Unit 3 Topic 2 Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures.教材全解

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
3
Topic
2
Some
things
usually
have
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.
一、重点词汇
stranger陌生人
thumb拇指
minibus小型公共汽车；中巴
flight航班飞机；空中航行
guidebook旅游指南（或手册）
whenever无论何时，在任何…的时候
board上（船、火车、飞机），住宿
bow点头，鞠躬
silence沉默；无声；使安静，压制
hip臀部；髋
praise表扬，赞扬
research研究，调查，探索
secret秘密
puzzled困惑的
victory胜利
misunderstanding误解，误会
typical典型的，有代表性的
differently不同地，有差异地
negative负面的，消极的
consider认为，以为；考虑到
honest诚实的，老实的，坦率的
positive正面的；乐观的
ancient古代的；古老的
magical奇妙的；有魔力的
creature生物；动物
emperor皇帝
compare比较，对比
courage能气；胆略
underline在(词语等下)画线；画底线标出
mistake错误，失误v误会，误解
make
mistakes犯错误
peacock雄孔雀
pride骄傲，自豪
wisdom智慧，精明
British英国的，英国人的
kowtow叩头，磕头；唯命是从
expression词语；表达；表情
spelling拼写；拼法
elevator电梯；升降机
pronunciation发音
cent分
cookbook烹饪书，烹饪菜谱
totally完全，全部地，整个地
二、重点词语
1.by
the
way
顺便说一下??
2.depend
on取决于……；依靠……
3.be
different
from与……不同?
4.succeed
in成功，达成
5.make
yourself
understood表达你自己的意思
6.on
one’s
way
to
在某人去……的路上
7.see
sb.
off给……送行
8.leave
for…前往某地/leave…for…离开…去…
9.in
twenty
minutes二十分钟之后
10.written
English笔头英语/oral
English英语口语
11.generally
speaking一般说来，大致上说
12.as
for
sb./sth.至于某人/某物
13.be
close
to…靠近……?????
14.in
person身体上，外貌上；亲自
15.be
found
of…爱好……
16.be
forced
to
do
sth.被迫做……/force
sb.to
do强迫某人做某事
17.even
worse
更糟的是
18.ask
for
a
ride搭乘，搭车
19.give
sb.
a
ride让某人搭便车
20.get
on上车
21.do
some
research做调查
22.at
times有时；间或
pare...to...把……比作……
三、重点句型
1.Is
Australia
English
the
same
as
British
English??
澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?
2.English
is
spoken
differently
in
different
English-speaking
countries.不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3.
For
example,
there
are
differences
between
British
English
and
American
English.例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。
4
I
can’t
believe
that
I’m
flying
to
Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5.I
hope
I
won’t
have
any
difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6.Whenever
you
need
help,
send
me
an-mail
or
telephone
me.无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7.Not
only
children
but
also
adults
enjoy
spending
their
holidays
in
Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
四、语法学习
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。
如：come,
go,
arrive,
leave,
fly,
start,
begin,
return,
open,
die
I’m
going.我要走了。??
When
are
you
starting?你什么时候动身？
Don’t
worry.
The
train
is
arriving
here
soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如：My
uncle
is
meeting
us
tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。
She
is
buying
a
new
bike
soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。
交际用语：谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言
1.I
can’t
follow
you.
Can
you
speak
more
slowly,
please?
2.Oh,
it
sounds
interesting.
3.If
you
want
to
succeed
in
making
yourself
understood,
you
need
to
know
some
of
these
differences
4.---What’s
up?
?????---The
foreigner
is
asking
for
a
ride.
5.Generally
speaking,
American
English
is
different
from
British
English
in
pronunciation
and
spelling.
五、知识点解析
Section
A
一、主题课文翻译
SectionA-1a
(Wang
Junfeng
and
his
parents
are
going
to
the
USA.
Michael
and
Kangkang
are
going
to
see
them
off.
Now
they
are
on
their
way
to
the
airport.)
（王俊峰和他的父母要去美国。迈克尔和康康去给他们送行。现在他们在去机场的路上。）
Wang
Junfeng:I
can't
believe
that
I'm
flying
to
Disneyland.
I'm
so
excited.
王俊峰：真不敢相信我就要飞往迪士尼了。我太激动了。
Kangkang:Of
course
you
are.
康康：当然了。
(Michael
sees
a
stranger
putting
out
hand
with
his
thumb
raised.)
（迈克尔看到一个陌生人拇指向上伸着手。）
Michael:Stop,
please!
迈克尔：麻烦停一下车！
Driver:What's
up?
司机：怎么了？
Michael:The
stranger
is
asking
for
a
ride.
Look
at
his
gesture!
迈克尔：这个陌生人想让我们载他一程。看他的动作。
(The
driver
stops
the
minibus.)（司机停下了面包车。）
Foreigner:Excuse
me,
could
you
please
give
me
a
ride
to
the
airport?外国人：打扰了，你们能带我去机场吗？
Driver:Sure.
We're
going
to
the
same
place.
Get
on,
please.
司机：可以。我们也要去机场。上车吧。
Foreigner:Thank
you
very
much.
外国人：非常感谢。
(They
reach
the
airport
twenty
minutes
later.)
（二十分钟以后他们到了机场。）
Kangkang:What
time
is
your
flight?
康康：你的飞机是什么时候？
Wang
Junfeng:At
5
o'clock.
My
uncle
is
meeting
us
tomorrow.
But
I'll
still
worried
about
my
English.
王俊峰：五点。我叔叔，明天来接我。但我还是很担心我的英语。
Kangkang:No
need
to
worry.
You
can
buy
the
guidebook,
A
Tour
in
the
USA.
康康：不用担心。你可以买一本旅游指南，《美国之行》。
Wang
Junfeng:Good
idea.
I
hope
I
won't
have
much
difficulty
in
communication.
王俊峰：好主意。希望我的交流不会有太大困难。
Michael:Whenever
you
need
help,
send
me
an
e-mail
or
call
me.
迈克尔：需要帮助的时候，就给我发邮件或者打电话。
Wang
Junfeng:Thank
you
very
much.
I
have
to
go
now.
Bye!
王俊峰：谢谢你们。我得走了。拜！
二、知识精解
1.
Michael
and
Kangkang
are
going
to
see
them
off.
see
sb.
off
“给某人送行”,
sb.只能放中间
see-saw-seen
2.
Now
they
are
on
their
way
to
the
airport.
on
one’s
way
to
在某人去…的路上
on
the
way在途中
lose
one’s
way
迷路
by
the
way
顺便说一下
巩固
地点副词home、here、there、abroad前面不能加介词。
3.
Michael
sees
a
stranger
putting
out
his
hand
with
thumb
raised.
(1)
put
out
伸出；扑灭
put-put-put
put
off
推迟
put
on
穿上
put
away
把…收起来
put
down
写下，记下
put
up
举起，张贴
with
+名词短语，表示伴随状语
raised
过去分词raised作为hand的后置定语，表示“被举起的”，被动
4.
The
stranger
is
asking
for
a
ride.
Could
you
give
me
a
ride
to
the
airport.
ask
sb.
for
a
ride
搭车，乘车
give
sb.
a
ride
让某人搭便车
5.
They
reach
the
airport
twenty
minutes
later.
later
常放在时间段的后面
after放在时间点或时间段的前面
6.
Get
on.
get
on
上车
get
off
下车
get
on
well
with
sb.
与某人相处融洽
7.
No
need
to
worry.
不用担心。
8.
Whenever
you
need
help,
send
me
an
e-mail
or
call
me.
whenever
无论什么时候
wherever无论哪里
however无论怎样
whatever无论什么
whoever无论是谁
9.
board
in
several
minutes.
board
v.
上(船、火车、飞机等)；住宿
n.
木板
一、主题课文翻译
Section
B
SectionB-1a
(Jane
meets
Kangkang
and
Yukio
at
the
school
gate.)
（简在学校门口遇到了康康和由纪夫。）
Jane:Hi,
Kangkang
and
Yukio!
简：嗨，康康，由纪夫！
Yukio:Hello,
Jane!
由纪夫：你好，简！
Kangkang:Yukio,
when
Jane
says
"Hi"
she
waves
her
hand,
but
when
you
say
"Hello"
you
bow.
康康：由纪夫，简说“嗨”的时候，她招了手，你说“你好”的时候，你是鞠的躬。
Yukio:In
Japan,
we
bow
when
we
are
saying
hello
as
a
sign
of
respect.
由纪夫：在日本，我们打招呼的时候会鞠躬，来表示对对方的尊敬。
Jane:In
Canada,
we
wave
as
a
sign
of
peace
and
feiendship.
简：在加拿大，我们招手来表示和平和友谊。
Kangkang:I
think
that
is
known
as
body
language.
We
use
body
language
to
communicate
how
we
feel,
even
if
there
is
silence.
康康：我觉得那就是肢体语言。即便安静的时候，我们也会用肢体语言来交流我们的感受。
Yukio:Did
you
notice
that
Miss
Wang
smiles
when
she
is
happy,
and
when
she
is
angry
she
put
her
hands
on
her
hips?
Then
I
know
whether
she
will
praise
or
punish
us.
由纪夫：你有没有注意到方老师高兴的时候就会笑，生气的时候就会把手放在身体两侧？那样我就会知道她是要表扬还是要惩罚我们。
Jane:When
my
little
sister
is
angry,
she
crosses
her
arms
and
stamps
her
foot!
简：我妹妹生气的时候就会双臂交叉跺着脚。
Kangkang:I
wonder
if
body
language
means
the
same
thing
in
all
cultures.
康康：我想知道肢体语言在所有文化中是不是同一个意思。
Jane:We
should
do
some
research.
People
could
communicate
better
if
they
knew
more
about
their
body
language.
简：我们应该调查一下。如果人们更加了解肢体语言，就能更好的沟通了。
Yukio:Let's
ask
Miss
Wang
and
Ms.
Jones
if
they
will
help
us
with
our
research.
由纪夫：我们问问方老师和琼斯老师，看她们会不会帮我们做调查。
Jane:That
is
a
good
idea.
Goodbye,
Kangkang.
Goodbye,
Yukio.
简：好主意。再见，康康。再见，由纪夫。
Kangkang
and
Yukio:Goodbye,
Jane.
康康和由纪夫：再见，简。
二、知识精解
1.
Yukio,
when
Jane
says
“Hi”
she
waves
her
hand,
but
when
you
say
“Hello”
you
bow.
wave
v.
招手示意；摇动；
波动
n.
波浪
wave
one’s
hand
招手
sea
wave
海浪
2.
In
Japan,
we
bow
when
we
are
saying
hello
as
a
sign
of
respect.
bow
点头；鞠躬
sign
迹象；符号；记号；手势
as
a
sign
of...
以示...
3.
I
think
that
is
known
as
body
language.
be
known
as
被认为是...;
以...著称
be
known
for
因...而著名
be
known
to
为某人所知
4.
We
use
body
language
to
communicate
how
we
feel,
even
if
there
is
silence.
(1)
even
if=even
though
即使，纵然
引导让步状语从句
(2)
silence
n.
沉默，无声
silence
v.
使安静，压制
silent
adj.
沉默的，无声的
5.
When
my
little
sister
is
angry,
she
crosses
her
arms
and
stamps
her
foot.
(1)
cross
v.
穿过(从表面);
交叉
across
prep.
穿过
(2)
stamp
n.
邮票
v.
跺
6.
I
wonder
if
body
language
means
the
same
thing
in
all
language.
wonder
n.
惊奇；奇迹
wonder
v.
怀疑；想知道；惊讶
wonderful
adj.
精彩的
I
wonder
if/whether+从句
我想知道是否...
7.
We
should
do
some
research.
(1)
research
n.&v.
研究，调查，探索
do
some
reach
on
sth.
(2)
search
搜索，搜寻
search
for
some
information
8.
To
avoid
misunderstanding,
you
should
study
both
spoken
and
body
language.
(1)
misunderstand
v.
误解
(2)
spoken
language
口头语言
(3)
body
language
肢体语言
(4)
written
language
书面语言
Section
C
一、主题课文翻译
SectionC-1a
Some
things
usually
have
different
meanings
in
differens
cultures.有些东西在不同文化中有不同的含义。Here
are
some
words
about
animals
that
are
used
differently
in
western
cultures
and
Chinese
culture.这里有一些关于动物的词语，在中国文化和西方文化中用法不同。Most
phrases
in
Chinese
about
the
dog,
such
as
"a
homeless
dog",
"a
mad
dog","a
running
dog"
and
"a
dog
catching
a
mouse",
have
negative
meanings.中国多数关于狗的短语，比如“丧家之犬”、“一条疯狗”、“走狗”和“狗逮耗子”，都是贬义词。But
in
western
countries,
dogs
are
considered
honest
and
good
friends
of
humans.但是在西方文化中，狗是人类忠实的好朋友。The
word,
"dog",
has
positive
meanings.“dog”这个单词有积极地含义。For
example,
"you
are
a
lucky
dog"
means
you
are
a
lucky
person.比如，“you
are
a
lucky
dog”的意思是你是一个幸运儿。And
"every
dog
has
its
day"
means
each
person
has
good
luck
at
times.“every
dog
has
its
day”的意思是每个人都有得意的时候。As
we
know,
dragons
are
very
important
in
Chinese
culture.我们知道，龙在中国文化中很重要。In
ancient
times,
dragons
were
regarded
as
strong
and
magical
creatures.古代，人们认为龙是具有魔法的强大生物。They
brought
hope
and
good
luck.它们能带来希望和好运。The
ancient
emperors
compared
themselves
to
dragons.古代皇帝把自己比作龙。Nowadays,
many
parents
want
their
children
to
become"dragons".现在，很多父母都望子成“龙”。But
in
western
cultures,
dragons
were
dangerous
animals.但是在西方文化中，龙是很危险的动物。Heroes
killed
them
to
protect
people.
英雄屠龙为了保护人们。Some
things
have
similar
meanings
in
Chinese
culture
and
western
cultures.有些东西在中国文化和西方文化中有相似的含义。The
rose
is
regarded
as
a
symbol
of
love
in
both
China
and
some
western
countries.在中国和一些西方国家，玫瑰都是爱情的象征。People
in
China
and
the
West
think
the
rose
also
stands
for
peace,
courage
and
friendship.中国和西方的人们认为玫瑰还代表着和平、勇气和友谊。When
we
pay
attention
to
the
cultural
meanings
of
words,
we
will
understand
them
better.我们关注词语的文化含义时，就能更好地理解它们。
二、知识精解
1.
Here
are
some
words
about
animals
that
are
used
differently
in
western
cultures
and
Chinese
culture.
to
do
for
doing
be
used
as
by
in
2.
But
in
western
countries,
dogs
are
considered
honest
and
good
friends
of
humans.
western
countries
西方国家
eastern
countries
东方国家
3.
The
word,
“dog”,
has
positive
meanings.
positive
meanings
褒义
negative
meaning
贬义
4.
You
are
a
lucky
dog.
你是个幸运儿！
5.“Every
dog
has
its
day”means
each
person
has
good
luck
at
times.
（1）Every
dog
has
its
day
凡人皆有得意时！
（2）
拓展
分开是一段，相连为某时；分开s是倍次，相连s为有时。some
time
一段时间
sometime
某个时候some
times
几次、几倍
sometimes
有时
6.
In
ancient
times,
dragons
were
regarded
as
strong
and
magical
creatures.
（1）ancient
古代的
（2）
be
regarded
as……
be
considered
as……
被当作/视为……
be
thought
of
as……
be
treated
as……
7.
The
ancient
emperors
compared
themselves
to
dragons.
compare
A
to
B
把A比作B
compare
A
with
B
把A和B进行对比
8.
The
rose
is
regarded
as
a
symbol
of
love
in
both
China
and
some
western
countries.
a
symbol
of
……
……的象征/标志
stand
for……
象征……
9.
When
we
pay
attention
to
the
cultural
meanings
of
words,
we
will
understand
them
better.
pay
attention
to
sth.
注意……
doing
sth
Section
D
一、主题课文翻译
SectionD-1a
English
is
spoken
by
people
in
many
places.很多地方的人们都说英语。It
began
in
England
but
spread
as
the
British
people
left
their
coutry
and
made
new
homes.英语起源于英格兰，但是英国人在其他地方定居时，传播了英语。Now,
English
is
the
language
spoken
by
most
people
in
countries
like
Canada,
America
and
Australia.
现在，在加拿大、美国和澳大利亚这样的国家，大多数人都说英语。After
many
years,
the
English
language
began
to
change.很多年后，英语开始发生改变。The
changes
were
maily
expressions
and
spellings.发生变化的主要是表达和拼写。Sometimes
different
people
use
different
words
to
mean
the
same
thing.有时候，不同的人用不同的单词来表达同一个意思。People
in
England
say
"underground"
while
people
in
America
say
"subway".英国人用“underground”来表示地铁，而美国人却用“subway”。In
America
an
elevater
starts
on
the
first
floor,
but
in
Britain
it
starts
on
the
ground
floor.美国电梯的第一层叫“first
floor”，而英国人则用“ground
floor”。"Colour"
and
"centre"
are
British
spellings
while"color"
and
"center"
are
American
spellings
for
the
same
words.同一个单词，“colour（颜色）”和“centre（中心）”是英国人的拼写方法，而“color”和“center”是美国人的拼写方法。Pronunciation
of
words
and
ways
of
speaking
have
changed
as
well.单词的发音和说话方式也发生了改变。It
is
possible
to
tell
whether
a
person
is
American
or
British
by
listening
to
his
or
her
speech.听一个人说话就可以判断他/她是美国人还是英国人。The
English
language
has
also
changed
by
borrowing
words
from
other
languages.英语的改变还体现在它会从其他语言中借词。The
Americans
borrowed
"cent"
from
old
French
and
"cookbook"
from
German.美国人从古法语中借用了“cent（分）”，从德语中借用了“cookbook（食谱）”。They
also
borrowed
"tofu"
and
"kowtow"
from
Chinese.他们还从汉语中借用了“tofu（豆腐）”和“kowtow（叩头）”。The
English
language
is
changing
all
the
time,
but
people
from
English-speaking
countries
are
still
able
to
understand
each
other.
英语一直都在改变着，但是以英语为母语的国家的人们依然能听懂彼此。
二、知识精解
1.
It
is
possible
to
tell
whether
a
person
is
American
or
British
by
listening
to
his
or
her
speech.
(1)
tell
在此句中做“分辨，辨认，辨识”之义
tell
…
from
从……中辨认
(2)
whether
用法
①
+
to
do
Eg.
I
wonder
whether
to
go
swimming
in
such
a
wet
day.
②
与or
not
连用
Eg.
Mary
is
not
sure
whether
she
should
cheat
in
the
exam
or
not.
③
前有介词
Eg.
I
am
thinking
about
whether
to
live
in
the
countryside.
2.
In
America
an
elevator
starts
on
the
first
floor,
but
in
Britain
it
starts
on
the
ground
floor.
On
the
ground
floor
英式英语,
指紧贴地面的那个楼层。它上面的一层叫做
first
floor
On
the
first
floor
美式英语,
first
floor
是指紧贴地面的楼层，它上面的一层是
second
floor.
3.
Sometimes,
I
can’t
follow
them.
follow
v.
◆
在句中相当于understand，意为“理解，明白”
◆
还可表示“遵守规则，效仿，跟得上”
4.
The
English
language
has
changed
little
in
the
past
few
centuries.
此处
little
做副词，修饰
change,
译为
“几乎一点儿都不”,除了修饰动词外亦可放于比较级前面修饰程度。
Eg.
The
patient's
condition
is
little
better
than
yesterday.
I
little
thought
that
you
had
done
it.
5.
重点短语串烧
(1)
borrow
sth.
from
sth./sb.
从……中借用
(2)
as
well
也
(3)
English
–
speaking
countries
说英语的国家
(4)
even
worse
更糟糕的是
=
what’s
worse
at
times
有时
on
time
准时
in
time
及时
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