，我真的很喜欢。
But
I
heard
that
the
local
traffic
was
terrible
and
almost
everyone
drove
too
fast.但我听说当地的交通很糟糕，而且几乎每个人都开车太快。
Oh,
you
will
get
used
to
it
very
soon
if
you
come.
噢，如果你来，你很快就会习惯的。
I
also
heard
the
streets
were
dirty.
我还听说街道很脏。
They
used
to
be,
but
the
city
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
came
here
a
few
years
ago.
过去是这样，但自从几年前我来到这儿之后，城市（面貌）已经改善了很多。
Isn’t
it
dangerous
to
live
there?
难道住在那儿不危险吗？
Well,
it
was
in
the
past,
but
it’s
quite
safe
now.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
it’s
a
wonderful
place
to
live.
Near
our
block,
there
are
beautiful
parks,
good
schools,
famous
museums
and
excellent
restaurants.
And
you
can
go
to
plays,
concerts
and
operas
every
day
if
you
like.
You
must
come
for
a
visit.
Then
you
can
see
new
York
yourself.
噢，过去很危险，但现在很安全。事实上那是一个极好的居住地。在我们街区附近有美丽的公园，好的学校，著名的博物馆和豪华的饭店。如果你喜欢，你可以每天去看戏剧、欣赏音乐会和歌剧。你一定要来纽约参观，那样你可以亲自看一看纽约。
二、知识精解
1.
How
do
you
like
living
there?
How
do
you
like
(doing)
sth.?
=
What
do
you
think
of
(doing)
sth.?
你认为……怎么样？
2.
You
will
get
used
to
it
very
soon
if
you
come.
get/be/become
used
to
(doing)
sth.
意为“习惯于（做）某事”。
Eg.
He
can’t
get
used
to
the
weather
here.
他不习惯这儿的天气。
???巩固：used
to
do
sth
过去常常做某事(现在不做了，只用于一般过去时)
be
used
to
do
sth.被用来做某事
3.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
it’s
a
wonderful
place
to
live.
(1)
as
a
matter
of
fact
=
in
fact
事实上，实际上
(2)
place
to
live,
动词不定式to
live
在此作place的定语。
拓展：动词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词，如果该不定式里的动词是worry
(about)、cut
(with)、write(on)
等不及物动词，后面应有必要的介词。
但当动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,
way,
nowhere时，不定式后面通常没有介词。
eg.
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
He
is
looking
for
a
room
to
live
in.
Please
give
me
a
pen
to
write
with.
We
found
a
way
to
solve
this
problem
(in).
He
has
no
money
and
no
place
to
live.
4.
And
you
can
go
to
plays,
concerts
and
operas
every
day
if
you
like.
(1)
go
to
plays,
concerts
and
operas
去看戏剧、欣赏音乐会和歌剧
go
to
加名词，表示去做某事
(2)
everyday
是一个词，为形容词。表示“每天的，日常的，普通的”做定语。
every
day
是一个短语，表示“每天”，做状语。?
5.
You
must
come
for
a
visit.
come
for
a
visit
来参观
go
on
a
visit
参观
go
for
a
visit
去参观
Section
B
一、主题课文翻译
1a：What
are
you
reading,
Jane?
简，你在看什么?
I’m
reading
a
newspaper
from
Canada.
Martin
showed
me
an
interesting
article.
It
is
about
a
program
that
helps
homeless
people.我在看一份加拿大的报纸，马丁介绍了一篇很有趣的文章。它是关于救助无家可归的人的一个计划。
Are
there
homeless
people
in
Canada?
加拿大有无家可归的人吗？
Oh,
yes.
Many
countries
have
homeless
people.
The
article
says
one
city
has
a
wonderful
program.
Since
it
started,
it
has
helped
hundreds
of
people
return
to
work
and
live
a
normal
life.噢，有。许多国家都有无家可归的人。这篇文章中写道有个城市有一个极好的计划。自从计划实施以来，已经帮助数以百计的人重返工作岗位，从而使他们过上正常的生活。
That
sounds
great!
How
do
they
manage
it?
?听起来好极了！他们是如何做的？
Well,
once
they
find
people
in
need,
they
decide
on
suitable
ways
to
offer
them
help.
噢，他们一旦发现处在困境中的人，就选定适当的方式来给他们提供帮助。
Can
the
homeless
people
get
enough
food,
homes
and
medical
treatment?
无家可归的人能够获得充足的食物、住所和医疗吗？
Yes.
And
it’s
not
only
that.
The
program
also
provides
them
with
job
?training
so
that
they
can
find
jobs
again.
是的，还不知这些。这个还向他们提供职业培训，以便他们能再次找到工作。
I
think
it
is
important
for
these
people
to
feel
good
about
themselves.我认为对于这些人来说自信心是很重要的。
You
are
right.
The
world
has
changed
for
the
better.
?你说对了。世界已经变得更加美好了。
二、知识精解
1.
Martin
showed
me
an
interesting
article.
show
sb.
sth=show
sth.
to
sb.
把某物展示给某人看
show
sb.
around
带某人四处参观
show
(great/no)
interest
in
sth.
对某物有极大的兴趣/对某物没有兴趣
show
n.
展出；表演on
show/
put
on
shows
2.
The
article
says
one
city
has
a
wonderful
program.
say+从句，表示(文字材料)记载，写到。
Her
passport
says
she
is
nineteen.
她的护照上写着她19岁。
3.
Once
they
find
people
in
need,
they
decide
on
suitable
ways
to
offer
them
help.
(1)
once:
连词，引导时间状语从句，意思为：一旦……就……。
once:
adv.
一次
once:
adv.
曾经，一度
(2)
in
need:
在困难中，在贫困中
need:
n.
(食物，钱或生活来源的)短缺，缺乏
(3)
decide
(not)
to
do
sth.
决定(不)
做某事
make
a
decision
to
do
sth.
做出决定做某事
decide
on
(doing)
sth.
选定，决定出某物
拓展：A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
患难见真情。
4.
I
think
it
is
important
for
those
people
to
feel
good
about
themselves.
(1)
It
is
+adj.+for
sb.
to
do
sth=It
is
+
adj.
+that
从句
对某人来说做某事是……
(2)
feel
good
about......
对……感觉好
fell
good
about
oneself
自我感觉良好，有信心
5.
The
world
has
changed
for
the
better.
for
the
better:
朝更好的方向发展
6.
Many
people
got
in
trouble
and
some
even
lost
their
homes.
get
in
trouble=
be
in
trouble
处在困境中，有麻烦
7.
Some
volunteers
drove
to
pick
up
the
people
in
need.
pick
v.
采摘
pick
up
sth
捡起；接收某物
pick
sb.
up
(开车)接某人
8.
The
whole
city
was
in
a
helpful
mood.
mood
n.情绪，心情，氛围
be
in
a
good/bad
mood
心情好/坏
be
in
a
lively
mood
气氛活跃
9.
I
feel
good
because
I
could
help
so
many
people
out.
help
sb.
out
帮助某人摆脱困境
Section
C
一、主题课文翻译
One
of
the
most
basic
human
needs
is
a
home.
A
home
is
a
safe
place.
While
most
people
around
the
world
value
their
homes,
there
are
many
people
in
every
country
who
are
homeless.
Some
people
are
homeless
for
a
short
period
of
time
because
they
are
moving
from
one
place
to
another,
and
other
people
are
not
able
to
find
a
home.
They
must
live
on
the
streets
or
in
a
shelter.
There
are
many
causes
of
homelessness.
Sometimes
people
can
not
keep
a
home
because
they
do
not
earn
enough
money,
or
because
they
do
not
have
a
job.
Sometimes
people
are
homeless
because
they
have
a
problem
with
drugs
or
because
they
have
a
mental
illness.
No
one
is
ever
homeless
on
purpose.
Whatever
the
cause
of
homelessness
is,
the
effects
are
the
same.
Homeless
people
must
work
very
hard
to
live.
They
can
not
raise
their
children.
Sometimes
they
must
steal
food
just
to
eat.
The
government
in
every
country
has
worked
for
many
years
to
support
the
homeless
but
more
needs
to
be
done.
We
must
think
of
the
homeless
as
people,
not
just
as
problems.?
人类最基本的需求之一是家。家是一个安全的地方。尽管世界上大多数人都珍视他们的家，但是每个国家却总有很多无家可归的人。
有些人只是短时间的无家可归，因为他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方，而其他的人没有能力找到家。他们必须住在街上或收容所。
有许多原因造成无家可归。有时不能养家是因为他们没有挣到足够的钱，或者因为他们没有工作。有时人们无家可归是因为他们存在毒品问题或是精神疾病。在任何时候都没有人想故意无家可归。
不管是什么原因造成了无家可归，其结果总是相同的。无家可归的人必须努力地维持生计。他们养不起孩子，有时他们必须偷东西吃。多年以来，每个国家的政府都在设法援助这些无家可归的人，但需要做的还很多。我们必须关心无家可归的人，而不是仅仅把无家可归视为（社会）问题。
二、知识精解
1.
One
of
a
basic
human
needs
is
a
home.
人类最基本的需求之一是家。
basic
adj.
基本的，根本的
base
n.
基础，基地
vt.
基于，把……建立在
base
on
以……为基础
2.
While
most
people
value
their
homes,
there
are
many
people
in
every
country
who
are
homeless.
尽管世界上大多数人都珍视他们的家，但是每个国家却总有很多无家可归的人。
value
v.
重视、珍惜、尊重
value
sth.
重视……，看重……
n.
价值
valuable
adj.
有价值的
=
be
of
value
3.
Some
people
are
homeless
for
a
short
period
of
time
because
there
are
moving
from
one
place
to
another,
and
others
are
not
able
to
find
a
home.
有些人只是短时间的无家可归，因为他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方，而其他的人没有能力找到家。
for
a
short
period
of
time
一小段时间
4.
There
are
many
causes
of
homelessness.有许多原因造成无家可归。
cause
v.
引起,
使发生
n.
原因
cause
of
……的原因
reason
for
……的原因
5.
Sometimes
people
can
not
keep
a
home
because
they
do
not
earn
enough
money,
or
they
can
not
have
a
job.
有时不能养家是因为他们没有挣到足够的钱，或者因为他们没有工作。
keep
a
home
养家糊口
6.
Sometimes
people
are
homeless
because
they
have
a
problem
with
drugs
or
because
they
have
a
mental
illness.
有时人们无家可归是因为他们存在毒品问题或是精神疾病。
have
a
problem
with
在……有困难或有问题
7.
No
one
is
ever
homeless
on
purpose.
在任何时候都没有人想故意无家可归。
on
purpose
故意的，有目的的
8.
Whatever
the
cause
of
homelessness
is,
the
effects
are
the
same.
不管是什么原因造成了无家可归，其结果总是相同的。
9.
The
government
in
every
country
has
worked
for
many
years
to
support
the
homeless
but
more
need
to
be
done.
多年以来，每个国家的政府都在设法援助这些无家可归的人，但需要做的还很多。
support
vt.
支持，帮助，维持
support
sb
in
(doing)sth
支持某人做某事
n.支撑，支持者
give
support
to
sb
给某人提供支持
10.
We
must
think
of
the
homeless
as
people,
not
just
as
problems.
我们必须关心无家可归的人，而不是仅仅把无家可归视为（社会）问题。
think
of
……
as......
=
regard
……
as……
把……认为……，把……看成……
Section
D
一、主题课文翻译
Present
Perfect
(Ⅲ)
现在完成时(Ⅲ)
1.
You
have
been
in
new
York
for
a
long
time.
?你在纽约很时间了。
2.The
city
has
improved
a
lot
since
I
came
here
a
few
years
ago.?自从几年前我来到这儿之后，城市（面貌）已经
改善了很多。
3.
Since
it
started,
it
has
helped
hundreds
of
people
return
to
work
and
live
a
normal
life.
自从计划实施以来，已经
帮助数以百计的人重返工作岗位，从而使他们过上正常的生活。
Functions功能
1.Oh,
you
will
get
used
to
it
very
soon
if
you
come.
噢，如果你来，你很快就会习惯的。
2.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
it’s
a
wonderful
place
to
live.
事实上那是一个极好的居住地。
3.
You
must
come
for
a
visit.?
你一定要来参观.
4.
Well,
once
they
find
people
in
need,
they
decide
on
suitable
ways
to
offer
them
help.
噢，他们一旦发现处在困
境中的人，就选定适当的方式来给他们提供帮助。
5.
The
program
also
provides
them
with
job
training
so
that
they
can
find
jobs
again.
这个还向他们提供职业培
训，以便他们能再次找到工作。
Project
Hope
Project
Hope
is
an
education
program
to
help
students.
It
builds
schools
in
the
poorest
parts
of
China
and
it
helps
poor
families
afford
an
education
for
their
children.
Since
Project
Hope
started
in
1989,
It
has
done
very
well.
By
2012,
Project
Hope
had
raised
8.73
billion
yuan.
With
this
money,
it
has
aided
4.5
million
children
to
go
to
schools
and
it
has
built
18
002
Hope
Primary
Schools.
Project
Hope
has
made
important
contributions
to
both
the
education
and
the
health
of
children.
For
more
than
20
years,?
Project
Hope
has
encourage
the
moral
development
and
modern
thinking
of
students.
As
a
result,
the
students
in
Hope
schools
respect
their
teachers,
aid
the
poor,
and
help
one
another.
Project
Hope
is
the
best-known
and
most
successful
education
program
in
China.
Without
Project
Hope,
there
is
a
risk
that
many
children
would
have
an
unhappy
future.
希望工程是一项帮助学生的教育事业。它在中国最贫困的地区建立学校，并且帮助贫困家庭担负孩子的教育费用。
希望工程自从1989年创办以来，成绩显著。到2012年，希望工程筹集的资金已有87.3亿元。希望工程用这些钱资助了450万名儿童上学，建立了18002所希望小学。
希望工程对儿童的教育和健康都作出了重大贡献。二十多年来，希望工程促进了学生的德育发展和现代意识。因此，希望工程的学生尊重老师，救助穷人，互相帮助。在中国，希望工程是最出名、最成功的教育事业。要是没有希望工程，很多儿童就可能不会有幸福的未来。
二、知识精解
1.
It
builds
schools
in
the
poorest
parts
in
China
and
it
helps
poor
families
afford
an
education
for
their
children.
常与can,
could,
be
able
to连用)买得起;有足够的...(去做...)[+to-v]
afford
to
do
sth.
2.
By
2012,
Project
Hope
had
raised
8.73
billion
yuan.
raise
筹
raise
money
raise
指借助外力将物体抬升至某一高度raise
your
hand
抬升，举起
和
rise
的区别
rise
不及物动词，多用于自然界现象或人从躺、坐等姿势
饲养，抚养
起立
the
sun/sea
level/temperature
rises
3.
With
this
money,
it
has
aided
4.5
million
children
to
go
to
schools
and
it
has
built
18002
Hope
Primary
Schools.
aid
①
作名词
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”，是不可数名词
first
aid
急救
②
作动词
译为救助，援助
4.
Project
Hope
has
made
important
contributions
to
both
the
education
and
the
health
of
children.
contribution
贡献
n.
（可数）
contribute
做贡献
v.
be/
get
used
to
doing
sth.
习惯做某事
pay
attention
to
doing
注意做某事
to作介词情况回顾
look
forward
to
doing
期盼做某事
prefer
doing
to
doing
宁可做某事
stick
to
doing
坚持做某事
make
contributions
to
doing
为某事做贡献、
5.
Without
Project
Hope,
there
is
a
risk
that
many
children
would
have
an
unhappy
future.
①
without
(表否定)没有，无，不需,
介词，注意后跟动词需+
ing.
Eg.
She
entered
the
room
without
knocking.
②
there
is
a
risk
that
+
从句
there
is
a
risk
in
doing
sth
6.
She
couldn’t
continue
her
studies.
continue
继续
v.
+
to
do
sth.
/
doing
sth.
继续做某事
=
go
on
to
do
sth.
表示说话前在做某件事，说话后该事情终止，转而继续做其他事情。
doing
sth.
表示说话前在做某件事，说话后继续做同一件事。?
Eg.
He
went
on
pointing
out
mistakes
in
the
paper．他继续指出论文中的错误，指同一动作的继续。?
He
went
on
to
point
out
mistakes
in
the
paper．放下原来做的事，转而指出论文中的错误。?
7.
其他短语补充
as
a
result
结果，因此
as
a
result
of...由于
one
another
=
each
other
相互，彼此
the
importance
of
sth./
doing
sth.
……的重要性
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.
有困难做某事
(
difficulty
既可作可数名词也做不可数名词，以前面跟的修饰词为判断依据）
Eg.
Have
not
many
difficulties
studying.
/
have
much
difficulty
speaking
to
foreigners.
have/has
been
+
adj./prep.
have/has
kept
have/has
had
for
+
时间段
since
+
时间点
How
long
疑问句
有风险做某事
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)