2022届二轮复习高中英语：专题十二 动词和动词短语讲解和训练 （Word版含答案）
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2022届二轮复习高中英语：专题十二 动词和动词短语讲解和训练
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词短语是英语中常见的固定搭配，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。根据动词的句法功能，可以把动词分为：实义动词（行为动词），连系动词，情态动词，助动词，使役动词和非谓语动词。根据词汇意义可以把动词分为：动作动词（延续性动词和非延续性动词）和状态动词。
动词的分类及特点：
表一：
动词句法功能分类 特点 例词
实
义
动
词
及物动词 后接宾语 do, love, like, hate, open, close等。
不及物动词 后不能接宾语 come, go, leave, sit, walk, die等。
可作及物和不及物的动词 随着使用场合的不同而变化。
die, run, dream, leave等。
连系动词
连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。 be, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, keep, stay, remain, get, become, go, turn, come, fall, appear, seem等。
情态动词
表示特殊的感情、态度，后跟动词原形，与动词原形一起构成谓语；没有人称和数的变化。 can, may, must, shall, will, dare, need, should, could, might, would, ought to等。
助动词
用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态和语态，有人称和时态的变化。
be, do, have, will, shall, would, should等。
使役动词 用来表示“叫/使/让某人干某事；使…处于某种态。” let, have, make, get, keep, leave，set，send等
非谓语动词 不能单独作句子的谓语，由“doing/done/to do”构成。 doing, done, to do
表二：
动词词汇意义分类
特点
例词
动
作
动
词
延续性动词
又称持续性动词，表示可以持续的动作、行为或状态。
keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, snow, read, run, sing, sleep, smoke等
非延续性动词 又称终止性动词，表示瞬间完成的行为或过程。 die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, come, arrive等。
状态动词
表示主语所处状态
stand, lie, sit等。
二、动词的基本形式：
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：
①一般情况下在动词后加-s。
work—works, write—writes。
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加-es。
guess—guesses, mix—mixes, finish—finishes, catch—catches。
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为-ies。
study—studies, try—tries, carry—carries, apply—applies。
注：不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。
2. 现在分词的构成
①一般情况下在动词后加-ing；study—studying, work—working
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加-ing；write—writing, move—moving
③以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加-ing； get—getting, begin—beginning
④以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing。lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying
3. 过去式和过去分词的构成
①一般情况直接加-ed； ask—asked, work—worked。
②以不发音的e结尾，只加-d； love—loved, dance—danced。
③以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加-ed； try—tried, study—studied。
④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双末尾一个字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped, permit—permitted。
另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。
三、动词的用法：
1. 实义动词
实义动词又叫行为动词，包括及物动词（vt）和不及物动词(vi)。可以接宾语的叫及物动词，不可以接宾语的叫不及物动词。
①及物动词后可以接单宾语，双宾语或复合宾语，有被动语态。多数动词后接单宾语，但有些动词后接双宾语或复合宾语。
a. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构可改写为“vt+sth+to+sb”。
give, hand, pass, post, promise, show, read, return, teach, wish, lend, take, sell, send, serve, owe, loan, offer, award, mail, rent等。
b. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构可改写为“vt+sth+for+sb”。
buy, find, paint, choose, cook, draw, make, order, save, purchase, book, cut, design, fix, keep, mix, pick, set, pour, reserve, win等。
c. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构即可用to来改写，也可用for来改写。
bring, do, get, play, sing, tell, leave, write等。
d. 有些动词后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整语意时，须加宾语补足语进一步补充说明，使句意完整，这种宾语叫复合宾语，即“vt+宾语+补足语（形容词/名词/副词/介词短语/do/to do/doing/done）”。
▲常见的接形容词（短语）作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+形容词”的动词有：
declare宣布 drive驱使 consider认为 cut切 find发现
dye染 force逼迫 imagine想像 get 使 leave使
paint漆 set使 keep使保持 think认为 push推 believe认为
▲常见的接名词（短语）作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+名词”的动词有：
appoint任命 believe认为 call叫 consider认为 choose选择 elect选举
find认为 guess猜测 judge判断 keep使 make使变为 name命名
▲常见的接副词或介词短语作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+副词或介词短语”的动词有：
ask叫，让 allow允许 invite邀请 see 看见 show带领 shut关闭
keep保持 find发现 make使 regard看作 discover发现 leave使
▲常见的接do作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+ do”的动词有：（此结构在改为被动语态时要带to。）
feel 感觉 listen to听 hear听到 make 使 let使 have使
watch观看 see 看见 notice注意 observe 观察 look at看 help帮助
口诀：一感二听三使五看半帮助（两均可）
▲常见的接to do作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+to do”的动词有：
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 cause使，引起 challenge挑战
command命令 expect期望 forbid禁止 inspire鼓舞 instruct 指导
mean打算 oblige强制，迫使 persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 tell 告诉
trust信任 wish希望 warn警告 enable使能够 encourage 鼓励
force强迫，迫使 get使 intend打算 invite邀请 order命令
permit允许 remind提醒 teach教 urge敦促，力劝 want想要
would like想要
▲常见的接doing作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+doing”的动词有：
listen to听 hear听到 watch观看 see 看见 notice注意
observe 观察 look at看 catch撞见 discover 发现 find发现
get使 have使 keep使 bear容忍 smell闻到
▲常见的接done作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+done”的动词有：
feel 感觉 listen to听 hear听到 make 使 get使 have使
let让 watch观看 see 看见 notice注意 observe 观察 look at看
②不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，无被动语态。
a.有些不及物动词（其主语大都指物）的主动语态可表示被动的意义，这种不及物动词有下列几种：
▲某些连系动词用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。这类系动词有 look, sound, feel, taste, smell, appear, seem, go, turn, become, get, grow, fall, prove, keep, stay等。
The roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来很香。
Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很软。
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
Your sentence doesn’t sound right. 你的话听起来不大对头。
What he said proved to be correct. 事实证明他的话是正确的。
▲表示开始、结束的动词如begin, start, finish, close, stop, end等，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
Class begins at eight. 八点钟开始上课。
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 商店每天下午六点钟关门。
▲表示主语某种属性特征的动词如sell, read, write, wear, wash, clean, cook, cut, measure, run, record, draw, drive, dry, drink等，当它们与well, easily, perfectly等副词连用时，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。
Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。
This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。
This coat wears well. 这件大衣经穿。
▲在口语中，一些动词如lock, shut, open, act, move等与can’t或won’t连用，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
His car can’t move. 他的车不能开了。
The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。
b. 常见的不及物动词有：
agree同意 ache疼痛 apologise 道歉 appear出现 arrive到达
come来 disappear 消失 exist存在 fall掉 flow 流淌
go去 graduate毕业 happen发生 take place发生 occur发生
lie 躺 rise升起 stay呆，留 die死 live居住
smile微笑 sleep睡觉 swim 游泳 weep抽泣 vary 变化
③有些动词即可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，在此不再一一列举。
2. 连系动词:
连系动词又叫系动词，是连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。连系动词后一般可跟形容词、名词、不定式、介词短语或句子等作表语。
表示状态类的连系动词：be, remain（仍然是，依旧是）等。
I am a teacher. 我是老师。
She is beautiful. 她漂亮。
This matter remains a mystery. 这件事仍然是个谜。
②表示“保持”类的连系动词：keep, stay, remain, stand等。
He always keep silent at the meeting. 在会议上，他总是保持沉默。
Please stand still when taken photos. 当照相时，请站着别动。
③表示“起来”类的连系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound, appear, seem等。
The flowers look beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。
The soup smells delicious. 这汤闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很柔软。
He looked a little nervous when he got up on stage. 当他走上舞台时，显得有点紧张。
He appeared puzzled. 她显得迷惑不解。
She seems very sad. 她看起来很伤心。
④表示“变得”类的连系动词：go, become, grow, get, turn, fall, run, come等。
The machine goes wrong. 那台机器出了毛病。
His illness becomes better. 他的病变好了。
His hair grew gray. 他头发变得灰白了。
Days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。
In autumn, leaves turn yellow. 秋天，树叶变黄了。
The baby fell asleep. 那个孩子睡着了。
The well has run dry. 井已经变干了。
His dream has come true. 他的梦想变成现实了。
⑤表示“证明”“结果”类的连系动词：prove, turn out等。
The theory proved right. 这一理论证明是正确的。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划证明是成功的。
注：英语中有很多固定的系表结构，已形成习惯用法：（请牢记）
come true变成现实，实现 fall asleep/ill 入睡/生病 get lost/ready 迷路/准备好
keep clean and tidy保持整洁 lie waste 荒废 stand still/firm站着不动/不让步
stay fresh 保持新鲜 run short缺乏 keep calm/silent 保持冷静/安静
turn 18 长到18岁 become a teacher = turn teacher 成为老师
go mad/wrong/bad/hungry 发疯/出差错/变坏/挨饿
3. 情态动词：(参看其语法专项)
4. 助动词：
助动词是用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态、语态和加强语气，有人称和时态的变化。最常用的助动词有：be, do, have, will, shall, would, should等。
1）助动词be的用法：
①“be+现在分词”，构成进行时态。
I am talking. 我在讲话。
He was listening a lecture at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他在听讲座。
They are watching TV. 他们正在看电视。
We were having a meeting. 我们在开会。
②“be+过去分词”，构成被动语态。
English is spoken by many people. 许多人讲英语。
They are praised for their passing the exam.他们因通过考试而受到了表扬。
③“be+不定式”的用法。
a. 表示计划或安排，意为“将要，打算”。
Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿不久就要结婚了。
We are to help the old. 我们要去帮助那些老人。
b. 表示指示，命令或要求等，意为“必须，应该，可以”。
You are to explain this. 你必须对此作出解释。
You are not to smoke in the office. 你不可以在办公室里抽烟。
c. 表示可能性，意为“可能”。
Who is to question him? 谁有可能审问他？
Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书哪个图书馆都可能有。
d. 用于条件句中，意为“想要（如何）”。
If you are to pass the exam, you must study hard.
如果你想要通过考试的话，你必须努力学习。
In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.
在这样干燥的天气里，如果花儿想要存活，他们必须被浇水。
e. 用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见，意为“应该”。
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Where am I to fix up the tent? 我该在哪里支起帐篷？
f. 表示目的，主语的工作，性质等。
The dinner is to honour the guests. 这顿饭是宴请客人的。
My job is to teach. 我的工作是教书。
2）助动词have的用法：
①“have+过去分词”，构成完成时态。
He has left for London. 他已去伦敦了。
We have learned 5000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们已学了5000个英语单词。
②“have+been+现在分词”，构成完成进行时态。
It has been raining. 雨一直在下。
They have been talking for three hours. 他们一直谈了三个小时。
③“have+been+过去分词”，构成完成式被动语态。
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年了。
3）助动词do的用法：
①构成一般疑问句。
Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗？
Does he come from China? 他来自中国吗？
Did they get home? 他们到家了吗？
②构成否定句。
I don’t like that book. 我不喜欢那本书。
He doesn’t speak English. 他不讲英语。
We didn’t watch TV last night. 昨天晚上我们没有看电视。
③构成否定祈使句。（只能用do,不能用does/did。）
Don’t open the door, please. 请不要开门。
④do起加强语气作用。（位于陈述句句中，意为“的确，确实，果真”；位于祈使句首，意为“一定，务必”。）
I do like English. 我的确喜欢英语。
He does go there. 他的确去过那儿。
They did watch TV last night. 昨天晚上他们的确看电视了。
Do come tonight. 今晚一定要来。
⑤用于倒装句。（引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, well, so, neither, nor等。）
Never do they go there. 他们从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he watch TV. 他很少看电视。
Only then did he realise his mistakes. 只是在那时，他才意识到他的错误。
⑥用于代替曾出现过的动词。
——Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？
——Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。
He comes from the USA, doesn’t he? 他来自美国，不是吗？
4）助动词shall和will的用法：
Shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，shall只用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。
I shall never forget my students. 我永远不会忘记我的学生。
He will go to Beijing. 他要去北京。
5）助动词should和would的用法：
should无词义，只是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。would无词义，只是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时， 用于第二、三人称。
He hoped we should go there the next day. 他希望我们第二天去那儿。
He said he would come. 他说他要来。
5. 使役动词:
所谓“使役”，就是用来表示“叫/使/让某人干某事；使…处于某种状态”一类的动词。常见的有make, let, have, get, keep, leave, set, send等。
①make+O+do/done/n/adj/prep
The boss made them work long hours.
老板强迫他们工作很长时间。（此结构改为被动语态时要带to。）
She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.
演讲时，她尽量表达清楚自己的意思。
We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
Too much food made him ill. 吃得太多使他病了。
Make yourself at home. 请不要客气。
②let+O+do/adv/prep
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
Let him out. 让他出去。
Who let you into the building? 谁让你进到楼里的？
③have+O+do/doing/done/adj/prep
I had Tom find me a house. 我让汤姆替我找所房子。
They had the fire burning all night. 他们让火烧了一夜。
He had his hair cut yesterday. 昨天他请人理发了。
They have everything ready for the next year. 他们为第二年做好了一切准备。
I only have good children in my house. 我只让乖孩子进我家。
④get+O+to do/doing/done/adj/prep
You should get your friend to help you. 你应该叫朋友来帮助你。
They got the boy waiting outside. 他们让那个男孩在外面一直等着。
He got his hair cut yesterday. 昨天他请人理发了。
Get everything ready before you start. 出发前把一切准备好。
Get the cat out of the house before your mother sees it.
把那只猫从屋里赶走，以免你妈妈看见。
⑤keep+O+doing/done/adj/adv/prep/n
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。
We must keep the documents locked up. 我们一定要把文件锁好。
You must keep your clothes clean. 你们要保持衣服整洁。
What have kept you away for so long? 什么事让你离开这么久？
She likes to keep everything in good order. 她喜欢把所有的东西都放得整整齐齐。
Keep it a secret from others. 此事对别人保密。
⑥leave+O+doing/done/adj/adv/prep/n
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面雨里等着。
He went to bed and left the work unfinished. 他上床睡觉了，留下工作未完成。
He left the door open. 他让门开着。
They left the lights on all night. 他们让灯亮了一夜。
Don’t leave the baby by itself. 不要把那个孩子单独留下。
His parents’ death left him an orphan. 他父母的去世使他成为了孤儿。
⑦set+O+doing/adj/prep
They set the machine going. 他们使机器发动起来
I opened the cage and set the bird free. 我打开笼子把鸟放了。
She set the room in order. 他把房间整理好
⑧send+O+doing/adj/prep
The fire sent everyone running out of the building. 大火使得大家都从楼里跑了出来。
This noise will send me mad. 这吵声会使我发疯。
The news sent the family into great excitement. 这个消息令一家人非常兴奋。?
6. 非谓语动词：(参看其语法专项)
7. 动作动词：包括延续性动词和非延续性动词。
①延续性动词又称持续性动词，表示可以持续的动作、行为或状态。此类动词可和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, snow, read, run, sing, sleep, smoke等
It has rained for three days. 雨已下了三天了。
We have known each other since 1980. 自从1980以来，我们就彼此认识。
②非延续性动词又称终止性动词，表示瞬间完成的行为或过程。此类动词一般不可和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, come, arrive等。
He has joined the army. 他已经参军了。
He joined the army three years ago.=He has been in the army for three years.
他三年前参军了。
8. 状态动词：表示主语所处状态。如：stand, lie, sit等。
They stood there, reading. 他们站在那儿看书。
He sat on the chair quietly. 他静静地坐在椅子上。
四、动词短语的构成：
由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语，相当于一个动词的作用，称为动词短语。其构成主要有以下四种。
①动词+介词（常用的介词有：at, for, from, of, with, on, to, into等）
adjust to 适应 answer for 负责 break into 闯入
care for 喜欢，想要 call on 拜访
②动词+副词（有些相当于一个及物动词，有些相当于一个不及物动词。）
▲及物动词： bring up 培养 carry out 执行 make out 辨认出 put down 镇压
▲不及物动词：stay up 熬夜 come out 出版 break down打破，毁掉 set off 出发
③动词+名词+介词
find fault with 挑错，找茬 pay attention to 注意 make fun of 取笑 set foot in 涉足
④动词+副词+介词
keep up with 跟上 put up with 忍受 go in for 从事，喜欢 date back to 追溯到
五、常见的动词短语：
以下这些动词短语在高考中经常出现，请牢记。
1. bring短语：
bring about 带来，造成
bring back 带回来，拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复
bring down 使倒下；使下降；打倒；击落
bring forth 产生
bring forward 提出，提议；提前
bring in 收（庄稼等）；提出，引进，引入，增加
bring on 引起，导致，有助于，改进；提出
bring out 使显现，阐明；出版，生产；使……说出
bring over 把……带来；使某人转变（思想、信仰等）
bring through 使度过困难
bring to 使恢复知觉
bring up 教育；培养，养育；呕吐；打断
2. break短语：
break away from 摆脱，脱离
break in 闯入，打断，插嘴
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
break into/to pieces （使）成为碎片
break off 折断，打断；休息一下；断绝，结束，解除（婚约）
break out （战争、火灾、瘟疫等）爆发，发生
break through 突破，突围，冲垮
break with 同……决裂；破除，结束
break down 打破，毁掉；制服，压倒；垮，坍塌；抛锚，坏；（身体）垮下来；分解；降低，不成功
break up 拆散，打碎；分裂，分解；（学校）放假，（会议）结束；（精神）崩溃，垮掉
3. carry短语：
carry away 运走，拿走；使着迷
carry back 运回，拿回；使回想起
carry it 获胜
carry off 夺去……生命；强行带走；获得；完成
carry on 继续开展，进行下去；坚持下去；吵吵闹闹
carry out 履行，执行，完成，实现
carry over 继续下去；转入
carry through 进行（到底），贯彻；使渡过
4. call短语：
call at拜访（某地）
call away 叫走
call back 叫回，召回，收回；回电话；回想起
call for 要求，需要，提倡；来找（某人），来取（某物）
call forth 唤起，引起；鼓起
call off 叫走；放弃，取消
call on 拜访（某人）；号召，请求
call out 出动；唤起，引起；命令（工人）罢工；大声喊叫
call over 点名
call up 打电话；回忆起；应征入伍
5. come短语：
come about 发生；（风等）改变方向
come across （偶然）遇到，碰见
come again 再来，再说一遍
come along/on 进展，进步；（健康状况）好转；出现，碰巧遇到；快点，加把劲
come at 袭击；得到，达到
come away 脱落
come back 回来；记起，回忆起；
come by 从旁走过；得到，获得
come down 下来，降下；倒下，倒塌；流传下来；生病，病倒；减价；付款，捐钱
come for 来接（人），来取（物）
come in 进来；到达，（火车）进站
come in for 接受，受到
come into 进入；得到；继承
come near 走近；接近，赶得上；几乎，差一点就……
come of 出身于；由……引起，是……的结果；达到
come on 跟着来；进步，进展；开始……起来，袭击；举行，上演，放映；快！得啦！
come over 过来；顺便来访；转变
come round 来，前来；苏醒过来；
come through 经历；获得成功；收到，到达
come to 共计，达到；达到……地步，归结为；苏醒
come to an end 结束
come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟过来
come up 走近；上来，上楼；长出，长芽；发生；提出，提及
come up against 遭到（困难、反对等）
come up to 达到，符合
come up with 想出，提出，提供；赶上
come out 出来，出版；长出，发芽，开花；传出，露出；罢工；（相片）显现，
（照片）冲洗出来；（意思）表达清楚；获得名次；算出来，总计
6. cut短语：
cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过；违反，和……相反；超越
cut at 向……猛击；危害；毁掉
cut down 砍倒；（疾病等）夺去生命；削减，缩短；毁灭，破坏
cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超车抢道
cut out 切掉，删掉；使适合；停止，放弃；取代
cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心
cut through抄近路穿过；刺穿，剪断
cut off 切掉，剪下，删去；切断，断绝；（突然）中止；（病）使死亡；
7. do短语：
do away with 废除，撤消；弄死
do by 对待
do down 胜过
do for （人）配做……；（物）适用于……
do in 杀害；使极度疲乏；欺骗
do out 打扫，收拾
do up 修缮，粉刷，整理；包扎，扣好
do well 做得好，处理得好
do with 处理，对付
do without 没有……也行
do wrong 做错；作恶；犯罪
8. fall短语：
fall asleep 入睡
fall back 后退，退却
fall behind 落后，跟不上；拖欠
fall ill患病
fall off 下降，跌落；减少，缩小
fall on 开始（行动）；正当，适逢；攻击；落到
fall out 争吵，闹翻；结果，脱落
fall out of 放弃（习惯）
fall over 向前摔倒
fall through 归于失败，落空
fall to 开始……；……起来
fall to pieces 崩溃，倒塌
9. get短语：
get about 走动，到处跑；（消息）传开；旅行
get above 超过，克服
get across 使通过；使被理解，把……讲清楚
get along/on 进展，进行；过活，生活；相处融洽
get away 逃脱，离开
get away with 侥幸做成
get back 回来；送回，带回；恢复，取回
get by通过，走过；勉强混过
get down 下来；写下来，记下来；使情绪低落，使身体虚弱
get down to 开始认真（干某事）
get home 到家
get in 进来，进站，回家：收（庄稼）；请大夫；乘车
get in touch with 与……取得联系
get into 进入，陷入；养成……习惯；学会（某事）
get off 下车；从……下来；取下来，脱下来；动身，起飞
get on 上车
get on with 与……相处；进行某事
get out (of ) 出去，离开；逃离；泄露；公布，出版
get over 爬过（墙等）；克服（困难、偏见等）；熬过，做完（不愉快的事），
走完（一段路程）；从……中恢复过来；向……讲清楚，让……理解
get rid of 摆脱，除掉
get round 传开；绕开,避开；说服，争取
get through 完成；通过（议案、考试）；度过；穿过，漏进来；给……接通电话
get to 到达；开始（某事）
get up 起床；站起来
10. give短语：
give away 捐赠，赠送；分发；泄露，出卖；放弃
give back 归还，恢复；后退
give forth发出（气味，声音等）；发表
give in 屈服，让步；呈交，交上；宣布，表示
give into 通向
give off 发出（蒸气、光等）
give out 分发；发出（气味、热等）；发表，公布；用完耗尽，精疲力竭
give up 放弃；投降，认输
give way to 让位于，被……代替；给……让路，对……让步
11. go短语：
go about 从事，干；走动，（消息等）流传
go after 追求，追逐，设法获得
go against 违反，反对；不利于
go ahead 走在前面，前进；干吧，说吧，用吧
go along 前进，进行；和……一道去
go round 到处去；（疾病、谣言等）传开
go back (to) 回去；追溯到
go between 调停
go beyond 超出，越出
go by 走过，过去；顺便走访；依照，依据，遵循
go down 下降，下跌；（太阳）落山，（船只）沉没，（风）息，（海）平静；
（肿）消，（轮胎等）没气；（食物等）被咽下；被接受，受欢迎；
倒下，病倒，垮台；被载入，传下去
go Dutch 各付各的钱
go for 去找（某人），设法得到（某物）；出去（进行某种活动）；
袭击，向……进攻；喜欢，支持，偏爱；也如此，对……也适用；被认为
go in for 酷爱，嗜好；从事于，参加；主张，赞成
go into 调查，了解，研究；进入，加入
go off 离去；去世，消失；（水电）断掉；坏了，变差；爆炸，（铃）响；对……不感兴趣
go on 继续做某事；进展，发生；依据；（电灯）亮，（暖气）热；去（访问、旅行）
go out 出去；熄灭；不时兴，过时了；下台，辞职
go over 复习，温习；仔细查看；渡，越
go through 经历，经过；做完，用完；成功，通过；仔细查看，浏览；参加，履行
go up 上升，上涨；增长
go wrong 出毛病
go home 回家
12. hold短语：
hold back 阻止，抑制；扣住，隐瞒
hold off 拖延，推迟；使疏远，使避开
hold on 继续；抓住……不放，坚持；不挂断
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出声
hold onto 力图保持，尽力保住
hold out 伸出，提出，提供；坚持，不退让，忍受
hold to 坚持；紧握
hold up 延误，耽搁，阻挡，使停顿；拦劫，抢劫
hold water （容器）盛得住水；（论点）站得住脚
hold with 赞同，赞成
13. keep短语：
keep an eye on 留神照看
keep at 坚持做（某事）
keep away (from) 避开，不接近
keep back 隐瞒不讲；扣，留下；阻止
keep body and soul together 勉强活着
keep doing sth 一直不断地做某事（表示状态或动作的持续。）
keep on doing sth 继续做某事（表示动作的重复。）
keep down 控制，限制；压迫，镇压
keep（…）from（…） 隐瞒，瞒住；阻止……做……
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep off （使）不踩（吃、谈等）；（使）避开
keep out 挡住，使进不去，不要进来
keep out of 使……不进入；不惹（麻烦）
keep silent 保持安静，保持沉默
keep time 守时
keep up 保持；维修，维护，保持良好状态；继续
keep up with 跟上，不落后
14. knock短语：
knock about 接连打击，碰撞；漫游，闲逛；虐待
knock at/on 敲（门、窗等）
knock down 撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到
knock over 撞翻
knock off 停止；扣除
knock up 匆匆建造；赚钱
knock out 击昏，击倒
knock out of 把……从……中敲出来
15. let短语：
let alone 更不用说，更何况
let sb alone 不要管/惹/碰，不打扰，不惊动
let sb/sth down 使失望，辜负；把……放下来/长；降低
let in 漏水（气等）；欺骗；让……进去
let me see 让我想想看
let off 燃放，排放，使爆炸，开枪；放过，宽恕
let out 泄露，透漏；发出（叫声）；出租；放长，放大；放走，释放
let through 使……通过
16. look短语：
look about 环顾四周
look after 照顾，照料，注意，关心
look at 看；看待，对待
look back (on/upon) 回顾，回想
look down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起
look for 寻找；惹起，招来
look forward to 盼望
look in 顺路走访
look into 向……里面看；调查，检查
look on 旁观
look on…as… 把……当作……
look oneself （健康状况）正常
look out 当心，注意
look over 快速地查看
look through 浏览，仔细查看；察看，参观
look up 抬头看，向上看；查寻；好转，有起色
look up and down 上下打量
look up to 尊重，敬重
17. make短语：
make ends meet 量入为出
make for 走向，朝……前进；有利于，导致；袭击，冲向
make of 用……制成……（看出原材料）
make from 用……制成……（看不出原材料）
make into 把……制成……；使转变为……
make out 辨认出，看出；理解，了解；填写，开列
make up 组成，构成；编造，虚构；占；化妆，打扮；弥补；和好，和解
make up for 弥补，偿还，赔偿（用好东西或其他方式）
make up of 由……构成
make up one’s mind 下决心
make use of 利用
be made of 由……制成（看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成……（看不出原材料）
be made out of 用……制成/改制成……（接原材料或另一物名称）
be made into 把……做成（某产品）
be made in 在……制造（接时间或地点）
be made up of 由……组成
18. put短语：
put about（使……）转向，（使……）向后转；散布，宣称
put across/over 解释，说明
put aside 储蓄
put away/ by 把……收起来/放好
put back 把（钟、表）拨慢；推迟，阻碍
put down 平定，镇压
put down for 登记，注册
put down to 把……归因于
put forward 提出；向前拨
put into 把……译成
put …into prison 把……投进监狱
put off 推迟，拖延，延期
put on 穿上，戴上；装出，假装，装作有；增加，提高；演出，上演
put out 扑灭，熄灭；出版，发布
put through （把电话）拨通；做成，完成
put up 建造，搭起；张贴；抬高，提高；为……提供膳宿
put up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆
put up with 忍耐，容忍
put the fat in the fire 火上浇油
One can’t put the clock back. 既往不可追。
19. pay短语：
pay for 付……的钱；为……付出代价
pay back 偿还；报答，向……报复
pay off 付清，偿清；得到好结果，获得成功
pay in 缴款
pay up 付清，缴清
20. run短语：
run across 无意间碰到，偶然遇到
run after 追逐，追求
run against 对……不利，违反；撞；和……竞选
run away 逃走，离家
run away from 逃避，携……而逃
run into偶然遇到；陷入
run out 用完，结束；流出，突出（主语是物）
run out of 用完，结束（主语是人）
run over 碾压，压死，压伤
run short （某物）快用完了；（钱）不够用了
run through 匆忙看一遍；用完；扎穿，捅穿
run for 竞赛，竞选
on the run 跑着，逃跑；奔走，奔波
in the long run 从长远的观点看来；终究，毕竟；最后，结果
in the short run 从短期看来
21. see短语：
see about 负责处理；考虑
see after 照顾
see off 给……送行
see through 看穿，看透，识破；把……进行到底，帮助某人渡过困难
see to 负责，注意（某事）；照顾（某人）
see ( to it ) that 注意使……，务必使……
See you later/soon/again 再会，再见
you see 你瞧；你是知道的；你听我说
22. set短语：
set about 着手做，开始做
set sb an example=set an example to sb 给某人树立了榜样
set aside/by 存蓄，留出
set fire to=set…on fire 放火烧……
set foot in 踏上，登上，涉足
set forth 出发，动身；陈述，提出
set off出发，动身；引起
set out出发，动身；开始，着手，打算
set to work 开始干
set up 竖立；建立，成立
set up home 建立家园，成家
set a record 创纪录
set the table 摆桌子
be set in 以……为背景
23. send短语：
send away 派遣，开除，解雇
send for 派人去请
send forth 发出（光、热、气味等）；生出（叶子，芽等）
send in 呈报，递
send off 寄出；给……送行
send out 发送，派遣；发出（光、热、气味等）；长出（叶子，芽等）
send up 发射，发出；使上涨/升
24. stand短语：
stand by 站在一旁，袖手旁观；站在……一边，支持；遵守；待命，准备好
stand for 代表，象征；主张，支持
stand out 显眼；出色
stand up 站起来；站得住脚，经得起
25. take短语：
take a boat/bus 坐船/车
take a look 看一看
take a rest 休息
take a photo/picture 照相
take a seat 坐下
take a taxi 打的
take a walk 散步
take an action 采取行动
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
take after 像
take aim 瞄准
take along 随身携带
take apart 拆开
take away 拿走，带走；夺去
take back 收回（所说的话）；拿回，带回，认错
take…by surprise 使……吃惊，出奇兵攻占
take care (of) 小心；照顾；保管
take charge (of) 掌管，负责
take down 记下，录下，拿下；拆卸，拆毁
take exercise 运动
take food 进食，吃东西
take…for… 认为，以为，误认为
take the trouble to do sth 不辞辛劳地干某事
take in 欺骗；摄取，吸收；领会，理解；接受，接纳，收容；包含，包括；改小（衣服）
take in one’s arm 拥抱
take it easy 别着急，不紧张，放心好了
take lessons in 跟人学习……
take…lying down 甘受……
take medicine 服药，吃药
take off 脱掉；起飞
take on 呈现（面貌），具有（特征）；雇佣，接纳；承担，从事
take on a new look 呈现新貌
take one’s place 就位，就坐；做某人的座位；代替某人的职位
take one’s seat 就坐
take one’s time 不急，慢慢干
take out 拿出，取出；带……出去
take over 接管，接收，接任
take part in 参加
take place 发生，举行
take possession of 占有，拥有
take pride in 以……自豪，对……感到得意
take sides in 站在……一边
take sth for granted 认为某事当然
take the place of 代替，取代
take to 喜欢，亲近；养成（……的习惯），沉湎于；开始，开始从事于
take turns 替换，轮流
take up 拿起；开始，着手处理；继续，把……继续下去；占，占据，占去（时间、场所等）
26. throw短语：
throw about 到处扔；舞动（手脚等）
throw at 向……扔去
throw away 扔掉，抛弃；浪费（金钱等）；坐失（良机）
throw by 扔掉（无用之物）；扔在一边
throw down 扔掉，扔下，使倒下
throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱掉
throw it like that 像那样扔出去
throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事
throw doubt on 使人对……产生怀疑
throw light on 阐明，使明白，使……显得非常清楚
throw over 抛弃，遗弃；拒绝
throw up 抛起，举起；放弃（职位等）；呕吐
27. turn短语：
turn against 背叛，对……不利
turn away 走开，离开，把……打发走；转过脸去
turn back 折回，往回走；翻回到；挡住
turn down 关小，调低；拒绝
turn from side to side （把身体）转过来转过去
turn in 转身进入，拐入；上床睡觉；交出，上缴
turn into 进入；使成为，使变成，翻译成
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开；把……对准/指向
turn out 驱逐；出来，出动；结果是，证明是，原来是；制造，生产
turn over 打翻；翻身；翻动
turn to 翻到；转向；求助于；开始干，着手做
turn up 调高，调大；出现，露面
turn upside down 把……完全颠倒
by turns 轮流，交替
in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来
It’s your turn now. 现在轮到你了。
take one’s turn 该谁做……了，轮到谁做……了
take turns 依次，轮流
28. work短语：
work at 做；从事；学习；攻读
work away 不停地继续工作
work hard at 努力学习，努力工作
work on 继续工作；从事于
work out 算出，解决；做出，设计出，制订出；运动；有好结果
at work （人）在工作，（机器）在运转，（因素）在起作用；从事于，忙于
in work 在业，有工作；正在完成之中
out of work 失业；（机器等）有毛病
set to work 开始工作
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。
2020年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（20江苏卷）27. There will still be lots of challenges if we are to ______ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
2.（20江苏卷）34. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
3.（20天津卷）8. I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A. drank a toast to B. played a joke on C. kept an eye on D. made an apology to
4.（20天津卷）13. We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A. take up B. carry out C. keep on D. put off
5.（20天津卷）11. We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A. understood B. accepted C. compromised D. declined
2019年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（19江苏卷）24. More wind power stations will ____________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up
2.（19江苏卷）34. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ___ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
3.（19天津卷）9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t _______ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off
2017年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（17天津卷）5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
2.（17江苏卷）25.Working with the medical team in Africa has ______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
3.（17江苏卷）30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
2016年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
(16江苏)25. He did not______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
2. (16江苏)30. Many businesses started up by college students have_____thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
3. (16江苏)33.Parents should actively urge their children to__ the opportunity to join sports teams. A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
4. (16天津)8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
5. (16天津)12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
6. (16天津)14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
7. (16浙江)8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than ____ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
8. (16浙江)9. Silk _____ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. reject C. control D. abandon
9. (16浙江)12.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ___from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
10. (16浙江)14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
2015年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1. If you come to visit China, you will ___ a culture of amazing depth and variety.（2015安徽22）
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
2. Tom had to __ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.（2015天津10）
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
3. Body language can _______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.（2015浙江7）
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
4. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _______ our emotions than for straight facts. （2015浙江11）
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
5. The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt. （2015江苏27）
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
6. The whole team ______ Cristiano Donald, and he seldom lets them down. （2015江苏29）
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
7. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later. （2015湖北26）
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
8. It is said that body language _______ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. （2015福建25）
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
9. The team are working hard to _____ the problem so that they can find the best solution. （2015湖北23）
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
Peter will _______ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.（2015陕西25）
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
11. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _______ on the sea?（2015浙江16）
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better ______ your doctor at once.（2015天津11）
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
13. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _______ to their greatest potential. （2015江苏22）
A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
14. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _______ that someone was moving about upstairs. （2015湖北24）
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
15. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. （2015湖北25）
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
16. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. （2015天津14）
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
2014年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2014江苏卷）25. Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated
2.（2014江苏卷）30. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I’ll go right away and ________.
A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off
3.（2014江苏卷）33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ___ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall
4.（2014安徽卷）26. Terry, please your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
A. look up from B. look into C. look back on D. look through
5.（2014安徽卷）28. When the sports hero at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up B. left off C. moved on D. got away
6.（2014安徽卷）34. Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really _____ the test of time.
A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted
7.（2014大纲卷）31. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.
A. goes back on B. takes away from C. makes up for D. catches up with
8.（2014福建卷）25. It is widely acknowledged that students should be _____ in terms of overall quality.
A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled
9.（2014福建卷）33. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can _____ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of
10.（2014湖北卷）23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ____ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
A. slipped B. skied C. signaled D. sank
11.（2014湖北卷）24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised
12.（2014湖北卷）25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.
A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along
13.（2014湖北卷）26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ____ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across B. dealt with C. looked after D. went for
14.（2014陕西卷）18. Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down
15.（2014天津卷）9. My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education.
A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay
16. （2014天津卷）13. The two countries are going to meet to _____ some barriers to trade between them.
A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down
17.（2014浙江卷）7. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.
A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause
18.（2014浙江卷）9. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen.
A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict
19. （2014浙江卷）19. How could you __ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to
20.（2014江西卷）27. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ______ some serious work.
A. come up with B. get down to C. do away with D. live up to
21.（2014江西卷）29. I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ______ me.
A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse
2013年全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2013福建）24. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ______ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A. enjoys B. involves C. practices D. suggests
2.（2013福建）28. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ______ in disasters.
A. turn down B. turn out C. break down D. break out
3.（2013湖北）23. While intelligent people can often _____ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A. sacrifice B. substitute C. simplify D. survive
4.（2013湖北） 24. According to the law, all foreigners have to ______ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register
5.（2013湖北）25. Butterflies ______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on
6.（2013湖北）26. In much of the animal world, night is the time ______ for sleep—pure and simple.
A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set up
7.（2013江苏）23. —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too. The character of the town is well______.
A. qualified B. preserved C. decorated D. simplified
8.（2013江苏）29. Team leaders must ensure that all members ______ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A. get over B. look over C. take over D. come over
9.（2013江西）27. Mother always complains that children _______ their shoes very quickly.
A. find out B. wash out C. wear out D. set out
10.（2013江西）31. She _____ the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.
A. connected B. fitted C. equipped D. matched.
11.（2013辽宁）32. Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A. get away B. take over C. set off D. run out
12.（2013陕西）25. My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ______.
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off
13.（2013天津）2. If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to ______ a hand.
A. lend B. shake C. wave D. want
14.（2013天津）8. I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to ______.
A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on
15.（2013新课标II卷）2. Would you like to ______ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
16.（2013新课标II卷）8. The watch was very good, and he ______ 20 percent down for it.
A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent
17. （2013新课标I卷）23. Try not to cough more than you can _____ since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A. check B. allow C. stop D. help
18. （2013新课标I卷）30. At the last moment, Tom decided to _____ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off
19.（2013浙江）9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ______ it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
20.（2013浙江）12. A good listener takes part in the conversation, ______ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
21. （2013浙江）17. Bears _____ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
22.（2013安徽）26. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ______ on their life journey.
A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off
2012年全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2012全国卷I）27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _____ almost every word her teacher says.
A. put out??????? ?B. put down? ????????C. put away?? ?? ???D. put together
2.（2012全国卷I）35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will _______ her.
A. persuade ??????B. promise??? ??????? C. invite??????????? D. support
3.（2012全国卷II）12. We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A. set about????? ??? B. set up? ????????? ??C. set out?????? ?? ????????D. set down
4. （2012天津卷）13. Parents and children should communicate more to ______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A. open?????????????????? B. narrow?????????? C. widen?????????? D. leave
5.（2012江苏卷） 26. — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
—You can’t _______ your responsibilities.
A. run off with ???????????? B. run up against ? ????C. run out of???? ???D. run away from
6.（2012湖北卷）21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A. sponsor?????????????????B. launch???????????? C. organize ???????? ??D. plan
7. （2012湖北卷）22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.
A. approved?????? B. quoted???????????????????? ???C. polished??? ?????? D. folded
8.（2012湖北卷）23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A. hold up?????? ? B. keep up? ?????????C. set up???????? ????? ?D. take up
9.（2012湖北卷）24. I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.
A. lead to??? ??????? B. see to ??????????? ????C. turn to??? ????????????? ?D. refer to
10.（2012安徽卷）28. The athlete’s years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A. went on?????? ? B. got through???? ????? C. paid off ??????????? ?D. ended up?
11.（2012福建卷）29.You had better _____ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A. set aside????? ?????? B. take up???????????????????? C. put away??? ???? D. give out
12.（2012陕西卷）19. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air—conditioning system ________.
A. broke in ??????????? B. broke up ????????? ???C. broke out ????????? ?D. broke down
13.（2012四川卷）20. It’s surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.
A. picked up? ???? B. looked up?? ???? ???C. put up?? ?????????? ?D. made up
14. （2012江西卷）24. I’ve ________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
???? A. come into????????? B. gone into??????? C. got into ????????D. run into
15.（2012江西卷）30．We all agreed that the cottage would ________ a perfect holiday home for the family.
???? A. make?????????????? B. turn??????????? C. take??????????? D. have
16.（2012浙江卷）12. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to _____?from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A. differ????????????????? B. shrink??????????????????? C. fail?????????????????????? D. decline
17.（2012浙江卷）15. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _______ preparing your business plan.
A. set out???????????????? B. set about?????????????? C. set off????????????????? D. set up
24
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词短语是英语中常见的固定搭配，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。根据动词的句法功能，可以把动词分为：实义动词（行为动词），连系动词，情态动词，助动词，使役动词和非谓语动词。根据词汇意义可以把动词分为：动作动词（延续性动词和非延续性动词）和状态动词。
动词的分类及特点：
表一：
动词句法功能分类 特点 例词
实
义
动
词
及物动词 后接宾语 do, love, like, hate, open, close等。
不及物动词 后不能接宾语 come, go, leave, sit, walk, die等。
可作及物和不及物的动词 随着使用场合的不同而变化。
die, run, dream, leave等。
连系动词
连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。 be, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, keep, stay, remain, get, become, go, turn, come, fall, appear, seem等。
情态动词
表示特殊的感情、态度，后跟动词原形，与动词原形一起构成谓语；没有人称和数的变化。 can, may, must, shall, will, dare, need, should, could, might, would, ought to等。
助动词
用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态和语态，有人称和时态的变化。
be, do, have, will, shall, would, should等。
使役动词 用来表示“叫/使/让某人干某事；使…处于某种态。” let, have, make, get, keep, leave，set，send等
非谓语动词 不能单独作句子的谓语，由“doing/done/to do”构成。 doing, done, to do
表二：
动词词汇意义分类
特点
例词
动
作
动
词
延续性动词
又称持续性动词，表示可以持续的动作、行为或状态。
keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, snow, read, run, sing, sleep, smoke等
非延续性动词 又称终止性动词，表示瞬间完成的行为或过程。 die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, come, arrive等。
状态动词
表示主语所处状态
stand, lie, sit等。
二、动词的基本形式：
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：
①一般情况下在动词后加-s。
work—works, write—writes。
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加-es。
guess—guesses, mix—mixes, finish—finishes, catch—catches。
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为-ies。
study—studies, try—tries, carry—carries, apply—applies。
注：不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。
2. 现在分词的构成
①一般情况下在动词后加-ing；study—studying, work—working
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加-ing；write—writing, move—moving
③以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加-ing； get—getting, begin—beginning
④以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing。lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying
3. 过去式和过去分词的构成
①一般情况直接加-ed； ask—asked, work—worked。
②以不发音的e结尾，只加-d； love—loved, dance—danced。
③以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加-ed； try—tried, study—studied。
④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双末尾一个字母，再加-ed。stop—stopped, permit—permitted。
另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。
三、动词的用法：
1. 实义动词
实义动词又叫行为动词，包括及物动词（vt）和不及物动词(vi)。可以接宾语的叫及物动词，不可以接宾语的叫不及物动词。
①及物动词后可以接单宾语，双宾语或复合宾语，有被动语态。多数动词后接单宾语，但有些动词后接双宾语或复合宾语。
a. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构可改写为“vt+sth+to+sb”。
give, hand, pass, post, promise, show, read, return, teach, wish, lend, take, sell, send, serve, owe, loan, offer, award, mail, rent等。
b. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构可改写为“vt+sth+for+sb”。
buy, find, paint, choose, cook, draw, make, order, save, purchase, book, cut, design, fix, keep, mix, pick, set, pour, reserve, win等。
c. 以下动词后接双宾语，即“vt+sb（间接宾语）+sth（直接宾语）”，此结构即可用to来改写，也可用for来改写。
bring, do, get, play, sing, tell, leave, write等。
d. 有些动词后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整语意时，须加宾语补足语进一步补充说明，使句意完整，这种宾语叫复合宾语，即“vt+宾语+补足语（形容词/名词/副词/介词短语/do/to do/doing/done）”。
▲常见的接形容词（短语）作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+形容词”的动词有：
declare宣布 drive驱使 consider认为 cut切 find发现
dye染 force逼迫 imagine想像 get 使 leave使
paint漆 set使 keep使保持 think认为 push推 believe认为
▲常见的接名词（短语）作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+名词”的动词有：
appoint任命 believe认为 call叫 consider认为 choose选择 elect选举
find认为 guess猜测 judge判断 keep使 make使变为 name命名
▲常见的接副词或介词短语作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+副词或介词短语”的动词有：
ask叫，让 allow允许 invite邀请 see 看见 show带领 shut关闭
keep保持 find发现 make使 regard看作 discover发现 leave使
▲常见的接do作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+ do”的动词有：（此结构在改为被动语态时要带to。）
feel 感觉 listen to听 hear听到 make 使 let使 have使
watch观看 see 看见 notice注意 observe 观察 look at看 help帮助
口诀：一感二听三使五看半帮助（两均可）
▲常见的接to do作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+to do”的动词有：
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 cause使，引起 challenge挑战
command命令 expect期望 forbid禁止 inspire鼓舞 instruct 指导
mean打算 oblige强制，迫使 persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 tell 告诉
trust信任 wish希望 warn警告 enable使能够 encourage 鼓励
force强迫，迫使 get使 intend打算 invite邀请 order命令
permit允许 remind提醒 teach教 urge敦促，力劝 want想要
would like想要
▲常见的接doing作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+doing”的动词有：
listen to听 hear听到 watch观看 see 看见 notice注意
observe 观察 look at看 catch撞见 discover 发现 find发现
get使 have使 keep使 bear容忍 smell闻到
▲常见的接done作宾语补足语，即“vt+宾语+done”的动词有：
feel 感觉 listen to听 hear听到 make 使 get使 have使
let让 watch观看 see 看见 notice注意 observe 观察 look at看
②不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，无被动语态。
a.有些不及物动词（其主语大都指物）的主动语态可表示被动的意义，这种不及物动词有下列几种：
▲某些连系动词用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。这类系动词有 look, sound, feel, taste, smell, appear, seem, go, turn, become, get, grow, fall, prove, keep, stay等。
The roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来很香。
Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很软。
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
Your sentence doesn’t sound right. 你的话听起来不大对头。
What he said proved to be correct. 事实证明他的话是正确的。
▲表示开始、结束的动词如begin, start, finish, close, stop, end等，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
Class begins at eight. 八点钟开始上课。
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 商店每天下午六点钟关门。
▲表示主语某种属性特征的动词如sell, read, write, wear, wash, clean, cook, cut, measure, run, record, draw, drive, dry, drink等，当它们与well, easily, perfectly等副词连用时，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
The machine runs well. 机器运转良好。
Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错。
This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用。
This coat wears well. 这件大衣经穿。
▲在口语中，一些动词如lock, shut, open, act, move等与can’t或won’t连用，用主动语态的形式表示被动的意义。
His car can’t move. 他的车不能开了。
The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。
b. 常见的不及物动词有：
agree同意 ache疼痛 apologise 道歉 appear出现 arrive到达
come来 disappear 消失 exist存在 fall掉 flow 流淌
go去 graduate毕业 happen发生 take place发生 occur发生
lie 躺 rise升起 stay呆，留 die死 live居住
smile微笑 sleep睡觉 swim 游泳 weep抽泣 vary 变化
③有些动词即可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，在此不再一一列举。
2. 连系动词:
连系动词又叫系动词，是连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。连系动词后一般可跟形容词、名词、不定式、介词短语或句子等作表语。
表示状态类的连系动词：be, remain（仍然是，依旧是）等。
I am a teacher. 我是老师。
She is beautiful. 她漂亮。
This matter remains a mystery. 这件事仍然是个谜。
②表示“保持”类的连系动词：keep, stay, remain, stand等。
He always keep silent at the meeting. 在会议上，他总是保持沉默。
Please stand still when taken photos. 当照相时，请站着别动。
③表示“起来”类的连系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound, appear, seem等。
The flowers look beautiful. 这些花看起来很漂亮。
The soup smells delicious. 这汤闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很柔软。
He looked a little nervous when he got up on stage. 当他走上舞台时，显得有点紧张。
He appeared puzzled. 她显得迷惑不解。
She seems very sad. 她看起来很伤心。
④表示“变得”类的连系动词：go, become, grow, get, turn, fall, run, come等。
The machine goes wrong. 那台机器出了毛病。
His illness becomes better. 他的病变好了。
His hair grew gray. 他头发变得灰白了。
Days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。
In autumn, leaves turn yellow. 秋天，树叶变黄了。
The baby fell asleep. 那个孩子睡着了。
The well has run dry. 井已经变干了。
His dream has come true. 他的梦想变成现实了。
⑤表示“证明”“结果”类的连系动词：prove, turn out等。
The theory proved right. 这一理论证明是正确的。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划证明是成功的。
注：英语中有很多固定的系表结构，已形成习惯用法：（请牢记）
come true变成现实，实现 fall asleep/ill 入睡/生病 get lost/ready 迷路/准备好
keep clean and tidy保持整洁 lie waste 荒废 stand still/firm站着不动/不让步
stay fresh 保持新鲜 run short缺乏 keep calm/silent 保持冷静/安静
turn 18 长到18岁 become a teacher = turn teacher 成为老师
go mad/wrong/bad/hungry 发疯/出差错/变坏/挨饿
3. 情态动词：(参看其语法专项)
4. 助动词：
助动词是用来构成否定句、疑问句、时态、语态和加强语气，有人称和时态的变化。最常用的助动词有：be, do, have, will, shall, would, should等。
1）助动词be的用法：
①“be+现在分词”，构成进行时态。
I am talking. 我在讲话。
He was listening a lecture at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他在听讲座。
They are watching TV. 他们正在看电视。
We were having a meeting. 我们在开会。
②“be+过去分词”，构成被动语态。
English is spoken by many people. 许多人讲英语。
They are praised for their passing the exam.他们因通过考试而受到了表扬。
③“be+不定式”的用法。
a. 表示计划或安排，意为“将要，打算”。
Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿不久就要结婚了。
We are to help the old. 我们要去帮助那些老人。
b. 表示指示，命令或要求等，意为“必须，应该，可以”。
You are to explain this. 你必须对此作出解释。
You are not to smoke in the office. 你不可以在办公室里抽烟。
c. 表示可能性，意为“可能”。
Who is to question him? 谁有可能审问他？
Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书哪个图书馆都可能有。
d. 用于条件句中，意为“想要（如何）”。
If you are to pass the exam, you must study hard.
如果你想要通过考试的话，你必须努力学习。
In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.
在这样干燥的天气里，如果花儿想要存活，他们必须被浇水。
e. 用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见，意为“应该”。
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Where am I to fix up the tent? 我该在哪里支起帐篷？
f. 表示目的，主语的工作，性质等。
The dinner is to honour the guests. 这顿饭是宴请客人的。
My job is to teach. 我的工作是教书。
2）助动词have的用法：
①“have+过去分词”，构成完成时态。
He has left for London. 他已去伦敦了。
We have learned 5000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们已学了5000个英语单词。
②“have+been+现在分词”，构成完成进行时态。
It has been raining. 雨一直在下。
They have been talking for three hours. 他们一直谈了三个小时。
③“have+been+过去分词”，构成完成式被动语态。
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年了。
3）助动词do的用法：
①构成一般疑问句。
Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗？
Does he come from China? 他来自中国吗？
Did they get home? 他们到家了吗？
②构成否定句。
I don’t like that book. 我不喜欢那本书。
He doesn’t speak English. 他不讲英语。
We didn’t watch TV last night. 昨天晚上我们没有看电视。
③构成否定祈使句。（只能用do,不能用does/did。）
Don’t open the door, please. 请不要开门。
④do起加强语气作用。（位于陈述句句中，意为“的确，确实，果真”；位于祈使句首，意为“一定，务必”。）
I do like English. 我的确喜欢英语。
He does go there. 他的确去过那儿。
They did watch TV last night. 昨天晚上他们的确看电视了。
Do come tonight. 今晚一定要来。
⑤用于倒装句。（引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, well, so, neither, nor等。）
Never do they go there. 他们从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he watch TV. 他很少看电视。
Only then did he realise his mistakes. 只是在那时，他才意识到他的错误。
⑥用于代替曾出现过的动词。
——Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？
——Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。
He comes from the USA, doesn’t he? 他来自美国，不是吗？
4）助动词shall和will的用法：
Shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，shall只用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。
I shall never forget my students. 我永远不会忘记我的学生。
He will go to Beijing. 他要去北京。
5）助动词should和would的用法：
should无词义，只是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。would无词义，只是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时， 用于第二、三人称。
He hoped we should go there the next day. 他希望我们第二天去那儿。
He said he would come. 他说他要来。
5. 使役动词:
所谓“使役”，就是用来表示“叫/使/让某人干某事；使…处于某种状态”一类的动词。常见的有make, let, have, get, keep, leave, set, send等。
①make+O+do/done/n/adj/prep
The boss made them work long hours.
老板强迫他们工作很长时间。（此结构改为被动语态时要带to。）
She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.
演讲时，她尽量表达清楚自己的意思。
We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
Too much food made him ill. 吃得太多使他病了。
Make yourself at home. 请不要客气。
②let+O+do/adv/prep
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
Let him out. 让他出去。
Who let you into the building? 谁让你进到楼里的？
③have+O+do/doing/done/adj/prep
I had Tom find me a house. 我让汤姆替我找所房子。
They had the fire burning all night. 他们让火烧了一夜。
He had his hair cut yesterday. 昨天他请人理发了。
They have everything ready for the next year. 他们为第二年做好了一切准备。
I only have good children in my house. 我只让乖孩子进我家。
④get+O+to do/doing/done/adj/prep
You should get your friend to help you. 你应该叫朋友来帮助你。
They got the boy waiting outside. 他们让那个男孩在外面一直等着。
He got his hair cut yesterday. 昨天他请人理发了。
Get everything ready before you start. 出发前把一切准备好。
Get the cat out of the house before your mother sees it.
把那只猫从屋里赶走，以免你妈妈看见。
⑤keep+O+doing/done/adj/adv/prep/n
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。
We must keep the documents locked up. 我们一定要把文件锁好。
You must keep your clothes clean. 你们要保持衣服整洁。
What have kept you away for so long? 什么事让你离开这么久？
She likes to keep everything in good order. 她喜欢把所有的东西都放得整整齐齐。
Keep it a secret from others. 此事对别人保密。
⑥leave+O+doing/done/adj/adv/prep/n
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面雨里等着。
He went to bed and left the work unfinished. 他上床睡觉了，留下工作未完成。
He left the door open. 他让门开着。
They left the lights on all night. 他们让灯亮了一夜。
Don’t leave the baby by itself. 不要把那个孩子单独留下。
His parents’ death left him an orphan. 他父母的去世使他成为了孤儿。
⑦set+O+doing/adj/prep
They set the machine going. 他们使机器发动起来
I opened the cage and set the bird free. 我打开笼子把鸟放了。
She set the room in order. 他把房间整理好
⑧send+O+doing/adj/prep
The fire sent everyone running out of the building. 大火使得大家都从楼里跑了出来。
This noise will send me mad. 这吵声会使我发疯。
The news sent the family into great excitement. 这个消息令一家人非常兴奋。?
6. 非谓语动词：(参看其语法专项)
7. 动作动词：包括延续性动词和非延续性动词。
①延续性动词又称持续性动词，表示可以持续的动作、行为或状态。此类动词可和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：keep, know, lie, live, play, rain, snow, read, run, sing, sleep, smoke等
It has rained for three days. 雨已下了三天了。
We have known each other since 1980. 自从1980以来，我们就彼此认识。
②非延续性动词又称终止性动词，表示瞬间完成的行为或过程。此类动词一般不可和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：die, fall, go, hit, join, jump, leave, lose, marry, come, arrive等。
He has joined the army. 他已经参军了。
He joined the army three years ago.=He has been in the army for three years.
他三年前参军了。
8. 状态动词：表示主语所处状态。如：stand, lie, sit等。
They stood there, reading. 他们站在那儿看书。
He sat on the chair quietly. 他静静地坐在椅子上。
四、动词短语的构成：
由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语，相当于一个动词的作用，称为动词短语。其构成主要有以下四种。
①动词+介词（常用的介词有：at, for, from, of, with, on, to, into等）
adjust to 适应 answer for 负责 break into 闯入
care for 喜欢，想要 call on 拜访
②动词+副词（有些相当于一个及物动词，有些相当于一个不及物动词。）
▲及物动词： bring up 培养 carry out 执行 make out 辨认出 put down 镇压
▲不及物动词：stay up 熬夜 come out 出版 break down打破，毁掉 set off 出发
③动词+名词+介词
find fault with 挑错，找茬 pay attention to 注意 make fun of 取笑 set foot in 涉足
④动词+副词+介词
keep up with 跟上 put up with 忍受 go in for 从事，喜欢 date back to 追溯到
五、常见的动词短语：
以下这些动词短语在高考中经常出现，请牢记。
1. bring短语：
bring about 带来，造成
bring back 带回来，拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复
bring down 使倒下；使下降；打倒；击落
bring forth 产生
bring forward 提出，提议；提前
bring in 收（庄稼等）；提出，引进，引入，增加
bring on 引起，导致，有助于，改进；提出
bring out 使显现，阐明；出版，生产；使……说出
bring over 把……带来；使某人转变（思想、信仰等）
bring through 使度过困难
bring to 使恢复知觉
bring up 教育；培养，养育；呕吐；打断
2. break短语：
break away from 摆脱，脱离
break in 闯入，打断，插嘴
break into 破门而入；突然……起来
break into/to pieces （使）成为碎片
break off 折断，打断；休息一下；断绝，结束，解除（婚约）
break out （战争、火灾、瘟疫等）爆发，发生
break through 突破，突围，冲垮
break with 同……决裂；破除，结束
break down 打破，毁掉；制服，压倒；垮，坍塌；抛锚，坏；（身体）垮下来；分解；降低，不成功
break up 拆散，打碎；分裂，分解；（学校）放假，（会议）结束；（精神）崩溃，垮掉
3. carry短语：
carry away 运走，拿走；使着迷
carry back 运回，拿回；使回想起
carry it 获胜
carry off 夺去……生命；强行带走；获得；完成
carry on 继续开展，进行下去；坚持下去；吵吵闹闹
carry out 履行，执行，完成，实现
carry over 继续下去；转入
carry through 进行（到底），贯彻；使渡过
4. call短语：
call at拜访（某地）
call away 叫走
call back 叫回，召回，收回；回电话；回想起
call for 要求，需要，提倡；来找（某人），来取（某物）
call forth 唤起，引起；鼓起
call off 叫走；放弃，取消
call on 拜访（某人）；号召，请求
call out 出动；唤起，引起；命令（工人）罢工；大声喊叫
call over 点名
call up 打电话；回忆起；应征入伍
5. come短语：
come about 发生；（风等）改变方向
come across （偶然）遇到，碰见
come again 再来，再说一遍
come along/on 进展，进步；（健康状况）好转；出现，碰巧遇到；快点，加把劲
come at 袭击；得到，达到
come away 脱落
come back 回来；记起，回忆起；
come by 从旁走过；得到，获得
come down 下来，降下；倒下，倒塌；流传下来；生病，病倒；减价；付款，捐钱
come for 来接（人），来取（物）
come in 进来；到达，（火车）进站
come in for 接受，受到
come into 进入；得到；继承
come near 走近；接近，赶得上；几乎，差一点就……
come of 出身于；由……引起，是……的结果；达到
come on 跟着来；进步，进展；开始……起来，袭击；举行，上演，放映；快！得啦！
come over 过来；顺便来访；转变
come round 来，前来；苏醒过来；
come through 经历；获得成功；收到，到达
come to 共计，达到；达到……地步，归结为；苏醒
come to an end 结束
come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟过来
come up 走近；上来，上楼；长出，长芽；发生；提出，提及
come up against 遭到（困难、反对等）
come up to 达到，符合
come up with 想出，提出，提供；赶上
come out 出来，出版；长出，发芽，开花；传出，露出；罢工；（相片）显现，
（照片）冲洗出来；（意思）表达清楚；获得名次；算出来，总计
6. cut短语：
cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过；违反，和……相反；超越
cut at 向……猛击；危害；毁掉
cut down 砍倒；（疾病等）夺去生命；削减，缩短；毁灭，破坏
cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超车抢道
cut out 切掉，删掉；使适合；停止，放弃；取代
cut up 切碎，切掉；使丧气，使痛心
cut through抄近路穿过；刺穿，剪断
cut off 切掉，剪下，删去；切断，断绝；（突然）中止；（病）使死亡；
7. do短语：
do away with 废除，撤消；弄死
do by 对待
do down 胜过
do for （人）配做……；（物）适用于……
do in 杀害；使极度疲乏；欺骗
do out 打扫，收拾
do up 修缮，粉刷，整理；包扎，扣好
do well 做得好，处理得好
do with 处理，对付
do without 没有……也行
do wrong 做错；作恶；犯罪
8. fall短语：
fall asleep 入睡
fall back 后退，退却
fall behind 落后，跟不上；拖欠
fall ill患病
fall off 下降，跌落；减少，缩小
fall on 开始（行动）；正当，适逢；攻击；落到
fall out 争吵，闹翻；结果，脱落
fall out of 放弃（习惯）
fall over 向前摔倒
fall through 归于失败，落空
fall to 开始……；……起来
fall to pieces 崩溃，倒塌
9. get短语：
get about 走动，到处跑；（消息）传开；旅行
get above 超过，克服
get across 使通过；使被理解，把……讲清楚
get along/on 进展，进行；过活，生活；相处融洽
get away 逃脱，离开
get away with 侥幸做成
get back 回来；送回，带回；恢复，取回
get by通过，走过；勉强混过
get down 下来；写下来，记下来；使情绪低落，使身体虚弱
get down to 开始认真（干某事）
get home 到家
get in 进来，进站，回家：收（庄稼）；请大夫；乘车
get in touch with 与……取得联系
get into 进入，陷入；养成……习惯；学会（某事）
get off 下车；从……下来；取下来，脱下来；动身，起飞
get on 上车
get on with 与……相处；进行某事
get out (of ) 出去，离开；逃离；泄露；公布，出版
get over 爬过（墙等）；克服（困难、偏见等）；熬过，做完（不愉快的事），
走完（一段路程）；从……中恢复过来；向……讲清楚，让……理解
get rid of 摆脱，除掉
get round 传开；绕开,避开；说服，争取
get through 完成；通过（议案、考试）；度过；穿过，漏进来；给……接通电话
get to 到达；开始（某事）
get up 起床；站起来
10. give短语：
give away 捐赠，赠送；分发；泄露，出卖；放弃
give back 归还，恢复；后退
give forth发出（气味，声音等）；发表
give in 屈服，让步；呈交，交上；宣布，表示
give into 通向
give off 发出（蒸气、光等）
give out 分发；发出（气味、热等）；发表，公布；用完耗尽，精疲力竭
give up 放弃；投降，认输
give way to 让位于，被……代替；给……让路，对……让步
11. go短语：
go about 从事，干；走动，（消息等）流传
go after 追求，追逐，设法获得
go against 违反，反对；不利于
go ahead 走在前面，前进；干吧，说吧，用吧
go along 前进，进行；和……一道去
go round 到处去；（疾病、谣言等）传开
go back (to) 回去；追溯到
go between 调停
go beyond 超出，越出
go by 走过，过去；顺便走访；依照，依据，遵循
go down 下降，下跌；（太阳）落山，（船只）沉没，（风）息，（海）平静；
（肿）消，（轮胎等）没气；（食物等）被咽下；被接受，受欢迎；
倒下，病倒，垮台；被载入，传下去
go Dutch 各付各的钱
go for 去找（某人），设法得到（某物）；出去（进行某种活动）；
袭击，向……进攻；喜欢，支持，偏爱；也如此，对……也适用；被认为
go in for 酷爱，嗜好；从事于，参加；主张，赞成
go into 调查，了解，研究；进入，加入
go off 离去；去世，消失；（水电）断掉；坏了，变差；爆炸，（铃）响；对……不感兴趣
go on 继续做某事；进展，发生；依据；（电灯）亮，（暖气）热；去（访问、旅行）
go out 出去；熄灭；不时兴，过时了；下台，辞职
go over 复习，温习；仔细查看；渡，越
go through 经历，经过；做完，用完；成功，通过；仔细查看，浏览；参加，履行
go up 上升，上涨；增长
go wrong 出毛病
go home 回家
12. hold短语：
hold back 阻止，抑制；扣住，隐瞒
hold off 拖延，推迟；使疏远，使避开
hold on 继续；抓住……不放，坚持；不挂断
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出声
hold onto 力图保持，尽力保住
hold out 伸出，提出，提供；坚持，不退让，忍受
hold to 坚持；紧握
hold up 延误，耽搁，阻挡，使停顿；拦劫，抢劫
hold water （容器）盛得住水；（论点）站得住脚
hold with 赞同，赞成
13. keep短语：
keep an eye on 留神照看
keep at 坚持做（某事）
keep away (from) 避开，不接近
keep back 隐瞒不讲；扣，留下；阻止
keep body and soul together 勉强活着
keep doing sth 一直不断地做某事（表示状态或动作的持续。）
keep on doing sth 继续做某事（表示动作的重复。）
keep down 控制，限制；压迫，镇压
keep（…）from（…） 隐瞒，瞒住；阻止……做……
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep off （使）不踩（吃、谈等）；（使）避开
keep out 挡住，使进不去，不要进来
keep out of 使……不进入；不惹（麻烦）
keep silent 保持安静，保持沉默
keep time 守时
keep up 保持；维修，维护，保持良好状态；继续
keep up with 跟上，不落后
14. knock短语：
knock about 接连打击，碰撞；漫游，闲逛；虐待
knock at/on 敲（门、窗等）
knock down 撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到
knock over 撞翻
knock off 停止；扣除
knock up 匆匆建造；赚钱
knock out 击昏，击倒
knock out of 把……从……中敲出来
15. let短语：
let alone 更不用说，更何况
let sb alone 不要管/惹/碰，不打扰，不惊动
let sb/sth down 使失望，辜负；把……放下来/长；降低
let in 漏水（气等）；欺骗；让……进去
let me see 让我想想看
let off 燃放，排放，使爆炸，开枪；放过，宽恕
let out 泄露，透漏；发出（叫声）；出租；放长，放大；放走，释放
let through 使……通过
16. look短语：
look about 环顾四周
look after 照顾，照料，注意，关心
look at 看；看待，对待
look back (on/upon) 回顾，回想
look down on/upon 蔑视，瞧不起
look for 寻找；惹起，招来
look forward to 盼望
look in 顺路走访
look into 向……里面看；调查，检查
look on 旁观
look on…as… 把……当作……
look oneself （健康状况）正常
look out 当心，注意
look over 快速地查看
look through 浏览，仔细查看；察看，参观
look up 抬头看，向上看；查寻；好转，有起色
look up and down 上下打量
look up to 尊重，敬重
17. make短语：
make ends meet 量入为出
make for 走向，朝……前进；有利于，导致；袭击，冲向
make of 用……制成……（看出原材料）
make from 用……制成……（看不出原材料）
make into 把……制成……；使转变为……
make out 辨认出，看出；理解，了解；填写，开列
make up 组成，构成；编造，虚构；占；化妆，打扮；弥补；和好，和解
make up for 弥补，偿还，赔偿（用好东西或其他方式）
make up of 由……构成
make up one’s mind 下决心
make use of 利用
be made of 由……制成（看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成……（看不出原材料）
be made out of 用……制成/改制成……（接原材料或另一物名称）
be made into 把……做成（某产品）
be made in 在……制造（接时间或地点）
be made up of 由……组成
18. put短语：
put about（使……）转向，（使……）向后转；散布，宣称
put across/over 解释，说明
put aside 储蓄
put away/ by 把……收起来/放好
put back 把（钟、表）拨慢；推迟，阻碍
put down 平定，镇压
put down for 登记，注册
put down to 把……归因于
put forward 提出；向前拨
put into 把……译成
put …into prison 把……投进监狱
put off 推迟，拖延，延期
put on 穿上，戴上；装出，假装，装作有；增加，提高；演出，上演
put out 扑灭，熄灭；出版，发布
put through （把电话）拨通；做成，完成
put up 建造，搭起；张贴；抬高，提高；为……提供膳宿
put up to 纵容，鼓动，教唆
put up with 忍耐，容忍
put the fat in the fire 火上浇油
One can’t put the clock back. 既往不可追。
19. pay短语：
pay for 付……的钱；为……付出代价
pay back 偿还；报答，向……报复
pay off 付清，偿清；得到好结果，获得成功
pay in 缴款
pay up 付清，缴清
20. run短语：
run across 无意间碰到，偶然遇到
run after 追逐，追求
run against 对……不利，违反；撞；和……竞选
run away 逃走，离家
run away from 逃避，携……而逃
run into偶然遇到；陷入
run out 用完，结束；流出，突出（主语是物）
run out of 用完，结束（主语是人）
run over 碾压，压死，压伤
run short （某物）快用完了；（钱）不够用了
run through 匆忙看一遍；用完；扎穿，捅穿
run for 竞赛，竞选
on the run 跑着，逃跑；奔走，奔波
in the long run 从长远的观点看来；终究，毕竟；最后，结果
in the short run 从短期看来
21. see短语：
see about 负责处理；考虑
see after 照顾
see off 给……送行
see through 看穿，看透，识破；把……进行到底，帮助某人渡过困难
see to 负责，注意（某事）；照顾（某人）
see ( to it ) that 注意使……，务必使……
See you later/soon/again 再会，再见
you see 你瞧；你是知道的；你听我说
22. set短语：
set about 着手做，开始做
set sb an example=set an example to sb 给某人树立了榜样
set aside/by 存蓄，留出
set fire to=set…on fire 放火烧……
set foot in 踏上，登上，涉足
set forth 出发，动身；陈述，提出
set off出发，动身；引起
set out出发，动身；开始，着手，打算
set to work 开始干
set up 竖立；建立，成立
set up home 建立家园，成家
set a record 创纪录
set the table 摆桌子
be set in 以……为背景
23. send短语：
send away 派遣，开除，解雇
send for 派人去请
send forth 发出（光、热、气味等）；生出（叶子，芽等）
send in 呈报，递
send off 寄出；给……送行
send out 发送，派遣；发出（光、热、气味等）；长出（叶子，芽等）
send up 发射，发出；使上涨/升
24. stand短语：
stand by 站在一旁，袖手旁观；站在……一边，支持；遵守；待命，准备好
stand for 代表，象征；主张，支持
stand out 显眼；出色
stand up 站起来；站得住脚，经得起
25. take短语：
take a boat/bus 坐船/车
take a look 看一看
take a rest 休息
take a photo/picture 照相
take a seat 坐下
take a taxi 打的
take a walk 散步
take an action 采取行动
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
take after 像
take aim 瞄准
take along 随身携带
take apart 拆开
take away 拿走，带走；夺去
take back 收回（所说的话）；拿回，带回，认错
take…by surprise 使……吃惊，出奇兵攻占
take care (of) 小心；照顾；保管
take charge (of) 掌管，负责
take down 记下，录下，拿下；拆卸，拆毁
take exercise 运动
take food 进食，吃东西
take…for… 认为，以为，误认为
take the trouble to do sth 不辞辛劳地干某事
take in 欺骗；摄取，吸收；领会，理解；接受，接纳，收容；包含，包括；改小（衣服）
take in one’s arm 拥抱
take it easy 别着急，不紧张，放心好了
take lessons in 跟人学习……
take…lying down 甘受……
take medicine 服药，吃药
take off 脱掉；起飞
take on 呈现（面貌），具有（特征）；雇佣，接纳；承担，从事
take on a new look 呈现新貌
take one’s place 就位，就坐；做某人的座位；代替某人的职位
take one’s seat 就坐
take one’s time 不急，慢慢干
take out 拿出，取出；带……出去
take over 接管，接收，接任
take part in 参加
take place 发生，举行
take possession of 占有，拥有
take pride in 以……自豪，对……感到得意
take sides in 站在……一边
take sth for granted 认为某事当然
take the place of 代替，取代
take to 喜欢，亲近；养成（……的习惯），沉湎于；开始，开始从事于
take turns 替换，轮流
take up 拿起；开始，着手处理；继续，把……继续下去；占，占据，占去（时间、场所等）
26. throw短语：
throw about 到处扔；舞动（手脚等）
throw at 向……扔去
throw away 扔掉，抛弃；浪费（金钱等）；坐失（良机）
throw by 扔掉（无用之物）；扔在一边
throw down 扔掉，扔下，使倒下
throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱掉
throw it like that 像那样扔出去
throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事
throw doubt on 使人对……产生怀疑
throw light on 阐明，使明白，使……显得非常清楚
throw over 抛弃，遗弃；拒绝
throw up 抛起，举起；放弃（职位等）；呕吐
27. turn短语：
turn against 背叛，对……不利
turn away 走开，离开，把……打发走；转过脸去
turn back 折回，往回走；翻回到；挡住
turn down 关小，调低；拒绝
turn from side to side （把身体）转过来转过去
turn in 转身进入，拐入；上床睡觉；交出，上缴
turn into 进入；使成为，使变成，翻译成
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开；把……对准/指向
turn out 驱逐；出来，出动；结果是，证明是，原来是；制造，生产
turn over 打翻；翻身；翻动
turn to 翻到；转向；求助于；开始干，着手做
turn up 调高，调大；出现，露面
turn upside down 把……完全颠倒
by turns 轮流，交替
in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来
It’s your turn now. 现在轮到你了。
take one’s turn 该谁做……了，轮到谁做……了
take turns 依次，轮流
28. work短语：
work at 做；从事；学习；攻读
work away 不停地继续工作
work hard at 努力学习，努力工作
work on 继续工作；从事于
work out 算出，解决；做出，设计出，制订出；运动；有好结果
at work （人）在工作，（机器）在运转，（因素）在起作用；从事于，忙于
in work 在业，有工作；正在完成之中
out of work 失业；（机器等）有毛病
set to work 开始工作
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。
2020年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（20江苏卷）27. There will still be lots of challenges if we are to ______ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
2.（20江苏卷）34. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
3.（20天津卷）8. I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A. drank a toast to B. played a joke on C. kept an eye on D. made an apology to
4.（20天津卷）13. We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A. take up B. carry out C. keep on D. put off
5.（20天津卷）11. We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A. understood B. accepted C. compromised D. declined
2019年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（19江苏卷）24. More wind power stations will ____________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up
2.（19江苏卷）34. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ___ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
3.（19天津卷）9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t _______ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off
2017年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（17天津卷）5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
2.（17江苏卷）25.Working with the medical team in Africa has ______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
3.（17江苏卷）30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
2016年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
(16江苏)25. He did not______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
2. (16江苏)30. Many businesses started up by college students have_____thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
3. (16江苏)33.Parents should actively urge their children to__ the opportunity to join sports teams. A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
4. (16天津)8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
5. (16天津)12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
6. (16天津)14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
7. (16浙江)8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than ____ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
8. (16浙江)9. Silk _____ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. reject C. control D. abandon
9. (16浙江)12.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ___from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
10. (16浙江)14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
2015年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1. If you come to visit China, you will ___ a culture of amazing depth and variety.（2015安徽22）
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
2. Tom had to __ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.（2015天津10）
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
3. Body language can _______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.（2015浙江7）
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
4. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _______ our emotions than for straight facts. （2015浙江11）
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
5. The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt. （2015江苏27）
A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for
6. The whole team ______ Cristiano Donald, and he seldom lets them down. （2015江苏29）
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
7. Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later. （2015湖北26）
A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up
8. It is said that body language _______ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. （2015福建25）
A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with
9. The team are working hard to _____ the problem so that they can find the best solution. （2015湖北23）
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
Peter will _______ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.（2015陕西25）
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
11. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _______ on the sea?（2015浙江16）
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split
If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better ______ your doctor at once.（2015天津11）
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
13. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _______ to their greatest potential. （2015江苏22）
A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop
14. In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _______ that someone was moving about upstairs. （2015湖北24）
A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain
15. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. （2015湖北25）
A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up
16. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. （2015天津14）
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
2014年高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2014江苏卷）25. Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated
2.（2014江苏卷）30. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I’ll go right away and ________.
A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off
3.（2014江苏卷）33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ___ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall
4.（2014安徽卷）26. Terry, please your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
A. look up from B. look into C. look back on D. look through
5.（2014安徽卷）28. When the sports hero at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up B. left off C. moved on D. got away
6.（2014安徽卷）34. Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really _____ the test of time.
A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted
7.（2014大纲卷）31. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.
A. goes back on B. takes away from C. makes up for D. catches up with
8.（2014福建卷）25. It is widely acknowledged that students should be _____ in terms of overall quality.
A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled
9.（2014福建卷）33. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can _____ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of
10.（2014湖北卷）23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ____ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
A. slipped B. skied C. signaled D. sank
11.（2014湖北卷）24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised
12.（2014湖北卷）25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.
A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along
13.（2014湖北卷）26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ____ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across B. dealt with C. looked after D. went for
14.（2014陕西卷）18. Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down
15.（2014天津卷）9. My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education.
A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay
16. （2014天津卷）13. The two countries are going to meet to _____ some barriers to trade between them.
A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down
17.（2014浙江卷）7. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.
A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause
18.（2014浙江卷）9. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen.
A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict
19. （2014浙江卷）19. How could you __ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to
20.（2014江西卷）27. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ______ some serious work.
A. come up with B. get down to C. do away with D. live up to
21.（2014江西卷）29. I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ______ me.
A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse
2013年全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2013福建）24. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ______ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A. enjoys B. involves C. practices D. suggests
2.（2013福建）28. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ______ in disasters.
A. turn down B. turn out C. break down D. break out
3.（2013湖北）23. While intelligent people can often _____ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A. sacrifice B. substitute C. simplify D. survive
4.（2013湖北） 24. According to the law, all foreigners have to ______ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A. associate B. dispute C. negotiate D. register
5.（2013湖北）25. Butterflies ______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A. carry on B. feed on C. put on D. focus on
6.（2013湖北）26. In much of the animal world, night is the time ______ for sleep—pure and simple.
A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set up
7.（2013江苏）23. —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too. The character of the town is well______.
A. qualified B. preserved C. decorated D. simplified
8.（2013江苏）29. Team leaders must ensure that all members ______ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A. get over B. look over C. take over D. come over
9.（2013江西）27. Mother always complains that children _______ their shoes very quickly.
A. find out B. wash out C. wear out D. set out
10.（2013江西）31. She _____ the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.
A. connected B. fitted C. equipped D. matched.
11.（2013辽宁）32. Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A. get away B. take over C. set off D. run out
12.（2013陕西）25. My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ______.
A. cut out B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off
13.（2013天津）2. If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to ______ a hand.
A. lend B. shake C. wave D. want
14.（2013天津）8. I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to ______.
A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on
15.（2013新课标II卷）2. Would you like to ______ with us to the film tonight?
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
16.（2013新课标II卷）8. The watch was very good, and he ______ 20 percent down for it.
A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent
17. （2013新课标I卷）23. Try not to cough more than you can _____ since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A. check B. allow C. stop D. help
18. （2013新课标I卷）30. At the last moment, Tom decided to _____ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off
19.（2013浙江）9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ______ it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
20.（2013浙江）12. A good listener takes part in the conversation, ______ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
21. （2013浙江）17. Bears _____ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
22.（2013安徽）26. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ______ on their life journey.
A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off
2012年全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编
1.（2012全国卷I）27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _____ almost every word her teacher says.
A. put out??????? ?B. put down? ????????C. put away?? ?? ???D. put together
2.（2012全国卷I）35. If she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will _______ her.
A. persuade ??????B. promise??? ??????? C. invite??????????? D. support
3.（2012全国卷II）12. We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A. set about????? ??? B. set up? ????????? ??C. set out?????? ?? ????????D. set down
4. （2012天津卷）13. Parents and children should communicate more to ______ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A. open?????????????????? B. narrow?????????? C. widen?????????? D. leave
5.（2012江苏卷） 26. — OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.
—You can’t _______ your responsibilities.
A. run off with ???????????? B. run up against ? ????C. run out of???? ???D. run away from
6.（2012湖北卷）21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.
A. sponsor?????????????????B. launch???????????? C. organize ???????? ??D. plan
7. （2012湖北卷）22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft.
A. approved?????? B. quoted???????????????????? ???C. polished??? ?????? D. folded
8.（2012湖北卷）23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A. hold up?????? ? B. keep up? ?????????C. set up???????? ????? ?D. take up
9.（2012湖北卷）24. I’m so glad you’ve come here to ________ this matter in person.
A. lead to??? ??????? B. see to ??????????? ????C. turn to??? ????????????? ?D. refer to
10.（2012安徽卷）28. The athlete’s years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A. went on?????? ? B. got through???? ????? C. paid off ??????????? ?D. ended up?
11.（2012福建卷）29.You had better _____ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A. set aside????? ?????? B. take up???????????????????? C. put away??? ???? D. give out
12.（2012陕西卷）19. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air—conditioning system ________.
A. broke in ??????????? B. broke up ????????? ???C. broke out ????????? ?D. broke down
13.（2012四川卷）20. It’s surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.
A. picked up? ???? B. looked up?? ???? ???C. put up?? ?????????? ?D. made up
14. （2012江西卷）24. I’ve ________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
???? A. come into????????? B. gone into??????? C. got into ????????D. run into
15.（2012江西卷）30．We all agreed that the cottage would ________ a perfect holiday home for the family.
???? A. make?????????????? B. turn??????????? C. take??????????? D. have
16.（2012浙江卷）12. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to _____?from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A. differ????????????????? B. shrink??????????????????? C. fail?????????????????????? D. decline
17.（2012浙江卷）15. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _______ preparing your business plan.
A. set out???????????????? B. set about?????????????? C. set off????????????????? D. set up
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