2022届二轮复习高中英语：语法填空讲练（学案，含答案解析）

2022届二轮复习高中英语：语法填空讲练
Section
I
高考试题回顾
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）。
Are
you
facing
a
situation
that
looks
impossible
to
fix?
In
1969,
the
pollution
was
terrible
along
the
Cuyahoga
River
near
Cleveland,
Ohio.
It
1.
_________
(be)
unimaginable
that
it
could
ever
be
cleaned
up.
The
river
was
so
polluted
that
it
2.
_________
(actual)
caught
fire
and
burned.
Now,
years
later,
this
river
is
one
of
3.
_________
most
outstanding
examples
of
environmental
cleanup.
But
the
river
wasn’t
changed
in
a
few
days
4.
_________
even
a
few
months.
It
took
years
of
work
5.
_________(reduce)
the
industrial
pollution
and
clean
the
water.
Finally,
that
hard
work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is
6.
_________
(clean)
than
ever.
Maybe
you
are
facing
an
impossible
situation.
Maybe
you
have
a
habit
7.
_________
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
Possibly
you
drink
too
much
or
don’t
know
how
to
control
your
credit
card
use.
When
you
face
such
an
impossible
situation,
don’t
you
want
a
quick
fix
and
something
to
change
immediately.
While
there
are
8.
_________
(amaze)
stories
of
instant
transformation,
for
most
of
us
the
9.
_________
(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,
like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river.
Just
be
10.
_________
(patience).
Section
II语法填空题备考思路特点：
语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。
一、实词类
给出动词基本形态：
词性转化（转化为名词、形容词）
谓语形式：时态语态、情态虚拟
、主谓一致、单三（≤3个单词）
填写非谓语动词
2.
给出形容词或副词：
填写比较级、最高级
填写反义词
3.
给出名词：单复数
二、虚词类
4.
不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词、代词和从句引导词。
Section
III
语法填空解题步骤和注意事项：
一、无提示词的解题技巧
技巧1：在名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词：a,
an,
the,
my,
your,
his,
which,
whose,
one’s,
some,
any,
one,
each,
either,
neither,
another,
other等
eg.
I
wonder
_________
team
would
win
Black
of
Red?
技巧2：及物动词后设空，此处缺宾语或宾语从句。应考虑名词，代词或宾语从句连接词。
eg.
I
found
_________
difficult
to
explain
to
him
what
had
happened.
技巧3：分析句子关系，正确使用连接词
eg.
Put
the
book
back
_________
it
was.
二、有提示词的解题技巧
技巧1：首先要分析该空的句子成分，再确定词性和词形。
eg.
I
am
eager
to
share
my
_________
(happy)
with
you.
技巧2：句中缺失谓语，要考虑时态和语态。
eg.
The
first
card
_________
(design)
by
the
boy
last
week.
技巧3：若提示词是动词，在句中不做谓语，需优先考虑非谓语动词：to
do,
doing,
done。
eg.
_________
(catch)
the
train,
the
boy
is
running
like
a
wild
horse.
技巧4：形容词或副词最常考，词形变换和级别最重要。
eg.
You
have
made
much
_________
(great)
progress
in
English.
Section
IV【实战演练，技能提升】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）。
练习1
Yangshuo,
China
It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
1.
_________
(arrive)
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.
But
I
didn’t
care.
A
few
hours
2.
_________
,
I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with
3.
_________
(it)
choking
smog.
Here,
the
air
was
clean
and
fresh,
even
with
the
rain.
I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin,
a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
4.
_________are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
5.
_________
(painting).
Instead,
I’d
head
straight
for
Yangshuo.
For
those
who
fly
to
Guilin,
it’s
only
an
hour
away
6.
_________
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better-know
city.
Yangshuo
7.
_________
(be)
really
beautiful.
A
study
of
travelers
8.
_________
(conduct)
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world.
And
the
town
is
fast
becoming
a
popular
weekend
destination
for
people
in
Aisa.
Abercrombie
&
Kent,
a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong,
says
it
9.
_________
(regular)
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
10.
_________
(live)
in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
练习2
The
adobe
dwelling
(土坯房)
1.
_________
(build)
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even
2.
_________
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,
what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
3.
_________
(able)
to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
4.
_________
(use)
electric
equipment.
Walls
made
of
adobe
take
in
the
heat
from
the
sun
on
hot
days
and
give
out
that
heat
5.
_________
(slow)
during
cool
nights,
thus
warming
the
house.
When
a
new
day
breaks,
the
walls
have
given
up
their
heat
and
are
now
cold
enough
6.
_________
(cool)
the
house
during
the
hot
day;
7.
_________the
same
time,
they
warm
up
again
for
the
night.
This
cycle
8.
_________
(go)
day
after
day:
The
walls
warm
up
during
the
day
and
cool
off
during
the
night
and
thus
always
a
timely
offset
(抵消)
for
the
outside
temperatures.
As
9.
_________
(nature)
architects,
the
Pueblo
Indians
figured
out
exactly
10.
_________
thick
the
adobe
walls
needed
to
be
to
make
the
cycle
work
on
most
days.
练习3
Chengdu
has
dozens
of
new
millionaires,
Asia’
s
biggest
building,
and
fancy
new
hotels.
But
for
tourists
like
me,
pandas
are
its
top
1.
_________
(attract).
So
it
was
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
backstage
at
the
not-for-profit
Panda
Base,
where
ticket
money
helps
pay
for
research.
I
2.
_________
(allow)
to
get
up
close
to
these
cute
animals
at
the
600-acre
centre.
From
tomorrow,
I
will
be
their
UK
ambassador.
The
title
will
be
3.
_________
(official)
given
to
me
at
a
ceremony
in
London.
But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
4.
_________
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
5.
_________
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
6.
_________
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include
7.
_________
(introduce)
British
visitors
to
the
120-plus
pandas
at
Chengdu
and
others
at
a
research
center
in
the
misty
mountains
of
Bifengxia.
On
my
recent
visit,
I
held
a
lively
three-month-old
twin
that
had
been
rejected
by
8.
_________
(it)
mother.
The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
9.
_________
(day)
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle-fed,
10
.
_________
other
is
with
mum—she
never
suspects.
练习4
If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,
you
should
take
a
step
back
and
identify
(识别)
those
of
1.
_________
(great)
and
less
importance.
Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
2.
_________
(achieve).
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
3.
_________(be)
often
acceptable.
Most
of
us
are
more
focused
4.
_________
our
tasks
in
the
morning
than
we
are
later
in
the
day.
So,
get
an
early
start
and
try
to
be
as
productive
5.
_________
possible
before
lunch.
This
will
give
you
the
confidence
you
need
to
get
you
through
the
afternoon
and
go
home
feeling
accomplished.
Recent
6.
_________
(study)
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
short
breaks
7.
_________
(regular).
Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for
8.
_________
while,
exercising,
or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,
you’ll
be
less
likely
9.
_________
(bring)
your
work
home.
It
could
be
anything—gardening,
cooking,
music,
sports—but
whatever
it
is,
10.
_________
(make)
sure
it’
s
a
relief
from
daily
stress
rather
than
another
thing
to
worry
about.
真题训练
【2021·全国甲卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
Xi’an
City
Wall
is
the
most
complete
city
wall
that
has
survived
China’s
long
history.
It_____61_____
(build)
originally
to
protect
the
city
_____62_____
the
Tang
dynasty
and
has
now
been
completely
restored
(修复).
It
is
possible
_____63_____
(walk)
or
bike
the
entire
14
kilometers.
We
accessed
the
wall
through
the
South
Gate.
The
wall
is
12
meters
high
and
from
here
you
can
see
streams
of
people
moving
inside
and
outside
the
City
Wall.
After
_____64_____
(spend)
some
time
looking
at
all
the
defensive
equipment
at
the
wall,
we
decided
it
was
time
for
some
action
and
what
_____65_____
(good)
than
to
ride
on
a
piece
of
history!
We
_____66_____
(hire)
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
_____67_____
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
_____68_____
way
around
the
Xi’an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
_____69_____
(watchtower)
to
take
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
_____70_____
(day)
routines.
【2021·全国乙卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism
is
commonly
regarded
as
low
impact
(影响)travel
to
undisturbed
places.
It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
61
(educate)
about
the
areas
-
both
in
terms
of
geographical
conditions
and
cultural
characteristics,
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
62
(develop)
of
the
local
areas.
Ecotourism
has
63
(it)
origin
with
the
environmental
movement
of
the
1970s.
It
was
not
widely
accepted
as
a
travel
concept
64
the
late
1980s.
During
that
time,
increasing
environmental
awareness
made
it
desirable.
Due
to
65
growing
popularity
of
environmentally-related
and
adventure
travel,
various
types
66
trips
are
now
being
classified
as
ecotourism.
Actually,
a
true
eco-friendly
trip
must
meet
the
following
principles:
Minimize
the
impact
of
67
(visit)
the
place.
Build
respect
for
and
awareness
of
the
environment
and
cultural
practices.
Provide
68
(finance)
aid
and
other
benefits
for
local
peoples.
Make
sure
that
the
tourism
provides
positive
experiences
for
both
the
visitors
and
the
hosts.
Komodo
National
Park,
officially
recognized
in
1980,
is
popular
for
ecotourism
because
of
its
unique
biodiversity.
69
(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
70
(have)
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.
【2021·全国新高考1卷】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going
to
Mount
Huangshan
reminds
me
of
the
popular
Beatles'song
"The
Long
and
Winding
Road".???56??
?is
so
breathtaking
about
the
experience
is
the
out-of-this-world
scenes.
The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we??__57??
?(human)?are.
The
hot
spring
at
the
foot
of
the
mountain
is
something
you
must
try
after
the
climb.
It
will???58?
?
??(undoubted)
help
you
get
refreshed!
The
amazing
thing
about
the
spring
is
that
the
colder
the
temperature
gets,
the?
??59??
??(hot)
the
spring!
Strange,
isn't
it?
But
that's
how
nature
is
-always
leaving
us???60???(astonish).
What
comes
next
is
the
endless
series
of
steps
You
can't
help
wondering
how
hard
it??61??
?(be)for
the
people
then
to
put
all
those
rocks
into
place.
Though
it
is
the
only
unnatural
thing
on
your
way
up
the
mountain,
still
it
highlights
the
whole
adventure??62??offers
a
place
where
you
can
sit
down
to
rest
your???63??(ache)legs.
As
the
song
goes,
this
long
and
winding
road
"will
never
disappear",
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor's
memory.
It
surely?does
in??64??(I).
While
you're
in
China,
Mount
Huangshan
is??65??must
to
visit!
4、【2020·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)
-
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
61．
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
62．
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63．
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64．
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山)，
more
so
65．
the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
66．
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
＂This
really
excites
scientists,＂
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
＂because
it
67．
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68．
(construct)＂
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
69．
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70．
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
5、【2020·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deorating
with
Plants,
Fruits
and
Flowers
for
Chinese
New
Year
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61．
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
62．
(carry)
special
significance.
They
represent
the
earth
63．
(come)
back
to
life
and
best
wishes
for
new
beginnings.
These
are
some
of
the
most
popular
in
many
parts
of
the
country:
Oranges:
Orange
trees
are
more
64．
decoration;
they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
They
make
great
gifs
and
you
see
them
many
times
65．
(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
Bamboo:
Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
office.
66．
(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,
this
plant
is
a
must.
Bamboo
plants
are
associated
67．
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
They
are
easy
68．
(care)
for
and
make
great
presents.
Branches
of
Plum
Blossoms
(梅花):
The
69．
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds
(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
The
plum
trees
are
70．
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting(融化).
They
represent
the
promise
of
spring
and
a
renewal
of
life.
6、【2020·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist61．
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
The
artist’s
reputation
had
made
him
proud.
One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait
(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their
62．
(fine)
work,
so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.
The
artist
was
sure
he
would63．(choose),
but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor’s
chief
minister,
the
old
nan
laughed.
The
wise
old
man
told
him
to
travel
to
the
Li
River～perhaps
he
could
learn
a
little
from
the
greatest
artist
in
the
world.
Filled
with
64．
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
65．
he
asked
the
villagers
on
the
banks
of
the
river
where
he
could
find
the
legendary
(传奇的)
artist,
they
smiled
and
66．
(point)
down
the
river.
The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
67．
(find)
the
well-known
painter.
As
the
small
boat
moved,
68．
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.
He
passed
milky
white
waterfalls
and
mountains
in
many
shades
of
blue.
And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds69．
(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
The
artist
was
finally
humbled
(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
70．
earth,
Mother
Nature.
7、【2020·全国新高考卷】
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many
people
have
the
hobby
of
collecting
things,
e.g.
stamps,
postcards
or
antiques.
In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,
36．
(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,
historical
objects
and
works
of
art.
They
kept
their
collection
at
home
until
it
got
too
big
37．
until
they
died,
and
then
it
was
given
to
a
museum.
The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
38．
(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39．
opened
in
1759.
The
parts
of
a
museum
open
to
the
public
40．
(call)
galleries
or
rooms.
Often,
only
a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection
41．
(be)
on
display.
Most
of
it
is
stored
away
or
used
for
research.
Many
museums
are
lively
places
and
they
attract
a
lot
of
visitors.
As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations
(模拟)
and
imagine
42．
(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
43．(walk)through
a
rainforest.
At
the
Jorvik
Centre
in
York,
the
city’s
Viking
settlement
is
recreated,
and
people
experience
the
sights,
sounds
and
smells
of
the
old
town.
Historical
44．
(accurate)
is
important
but
so
is
entertainment.
Museums
must
compete
45．people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
Most
museums
also
welcome
school
groups
and
arrange
special
activities
for
children.
8、【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
masses
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland．
While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,there
is
evidence
61
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada．
It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
62
(poor)
studied；
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide．
Modem
methods
63
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,and
are
expensive
64
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area．
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
65
(report)
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
66
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing．
Scientists
have
responded
by
67
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
68
(high)
than
they
actually
are．
Of
69
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
70
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data．
【2019·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
90-year-old
has
been
awarded
"Woman
Of
The
Year"
for
61
（be）Britain's
oldest
full-time
employee
—
still
working
40
hours
a
week．
Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
62
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les．
Her
years
of
hard
work
have
63
（final）been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated（提名）her
to
be
Cheshire's
Woman
Of
The
Year．
Picking
up
her“Lifetime
Achievement”award,
proud
Irene
64
（declare）
she
had
no
plans
65
（retire）
from
her
36-year-old
business．
Irene
said,
"I
don't
see
any
reason
to
give
up
work．
I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
66
（make）
over
the
years．
I
work
not
because
I
have
to,
67
because
I
want
to．"
Granddaughter
Gayle
Parks,
31
—
who
works
alongside
her
in
the
family
business
—
said
it
remained
unknown
as
to
who
nominated
Irene
for
the
award．
She
said,
"We
don't
have
any
idea
who
put
grandma
forward．
When
we
got
a
call
68
（say）
she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
69
joke．
But
then
we
got
an
official
letter
and
we
were
blown
away．
We
are
so
proud
of
her．
It's
70
(wonder）．”
10、【2019·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On
our
way
to
the
house，it
was
raining
61
hard
that
we
couldn't
help
wondering
how
long
it
would
take
62
（get）there．
It
was
in
the
middle
of
Pearl
City．
We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
63
dogs，seven
to
be
exact．
They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
64
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals．
Our
hosts
shared
many
of
their
experiences
and
65
（recommend）wonderful
places
to
eat，shop，and
visit．
For
breakfast，we
were
able
to
eat
papaya（木瓜）and
other
fruits
from
their
trees
in
the
backyard．
When
they
were
free
from
work，they
invited
us
to
local
events
and
let
us
know
of
an
interesting
66
（compete）to
watch，together
with
the
story
behind
it．
They
also
shared
with
us
many
67
（tradition）stories
about
Hawaii
that
were
68
（huge）popular
with
tourists．
On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay，we
69
（invite）to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars，
70
（listen）to
musicians
and
meeting
interesting
locals．
【答案解析】
1、【2021·全国甲卷】
本文介绍了西安城墙的历史、景观及作者游玩西安城墙的体验。
61.
was
built
考查时态和语态。因主语it
(The
Xi’an
City
Wall)
与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的the
Tang
dynasty可知，用一般过去时，故填was
built。
62.
in
考查介词。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。
63.
to
walk
考查非谓语动词。因it
is
possible
to
do
sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。
64.
spending
考查非谓语动词。在介词after后用动名词，故填spending。
65.
better
考查形容词比较级。由than可知这里用比较级形式。
66.
hired
考查动词的时态。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。
67.
but
考查连词。因“我的单车又旧又摇晃”与“能顶用，起作用”是转折关系。
68.
the
考查冠词。特指沿着西安城墙的这条路，用定冠词the。
69.
watchtowers
考查名词单复数。因被different修饰，故用复数形式。且前文的gates也有提示。
70.
daily
考查词性转换。在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily
routines表示“日常生活”。
2、【2021·全国乙卷】
本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
61.
educated。考查非谓语动词。educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系，故应用educated作表语，意为“受到教育的”。
62.
development。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语，需用develop的名词形式。
63.
its。考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词origin，需用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
64.
until。考查介词。句中考查了not...until...（直到……才……）句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。
65.
the。考查冠词。growing
popularity受of
environmentally-related
and
adventure
travel修饰，故填表示特指的定冠词the。
66.
of。考查介词。various
types
of是固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。
67.
visiting。考查非谓语动词。动名词短语visiting
the
place在句中作介词of的宾语。
68.
financial。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故需用finance的形容词形式。
69.
Activities。考查名词复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，由句中from
whale
watching
tohiking可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用activity的复数形式。
70.
to
have。考查非谓语动词。aim后常接不定式作宾语，aimto
do
sth旨在做某事。
3、【2021·全国新高考1卷】
本文是一篇说明文，去游览黄山时，作者想起甲壳虫乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜒长路》，这条漫长而曲折的道路永远留在游客的记忆中。
56.
What。考查名词性从句。一个句子在句首为主语从句，从句缺少主语，根据the
out-of-this-world
scenes可知，空格需填表示事物的连接代词What。
57.
humans。考查名词。作从句主语we的同位语需用名词复数。
58.
undoubtedly。考查副词。修饰动词空格需填副词形式作状语。
59.
hotter。考查形容词比较级。此处考查“the?比较级?….,
the?比较级?…..”结构，意为：越……就越……。因为前面有the
colder，所以空格此处需填the
hotter。
60.
astonished。考查非谓语动词。宾语us是人，故其宾补需填过去分词astonished。
61.
was。考查主谓一致。从句it是形式主语，代替真主语for
the
people
then
to
put
all
those
rocks
into
place，再根据时间状语then可知，空格需填was。
62.
and。考查并列连词。空格前后有两个谓语动词，故需填并列连词and。
63.
aching。考查非谓语动词。形容词性物主代词your之后，名词legs之前，空格需填不是主动进行的现在分词aching作定语。
64.
mine。考查名词性物主代词。根据前面in
the
visitor’s
memory可知空格需填mine，mine
=
my
memory。
65.
a。考查冠词。此处must充当名词语法，空格需用不定冠词a。a
must此处表示“一个必去的地方”。
4、【2020·全国卷I】
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61．.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last
week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62．考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
63．考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a
spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64．考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be
of
interest
to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65．考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more
so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to
find。
67．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really
excites
scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the
moon是单数，故填is
constructed。
69．考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
5、【2020·全国卷II】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61．考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62．考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come
back
to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64．考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more
than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange
trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66．考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67．考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be
associated
with与……相联系。故填with。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be
+形容词
+
to
do”结构。填to
care。
69．考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70．考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
6、【2020·全国卷III】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
61．考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62．考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
63．考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
64．.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65．考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66．考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they
smiled
and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set
out
to
do
sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to
find。
68．考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the
soft
clouds
69
(surround)
the
mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70．考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on
earth。故填on。
7、【2020·全国新高考卷】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36．考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
37．考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38．考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39．考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯?斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the
British
Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40．考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are
called。
41．考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a
small
part
of
a
museum’s
collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most
of
it
is
stored
away
or
used
for
research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42．考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine
sb
doing
sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44．考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45．考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为:
“为了……竞争”。故填for。
【2019·全国卷I】
【文章大意】本文是说明文，主题语境是人与自然，介绍了由于生存环境恶化，北极熊数量减少的状况。
61．that
考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence“证据”的具体内容，空处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义，故本空填连接代词that。
62．poorly
考查副词。应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。
63．of/for
考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for，表示“……的方法”。
64．to
perform
考查非谓语动词。本句含有“Sth．+be+
adj．+不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。
65．have
reported
考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In
recent
years多与现在完成时连用，主语some
Inuit
people为复数意义，因此本空填have
reported。
66．belief
考查名词。根据空前的a可知，短语leading
to后接的是名词作宾语，故本空填belief“信念”。
67．noting
考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。
68．higher
考查比较级。根据空后的连词than可知，本句表示比较意义，因此本空应填higher。
69．the
考查冠词。Of
the
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations“在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群当中”，本空应填定冠词the，表示特指。
70．are
考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语SiX表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。
9、【2019·全国卷II】
【文章大意】本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因每周仍然坚持工作而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。
61．being
查非谓语动词。介词for后应该用．–ing形式，故填being。
62．which
考查关系代词。先行词是the
pet
shop，非限制性定语从句中缺宾语，故填which。
63．finally
考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，故填finally。
64．declared
考查动词的时态。陈述过去发生的事需用一般过去时，故填declared。
65．to
retire
考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语，故填to
retire。
66．have
made
考查动词的时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语over
the
years可知从句时态应为现在完成时，故填have
made。
67．but
考查并列连词。这是not…but…搭配，表达“不是……而是……”的意思。
68．saying
考查非谓语动词。此处该用现在分词作后置定语，故填saying。
69．a
考查冠词。此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
70．wonderful
考查词性转换。此处该用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
10、【2019·全国卷III】
【文章大意】本文讲述了作者在美国夏威夷寄宿家庭的经历。
61．so
考查固定结构。此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里”。so…that…“如此……以至于……”。
62．to
get
考查动词不定式。此处考查“it
takes
sb．
some
time
to
do
sth，”这一句型结构，表示“花某人多长时间做某事”。
63．of
考查介词。a
pack
of是固定用法，意为“一群……”。
64．who
考查定语从句。先行词是their
masters且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。
65．recommended
考查时态。根据句中的“shared”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
66．competition
考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛。
67．traditional
考查词形转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词。
68．hugely
考查副词。修饰形容词popular应用副词hugely。
69．were
invited
考查时态和语态。文章讲述发生在过去的事情，此处应为一般过去时。we和invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
70．listening
考查现在分词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
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