2022届一轮复习译林版高中英语：必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past 知识点 学案（含答案）
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译林版高中英语：必修三 Unit 3 Back to the past 知识点学案
一、重点单词与短语：
1. civilization n. 文明，开化 [u]；文化，文明社会 [c]
contemporary American civilization 当代美国文明
the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马的文明
▲civil adj. 公民的，国民的；国内的；文明的
▲civilian n. 平民，老百姓
▲civilize vt. 开化，教育，使文明
▲civilized adj. 文明的，开化的，有教养的
典题赏析：
1) The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _______.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2) —How do you feel about your training in wild fields?
—Well, it’s good to get back to after living in a tent for two weeks.
A. contribution B. conclusion C. combination D. civilization
2. lecture n. 讲座 [c]
①give a lecture 作讲座
②attend a lecture 听讲座
典题赏析：
1)The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.【江苏卷】
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
3. found vt. 兴建，创建；成立，建立
▲founder n. 创立者，创始人；缔造者；奠基人
辨析：
1) found-founded-founded
2) find-found-found（找到，发现）
典题赏析：
1) Tsinghua University, _______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.【福建卷】
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
4. take over 夺取，接管
①take on 接受；雇佣；呈现，具有；承担，从事；同……较量，接受……的挑战
②take after像……
③take aim 瞄准
④take along 随身携带
⑤take apart 拆开
⑥take away 拿走，带走，夺去
⑦take back 收回，拿回，带回
⑧take...by surprise 使……吃惊；出奇兵攻占
⑨take care of 照顾，照料
⑩take charge (of) 掌管，负责
take down 记下，录下；拿下，咽下；拆卸，拆毁
take exercise 运动
take food 进食，吃东西
take...for... 把……误认为……
take great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
take in 欺骗；摄取；接受，接纳，收容；吸收，领会，理解；改小；包含，包括
take in one’s arm 拥抱
take it easy 别紧张，别着急，放心好了
take lessons in 跟人学习
take...lying down 甘受
take medicine 服药，吃药
take off 脱掉；成功；起飞
take on a new look 呈现新貌
take one’s place 就位，就座；坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务
take one’s time 不急，慢慢干
take out 拿出，取出；带……出去
take pride in 以……自豪；对……感到得意
take part in 参加，参与
take photos 照相
take place 发生，产生；举行，进行
take possession of 占有，拥有
take sides in 站在……一边
take…for granted? 认为……当然
take the place of 代替，取代，顶替
take the train 乘火车
take to 喜欢，开始喜欢；开始，开始于；养成……的习惯
take turns 替换，轮流
take up 拿起，着手处理，开始从事于；继续；占，占去，占据
take up arms 拿起武器
take advantage of 利用
take hold of 抓住
take?effect?奏效
take office 就职
take notice of 注意；留心
take?notes 记录，记笔记
take a boat 坐船
take a bus 乘公共汽车
take a photo/picture 照相
take a seat 坐下
take a taxi 打的
take a walk 散步
take an action 采取行动
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
典题赏析：
1) _______ over the company, he was very busy.
A. Take B. Having been taken C. Having taken D. Taking
2) Why do you _______ a part-time job?
A. take away B. take in C. take out D. take on
3) In English, there are many words _______ from other languages.
A. to take in B. taking in C. taken in D. have been taken in
4) We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all _______. 【安徽卷】
A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up
5) After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _______ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
6) —I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.
— _______. 【重庆卷】
A. Don’t be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time
7) I _______ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. 【江西卷】
A. make B. look C. take D. think
8) Don’t be _______ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A. taken off B. taken out C. take away D. taken in
9) —I’m sorry I made a mistake..
— _______. Nobody is perfect.【全国卷】
A. Take your time B. You’re right C. Whatever you say D. take it easy
5. volcano n. “火山”，其复数加s或es.。
类似：zero, motto, mango等。
6. decorate vt. 装饰，装潢
①decorate…with… 用……装饰……
②be decorated with… 被装饰有……
典题赏析：
1) The hall is _______ with flowers.
A. supplied B. decorated C. buried D. covered
2) The children _______ the Christmas tree _______ many colour lights.
A. covered; with B. provided; with C. decorated; with D. occupied; with
7. destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁；歼灭，消灭；打破，破灭（希望，计划）
They’ve destroyed all the evidence. 他们毁坏了所有的证据。
The injured dog had to be destroyed. 那条受伤的狗不得不被杀死。
All her hopes were destroyed. 她所有的希望落空了。
▲destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 [u]
▲destructive adj. 破坏性的
辨析：damage，destroy，ruin与harm的区别
1) damage“损害，伤害”，不可数名词或动词，可修复。
2) destroy“毁/破坏”，动词，不可修复。
3) ruin“毁坏/灭”，不可修复，还可用于抽象的比喻中。
4) harm“伤害，损害”不可数名词或动词，一般指对身心健康的损害。
8. ruin n. 废墟，遗迹（复）；毁灭，崩溃
vt. 破坏，毁灭
the ruins of Rome 古罗马遗迹
ruin one’s hopes 使希望破灭
ruin one’s health 把身体搞坏
ruin oneself 毁了自己
①in ruins 成为废墟
②bring…to ruin 使……毁灭，使……没落
典题赏析：
1) I’m afraid you will _______ your bright future if you continue to be so casual on your work.
A. destroy B. harm C. ruin D. damage
2) He was lucky in the accident, but his _______ car is still under repair.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. hurt D. damaged
3) All his hopes were _______.
A. damaged B. ruined C. spoiled D. destroyed
4) The _______ to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
A. damage B. destruction C. harm D. ruin
5) His bike was so badly _______ that it couldn抰 be repaired at all.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. damaging
9. remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸，尸体
▲remain vi. 留存，剩余；逗留；仍然是
1) 剩余，留存
After the fire, very little remained of the house.
大火过后，那所房子几乎什么也没有剩下。
2) 逗留，居住
I wish you to remain. 我希望你留下来。
?3) “仍然是，依旧是，保持不变”，连系动词，后接名词，形容词，分词及介词短语。
?????????Peter become a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是渔夫。
?????????He remains poor. 他依旧贫穷。
He asked us to remain seated. 他请求我们呆在座位上。
①remain to be + n./adj.
②Sth. remains to be done 某事有待于去做。
③It remains to be seen whether… 是否……有待于进一步来看；是否……还要看情况发展。
④It only remains for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说要做的事只是……。
辨析:
一) remaining与left的区别：
?? ?二者都可作形容词，表示“剩余的”。
1) remaining放在被修饰的名词之前。
2) left放在被修饰名词之后。
He used his remaining money to buy a book. 他用剩余的钱买了本书。
There is a little time left. 还剩下一点时间。
二) remain，stay与keep的区别：
1) remain继续保持或处于原来的状态；也指别的人或物已不在，而某物/人仍在原处。
Tom has become manager of the company while Jim remains a clerk.
汤姆已成为公司的经理而吉姆仍旧是个职员。
All went but I remained. 大家都走了，但我留了下来。
2) stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与remain相同，但不接to do或to be done；也指在某地暂住一段时间。
The weather stays fine today. 今天天气仍旧晴朗。
He stayed at the hotel for three days. 他在旅馆住了三天。
3) keep需要一定的努力才能保持或处于某种状态。
You should take more exercise to keep fit. 要保持健康，你需要加强锻炼。
典题赏析：
1) It was already past midnight and only three young men _______ in the teahouse. 【安徽卷】
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted
2) It remains _______ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. 【浙江卷】
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
3) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
4) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _______ poor. 【上海卷】
A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues
5) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______ now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
6) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
7) _______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains
8) They might just have a place _______ on the writing course――why don’t you give it a try? 【全国卷】
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
10. beneath prep. 在……之下，在……正下方；有失……的身份，不值得；
（身份，地位）低于
adv. 在下面，在底下
The ground beneath my feet was soft. 我脚下的地是柔软的。
He considers such jobs beneath him. 他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。
A captain is beneath a major. 上尉的职位低于少校。
The valley lies beneath. 山谷就在底下。
①beneath notice 不值得注意
②beneath sb. 有失某人的身份
辨析：beneath, below与under的区别
1) beneath“在……之下”，既可以指垂直和不垂直的上下关系，也可表示上下接触之意。反义词为：above/on。
Now the bridge is beneath the plane. 现在桥在飞机的正下方。
All the fields are beneath the plane. 所有的田地都在飞机的下面。
Such words are beneath you. 这种话有失你的身份。
2) below“在……之下”，指低于某物，不一定在正下方。反义词为：above。
The sun has sunk below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线之下。
3) under“在……之下”，指在某物的垂直下方。反义词为：over。
The box is under the table. 盒子在桌子下。
11. complain?vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉
①complain about/of 抱怨/投诉……
②complain of 抱怨/投诉……；诉说有……病痛
③complain to sb. about/of 向某人抱怨/投诉……
④complain that… 抱怨/投诉……
She is always complaining about something. 她老是抱怨这抱怨那。
She will complain of us if we make more noise. 如果我们再吵闹，她将投诉我们。
Dan has been complaining of severe headaches. 丹总是说头疼得厉害。
He complained to the police of the boys stealing his apples. 他向警方控告那些男孩偷他的苹果。
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
▲complaint n. 抱怨，不满，牢骚 [c/u]
⑤a letter of complaint 投诉信
⑥make a complaint about/of 抱怨/投诉……
⑦make/lay a complaint against… 对……进行投诉
12. historical adj. 历史的，与历史研究有关的?
▲historic adj. 有历史意义的
▲history n. 历史
historical events 历史事件 historic sites 历史遗址
典题赏析：
1) The _______ Nanchang Uprising is the symbol of our formal fight against the enemy.
A. history B. historic C. historical D. histories
13. carry out 实施，执行，进行，开展，履行，完成，实现
①carry on 继续开展，进行下去，坚持下去
②carry away 运走，拿走
③carry back 运回，拿回；使回想起
④carry off 夺去……的生命，强行带走；轻而易举地完成
⑤carry through 进行（到底），贯彻；使渡过
⑥carry it 获胜
⑦carry into effect 实行，实现
典题赏析：
1) The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _______ their discussion.【天津卷】
A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on
2) —It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _______ the plan?
—I think Tom and Greg will. 【京皖卷】
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
3) The film La La Land _______ six of the top prizes at the 89th Academy Awards, with Emma Stone taking home a big win for Best Actress.
A. carried through B. carried on C. carried out D. carried off
14. fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的，庆幸的 (反：unfortunate)
①be fortunate in 在……方面很幸运；为有……而幸福
②be fortunate to do sth. 幸运地干某事
③It is fortunate of sb. to do sth. 干某事某人是幸运的。
④It is fortunate that… ……是幸运的。
▲fortunately adv. (反：unfortunately)
▲fortune n. 大笔的钱，财富 [c]；运气，好运 [c]；机会，命运 [u]
⑤make a fortune 发财
⑥have good/bad fortune 运气好/不好
⑦tell sb. sb.’s fortune 给某人算命
⑧seek one’s fortune 碰运气，离家闯天下
典题赏析：
1) What ______! He's found ______ job in Beijing.
A. a good fortune; such a good B. a good fortune; so a good
C. good fortune; such good a D. good fortune; so good a
②The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large ______.
A. fortune B. luck C. money D. amount
15. declare vt. 宣布，宣告，宣称
①declare war on a state 向某国宣战
②declare for 表态支持
③declare against 表态反对
辨析：declare与announce
1) declare 指正式而明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，声明”，侧重于当众发表，多用于宣判，宣战，议和等。
2) announce 强调正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重预告诉人们所关心感兴趣的事情。
The two countries declared war. 那两个国家宣战了。
The government announced that electricity charges would go up. 政府宣布电价将上涨。
They announced their wedding in the newspaper. 他们在报纸上宣布了他们的婚礼。
典题赏析：
1) We have time and again _______ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. declared B. announced C. voiced D. informed
2) The result of this examination will be _______ tomorrow.
A. published B. declared C. announced D. opened
3) _______ the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan.
A. It announces that B. It is announced that C. It declares that D. It declared
16. in memory of = in honour of 纪念
典题赏析：
1) The local government built a monument _______ those who lost their life in the war.
A. in need of B. in praise of C. in favor of D. in memory of
2) It is _______ great honor for a country to host the Olympic Games. A great celebration was held in _______ honor of the event.
A. /; / B. a; / C. /; / D. /; the
3) A common memory they all have _______ their school days is the school uniform. 【福建卷】
A. of B. on C. to D. with
17. educate vt. 教育，培养，训练
▲education n. 教育 [u/c]
▲educated adj. 受过教育的，有教养的
18. doubt vt. & vi. 怀疑，疑问
①doubt sb./sth.
I doubt his honesty. 我怀疑他的诚实。
在肯定句中，后接从句时用if/whether引导。
②doubt
在否定句、疑问句中，后接从句时用that引导。
I doubt if/whether he will come. 他是否要来我感到怀疑。
I don’t doubt that he will come. 我不怀疑他要来。
Do you doubt that he will come? 你怀疑他要来吗？
注：在肯定句中用that引导，doubt意为“看来……不会/未必”。
??? I doubt that John will come. 我看约翰未必会来。
????? ? n. 怀疑，疑惑 [u/c]
③in doubt 怀疑，不肯定
④without/no/beyond doubt 毫无疑问地，肯定地
⑤make no doubt of 对……毫不怀疑
⑥throw/cast doubt on/upon 对……产生怀疑
⑦have no doubt about… 对……不怀疑
⑧have no doubt that… 对……不怀疑
⑨There is no doubt about…? 对……没有疑问；对……毫无疑问
⑩There is no doubt that… ……是肯定的；……是毫无疑问的；无疑……
▲doubtful?adj. 怀疑的，可疑的
▲doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，可疑地
▲doubtless?adj.??无疑的
典题赏析：
1) There is no doubt _______ the computer is a great invention.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
2) I _______ whether these people can hold together.
A. doubt B. suspect C. think D. know
3) —Tom was Kate’s brother!
— _______ he reminded me so much of Kate.
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
19. rise up against 起义，反抗
20. stand in one’s path/way 阻碍（某人）
21. ahead adv. （时间、空间）在前面；提前，预先；领先
adj. 在前的，在前头 ；未来，达到未来
①ahead of 在……之前；胜过，超过
②push ahead with 义无反顾地进行
③get ahead 进步，成功，胜过
④look ahead 向前看
⑤go ahead 前进，往前走；先走；取得进展；继续下去；请吧，用吧，干吧，说下去
典题赏析：
1) He is far _______ his class in English.
A. ahead B. ahead of C. ahead in D. head
2) —May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
— _______.【四川卷】
A. Come on B. Take care C. Go ahead D. Hold on
3) More efforts, as reported, ______ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
【江苏卷】
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
22. come down with 患（病）
23. vast adj.“辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的；大量的”，如海洋，沙漠等。
the vast sea/desert 宽阔的海洋/辽阔的沙漠
辨析：与enormous，huge，big，large和great的区别
1) enormous adj.“巨大的，庞大的”，指超过寻常的。
an enormous beast 庞大的野兽
2) huge adj.“巨大的”，强调体形而非重量。
a huge animal/computer
3) big adj.“大的”，指具体事物，多指体积之大；还可表示“巨大的，伟大的，重要的”。
（反：little）
He is a big man. 他是个大人物。
China is a big country. 中国是个大国。（强调实力）
4) large adj.“大的”多指面积。（反：small）
China is a large country. 中国是个大国。
5) great adj.“巨大的，伟大的，重大的”，除表数量，体积之外，又指抽象程度。（反：little/small）
China is a great country. 中国是个伟大的国家。
He has made great progress. 他已取得了巨大的进步。
24. salary?n. 薪金，薪水 [u/c]
It’s bad manners to ask other’s salary if you are not very familiar.
如果你们不是很熟的话，问别人的薪水是不礼貌的。
辨析：salary，wage，pay，fee，income，fare与bonus的区别
1) salary n.“薪金，薪水”[u/c]，指定期发给某人月薪、年薪。
Your salary will be 100,000 yuan a year. 你的年薪为10万元。
2) wage n.“工资，工钱，薪水，报酬 (复）”，指每日、周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。
A postman’s wages are＄60 per week. 一个邮递员的工资是每周60美元。
3) pay n.“薪水，工资”[u]，最普通用语。特指海陆军人及其它在政府部门工作者的薪水。
His job is hard work, but the pay is good. 她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。
4) fee n.“手续费，薪水”，指付给律师，医师或其他专业人员的谢金，学费等。
There is no entrance fee to the gallery. 这家美术馆不收门票。
5) income n.“收益，收入，进款 [u/c]”。
His income is well below the average. 他的收入大大低于平均水平。
6) fare n.“车费，船费；飞机票价 [u/c]”。
The conductor began to collect fares. 售票员开始收车费。
Fares are cheap, starting at 1yuan. 票价便宜，一元起价。
7) bonus n.“奖金”，指分给员工的“奖金”。
She is expecting a New Year bonus to buy a coat. 她期待着在元旦得到一笔奖金买件外套。
典题赏析：
1) He received a monthly _______ of 1,300 yuan.
A. wage B. money C. salary D. pay
2) He gets his _______ on Fridays.
A. salary B. wage C. wages D. salaries
3) The lawyer’s _______ was higher than we expected.
A. fare B. fee C. salary D. wage
25. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的，明白的
①be aware of 知道/明白/意识到……
②be aware that… 知道/明白/意识到……
▲awareness n. 知道，晓得 [u]
典题赏析：
1) It was several minutes before I was _______ of what was happening.
A. know B. realise C. wear D. aware
2) We must be clearly _______ that English has been a must in international trade.
A. known B. aware C. realised D. seen
26. have enough of 受够了……；对……感到厌烦
典题赏析：
1) — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
—You can’t _______ your responsibilities.
A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run away from
二、重点句型：
1. Near the city was a volcano. 离城市不远是座火山。
分析：此句是一个完全倒装句。当表示方位意义的副词或介词短语here, there, now, then, under, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等位于句首作状语，谓语动词为come, go, run, rush, be, stand, lie, sit等时，句子使用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来啦。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
Away flew the plane. 飞机飞走了。
On the wall hangs a picture. 墙上挂着一幅图画。
On the top of the mountain lies a temple. 山顶有座庙。
但：如果主语为人称代词时，则不用倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
Here you are. 给你。
Here it is. 哦，在这。
In she came. 她进来了。
典题赏析：
1) John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before. 【陕西卷】
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
2) For a moment nothing happened. Then _______ all shouting together. 【福建卷】
A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come
3) By the side of the Bird’s Nest _______, completed in 2008.
A. there standing the Water Cube B. does the Water Cube stand
C. the Water Cube stands D. stands the Water Cube
4) At the foot of the mountain _______.
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
2. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city.
很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。
分析：
一）句中形容词alive作状语。一般地说，形容词在句子中可以作表语、定语、宾补等成分。但一些形容词还可以在句中作原因、时间、伴随或方式状语。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.
因为害怕困难，他们走了条容易走的路。
They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
他们在风雪里度过了七天，饥寒交迫。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷藏在角落里，担心被擒获。
Ripe, these apples are sweet. 这些苹果熟了的时候很甜.
典题赏析：
1) The sailors returned a month later, _______.
A. felt ill, tired and unhappy B. illness, tiredness and unhappiness
C. feeling ill, tiresome and unhappy D. ill, tired and unhappy
2) _______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【全国卷】
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
二）句中“so was the city”结构为倒装，表示前者情况适应于后者。
1）在表示前者情况适应于后者时：
①在肯定句中，我们用“so + be/have/助/情 + 主语”，so意为“也，同样”。
Tom is a boy, so is Jim. 汤姆是个男孩，吉姆也是。
You have been there, and so has he. 你到过那儿，他也到过。
You speak Chinese, so do I. 你讲汉语，我也讲汉语。
He went home yesterday, so did I. 昨天他回家了，我也回了。
You can speak English, so can I. 你会讲英语，我也会。
但：If she wants to go, so will I. 如果她想要去，我也去。
②在否定句中，我们用“neither/nor + be/have/助/情 + 主语”，neither/nor意为“也不”。
Tom isn’t a student, neither/nor is Jim. 汤姆不是学生，吉姆也不是。
You haven’t been there, neither/nor has he. 你没到过那儿，他也没到过。
You don’t speak Chinese, neither/nor do I. 你不讲汉语，我也不讲。
He didn’t go home yesterday, neither/nor did I. 昨天他没有回家，我也没有。
You can’t speak English, neither/nor can I. 你不会讲英语，我也不会。
但：If she don’t want to go, neither/nor will I. 如果她不想要去，我也不去。
③不论是在肯定句还是在否定句中，尤其是在前面句子中既有肯定又有否定或既有连系动词又有实义动词、情态动词的情况时，我们用“so it is/was with…或it is/was the same with…”。
Tom likes fish but doesn’t like meat, so it is with Jim/it is the same with Jim.
汤姆喜欢鱼但不喜欢肉，吉姆也是如此。
Tom was a boy and studied hard, and so it was with Jim/it was the same with Jim.
汤姆是个男孩，学习刻苦，吉姆也是如此。
2）“so + 主语 + be/have/助/情”，这一结构是对前面所提出的事实进一步证实、肯定。so意为“的确，确实，果真”。
—It is sunny today. 今天天气晴。
—Oh, so it is. 哦，的确如此。
—Tom speaks English well. 汤姆英语讲得好。
—So he does. 他的确如此。
3）“主语 + do/does/did + so”表示该句中的主语重复了前文中动作，so是“这样，如此”。
The doctor told him to give up smoking and he did so. 医生叫他戒烟，他这样做了。
The teacher asks me to fetch some chalk and I do so. 老师叫我去拿些粉笔，我这样做了。
典题赏析：
3) —My room gets very cold at night.
—_______.【江苏卷】
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
4) They call him a hero and _______.
A. so is he B. so he is C. so did he D. so he did
5) If you don’t go to school, _______ I.
A. nor do B. so will C. so do D. neither shall
6) —I was told you telephoned me yesterday.
—_______.
A. So I did B. So did I C. So you did D. So did you
7) —Tom has made great progress recently.
—_______, and_______.
A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
3. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. 似乎没有什么能阻止他控制整个世界。
分析：句中stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人干某事”，相当于prevent sb. from doing sth. 或keep sb. from doing sth.。在这一结构中，在主动语态中stop, prevent短语中的from可以省略，keep中的from不可以省略。在被动语态中，他们中的from都不能省略。
Nothing can stop us (from) going there. 没有什么能阻止我们去那儿的。
We must prevent the air (from) being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
He keeps her from cutting the tree. 他阻止她砍树。
We are stopped/prevented/kept from going there. 我们被阻止去那儿。
典题赏析：
1) The notice prevented ________.
A. to smoke B. him to smoke C. smoking D. him smoking
2) The medicine can prevent you _____.
A. from getting drunk B. got drunk C. get drunk D. being drunk
参考答案：
一、重点单词与短语：
1. BD 2. D 3.C 4. CDCCCDCDD 6. BC 8. CDDAC 9. BBBBAADB 12. B 13. DBD 14. AA 15. ACB 16. DBA 18.BAC 21. BCB 24. CCB 25. DB 26. D
二、重点句型：
1. DBDB 2. DBCBDAB 3. DA
1
一、重点单词与短语：
1. civilization n. 文明，开化 [u]；文化，文明社会 [c]
contemporary American civilization 当代美国文明
the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马的文明
▲civil adj. 公民的，国民的；国内的；文明的
▲civilian n. 平民，老百姓
▲civilize vt. 开化，教育，使文明
▲civilized adj. 文明的，开化的，有教养的
典题赏析：
1) The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _______.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2) —How do you feel about your training in wild fields?
—Well, it’s good to get back to after living in a tent for two weeks.
A. contribution B. conclusion C. combination D. civilization
2. lecture n. 讲座 [c]
①give a lecture 作讲座
②attend a lecture 听讲座
典题赏析：
1)The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.【江苏卷】
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
3. found vt. 兴建，创建；成立，建立
▲founder n. 创立者，创始人；缔造者；奠基人
辨析：
1) found-founded-founded
2) find-found-found（找到，发现）
典题赏析：
1) Tsinghua University, _______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.【福建卷】
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
4. take over 夺取，接管
①take on 接受；雇佣；呈现，具有；承担，从事；同……较量，接受……的挑战
②take after像……
③take aim 瞄准
④take along 随身携带
⑤take apart 拆开
⑥take away 拿走，带走，夺去
⑦take back 收回，拿回，带回
⑧take...by surprise 使……吃惊；出奇兵攻占
⑨take care of 照顾，照料
⑩take charge (of) 掌管，负责
take down 记下，录下；拿下，咽下；拆卸，拆毁
take exercise 运动
take food 进食，吃东西
take...for... 把……误认为……
take great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
take in 欺骗；摄取；接受，接纳，收容；吸收，领会，理解；改小；包含，包括
take in one’s arm 拥抱
take it easy 别紧张，别着急，放心好了
take lessons in 跟人学习
take...lying down 甘受
take medicine 服药，吃药
take off 脱掉；成功；起飞
take on a new look 呈现新貌
take one’s place 就位，就座；坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务
take one’s time 不急，慢慢干
take out 拿出，取出；带……出去
take pride in 以……自豪；对……感到得意
take part in 参加，参与
take photos 照相
take place 发生，产生；举行，进行
take possession of 占有，拥有
take sides in 站在……一边
take…for granted? 认为……当然
take the place of 代替，取代，顶替
take the train 乘火车
take to 喜欢，开始喜欢；开始，开始于；养成……的习惯
take turns 替换，轮流
take up 拿起，着手处理，开始从事于；继续；占，占去，占据
take up arms 拿起武器
take advantage of 利用
take hold of 抓住
take?effect?奏效
take office 就职
take notice of 注意；留心
take?notes 记录，记笔记
take a boat 坐船
take a bus 乘公共汽车
take a photo/picture 照相
take a seat 坐下
take a taxi 打的
take a walk 散步
take an action 采取行动
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
典题赏析：
1) _______ over the company, he was very busy.
A. Take B. Having been taken C. Having taken D. Taking
2) Why do you _______ a part-time job?
A. take away B. take in C. take out D. take on
3) In English, there are many words _______ from other languages.
A. to take in B. taking in C. taken in D. have been taken in
4) We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all _______. 【安徽卷】
A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up
5) After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _______ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
6) —I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.
— _______. 【重庆卷】
A. Don’t be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time
7) I _______ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. 【江西卷】
A. make B. look C. take D. think
8) Don’t be _______ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A. taken off B. taken out C. take away D. taken in
9) —I’m sorry I made a mistake..
— _______. Nobody is perfect.【全国卷】
A. Take your time B. You’re right C. Whatever you say D. take it easy
5. volcano n. “火山”，其复数加s或es.。
类似：zero, motto, mango等。
6. decorate vt. 装饰，装潢
①decorate…with… 用……装饰……
②be decorated with… 被装饰有……
典题赏析：
1) The hall is _______ with flowers.
A. supplied B. decorated C. buried D. covered
2) The children _______ the Christmas tree _______ many colour lights.
A. covered; with B. provided; with C. decorated; with D. occupied; with
7. destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁；歼灭，消灭；打破，破灭（希望，计划）
They’ve destroyed all the evidence. 他们毁坏了所有的证据。
The injured dog had to be destroyed. 那条受伤的狗不得不被杀死。
All her hopes were destroyed. 她所有的希望落空了。
▲destruction n. 破坏，毁灭 [u]
▲destructive adj. 破坏性的
辨析：damage，destroy，ruin与harm的区别
1) damage“损害，伤害”，不可数名词或动词，可修复。
2) destroy“毁/破坏”，动词，不可修复。
3) ruin“毁坏/灭”，不可修复，还可用于抽象的比喻中。
4) harm“伤害，损害”不可数名词或动词，一般指对身心健康的损害。
8. ruin n. 废墟，遗迹（复）；毁灭，崩溃
vt. 破坏，毁灭
the ruins of Rome 古罗马遗迹
ruin one’s hopes 使希望破灭
ruin one’s health 把身体搞坏
ruin oneself 毁了自己
①in ruins 成为废墟
②bring…to ruin 使……毁灭，使……没落
典题赏析：
1) I’m afraid you will _______ your bright future if you continue to be so casual on your work.
A. destroy B. harm C. ruin D. damage
2) He was lucky in the accident, but his _______ car is still under repair.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. hurt D. damaged
3) All his hopes were _______.
A. damaged B. ruined C. spoiled D. destroyed
4) The _______ to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
A. damage B. destruction C. harm D. ruin
5) His bike was so badly _______ that it couldn抰 be repaired at all.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. damaging
9. remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸，尸体
▲remain vi. 留存，剩余；逗留；仍然是
1) 剩余，留存
After the fire, very little remained of the house.
大火过后，那所房子几乎什么也没有剩下。
2) 逗留，居住
I wish you to remain. 我希望你留下来。
?3) “仍然是，依旧是，保持不变”，连系动词，后接名词，形容词，分词及介词短语。
?????????Peter become a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是渔夫。
?????????He remains poor. 他依旧贫穷。
He asked us to remain seated. 他请求我们呆在座位上。
①remain to be + n./adj.
②Sth. remains to be done 某事有待于去做。
③It remains to be seen whether… 是否……有待于进一步来看；是否……还要看情况发展。
④It only remains for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说要做的事只是……。
辨析:
一) remaining与left的区别：
?? ?二者都可作形容词，表示“剩余的”。
1) remaining放在被修饰的名词之前。
2) left放在被修饰名词之后。
He used his remaining money to buy a book. 他用剩余的钱买了本书。
There is a little time left. 还剩下一点时间。
二) remain，stay与keep的区别：
1) remain继续保持或处于原来的状态；也指别的人或物已不在，而某物/人仍在原处。
Tom has become manager of the company while Jim remains a clerk.
汤姆已成为公司的经理而吉姆仍旧是个职员。
All went but I remained. 大家都走了，但我留了下来。
2) stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与remain相同，但不接to do或to be done；也指在某地暂住一段时间。
The weather stays fine today. 今天天气仍旧晴朗。
He stayed at the hotel for three days. 他在旅馆住了三天。
3) keep需要一定的努力才能保持或处于某种状态。
You should take more exercise to keep fit. 要保持健康，你需要加强锻炼。
典题赏析：
1) It was already past midnight and only three young men _______ in the teahouse. 【安徽卷】
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted
2) It remains _______ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. 【浙江卷】
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
3) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
4) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _______ poor. 【上海卷】
A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues
5) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______ now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
6) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
7) _______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains
8) They might just have a place _______ on the writing course――why don’t you give it a try? 【全国卷】
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
10. beneath prep. 在……之下，在……正下方；有失……的身份，不值得；
（身份，地位）低于
adv. 在下面，在底下
The ground beneath my feet was soft. 我脚下的地是柔软的。
He considers such jobs beneath him. 他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。
A captain is beneath a major. 上尉的职位低于少校。
The valley lies beneath. 山谷就在底下。
①beneath notice 不值得注意
②beneath sb. 有失某人的身份
辨析：beneath, below与under的区别
1) beneath“在……之下”，既可以指垂直和不垂直的上下关系，也可表示上下接触之意。反义词为：above/on。
Now the bridge is beneath the plane. 现在桥在飞机的正下方。
All the fields are beneath the plane. 所有的田地都在飞机的下面。
Such words are beneath you. 这种话有失你的身份。
2) below“在……之下”，指低于某物，不一定在正下方。反义词为：above。
The sun has sunk below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线之下。
3) under“在……之下”，指在某物的垂直下方。反义词为：over。
The box is under the table. 盒子在桌子下。
11. complain?vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉
①complain about/of 抱怨/投诉……
②complain of 抱怨/投诉……；诉说有……病痛
③complain to sb. about/of 向某人抱怨/投诉……
④complain that… 抱怨/投诉……
She is always complaining about something. 她老是抱怨这抱怨那。
She will complain of us if we make more noise. 如果我们再吵闹，她将投诉我们。
Dan has been complaining of severe headaches. 丹总是说头疼得厉害。
He complained to the police of the boys stealing his apples. 他向警方控告那些男孩偷他的苹果。
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
▲complaint n. 抱怨，不满，牢骚 [c/u]
⑤a letter of complaint 投诉信
⑥make a complaint about/of 抱怨/投诉……
⑦make/lay a complaint against… 对……进行投诉
12. historical adj. 历史的，与历史研究有关的?
▲historic adj. 有历史意义的
▲history n. 历史
historical events 历史事件 historic sites 历史遗址
典题赏析：
1) The _______ Nanchang Uprising is the symbol of our formal fight against the enemy.
A. history B. historic C. historical D. histories
13. carry out 实施，执行，进行，开展，履行，完成，实现
①carry on 继续开展，进行下去，坚持下去
②carry away 运走，拿走
③carry back 运回，拿回；使回想起
④carry off 夺去……的生命，强行带走；轻而易举地完成
⑤carry through 进行（到底），贯彻；使渡过
⑥carry it 获胜
⑦carry into effect 实行，实现
典题赏析：
1) The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _______ their discussion.【天津卷】
A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on
2) —It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _______ the plan?
—I think Tom and Greg will. 【京皖卷】
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
3) The film La La Land _______ six of the top prizes at the 89th Academy Awards, with Emma Stone taking home a big win for Best Actress.
A. carried through B. carried on C. carried out D. carried off
14. fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的，庆幸的 (反：unfortunate)
①be fortunate in 在……方面很幸运；为有……而幸福
②be fortunate to do sth. 幸运地干某事
③It is fortunate of sb. to do sth. 干某事某人是幸运的。
④It is fortunate that… ……是幸运的。
▲fortunately adv. (反：unfortunately)
▲fortune n. 大笔的钱，财富 [c]；运气，好运 [c]；机会，命运 [u]
⑤make a fortune 发财
⑥have good/bad fortune 运气好/不好
⑦tell sb. sb.’s fortune 给某人算命
⑧seek one’s fortune 碰运气，离家闯天下
典题赏析：
1) What ______! He's found ______ job in Beijing.
A. a good fortune; such a good B. a good fortune; so a good
C. good fortune; such good a D. good fortune; so good a
②The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large ______.
A. fortune B. luck C. money D. amount
15. declare vt. 宣布，宣告，宣称
①declare war on a state 向某国宣战
②declare for 表态支持
③declare against 表态反对
辨析：declare与announce
1) declare 指正式而明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，声明”，侧重于当众发表，多用于宣判，宣战，议和等。
2) announce 强调正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重预告诉人们所关心感兴趣的事情。
The two countries declared war. 那两个国家宣战了。
The government announced that electricity charges would go up. 政府宣布电价将上涨。
They announced their wedding in the newspaper. 他们在报纸上宣布了他们的婚礼。
典题赏析：
1) We have time and again _______ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. declared B. announced C. voiced D. informed
2) The result of this examination will be _______ tomorrow.
A. published B. declared C. announced D. opened
3) _______ the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan.
A. It announces that B. It is announced that C. It declares that D. It declared
16. in memory of = in honour of 纪念
典题赏析：
1) The local government built a monument _______ those who lost their life in the war.
A. in need of B. in praise of C. in favor of D. in memory of
2) It is _______ great honor for a country to host the Olympic Games. A great celebration was held in _______ honor of the event.
A. /; / B. a; / C. /; / D. /; the
3) A common memory they all have _______ their school days is the school uniform. 【福建卷】
A. of B. on C. to D. with
17. educate vt. 教育，培养，训练
▲education n. 教育 [u/c]
▲educated adj. 受过教育的，有教养的
18. doubt vt. & vi. 怀疑，疑问
①doubt sb./sth.
I doubt his honesty. 我怀疑他的诚实。
在肯定句中，后接从句时用if/whether引导。
②doubt
在否定句、疑问句中，后接从句时用that引导。
I doubt if/whether he will come. 他是否要来我感到怀疑。
I don’t doubt that he will come. 我不怀疑他要来。
Do you doubt that he will come? 你怀疑他要来吗？
注：在肯定句中用that引导，doubt意为“看来……不会/未必”。
??? I doubt that John will come. 我看约翰未必会来。
????? ? n. 怀疑，疑惑 [u/c]
③in doubt 怀疑，不肯定
④without/no/beyond doubt 毫无疑问地，肯定地
⑤make no doubt of 对……毫不怀疑
⑥throw/cast doubt on/upon 对……产生怀疑
⑦have no doubt about… 对……不怀疑
⑧have no doubt that… 对……不怀疑
⑨There is no doubt about…? 对……没有疑问；对……毫无疑问
⑩There is no doubt that… ……是肯定的；……是毫无疑问的；无疑……
▲doubtful?adj. 怀疑的，可疑的
▲doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，可疑地
▲doubtless?adj.??无疑的
典题赏析：
1) There is no doubt _______ the computer is a great invention.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
2) I _______ whether these people can hold together.
A. doubt B. suspect C. think D. know
3) —Tom was Kate’s brother!
— _______ he reminded me so much of Kate.
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
19. rise up against 起义，反抗
20. stand in one’s path/way 阻碍（某人）
21. ahead adv. （时间、空间）在前面；提前，预先；领先
adj. 在前的，在前头 ；未来，达到未来
①ahead of 在……之前；胜过，超过
②push ahead with 义无反顾地进行
③get ahead 进步，成功，胜过
④look ahead 向前看
⑤go ahead 前进，往前走；先走；取得进展；继续下去；请吧，用吧，干吧，说下去
典题赏析：
1) He is far _______ his class in English.
A. ahead B. ahead of C. ahead in D. head
2) —May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
— _______.【四川卷】
A. Come on B. Take care C. Go ahead D. Hold on
3) More efforts, as reported, ______ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
【江苏卷】
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
22. come down with 患（病）
23. vast adj.“辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的；大量的”，如海洋，沙漠等。
the vast sea/desert 宽阔的海洋/辽阔的沙漠
辨析：与enormous，huge，big，large和great的区别
1) enormous adj.“巨大的，庞大的”，指超过寻常的。
an enormous beast 庞大的野兽
2) huge adj.“巨大的”，强调体形而非重量。
a huge animal/computer
3) big adj.“大的”，指具体事物，多指体积之大；还可表示“巨大的，伟大的，重要的”。
（反：little）
He is a big man. 他是个大人物。
China is a big country. 中国是个大国。（强调实力）
4) large adj.“大的”多指面积。（反：small）
China is a large country. 中国是个大国。
5) great adj.“巨大的，伟大的，重大的”，除表数量，体积之外，又指抽象程度。（反：little/small）
China is a great country. 中国是个伟大的国家。
He has made great progress. 他已取得了巨大的进步。
24. salary?n. 薪金，薪水 [u/c]
It’s bad manners to ask other’s salary if you are not very familiar.
如果你们不是很熟的话，问别人的薪水是不礼貌的。
辨析：salary，wage，pay，fee，income，fare与bonus的区别
1) salary n.“薪金，薪水”[u/c]，指定期发给某人月薪、年薪。
Your salary will be 100,000 yuan a year. 你的年薪为10万元。
2) wage n.“工资，工钱，薪水，报酬 (复）”，指每日、周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。
A postman’s wages are＄60 per week. 一个邮递员的工资是每周60美元。
3) pay n.“薪水，工资”[u]，最普通用语。特指海陆军人及其它在政府部门工作者的薪水。
His job is hard work, but the pay is good. 她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。
4) fee n.“手续费，薪水”，指付给律师，医师或其他专业人员的谢金，学费等。
There is no entrance fee to the gallery. 这家美术馆不收门票。
5) income n.“收益，收入，进款 [u/c]”。
His income is well below the average. 他的收入大大低于平均水平。
6) fare n.“车费，船费；飞机票价 [u/c]”。
The conductor began to collect fares. 售票员开始收车费。
Fares are cheap, starting at 1yuan. 票价便宜，一元起价。
7) bonus n.“奖金”，指分给员工的“奖金”。
She is expecting a New Year bonus to buy a coat. 她期待着在元旦得到一笔奖金买件外套。
典题赏析：
1) He received a monthly _______ of 1,300 yuan.
A. wage B. money C. salary D. pay
2) He gets his _______ on Fridays.
A. salary B. wage C. wages D. salaries
3) The lawyer’s _______ was higher than we expected.
A. fare B. fee C. salary D. wage
25. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的，明白的
①be aware of 知道/明白/意识到……
②be aware that… 知道/明白/意识到……
▲awareness n. 知道，晓得 [u]
典题赏析：
1) It was several minutes before I was _______ of what was happening.
A. know B. realise C. wear D. aware
2) We must be clearly _______ that English has been a must in international trade.
A. known B. aware C. realised D. seen
26. have enough of 受够了……；对……感到厌烦
典题赏析：
1) — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
—You can’t _______ your responsibilities.
A. run off with B. run up against C. run out of D. run away from
二、重点句型：
1. Near the city was a volcano. 离城市不远是座火山。
分析：此句是一个完全倒装句。当表示方位意义的副词或介词短语here, there, now, then, under, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等位于句首作状语，谓语动词为come, go, run, rush, be, stand, lie, sit等时，句子使用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来啦。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。
Away flew the plane. 飞机飞走了。
On the wall hangs a picture. 墙上挂着一幅图画。
On the top of the mountain lies a temple. 山顶有座庙。
但：如果主语为人称代词时，则不用倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
Here you are. 给你。
Here it is. 哦，在这。
In she came. 她进来了。
典题赏析：
1) John opened the door. There _______ he had never seen before. 【陕西卷】
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
2) For a moment nothing happened. Then _______ all shouting together. 【福建卷】
A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come
3) By the side of the Bird’s Nest _______, completed in 2008.
A. there standing the Water Cube B. does the Water Cube stand
C. the Water Cube stands D. stands the Water Cube
4) At the foot of the mountain _______.
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
2. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city.
很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。
分析：
一）句中形容词alive作状语。一般地说，形容词在句子中可以作表语、定语、宾补等成分。但一些形容词还可以在句中作原因、时间、伴随或方式状语。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.
因为害怕困难，他们走了条容易走的路。
They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
他们在风雪里度过了七天，饥寒交迫。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷藏在角落里，担心被擒获。
Ripe, these apples are sweet. 这些苹果熟了的时候很甜.
典题赏析：
1) The sailors returned a month later, _______.
A. felt ill, tired and unhappy B. illness, tiredness and unhappiness
C. feeling ill, tiresome and unhappy D. ill, tired and unhappy
2) _______and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【全国卷】
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
二）句中“so was the city”结构为倒装，表示前者情况适应于后者。
1）在表示前者情况适应于后者时：
①在肯定句中，我们用“so + be/have/助/情 + 主语”，so意为“也，同样”。
Tom is a boy, so is Jim. 汤姆是个男孩，吉姆也是。
You have been there, and so has he. 你到过那儿，他也到过。
You speak Chinese, so do I. 你讲汉语，我也讲汉语。
He went home yesterday, so did I. 昨天他回家了，我也回了。
You can speak English, so can I. 你会讲英语，我也会。
但：If she wants to go, so will I. 如果她想要去，我也去。
②在否定句中，我们用“neither/nor + be/have/助/情 + 主语”，neither/nor意为“也不”。
Tom isn’t a student, neither/nor is Jim. 汤姆不是学生，吉姆也不是。
You haven’t been there, neither/nor has he. 你没到过那儿，他也没到过。
You don’t speak Chinese, neither/nor do I. 你不讲汉语，我也不讲。
He didn’t go home yesterday, neither/nor did I. 昨天他没有回家，我也没有。
You can’t speak English, neither/nor can I. 你不会讲英语，我也不会。
但：If she don’t want to go, neither/nor will I. 如果她不想要去，我也不去。
③不论是在肯定句还是在否定句中，尤其是在前面句子中既有肯定又有否定或既有连系动词又有实义动词、情态动词的情况时，我们用“so it is/was with…或it is/was the same with…”。
Tom likes fish but doesn’t like meat, so it is with Jim/it is the same with Jim.
汤姆喜欢鱼但不喜欢肉，吉姆也是如此。
Tom was a boy and studied hard, and so it was with Jim/it was the same with Jim.
汤姆是个男孩，学习刻苦，吉姆也是如此。
2）“so + 主语 + be/have/助/情”，这一结构是对前面所提出的事实进一步证实、肯定。so意为“的确，确实，果真”。
—It is sunny today. 今天天气晴。
—Oh, so it is. 哦，的确如此。
—Tom speaks English well. 汤姆英语讲得好。
—So he does. 他的确如此。
3）“主语 + do/does/did + so”表示该句中的主语重复了前文中动作，so是“这样，如此”。
The doctor told him to give up smoking and he did so. 医生叫他戒烟，他这样做了。
The teacher asks me to fetch some chalk and I do so. 老师叫我去拿些粉笔，我这样做了。
典题赏析：
3) —My room gets very cold at night.
—_______.【江苏卷】
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
4) They call him a hero and _______.
A. so is he B. so he is C. so did he D. so he did
5) If you don’t go to school, _______ I.
A. nor do B. so will C. so do D. neither shall
6) —I was told you telephoned me yesterday.
—_______.
A. So I did B. So did I C. So you did D. So did you
7) —Tom has made great progress recently.
—_______, and_______.
A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
3. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. 似乎没有什么能阻止他控制整个世界。
分析：句中stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人干某事”，相当于prevent sb. from doing sth. 或keep sb. from doing sth.。在这一结构中，在主动语态中stop, prevent短语中的from可以省略，keep中的from不可以省略。在被动语态中，他们中的from都不能省略。
Nothing can stop us (from) going there. 没有什么能阻止我们去那儿的。
We must prevent the air (from) being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
He keeps her from cutting the tree. 他阻止她砍树。
We are stopped/prevented/kept from going there. 我们被阻止去那儿。
典题赏析：
1) The notice prevented ________.
A. to smoke B. him to smoke C. smoking D. him smoking
2) The medicine can prevent you _____.
A. from getting drunk B. got drunk C. get drunk D. being drunk
参考答案：
一、重点单词与短语：
1. BD 2. D 3.C 4. CDCCCDCDD 6. BC 8. CDDAC 9. BBBBAADB 12. B 13. DBD 14. AA 15. ACB 16. DBA 18.BAC 21. BCB 24. CCB 25. DB 26. D
二、重点句型：
1. DBDB 2. DBCBDAB 3. DA
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