2021-2022学年人教版（新课程标准）高中英语：必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 单元检测（含答案）

2021-2022学年人教版高中英语：必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 单元检测
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Computer hackers have broken down security 　　　　(系统),raising questions about the safety of information.?
2.The three-star hotel offers a friendly 　　　　(气氛) and personal service.?
3.There is a lot of rubbish 　　　　(漂浮) on the surface of the river.?
4.There are many 　　　　(理论) about the origin of life.?
5.The 　　　　(气候) is different from place to place.?
6.I noticed her looking at me with a 　　　　(迷惑的) stare.?
7.They are both teachers.Otherwise they are 　　　　(不同).?
8.He 　　　　(拉) the door open and rushed out.?
9.Water is 　　　　(基本的) to the growth of plants.?
10.He often says that he doesn’t believe in any 　　　　(宗教) and only believes in himself.?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The designer could not have dreamt that she would become such a 　　　　(globe) star as she is today.?
2.As we all know,staying up too late is 　　　　(harm) to one’s health.?
3.A big tree stands in front of the house,　　　　(block) out the light.?
4.The 　　　　(exist) of water makes it possible for us to live.?
5.　　　　(lay) eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.?
6.The French government called for an end to the 　　　　(violent).?
7.People hope that measures will be taken to prevent house prices 　　　　(rise).?
8.One day,mentally 　　　　(exhaust),I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.?
9.　　　　 matters in language learning is enough practice.?
10.You can depend on 　　　　 that he will lend you some money to help you out.?
Ⅲ.短语检测
1.Once he has made up his mind,nothing can 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(阻止他做) so.?
2.Give Mary a call;she needs 　　　　 　　　　(振作).?
3.Now that I have finished buying,Tom,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(轮到他了),should cook.?
4.　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(当心) the stairs—they’re steep.?
5.　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(既然你已长大),you should not rely on your parents.?
Ⅳ.根据提示词或相关要求补全句子
1.目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。(make it)
The present situation 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the task on time.?
2.仔细研究地图后,我发现这个村庄是那个村庄的两倍大。(倍数表达)
I find this village 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that one after studying the map carefully.?
3.经过多年的努力工作,你可以相信他能够完成这个任务。(depend on)
After years of hard work,you may 　　　　　　　　　　　　 he can fulfill the work.?
4.众所周知,在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。(exist)
As is known to us,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as an independent country in 1949.?
5.你应该报警。(be to do)
You 　　　　　　　　　　 to the police.?
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
　　The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. Then the dust settled into a solid globe which was 1.　　　　 (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were 2.　　　　 time to produce the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface,which allowed the earth to dissolve 3.　　　　(harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later,small plants appeared. They 4.　　　　(multiply) and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,which encouraged the later 5.　　　　(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Then land animals spread all over the earth. Some were insects.Others,6. 　　　　(call) amphibians,were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying 7.　　　　(egg).Then mammals appeared and 8.　　　　(exist) on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past,because they gave birth 9.　　　　 young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. Finally humans become the most important animals on the planet. But they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from 10.　　　　(escape) from the earth into space. As a result of this,many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.?
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020温州名校联合体一模,C)
For three groups of explorers formed by college students and young white collars,it started out as a wonderful trip.They were enjoying themselves exploring the Inner Mongolian desert.But when the sandstorm came,the trip became a disaster.The drama unfolded during the May Day holiday.One girl did not make it before the students were rescued.The group was eventually found with the help of a GPS receiver.
GPS,or global positioning system,is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites.These days scientists,sportsmen,farmers,soldiers, pilots,hikers,sailors,and people from many other walks of life are using GPS in ways that make their work more productive,safer,and sometimes even easier.GPS works in any weather conditions,anywhere in the world,24 hours a day.
GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day and transmit signals and information to the earth.GPS receivers take this information and calculate the user’s exact location.A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signals of at least three satellites to calculate the latitude and longitude of its location.With four or more satellites in view,the receiver can determine the user’s altitude.Once the user’s position has been determined,the GPS receiver can calculate other information,such as speed,direction,distance to the destination,and a whole lot more.
Basic GPS is the most accurate radio-based navigation system ever developed.And for many applications it’s plenty accurate.But it’s human nature to want more! So some crafty engineers came up with “Differential GPS”,a way to correct the various inaccuracies in the GPS system,pushing its accuracy even further.Differential GPS or “DGPS” can yield measurements good to a couple of meters in moving applications and even better in stationary situations.That improved accuracy has a profound effect on the importance of GPS as a resource.With it,GPS becomes more than just a system for navigating boats and planes around the world.It becomes a universal measurement system capable of positioning things on a very precise scale.
These days GPS is finding its way into cars,boats,planes,construction equipment,and even laptop computers.Soon GPS will become almost as basic as the telephone.
1.This passage is mainly about 　　　.?
A.the importance of GPS in exploration
B.the fact that GPS found its place in people’s daily life
C.the working principles of GPS and its bright prospect
D.the differences between Basic GPS and Differential GPS
2.What does the underlined word “unfolded” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Appeared. B.Occurred.
C.Opened. D.Performed.
3.According to the passage,which of the following shows the correct order?
a.A GPS receiver calculates the user’s direction and other information.
b.With several satellites in view,the receiver determines the user’s position.
c.GPS satellites circle the earth and transmit signals and information to the earth.
d.A GPS receiver should be locked on to the signals to calculate the user’s latitude and longitude.
A.a-d-b-c B.c-d-a-b C.c-d-b-a D.a-b-c-d
4.If this passage is taken from a newspaper,which section is it probably from?
A.Military. B.Economy. C.Invention. D.Technology.
B
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past.With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones,writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的) skill.However,while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching,many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger,professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington,says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand.The study,published in 2009,found that when writing with a pen and paper,participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study,Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.“Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary,word meaning and concepts.It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas,” Berninger said.
“Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(把……转成) those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said.Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words,says Berninger,but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
“In our computer age,some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said.“But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level,they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
5.What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
A.The absence of blackboards in classrooms.
B.The coming of new technologies.
C.The lack of practice in handwriting.
D.The popular use of smartphones.
6.Berninger’s study published in 2009 　　　.?
A.focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer
B.indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper
C.found that good essays are made up of long sentences
D.discussed the importance of writing speed
7.What does “mind’s eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Window. B.Soul.
C.Picture. D.Imagination.
8.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A.Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B.Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C.Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
D.Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
Ⅱ.七选五
How to best protect your important files?Should you rely on one of the many cloud services available today?The answer is “Yes”.Here are four reasons to invest in cloud storage.
1.　　　　.?
Cloud services such as OneDrive,iCloud,Google Drive,and Dropbox can protect your data from local threats,such as theft,fire,flood,nasty virus and hard drive failure.
2.　　　　,he might take your hard drive,too,unless you store it elsewhere.A flood or fire could destroy both your computer and hard drive if they are kept in the same place.?
Anywhere access.
With cloud services,you can access your backed-up stuff such as documents or media from virtually any Internet-connected computer,tablet or smartphone in the world.Most cloud services have free apps that make it easy to download or upload files from your mobile device.3.　　　　.?
Sharing is super easy.
Cloud computing can also reduce overcrowding in someone’s email box.Rather than try to email several large photos or videos to a colleague,friend or family member,which can block up their email box,you can simply store them in the cloud and send a link to receivers to download them.4.　　　　.?
Real-time cooperation.
5.　　　　,cloud computing lets people work together on projects in real time.For example,two or more employees can cooperate on a project together,instead of sending revisions back and forth to each other.?
A.Sufficient storage
B.Remote protection
C.If someone steals your laptop
D.This is incredibly convenient for them and easy to do
E.Even though they’re in different geographic locations
F.You need more space than what free cloud storage solutions offer
G.You can access your stuff anywhere as long as you can get online
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2021届名校协作体9月)
假定你是李华,你校将举办英文电影影评大赛,你有意参加。请你给外教Mr.Smith写一封电子邮件,希望得到他的指导。内容包括:
1.比赛介绍;
2.希望得到哪些指导;
3.期待回复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[写作指导]
1.本文是求助信,因此须注意语言的礼貌性。
2.表述中,求助的信息要明确。
3.文章时态为一般现在时和一般将来时。
　　
参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.systems　2.atmosphere　3.floating　4.theories　5.climate　6.puzzled　7.unlike　8.pulled　9.fundamental　10.religion
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.global　2.harmful　3.blocking　4.existence　5.Laying　6.violence　7.rising　 8.exhausted　9.What　10.it
Ⅲ.短语检测
1.prevent him from doing　2.cheering up　3.in his turn　4.Watch out for　5.Now that you’ve grown up
Ⅳ.根据提示词或相关要求补全句子
1.makes it difficult for us to accomplish　2.is twice as large as　 3.depend on it that　4.China came into existence　5.are to report
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
　　1.violent　2.in　3.harmful　4.multiplied　5.development　6.called　7.eggs　8.existed　9.to　10.escaping
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1.C　主旨大意题。 由文章的主要内容可知,前面三段主要介绍了GPS的工作原理,后面两段介绍了科学家们对GPS系统的改进及其在生活中的应用和将来的发展前景,故C项为正确
答案。
2.B　词义猜测题。本句中的drama指的是上文中的disaster,再由下文语境可知,原本的旅行发生了意外。unfold 原义为“展开,打开”,由此可推知,此处unfold意为“发生,出现”,故B项符合句意。
3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一、三、四、五句可知答案为C项。
4.D　推理判断题。 根据文章的主要内容可知,本文主要介绍和说明了GPS的工作原理及应用,是有关科学技术的应用,故正确答案为D项。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones,writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(怀旧的) skill.”可知,新的科技让手写变得“怀旧”,故选B。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks-both on a computer and by hand.”可知,贝朗宁格的研究关注用手写和电脑写文章的时候会产生什么差异。故选A。
7.D　词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(把……转成)those words in the mind into...”可知,mind’s eye指“想象力”,故选D。
8.C　推理判断题。文章第一段说明随着新技术的到来,手写已经成为过去,之后提到手写的好处,最后一段进一步阐明手写的重要性——手写是新科技无法替代的。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
1.B　主旨句。根据下文中“Cloud services such as OneDrive,iCloud,Google Drive,and Dropbox can protect your data from local threats”可知,云服务对数据提供保护,这与B项“Remote protection(远程保护)”在语意上相契合,故选B。
2.C　细节句。根据下文中“he might take your hard drive,too”并结合常识可知,如果电脑被偷走,硬盘驱动器也就会被拿走。故选C。
3.G　细节句。本段的小标题“Anywhere access”与G项“You can access your stuff anywhere as long as you can get online(只要你能上网,你就可以在任何地方访问你的东西。)”在语意上相契合,且G项中有提示词“access”,故选G。
4.D　细节句。由上文内容可知,云计算还可以减少某人邮箱中的过度拥挤。你不必尝试用电邮给同事、朋友或家庭成员发几张大照片或视频,你只需把它们存储在云盘,然后发送一个链接给接收者让他们自行下载即可。由此推断出云计算的特点是方便且容易做到,这与D项“This is incredibly convenient for them and easy to do(这对他们来说极其方便而且很容易做到)”以及本段小标题“Sharing is super easy”相契合。
5.E　过渡句。设空处所在的段落的小标题为“Real-time cooperation(实时合作)”。空格后的例子说明云计算能让人们进行实时合作。由此可推断出空格处所在句意思为“即使人们在不同的地理位置,云计算也可让人们进行项目的实时合作”。故选E。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
　　One possible version:
Dear Mr.Smith,
Facing a tough problem of how to make a film review,I am writing to ask you for a favour.
Next month,our school is going to have an English film review competition,where competitors are supposed to comment on a certain English film.I intend to participate in it,but I have no clear knowledge of how to make a film review,like what aspects should be involved.I was wondering if you could give me a brief explanation and recommend me some relevant books and articles.
Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
Yours,
Li Hua