2021-2022学年北师大版高中英语单元测试卷：必修2 Unit 4 Cyberspace-B卷 基础过关检查（Word版含答案）

2021-2022学年北师大版高中英语单元基础过关检测卷(B卷)
必修2 Unit 4 Cyberspace
(满分100分 用时40分钟)
班级____________学号____________姓名____________得分____________
一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
A
Mrs. Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.“Somebody is coming home to you，” Mrs. Gray said slowly.“He’s carrying a rifle on his back and he’s almost there.”
Mrs. Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.“And there he is！” Mrs. Gray cried， pointing to the road. They all rushed to the door to look.
A man in a blue coat， with a gun on his back， was walking down the road toward the Smith farm. His face was hidden by a large pack on his back.
Laughing and crying， Mrs. Smith grabbed her hat and her children and ran out of Mrs. Gray’s house. She hurried down the road after him， calling his name and pulling her children along with her. But the soldier was too far away for her voice to reach him.
When she got back to their farm， she saw the man standing by the fence. He was looking at the little house and the field of yellow wheat. The sun was almost touching the hills in the west. The cowbells rang softly as the animals moved toward the barn(畜棚).
“How peaceful it all is，” Private Smith thought.“How far away from the battles， the hospitals， the wounded and the dead. My little farm in Wisconsin. How could I have left it for those years of killing and suffering？”
Trembling and weak with emotion， Mrs. Smith hurried up to her husband. Her feet made no sound on the grass ，but he turned suddenly to face her. For the rest of his life， he would never forget her face at that moment.
“Emma！” he cried.
The children stood back watching their mother kissing this strange man. He saw them， and kneeling down，he pulled from his pack three huge red apples. In a moment， all three children were in their father’s arms. Together， the family entered the little unpainted farmhouse.
Later that evening， after supper， Smith and his wife went outside. The moon was bright， above the eastern hills. Sweet， peaceful stars filled the sky as the night birds sang softly， and tiny insects buzzed in the soft air.
His farm needed work. His children needed clothing. He was no longer young and strong. But he began to plan for next year. With the same courage he had faced the war， Private Smith faced his difficult future.
1.Why could Mrs. Smith hardly breathe when told her fortunes?
A. She had a sudden heart attack and almost lost consciousness.
B. She was shocked by the scene of a man with a rifle on his back.
C. She was overjoyed on hearing the return of her husband.
D. She ran out of the house too fast to catch her breath.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 suggest?
A. The moment expected for years would be a life-long memory.
B. He had almost forgotten her face after those years suffering.
C. He was shocked by the excitement written on her face.
D. He was afraid to be apart from her again.
3.What抯 Private Smith抯 attitude towards the future life?
A. Skeptical. B. Confused.
C. Hopeful. D. Concerned.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. An Unexpected Visitor
B. Husband and Wife
C. The Return of a Private
D. The Smiths
B
There is an old joke among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer， a pilot and a dog. The computer’s job is to fly the plane. The pilot is there to feed the dog. And the dog’s job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer.
Handing complex tasks to computers is not new. But recent progress in machine learning， a subfield of artificial intelligence(AI)，has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them. The result has been an AI boom， with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to self-driving cars.
There is a problem， though. Machine learning works by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the task at hand. People struggle to understand exactly how those self-written programs do what they do. When algorithms(计算机程序) are doing small tasks， such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch， this “black box” problem can be safely ignored. When they are deciding who gets a loan， or how to drive a car through a crowded city ，it is potentially harmful. And when things go wrong，then customers， regulators and the courts will want to know why.
For some people this is a reason to hold back AI. France’s digital-economy minister， Mounir Mahjoubi， has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be explained. But that is an overreaction. The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheard-of. Society already has plenty of experience dealing with problematic black boxes； the most common are called human beings， who can’t even figure out what’s going on in a brain. In response to the weakness in humans， society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanisms， called laws， rules and regulations. Many of these can be applied to machines as well.
Humans have worked with computers on complex tasks for decades. One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise(监督) the machines. In that joke，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence. As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary.
1.Why is the joke mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A. To make people laugh.
B. To foresee future aeroplane industry.
C. To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes.
D. To raise people抯 awareness of computers performing complex tasks.
2.What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields?
A. The shortage of labor force.
B. The rise of artificial intelligence.
C. The encouragement of government.
D. The development of medical economy.
3.Why are some people opposed to AI?
A. Black boxes always go wrong.
B. Laws forbid machine learning.
C. They don抰 understand how AI works.
D. Computers are trying to replace human beings.
4.What does the author suggest people do with AI?
A. Stop panic and welcome AI.
B. Reduce the usage of algorithms.
C. Supervise AI wherever possible.
D. Program machines by copying their own behavior.
C
Ireland抯 Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However， since April， the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.
The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh， one of the five settlements on the island， awoke to a surprising sight： their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For 34 years， only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores. The area’s tourism industry slowly declined， and the handful of beachside hotels， pubs， and restaurants gradually closed as well.
Then， around Easter last year， something magical happened—an unusual ten-day tide blanketed the barren 300-meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand. Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.
The locals are delighted to have their beach back， especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature， with their own eyes. However， Sean Molloy， manager of Achill Tourism， cautions against going into the cold waters just yet， saying， “Because of the sand coming in， we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents(洋流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.
Interestingly， this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act. It disappeared in the 1890s，for over 30 years， before returning in 1927.However，the locals are optimistic that this time around， the beautiful sand is here to stay.
1.What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?
A. An unusual storm.
B. The decrease in the number of residents.
C. The return of its beach.
D. The building of a new tourist destination.
2.What does the underlined word 揵arren in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Noisy. B. Soft. C. Bare. D. Golden.
3. What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy?
A. Spoiling the shores B. Getting into the rock pools.
C. Playing with dolphins. D. Swimming near the beaches.
二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
All of us in Monte Vista Christian School know we’ll one day have graduation photos for the yearbook taken. As the time 5 ，the girls start to have a 6 about what they’ll wear and where to take the photos， while the boys， 7 ，hardly talk about it. As for me， I 8 for my photos to be taken by the sea.
When I arrived there， I met my photographer， Annie. She asked me to make some poses and I 9 her advice. After that， I asked if she could make me look 10 by taking photos in a different way， 11 I’m less than 1.6 meters tall. To my 12 she responded， “I will make no 13 to make you look like someone you’re not. You look good in your own way.” She 14 that she wouldn’t try to edit the photos either.
I was shocked by what she said. Girls always 15 to look perfect by using different visual angles. When you go to a photo studio， photographers always try to hide your 16 by telling you to stand in a certain way. And picture editors can easily 17 your look by making you appear any you want to. 18 that’s not the case here. Seeing I was 19 ，Annie explained： “Everyone has his uniqueness. You need to 20 your own beauty. You cannot live in a world of 21 photos.”
It was the first time that I had met a photographer who doesn’t 22 photos at all. After the shoot， I saw the photos—they are 23 special and natural. But what’s even more special are Annie’s 24 ，which will always stay in my heart.
1.A.flows B. approaches C. shrinks D. develops
2.A.discussion B. request C. reason D. complaint
3.A.by accident B. in addition C. by comparison D. in advance
4.A.accounted B. applied C. searched D. arranged
5.A.considered B. declined C. followed D. consulted
6.A.taller B. prettier C. thinner D. stronger
7..A.unless B. though C. since D. while
8.A.delight B. astonishment C. relief D. satisfaction
9.A.decision B. choice C. promise D. attempt
10.A.added B. swore C. explained D. admitted
11.A.pretend B. manage C. desire D. pay
12.A.preferences B. shortcomings C. personalities D. imperfections
13.A.expose B. recover C. change D. recognize
14.A.However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Anyway
15.A.annoyed B. confused C. discouraged D. embarrassed
16.A.foster B. admire C. describe D. advocate
17.A.vivid B. colorful C. artificial D. popular
18.A.polish B. organize C. cut D. exhibit
19.A.causally B. roughly C. partially D. truly
20.A.attitudes B. words C. actions D. skills
三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
There are a few different stories behind the origin of the modern-day Christmas tree， although not all
1. (root) in fact. Evergreen trees were 2. (actual) used by people in winter festivals for thousands of years. During the winter solstice(冬至)，evergreens signified the coming of spring. As Christianity spread throughout Europe， the trees began to be used as a symbol for Christmas. In mystery plays in Germany， they were often used as props(支柱)，3. (decorate) with apples to represent the Garden of Eden.
One legend credits 16th century Protestant reformer Martin Luther for 4. (bring) the Christmas tree into homes. Luther was supposedly walking through the forest on the night before Christmas when he looked up to see stars shine through the tree 5. (branch).He was so dazzled by the 6. (beauty) sight that he told his children it reminded him of Jesus and then put up 7. tree in his own home.
But it wasn’t until the mid-19th century 8. the Christmas tree as we now know it became a custom. England’s Queen Victoria encouraged her husband to decorate a tree as he had back at home in 9. is now Germany. When a drawing of the royal family with their beautiful Christmas tree 10. appear) in a London newspaper， the tradition also became popular throughout the UK and US.
四、短文改错（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Stockholm， the capital of Sweden， hopes to stop using fossil fuel(化石能源) completely by the 2040.Now the city is using large lorries what cause more pollution than biofuel which are produced from waste. Stockholm is also working with Fortum， an energy company， to take advantage a citywide heating system， use waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat to homes. However， the city is trying to change people behavior， step by step. On one newly built estate(庄园)，people are providing with tablets that show its real-time energy usage. This is to help them good understand how they use and waste gas， water and electricity.
单元滚动提升检测卷(B卷)
必修2 Unit 4 Cyberspace
参考答案
一、阅读理解
(A) 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。
1.　C　推理判断题。根据文章开头 “Mrs Smith trembled with excitement when she was told her fortunes.‘Somebody is coming home to you’” 和下文的 “Mrs Smith felt as if she could hardly breathe.”“Trembling and weak with emotion， Mrs Smith hurried up to her husband.” 可知，史密斯夫人在得知丈夫回家的消息后， 兴奋地颤抖， 几乎不能呼吸。故选C。
2.　A　推理判断题。此处指丈夫转身面对妻子时，他感觉在他的余生里，他永远不会忘记那一刻的她。这说明丈夫一直盼着回家见妻子和孩子们，期待多年的那一刻将成为他一生的记忆。故选A。
3.　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，史密斯需要工作养家，他已经开始为下一年做计划。虽然将来可能会面临困境，但他充满希望。故选C。
4.　C　标题归纳题。本文描述了列兵史密斯从战场回家，见到了久违的妻子和孩子们时双方激动的心情和对未来生活的美好希望。C项“The Return of a Private”概括了全文内容，适合作为本文标题。故选C。
(B) 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了人工智能在日常生活应用中给人们带来很多便利的同时，也存在一些潜在的危险。所以，人们不应该完全依赖它，而应对其加以监管。
1.　D　推理判断题。通读本文可知，本文主要介绍人工智能的应用问题。目前人工智能用于日常生活的各个领域，但是，它是否能够完全不受人类控制，或者说人类是否应该完全依赖它，这是人们应该思考的问题。由此可推知，第一段中的笑话是为了增强人们对人工智能执行复杂任务的认识。
2　B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，最近机器学习能力(人工智能的分支)这一领域的进步使电脑能够处理以前不能处理的许多难题。这一现象的结果是电脑被应用于从医疗诊断和保险到汽车无人驾驶等各个方面。由此可知，人工智能的兴起是电脑被广泛应用于各个领域的主要原因。
3.　C　推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段第一句可知，一些人反对人工智能的原因在于，人们不知道人工智能在处理问题时是如何工作的。故选C项。
4.　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise(监督) the machines.”可知，作者建议只要有可能，人们就应该对这些机器进行监管。
(C)
【语篇解读】爱尔兰的阿基尔岛是欧洲的旅游胜地，最近该岛沙滩的回归使其获得了全世界的关注。30多年前沙滩被海浪冲走的同时也冲走了此地的旅游业，所以此次沙滩的回归对这座小岛来说意义非凡，但是因为洋流可能改变，现在无法确定沙滩的安全性，所以该岛旅游部经理建议游客不要在海边游泳。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“However，since April，the small island of just 2,600 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.”可知，三十多年前被冲走的沙滩的回归让阿基尔岛得到了全世界的关注。
2. C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left.”可知，美丽的沙滩被风暴冲走，只剩下光秃秃的岩石，由此可猜测barren的意思是“光秃秃的”，bare意为“光秃秃的”，故选C项。
3. D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.”可知，他建议游客享受柔软的沙滩，把游泳留给经常光顾这一地带的海豚，即他建议游客不要在沙滩旁游泳。
二、完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在拍毕业照时所得到的感悟：每个人都有他的独特之处。你需要欣赏自己的美丽，而不能生活在一个人造照片的世界里。
1.　B　flow流动；approach靠近；shrink收缩；develop发展。随着拍毕业照时间的临近，女孩们开始讨论她们将穿什么、在哪里拍照，而相比之下男孩们几乎不谈论这个。故选B。
2.　A　参考上题解析。discussion讨论；request请求；reason理由；complaint抱怨。故选A。
3.　C　by accident意外地；in addition另外，此外；by comparison比较起来；in advance提前。故选C。
4.　D　account解释，导致；apply应用；search 搜寻；arrange安排。至于“我”，“我”把“我”的照片安排在海边拍。故选D。
5.　C　consider考虑；decline下降，拒绝；follow跟随；consult咨询。摄影师让“我”做一些姿势，我听从了她的建议。follow one’s advice按着某人的建议，故选C。
6.　A　taller更高；prettier更美丽；thinner更瘦；stronger更强壮。在那之后，“我”问她是否可以用不同的方式拍摄以使“我”看起来更高，因为“我”的身高还不到1.6米。根据下文“less than 1.6 meters tall”可知，作者想让摄影师把自己拍得高一点，故选A。
7.　C　参考上题解析。unless除非；though尽管；since因为；while当……时候。此处是since引导原因状语从句。
8.　B　delight高兴；astonishment惊讶；relief安慰；satisfaction满足。令“我”惊讶的是，她回答说：“我不会尝试让你看起来像一个不是你的人。你这个样子看起来很好。to one’s astonishment使某人惊讶的是……，故答案为B项。
9.　D　参考上题解析。decision决定；choice选择；promise许诺；attempt企图。故D项切题。
10.　A　add增加；swear宣誓；explain解释；admit承认。她补充说，她也不会尝试编辑这些照片。故选A。
11.　C　pretend假装；manage 管理；desire渴望；pay付款。女孩们总是希望通过不同的角度来表现完美。故选C。
12.　D　preference偏爱；shortcoming缺点；personality个性；imperfection不完美。当你去照相馆的时候，摄影师总是让你以某种方式站着，试图隐藏你的不完美。故选D。
13.　C　expose揭露；recover恢复；change改变；recognize认出。修图师可以轻易地把你变成你想要的样子。故选C。
14.　A　however然而；therefore因此；otherwise否则；anyway无论如何。然而，现在却不是这个情况。15.　B　annoyed烦恼的；confused困惑的；discouraged灰心的；embarrassed尴尬的。看到“我”很困惑， 安妮解释说：“每个人都有他的独特之处。你需要欣赏自己的美丽。你不能生活在一个人造照片的世界里。”故选B。
16.　B　参考上题解析。foster培养；admire钦佩，欣赏；describe描述；advocate提倡。故选B。
17.　C　参考上题解析。vivid生动的；colorful富有色彩的；artificial人造的；popular受欢迎的。故选C。
18.　A　polish磨光，修改；organize组织；cut切割；exhibit展览。这是“我”第一次见到一位不喜欢修 照片的摄影师。故选A。
19.　D　causally随便地；roughly粗略地；partially部分地；truly真实地。拍摄结束后，“我”看到了这些照片——它们真的很特别，很自然。故选D。
20.　B　attitude态度；word某人说的话；action行动；skill技能。但更特别的是安妮的话语，它们将永远留在我的心里。故选B。
三、语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们为什么要搭圣诞树以及现代圣诞树的起源。
1.　are rooted　考查时态和语态。陈述的事实，故用一般现在时；句中主语为all，指代前文的stories，与动词root之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。故填are rooted。
2.　actually　考查副词。用副词修饰动词used。故填actually。
3.　decorated　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语they与decorate之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填decorated。
4.　bringing　考查非谓语动词。介词for后接v.-ing形式。故填bringing。
5.　branches　考查名词复数。因为名词branch为可数名词，故用复数形式。故填branches。
6.　beautiful　考查形容词。用形容词修饰名词sight。故填beautiful。
7.　a　考查冠词。因为名词tree为可数名词，且为单数形式，故前加不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
8.　that　考查强调句。此处考查强调句It is＋被强调的部分＋that从句。这里强调时间状语until the mid-19th century。故填that。
9.　what　考查名词性从句连接词。宾语从句中缺少主语，故用连接词what引导。
10.　appeared　考查时态。根据后句中的became提示可知，用一般过去时。故填appeared。
四、短文改错
Stockholm ，the capital of Sweden， hopes to stop using fossil fuel(化石能源) completely by the 2040.Now the city is using large lorries cause more pollution than biofuel which produced from waste. Stockholm is also working with Fortum， an energy company， to take advantage a citywide heating system， waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat to homes .， the city is trying to change behavior， step by step. On one newly built estate(庄园)，people are with tablets that show real-time energy usage. This is to help them understand how they use and waste gas， water and electricity.