Unit 2 Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.教材全解

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
2
Topic
2
All
these
problems
are
very
serious.
一、重点词汇
sand沙
sandstorm沙暴
desert沙漠；v.舍弃，遗弃
human人
although虽然，尽管，即使
reduce减少；减轻
completely彻底地；完整地
user使用者；用户
none没有一个；毫无
rubbish垃圾；废弃物
spit吐，唾
wild野的，野生的
nobody没有人；小人物
untidy不整洁的，凌乱的
worst最差的，最糟的
rude无理的，粗鲁的
behavior行为，举止
situation状况；形势；局面
punish处罚，惩罚
perhaps可能，大概
everybody人人，每个人
nowhere无处；哪里都不
oxygen氧气
hole洞，坑
ozone
layer臭氧层
radiation放射，放射物
directly直接地
carbon
dioxide二氧化碳
form(使)出现；(使)形成；种类；形式
blanket毛毯，毯子
escape渗出；逃跑；逃脱
rise上升；起床；升起
the
greenhouse
effect温室效应
refer提到，涉及，有关
shortage不足；缺少；短缺
avoid防止，避免
resource资源；财力
discover发现，找到
reuse再次使用；重复使用
thirsty缺水的；口渴的
nearly几乎，将近
law法律，法令；定律
二、重点词组
1.
as
a
result?
结果
2.
here
and
there?
到处
3.
in
the
beginning
一开始
4.
in
danger
处于危险中
5.
cut
down??
砍倒
6.
change
sth.
into
sth.把……变成……
7.
prevent
from?
防止
8.
greenhouse
effect?
温室效应
9.
refer
to?
提到
10.deal
with
处理
11.take
up
占据
12.cut
off?
中断
13.change
into转换成，变成
14.take
away拿走
三、重点句型
1.
As
we
know,
none
of
us
likes
pollution.众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。
2.
Humans
have
come
to
realize
the
important
of
protecting
animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3.
Trees
can
also
stop
the
wind
blowing
the
earth
away.树木也能防风固土。
4.
Cutting
down
trees
is
harmful
to
human
beings,
animals
and
plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5.
Some
things
we’ve
done
are
very
good
for
earth
while
some
are
not
good.
我们所做的,
有些对地球很好,而有些不利。
6.
They
can
also
prevent
the
water
from
washing
the
earth
away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7.
When
it
rains
or
when
the
wind
blows,
the
earth
is
taken
away.天一下雨或刮风,
土就会被冲走或刮走。
四．语法
——不定代词和不定副词
（一）不定代词
1.
定义：不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。大多数不定代词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
2.
各类不定代词：
可
数
不可数
许多
many
much
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of
一些
some,
any
a
few
a
little
几乎没有
few
little
每个
任何一个
全都
都不
另一个
指两个
each
either
both
neither
(the)
other
两者以上
each/every
any
all
none/no
another
some,
any,
no和every都可以和one,
body,
thing连用，构成复合不定代词。
some-
any-
no-
every-
人
someone
anyone
no
one/none
everyone
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
物
something
anything
nothing
everything
1）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.
Something
is
wrong
with
the
computer.
2）形容词或else修饰不定代词时应该放在不定代词之后。
e.g.
There
is
something
delicious
on
the
table.
3）some-/any-复合不定代词的用法与some/any用法基本一致。肯定句以及期待对方肯定回答的疑问句中通用some-；否定句和疑问句句通用any-。
e.g.
Would
you
like
something
to
eat?
I
don't
know
anything
about
it.
I
heard
somebody
singing
in
the
classroom.
4）Each
of
Neither
of
Either
of
None
of
5）we
each后加谓语动词复数形式
图示区别
...
...
one
....
the
other
...
...
one
....
another
....
...
...
one
....
the
others
...
...
...
some
....
others
....
...
...
some
....
the
others
....
（二）不定副词
some,
any,
no和every还可以与where连用，构成表示地点的副词，即
somewhere
某处，在某处
anywhere
在任何地方，无论何处
nowhere
无处，不知名的
everywhere
到处，处处
=
here
and
there
注意：else放在不定副词后面。
五、知识点解析
Section
A
一、主题课文翻译
(Kangkang,
Maria
and
Jane
are
talking
in
a
room.
The
wind
outside
is
blowing
strongly.)(康康、玛利亚和简正在房间里谈话，,外面的风刮得很厉害。)
What
bad
weather!
The
wind
is
so
strong!
And
the
sand
really
hurt
my
face.
while
I
was
walking
down
the
street
just
now,
I
couldn't
see
anything.?
多么糟糕的天气!风太大了！沙子的确刮得脸很疼。刚才在街上走时，我什么也看不见。
I'm
sorry
to
hear
that.
But
what
causes
these
sandstorms?
对此我很难过。但是是什么引起这些沙尘暴的呢?
People
have
cut
down
too
many
trees.
As
a
result,
a
lot
of
rich
land
has
changed
into
desert.?
人们乱砍滥伐。结果，大量肥沃的土地变成了荒漠。
That's
bad.
How
can
that
affect
the
weather?
那太糟糕了,但是那怎么影响天气呢?
Trees
can
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth
away.
树木可以防风固土。
And
a
lot
of
water
can
be
saved
by
forests.
并且森林可以贮存大量的水分。
They
can
also
stop
the
water
from
washing
the
earth
away.
树木也能防止水土流失。
Cutting
down
trees
is
harmful
to
human
beings,
animals
and
plants.
Although
we
have
built
"the
Green
Great
Wall",
we
still
need
to
do
something
to
protect
the
environment.?
砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。尽管我们已经建起了“绿色长城”,我们仍需要采取措施保护环境。
二、知识精解
1.
The
wind
outside
is
blowing
strongly.
blow
strongly/hard
刮大风
rain/snow
heavily/hard
2.
While
I
was
walking
down
the
street
just
now,
I
couldn’t
see
anything.
(1)
while
引导时间状语从句只能是延续性动词。
when引导的从句动词可以使延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词
while
sb.be
doing,
sb.
be
doing.
while然而
(2)
walk
down
the
street
沿着街道走
(3)
not
anything
=
nothing,
即not
any
=
no
3.
A
lot
of
rich
land
has
changed
into
desert.
change
into
=
turn
into
把…变成
4.
Trees
can
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth
away.
(1)
stop
sb./sth.
(from)
doing
sth.
prevent
sb./sth.
(from)
doing
sth.
keep
sb./sth.
from
doing
sth.
(from不能省略)
protect
sb./sth.
from
doing
sth.
(from不能省略)
(2)
earth着重指与天空相对的“土地”，还泛指泥土
soil
指用于种植庄稼的“土壤”
ground指大地表面
land指与河、湖、海洋相对的陆地
(3)
blow
sth.
away
把…吹/刮走
blow-blew-blown
wash
sth.
away
把…冲走，把…洗掉
拓展：blow
out吹灭
put
out
扑灭
5.
And
a
lot
of
water
can
be
saved
by
forests.
be
saved
by
为被动语态结构
被动态结构：动作承受者+
be
+
V（过去分词）+by
动作实施者
save
v.
贮存；挽救；节约
6.
Although
we
have
built
“The
Green
Great
Wall”,
we
still
need
to
do
something
to
protect
the
environment.
(1)
although
conj.
“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though,
although比较正式。
eg:
Although/Though
he
is
very
tired,
he
goes
on
with
his
work.
【注意】
在句中使用although或though时，不能同时使用but,
但although/though后可与yet或still连用。
加强语气时，
可用even
though.
(2)
need
v.
实意动词,
need
to
do
sth.
,
否定：don’t
need
to
do
sth.
情态动词,
need
do
sth.,
否定：needn’t
do
sth.
need
n.需要，需求
7.
People
have
cut
down
such
a
large
number
of
trees
that
the
land
change
into
desert.
a
number
of
“许多，大量”
a
number
of
+
可数名词复数
+
谓语动词复数
the
number
of
“数目”
the
number
of
+
可数名词复数
+
谓语动词单数
eg:
There
are
a
number
of
cars
in
the
parking
lot.
The
number
of
the
cars
is
about
200.
停车场停了大量的车。车的数量大约是200。
???巩固：such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句。“如此……以致于……”
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句。
a
lot
of
/lots
of
和plenty
of
都可修饰可数与不可数名词。“许多”
8.
Some
animals
are
in
danger
of
dying
out.
in
danger
of
处于…的危险中
die
out
灭绝
come
into
being
产生，开始存在，诞生
?巩固：die
-died
-died
v.
死亡
death
n.
dying
现在分词
9.
Humans
have
come
to
realize
the
importance
of
protecting
animals.
come
to
realize逐渐意识到
come
to
do
逐渐…
Section
B
一、主题课文翻译
Kangkang,
read
this
article.
康康，读这篇文章。
What’s
it
about?
关于什么的？
It’s
about
air
pollution
in
China.
It
says
that
China
has
become
the
world’s
largest
producer
and
user
of
coal.
As
a
result,
air
pollution
has
become
a
serious
problem.?
关于中国的空气污染问题。它提到中国已成为世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国。结果，空气污染成已成为一个严重的问题。
Yeah.
But
the
government
is
doing
something
useful
to
protect
the
environment.
是的，但是政府为了保护环境正在采取有效的措施。
That’s
great.
None
of
us
likes
pollution.
那样很好。没有人喜欢污染。
Yes,
We
shouldn’t
leave
rubbish
here
and
there.
Don’t
spit
anywhere
in
public.
Don’t
walk
on
grass
or
pick
flowers.
Everyone
should
care
for
wild
animals
and
plant
more
trees.?
我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。不要在公共场合随地吐痰。不要践踏草坪或采摘花朵。每个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种一些树木。
That’s
right.
We
should
do
everything
we
can
to
protect
the
environment.
对。我们应尽一切努力保护环境。
二、知识精解
1.
It
says
that
China
become
the
world’s
largest
producer
and
user
of
coal.
producer
生产者
user
使用者
2.
As
a
result,
air
pollution
has
become
a
serious
problem.
as
a
result
结果是
as
a
result
of
...
由于...
3.
But
the
government
is
doing
something
useful
to
protect
the
environment.
do
something
useful
to
do
sth
=
take
measures
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
something
useful
adj修饰不定代词时，放在后面，作后置定语。
somewhere
warm
一些暖和的地方；
nothing
serious
没什么严重的
4.
None
of
us
likes
pollution.
none
of
(三者及三者以上)
+可数n复数+谓v单或复
none
of
(三者及三者以上)
+不可数n+谓v单
none
of
(三者及三者以上)
+代词复数+谓v单或复
拓展：neither
表示两者
“都不”
How
many/much
引导的特殊疑问句，否定回答用none
Who引导的特殊疑问句，否定回答用no
one
everyone
每个人，只指人不指物，后不加of，强调整体。谓语单数。
every
one
+表范围的of短语
5.
We
shouldn’t
leave
rubbish
here
and
there.
here
and
there
=
everywhere
到处，处处
6.
We
should
do
everything
we
can
to
protect
the
environment.
we
can
作everything的定语+
to
do
sth.
7.
Worst
of
all,
so
of
them
are
quite
rude...
worse
为bad的最高级
worst
of
all
最糟糕的是，用来引出最坏的事。
8.
I
think
we
should
make
rules
to
change
the
situation.
make
rules
制定规章
break/disobey
rules
违反规则
follow/obey
rules
遵守规则
9.
None
of
us
would
like
to
see
dirty
water
and
rubbish
lying
around.
没有人想看见四处是脏水和垃圾。
lie
躺/位于
lie-lay-lain
lying现在分词
Section
C
一、主题课文翻译
The
earth
is
4.6
billion
years
old.
We
humans
have
lived
on
the
earth
for
only
35
000
years,
but
during
this
period,
we
have
changed
our
planet
a
lot
in
many
ways.
Some
things
we
have
done
are
very
good
for
the
earth
while
others
are
bad.?
All
over
the
world,
people
have
cut
down
millions
of
trees.
When
it
rains
or
when
the
wind
blows,
the
earth
is
taken
away.
Forests
have
become
deserts,
so
many
kinds
of
animals
and
plants
are
disappearing.
In
big
cities,
cars
and
buses
have
polluted
the
air.
Now
many
people
in
cities
have
health
problems.?Factories
have
also
polluted
the
land
and
the
water.
As
a
result,
many
rivers
and
lakes
are
now
dead.Around
the
earth,
there’s
a
special
kind
of
oxygen
called
“ozone”(O3).
It
is
important
to
the
earth.
But
now
air
pollution
is
destroying
it
and
making
a
very
big
hole
in
the
ozone
layer.
Too
much
harmful
radiation
from
the
sun
passes
through
the
hole
and
reaches
the
earth
directly.
This
is
very
dangerous
because
this
kind
of
radiation
can
cause
cancer.
Carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
in
the
air
has
increased
a
lot.
It
mainly
comes
from
burning
oil,
coal
and
wood.
This
has
formed
a
“blanket”
around
the
earth.
The
heat
from
the
sun
can’t
escape
so
the
temperature
is
rising.
This
is
called
“the
greenhouse
effect”.
It
causes
the
level
of
the
oceans
to
rise
and
the
climate
of
the
earth
to
change.
All
these
problems
are
very
serious,
so
we
must
do
something
now.
地球已有46亿年了。我们人类生活在地球上只有三万五千年，但是在此期间我们在许多方面改变了我们的星球。我们所做的一些事情对地球有益，然而其他一些对地球却有负面影响。
全世界的人们已经砍掉了数百万的树木。下雨或吹风时，土壤被带走，森林变成了荒漠，因此许多种类的动植物正在灭绝。
在大城市，小车和公交车污染了空气，现在城市里许多人都有健康问题。工厂也污染了土地和水。结果，现在许多河流和湖泊失去了生机。地球周围有一种特殊的氧气叫做“臭氧”(O3)，它对地球很重要。但现在空气污染正在破坏它，而且使臭氧层出现了一个非常大的洞。大量来自太阳的有害射线穿过这个洞直接进入地球大气层。这是非常危险的，因为这种射线能导致癌症。
空气中的二氧化碳(CO2)大量增多。二氧化碳主要来自燃烧的油、煤和木柴。它在地球周围形成毯子式的覆盖层。来自太阳的热量不能散发，所以气温度升高。这就是所谓的“温室效应”。它会引起海平面升高而且地球上的气候也会有变化。所有这些问题都非常严重，所以我们现在必须做些事情（来保护我们的家园）。
二、知识精解
1.
We
have
changed
our
planet
a
lot
in
many
ways.
a
lot
作副词短语，表程度，“很，非常”。Do
you
wear
your
new
watch
a
lot?
前可被such，what，quite，rather修饰。I
like
him
quite
a
lot.
a
lot
of
=
lots
of
＋
可n./不可n.
There’s
a
lot
of
work
to
do
and
a
lot
of
people
have
been
sent
there.
2.
Some
things
we
have
done
are
very
good
for
the
earth
while
others
are
bad.
3.
All
over
the
world,
people
have
cut
down
millions
of
trees.
cut
down
砍下
cut过去式和过去分词均为cut；现在分词：cutting
拓展：cut
off
切断（电源，水），中断
The
phone
line
was
cut
off
during
the
storm.
cut
up
切碎
He
cut
the
old
tree
up
cut
sth.
into
pieces
把某物切碎
4.
Too
much
harmful
radiation
from
the
sun
passes
through
the
hole
and
reaches
the
earth
directly.
（1）
易混词辨析：though
尽管=although
thought
想法（think的过去式）
（2）direct
adj.直接的
v.
指挥，指示.
directly
adv.
直接地
=
direct
＋ly
拓展
director
导演
direction
方向，指导
5.
It
mainly
comes
from
burning
oil,
coal
and
wood.
burning
燃烧的，现在分词做定语
6.
This
has
formed
a
blanket
around
the
earth.
form
7.
This
is
called
“the
greenhouse
effect”.
greenhouse
effect
温室效应
ozone
臭氧
ozone
layer
臭氧层
radiation
射线
carbon
dioxcide
二氧化碳
the
level
of
the
oceans.
海平面
＝
sea
level
8.
In
the
passage,
blanket
refers
to
carbon
dioxide
around
the
world.
refer
to
指的是……
Section
D
一、主题课文翻译
Indefinite
Pronoun
and
Adverb不定代词和副词
1.
None
of
us
likes
pollution.没有人喜欢污染。
2.
Don’t
spit
anywhere
in
public.
不要在公共场合随地吐痰。
3.
Everyone
should
care
for
wild
animals
and
plant
more
trees.
每个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种一些树木。
4.
We
should
do
everything
we
can
to
protect
the
environment.
我们应尽一切努力保护环境。
Functions功能
1.As
a
result,
a
lot
of
rich
land
has
changed
into
desert.结果，大量肥沃的土地变成了荒漠。
2.Trees
can
stop
the
wind
from
blowing
the
earth
away.
树木可以防风固土。
3.We
shouldn’t
leave
rubbish
here
and
there.我们不应该到处丢弃垃圾。
4.All
these
problems
are
very
serious,
so
we
must
do
something
now.?
所有这些问题都非常严重，所以我们现在必须有所行动。
二、知识精解
1.
The
sea
seems
to
have
the
best
answer.
seem
+
adj.
（详情参考系表结构）
+
to
do
sth
It
seems
that
+
从句
2.
We
can
solve
the
problem
of
the
shortage
of
water.
①
解决问题：solve
/
deal
with
the
problem
②
the
shortage
of
缺乏
be
short
of
缺乏
拓展
be
short
for…
是……的缩写
=
for
short
Eg.
TV
is
short
for
television
=
We
call
television
TV
for
short.
3.
How
can
we
avoid
a
serious
water
shortage?
avoid
避免
v.
+
sth.
/
doing
sth.
后接动名词的动词？
avoid
practice
finish
discourage
enjoy
imagine
keep
mind
prevent
regret
spend
consider(考虑)
4.
Third,
we
should
discover
ways
to
reuse
water.
①
discover
发现
探索
v.
discovery
探索
发现
n.
拓展：find,
discover
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?s?wd=discover&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6"
\t
"_blank?)
及invent的区别
A.
find是较非正式用词,表示找到或发现的意思。
Eg.
Please
find
my
hat
for
me.
B.
discover
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?s?wd=discover&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6"
\t
"_blank?)指通过有意识地寻找或查询,发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。
Eg.
It
was
Columbus
who
discovered
America
in
1492.
C.
invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
Eg.
Alexander
Bell
invented
the
telephone
in
1876.
②
reuse
重复使用
v.
re-
为构词法中的前缀，意为“再一次……”
类似用法：recycle(再循环)
retell(重述)
return
(返回)
reform(重整，改革)
5.
This
is
because
about
97%
of
the
water
on
the
earth
is
sea
water.
主可数，谓复数主不可数，谓单数
百分比+
of
+
主语
+
谓语动词
6.
其他短语串烧
①
take
away
from
从……带走
②
in
this
field
/
area
/
world
在这个领域
③
day
by
day
一天又一天地
④
use
sth.
for
doing
sth.
用某物做某事
⑤
be
covered
with
被……覆盖
⑥
natural
resources
自然资源
动词单数
+
名词复数
作名词短语
作主语，There
is
a
lot
to
see
at
the
party.
作宾语，He’s
given
her
a
lot
to
eat.
作表语，This
is
a
lot.
常＋to
do
作后置定语。
并列连词，“但是，而，然而”，表示转折关系.
引导时间状语从句，“当……时候”，所引导的从句只表示时间段。
while
through
prep.穿越，从……中间穿过
The
two
friends
were
walking
through
the
forest.
across
prep.横跨……，横穿
The
Great
Green
Wall
is
across
the
northwest
of
China.
cross
v.
横穿，如横过马路、过桥、过河等。Be
careful
when
you
cross
the
street.
n.
表格，形式
v.
形成，构成
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