Unit 4 Topic 1 Topic 1 When was it invented?教材全解

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
4
Topic
1
When
was
it
invented?
一、重点词汇
rocket火箭
metal金属
satellite卫星
spaceship宇宙飞船
lock锁v（用锁）锁，被锁住
laptop手提电脑
digital数码的，数字的
bulb电灯泡
airplane飞机
hard-wearing耐磨的
Korea朝鲜；韩国
invention发明，创造
list把…列表；n名单，清单，目录
crayon彩色铅笔（粉笔、蜡笔）等
thought想法，看法，主意
silly愚蠢的，傻的
brainstorm集思广益，头脑风暴
evaluate估值，评价，评估
detailed详细的
imagination想像力；想像
balloon气球；热气球
gun枪，炮
robot机器人
keyboard键盘
explorer探险者，勘探者
mark标示；记号v做记号，做标号
system体系，方法，制度
man-made人造的；非天然的
二、重点词汇：
1.
go
around???
环绕
2.
send…into…?
=send
up…into…??把……送入
3.
congratulations
on
sth??
祝贺某事
4.
be
proud
of?为……而自豪
?5.
be
moved
by?
为……而感动
6.
Thanks/Thank
you
for
+n./ving
sth???
感谢某人做的某事
7.
have
physical
examinations??做体检??
8.
in
good/bad
health??
处于好（不好）的身体状态
9.
can’t
help
doing?
情不自禁做……
10.
take
turn
to
(do
sth)?
轮流（做某事）
11.
no
doubt??
无疑地
12.
as
well
as?
除……的之外，也
13.
for
instance/example?
例如
14.
work
on?做……（方面）的工作
15.
depend
on/upon
依靠，依赖
16.
turn
on?打开
17.
turn
off?关掉
18.
turn
up
开大
19.
turn
down关小
20.
click
on?用鼠标点击
21.
look
forward
to
doing
sth?期待做某事
三、重点句型：
1.
Now
big
plans
are
being
made
to
send
up
more
satellites
and
even
build
a
space
station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至建造一个空间站。
(1)
句子“are
being
made”是现在进行时的被动语态，结构“be
being+过去分词”。
(2)
主动句中的宾补如果是不带to的不定式时，变成被动句后，成为主补的不定式必须带to,常见跟不带to的复合宾语的动词有see、feel、hear、make等。
2.
I’m
moved
by
what
Yang
Liwei
did.??
我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。
(1)
What
Yang
Liwei
did????是介词by的宾语从句，意为“杨利伟所做的事”
(2)
be
moved
by
为……而感动?
如：The
students
are
moved
by
the
old
man’s
story.同学们为那位老人的故事而感动。
3.
Generally
speaking,
we
are
in
good
health
now.一般来说，我们现在的健康状况良好。
(1)
generally
speaking??
“一般来说、大体上、大概”
(2)
in
good/bad
health???
处于好（不好）的身体状况。如:
He
has
a
cold,
he
is
always
in
bad
health.?
他感冒了，他的身体状况总是不好。
4.
We
couldn’t
help
looking
at
the
earth
again
and
again.我们忍不住再三地看着地球。?
(1)
can’t/couldn’t
help
doing
sth.?忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事。如：?
I
can’t
help
crying.?我忍不住哭了。
(2)
again
and
again?一再，屡次，如：
The
teacher
has
told
him
again
and
again.老师已屡次和他讲过了。
5.
I
was
able
to
fall
asleep
as
soon
as
I
got
into
the
sleeping
bag.
We
took
turns
to
have
a
rest.一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。
take
turns
to
(do
sth.)轮流（做某事）。
The
Browns
take
turns
to
look
after
the
baby.??
布朗一家轮流照看这个婴儿。
6.
It
has
proved
that
China
has
made
great
progress
in
developing
its
space
industry.这证明了中国航天业的发展已取得了巨大的进步。
It
has
proved
that…???
这证明了……
7.There
is
no
doubt
that
computers
are
widely
used
by
workers
in
business
and
technology.毫无疑问,电脑被商业,科技工作者广泛地应用.
There
is
no
doubt
that…?译为“毫无疑问”如:
There
is
no
doubt
that
we
should
protect
the
environment.毫无疑问我们应该保护环境。
8.
Computers
have
made
the
world
smaller,
like
a
“village”.电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“村庄”。
??
make+宾语+形容词????
“使……怎样”如：
We’ll
try
our
best
to
make
our
country
more
and
more
beautiful.我们将尽全力使我产的国家越来越美丽.
日常交际用语：
Congratulations!
Thanks
for
your
introduction.
Pleased
to
meet
you.???
=Nice
to
meet
you.
It’s
an
honor
to
interview
you
now.
What
do
you
think
of
ShenZhou
VI???
=What
are
your
thoughts
about
ShenZhou
VI?
四、重点语法：
宾语补足语:
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。
（一）、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：
1.We
call
him
Jim.（名词）
??我们叫他吉姆。
2.We
must
keep
our
school
clean
every
day.（形容词）我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
3.Call
him
in,
please.（副词）??
请叫他进来。
4.Leave
it
on
the
desk.（介词短语）??
把它留在课桌上。
（二）、动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况：
1.跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask,
tell,
get,
teach,
want,
invite,
like,
allow,
wish,
encourage等。如：Tell
Jane
to
sing
us
a
song.叫简给我们唱支歌。
2.跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen
to,
hear）,三让（make,
let,
have）,四看（look
at,
see,
watch,
notice）如：
Let’s
have
a
rest.让我们休息一会儿。
但这种结构变成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：
He
was
seen
to
leave
the
room
with
a
book
in
his
hand.有人见他手拿着一本书离开这个房间。
3.跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：
Can
you
help
me
(to)
wash
my
clothes
??你能帮我洗衣服吗？
（三）、分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况。
1.现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表示正在发生的动作。可跟这类补足语的动词有：see,
watch,
hear等。如：
I
hear
somebody
singing
in
the
next
room.我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。
2.过去介词作宾语补足语，经常表示被动。如：
You
need
to
have
your
hair
cut.你需要理发了。
五、知识点解析
Section
A
一、主题课文翻译
SectionA-1a
Kangkang:Jane,
why
are
you
unhappy?康康：简，你怎么不高兴啊？
Jane:Because
I
was
not
allowed
to
play
computer
games
last
night.简：因为我昨天晚上没玩成电脑游戏。
Kangkang:It's
bad
for
your
health
if
you
spend
too
much
time
on
them.康康：你如果花太多时间玩游戏的话会有损健康。
Jane:Maybe
you're
right.简：或许你说得对。
(Kangkang
shows
a
model
to
Jane.)（康康给简看了一个模型。）
Kangkang:Look
at
this.康康：你看。
Jane:A
model
rocket!
Who
made
it?简：一个火箭模型！谁做的？
Kangkang:It
was
made
by
me.康康：我做的。
Jane:Wow!
What's
it
made
of
?简：哇！它是用什么做成的？
Kangkang:It's
made
of
metal.
Do
you
know
what
a
rocket
is
used
for?康康：用金属做成的。你知道火箭是用来
干什么的吗？
Jane:Sure.
It's
used
for
sending
satellites
or
spaceships
into
space.简：当然啦。它是用来把卫星或宇宙飞船发往太空的。
Kangkang:You're
right.
I've
learned
a
lot
about
spaceships
from
Mr.
Brown
and
then
I
made
this
model
rocket.
I
wish
I
could
go
into
space
some
day.康康：是的。我从布朗先生那里学到了很多关于太空飞船的知识，然后我就做了这个火箭模型。我希望有一天能够飞往太空。
Jane:I
hope
your
dream
will
come
true.简：祝你愿望成真。
二、知识精解
1.
Because
I
was
not
allowed
to
play
computer
games
last
night.
be(not)
allowed
to
do
sth.
(不)被允许做某事
allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
allow
doing
sth.允许做某事
2.
It’s
bad
for
your
health
if
you
spend
too
much
time
on
them.
be
bad
for
It's+adj+（for/of
sb）+to
do
sth.
做某事对于某人来说是...
3.
Kangkang
shows
a
model
to
Jane.
(1)
show
sb.
sth
=show
sth.
to
sb.
给某人展示某物
show
sb.
around
带某人参观
on
show
展出、上演
(2)
Kangkang
shows
a
model
to
Jane.
=
Kangkang
shows
Jane
a
model.
转为被动语态：Jane
is
showed
a
model
by
Kangkang.
带双宾语句子的被动语态。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加for或to,
有buy,
give,
leave,
lend,
offer,
pay,?show,?teach,?tell等词。
Eg:
1.
He
gave
me
(间接宾语)
a
book(直接宾语).
——
I
(间宾)
was
given
a
book
by
him.
——
A
book
(直宾)
was
given
to
me
by
Tom.
2.
I
bought
him
a
book.
——
He
was
bought
a
book
by
me.
——
A
book
was
bought
for
him
by
me.
4.
It
was
made
by
me.
What’s
it
made
of?
What’s
the
paper
made
from?
be
made
of
“由…做成”，of看得出原材料
be
made
from“由…做成”，from看不出原材料
be
made
by“被谁制作的”
be
made
in
“在哪里制作的”
be
made
up
of
“由…组成”
5.
It’s
used
for
sending
satellites
or
spaceships
into
space.
(1)
be
used
for
(doing)
sth.
/to
do
sth“被用来做”
be
used
as“被用做”
be
used
by“被谁所用”
used
to
do
sth.
“过去常常做某事”
be/get
used
to
doing
sth.
“习惯于做某事”
(2)
send
into
“把…送入”
send
up
“发射,
长出”
send
for
“派人去请(拿)”
6.
I
hope
your
dream
will
come
true.
come
true
实现，主语为sth.，而realize
和achieve主语为人。
make
one’s
dream
realized/real实现某人的梦想
realize/achieve
one’s
dream.实现某人的梦想
Section
B
一、主题课文翻译
SectionB-1a
Michael:Look,
a
light
bulb!迈克尔：看，一个灯泡！
Jane:Yeah.
it
is
widely
used
by
people
everywhere.
Do
you
know
when
it
was
invented?简：嗯。现在各地的人们都广泛使用灯泡。你知道灯泡是什么时候发明的吗？
Michael:It
was
invented
in
1879.迈克尔：是1879年。
Jane:Who
invented
it?简：谁发明的？
Michael:Thomas
Edison.
It's
said
that
he
invented
more
than
two
thousand
things
during
his
life.迈克尔：托马斯·爱迪生。据说他一生中发明了两千多种东西。
Jane:What
about
the
radio?简：那收音机呢？
Michael:The
radio
was
invented
by
Guglielmo
Marconi
in
1895.
Jane,
let's
go
this
way.
Look!
An
airplane,
but
it's
different
form
today's.迈克尔：收音机是由古列尔莫·马可尼在1895年发明的。简，我们走这边。看！有一架飞机，不过它跟现在的飞机不一样。
Jane:Yes.
It
was
invented
by
Wilbur
and
Orville
Wright
in
1903.简：是的。这是威尔伯和奥威尔·莱特在1903年发明的。
二、知识精解
1.
It’s
said
that
he
invented
more
than
two
thousand
things
during
his
life.
(1)
It’s
said
that:
据说
It
says
that:
写着；说到...
(2)
during
one’s
life
=
in
one’s
life
在某人的一生
2.
Jane,
let’s
go
this
way.
go
this
way
=
take/come
this
way
=
This
way,
please.
走这边
Look!
An
airplane,
but
it’s
different
from
today’s.
(1)
A
be
different
from
B
A
be
different
from
B
in
sth.
There
are
some
differences
between
A
and
B
(2)
A
be
the
same
as
B
A
be
similar
to
B
At
that
time,
they
didn’t
call
jeans
and
they
were
just
hard-wearing
pants
designed
for
workers.
(1)
at
that
time
在那时
用过去时态
(2)
design
for...
为......设计
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.
我的新裙子和她的相似。
My
new
dress
is
hers.
2.
在那时，牛仔裤是为工人设计的。
At
that
time,
jeans
for
workers.
Section
C
SectionC-1a
An
invention
may
be
a
new
product
or
a
new
way
of
doing
things.
Inventions
come
about
in
many
ways.一项发明可以是一种新产品或者一种做事的新方法。发明会以各种方式出现。
Most
of
the
time,
inventions
happen
because
someone
works
to
solve
a
problem.
Sometimes
inventions
are
the
result
of
accidents.
Look
at
your
schoolbags.
You
have
pencils,
pens,
crayons,
rulers
and
some
books.
None
of
these
things
was
planted
in
fields.
They
were
made
in
factories
and
invented
by
someone.多数情况下，出现一项发明是因为有人努力去解决一个问题。有时候发明是意外的结果。看看你的书包。你有铅笔、钢笔、蜡笔、尺子和一些书。这些东西没有一样是天然存在的。它们是在工厂里制造出来，被人们发明出来的。
Inventing
is
interesting
and
exciting
and
everyone
can
be
an
inventor.发明既有趣又令人兴奋，每个人都可以是一位发明家。
Do
you
want
to
be
an
inventor?
These
are
a
few
simple
steps
to
follow
in
the
invention
process.你想成为发明家吗？这些是在发明过程中要经历的一些简单步骤。
You
can
have
wild
and
crazy
thoughts.
Remember
that
no
idea
is
too
silly.
Many
people
laughed
at
the
Wright
brothers
and
said
they
would
never
fly.
But
they
weren't
discouraged
by
what
people
said.
That's
why
now
we
have
planes.你可以有疯狂又大胆的想法。记住没有什么想法是愚蠢的。很多人曾嘲笑莱特兄弟，说他们永远都飞不起来。但是他们并没有被人们的话打击。所以现在我们有了飞机。
Careful
planning
is
important
in
the
invention
process.
This
is
the
time
to
brainstorm
for
idea
and
to
evaluate
them.
认真计划是发明过程中很重要的一点。也就是说要集思广益，评估观点。
Make
a
detailed
drawing
of
your
invention
so
others
will
understand
how
your
invention
works.
Make
a
model
of
your
invention.
See
if
your
invention
works
as
it
is
planned.
If
not,
do
more
research,
redesign
it,
and
test
it
again.
把你的发明详细画出来，这样别人就能懂它是如何运作的。为你的发明做一个模型。看你的发明是否能像计划的那样工作。如果不能，就继续研究，重新设计，再次测试。
Every
invention
needs
a
name.
Share
your
inventions
with
others.每项发明都需要名字。跟大家分享你的发明。
二、知识精解
1.
An
invention
may
be
a
new
product
or
a
new
way
of
doing
things.
may
be
可能是
must
be
一定是
can
be
很可能是
2.
Inventions
come
about
in
many
ways.
come
about
通常与“how”同时出现,
常用于疑问句、否定句。
发生
happen
（无被动）take
place
3.
There
are
a
few
simple
steps
to
follow
in
the
invention
process.
follow
steps
遵循步骤
rules
遵守规则
4.
Many
people
laughed
at
the
Wright
brothers
and
said
they
would
never
fly.
laugh
n
笑声
（可数）
v.
笑
laugh
at
sb./sth.
嘲笑/
讥笑
5.
But
they
weren't
discouraged
by
what
people
said.
discourage
doing
sth
使……沮丧/
阻止……
encourage
sb
to
do
sth
鼓励某人去做某事
courage
n.
勇气
6.
Share
your
inventions
with
others.
share
sth.
with
sb.
与......分享......
Section
D
SectionD-1a
Where
Are
We?
?我们在哪里？
Where
are
we?
?我们在哪里？
That
was
a
big
question
when
we
first
explores
our
world
long
ago.很久以前人们刚开始探索世界的时候这是一个很困难的问题。
The
early
explorers
found
that
the
stars
in
the
sky
were
good
guiding
marks.早期的探索家发现天空中的星星是很好的标记。
Using
the
stars,
they
could
find
out
where
they
were
and
in
which
direction
they
were
going.通过星星，他们能够知道自己在哪里，在往哪个方向前进。
This
method
worked
well
at
night
as
long
as
the
weather
was
good
and
the
stars
could
be
seen.只要天气晴朗，星星清晰可见，这种方法就很有效。
But
it
didn't
work
so
well
during
the
rest
of
the
time.
但是其他时间效果就不太好了。
That
was
a
problem.这是个问题。
Today,
the
problem
has
been
solved
by
the
Global
Positioning
System(GPS).现在，这个问题已经被全球定位系统（GPS）解决了。
It
is
like
a
man-made
star.
?它就像是人造星星。
We
can
use
it
at
any
time,
in
any
place
and
in
any
weather
to
find
out
our
position.我们随时随地、在任何天气状况下都能用它找到我们的位置。
It
can
also
be
used
to
study
the
shape
of
the
earth.它还可以用来研究地球的形状。
The
GPS
is
a
great
invention
that
helps
us
explore
our
planet
and
discover
where
we
are.全球定位系统是一个很伟大的发明，能够帮助我们探索地球，寻找位置。
二、知识精解
1.
That
was
a
big
question
when
we
first
explored
our
world
long
ago.
The
early
explorers
found
that
the
stars
in
the
sky
were
good
guiding
marks.
explore
v.
冒险
explorer
n.
冒险者，冒险家
2.
Using
the
stars,
they
could
find
out
where
they
were
and
in
which
direction
they
were
going.
find
out
找到
(代词放中间)
find
them
out
3.
This
method
worked
well
at
night
as
long
as
the
weather
was
good
and
the
stars
could
be
seen.
as
long
as
只要，和……一样长
被动语态
be
+
done
4.
But
it
didn’t
work
so
well
during
the
rest
of
the
time.
work
well
有效，工作得好，运行得好
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