2021-2022学年人教版高中英语：必修五 Unit 1 Great scientists 分层训练（含答案 无听力及写作试题）

2021-2022学年人教版高中英语：必修五
Unit
1
Great
scientists
分层训练
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She
couldn’t
　　　　(出席)
the
meeting,so
her
assistant
took
her
place.?
2.She
doesn’t
want
to
　　　　(暴露)
herself
to
the
public,because
she
is
a
shy
girl.?
3.Destruction
of
the
environment
is
one
of
the
most
serious
　　　　(挑战)
we
face.?
4.Who
is
to
　　　　(应负责任)
for
setting
the
house
on
fire??
5.Have
they
　　　　(通告)
when
the
plane
will
take
off??
6.How
disappointed
they
were
when
their
team
was
　　　　(打败)
by
ours.?
7.Two
policemen
as
well
as
an
expert
were
sent
to
　　　　(处理)
the
complex
case.?
8.Have
you
heard
that
Martin
got
　　　　(严重的)
injuries
in
the
traffic
accident??
9.To
my
surprise,one
of
my
most
able
students
was
　　　　(拒绝)
by
the
university.?
10.Kindness
is
one
of
his
　　　　(特性).?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.　　　　(expose)
to
so
many
advertisements,we
can’t
help
being
persuaded
to
buy
something
we
don’t
really
need.?
2.The
bell
rang,　　　　(announce)
the
end
of
the
class.?
3.He
collected
a
lot
of
information
and
made
careful
investigations
before
drawing
a
　　　　(conclude).?
4.I
believe
they’ll
have
to
deal
with
the
matter
　　　　(caution).?
5.Do
you
know
how
to
prove
a
new
idea
in
　　　　(science)
research??
6.The
Tower
Bridge,　　　　(construct)
in
the
1890s,still
plays
an
important
role
in
London
traffic.?
7.She
doesn’t
seem
　　　　(enthusiasm)
about
living
in
large
cities
but
prefers
the
nice
atmosphere
in
the
neighbourhood
in
the
small
town.?
8.A
wise
mother
never
exposes
her
children
　　　　
the
slightest
possibility
of
danger.?
9.Don’t
lose
heart.Just
　　　　(analysis)
the
result
and
try
to
improve
your
plan.?
10.Mary
was
so
　　　　(absorb)
in
reading
a
novel
that
she
had
no
idea
of
what
was
going
on
outside.?
Ⅲ.短语检测
1.A
suitable
solution
has
already
been
　　　　
　　　　(提出)
by
the
new
manager.?
2.I
can’t
　　　　
　　　　
　　　　(理解)what
the
teacher
said
just
now.?
3.Who
　　　　
　　　　
　　　　(该负责)
for
the
traffic
accident??
4.He
offered
to
　　　　
　　　　(向……捐款)
the
Red
Cross.?
5.We
had
a
heated
discussion
before
　　　　
　　　　
　　　　(得出那个结论).?
Ⅳ.根据提示词或相关要求补全句子
1.把小事做好,有助于增强我们的自信心,并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。(contribute)
Doing
small
things
well
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
meet
bigger
challenges
in
the
future.?
2.每当看到这些老照片的时候,我就会想起我小学的同班同学们。(every
time)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I
will
think
of
my
classmates
in
primary
school.?
3.只有用这种方法我们才能在英语学习中取得进步。(部分倒装)
Only
in
this
way
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
4.Jerry如此专心于工作,以至于忘记了去跟女朋友约会。(be
absorbed
in)
Jerry
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
that
he
forgot
to
date
with
his
girlfriend.?
5.他把考试失败归咎于老师。(blame)
He
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
the
teacher.?
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
　　John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London,1.　　　　
was
so
expert
that
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician.But
he
was
better
known
for
2.　　　　(defeat)
“King
Cholera”.?
Cholera
was
a
3.　　　　(dead)
disease
and
neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood.John
Snow
wanted
to
face
the
challenge
and
solve
the
problem.He
suspected
that
people
4.　　　　(absorb)
this
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.So
when
another
outbreak
hit
London,he
began
his
enquiry.He
found
that
many
victims
5.　　　　(link)
to
the
outbreak
were
near
the
water
pump,so
he
had
the
handle
6.　　　　(remove).Soon
afterwards
7.　　　　
disease
slowed
down.With
some
extra
supporting
evidence,he
drew
a
conclusion
that
the
polluted
water
was
8.　　　　(blame).?
The
water
companies
were
instructed
not
to
expose
people
9.　　　　
polluted
water
any
more.10.　　　　(final)
“King
Cholera”
was
defeated.?
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读理解
You
must
have
heard
of
Tesla
Motors,but
do
you
know
Nicola
Tesla?
Born
on
10th
July,1856
in
Croatia,Eastern
Europe,Tesla
was
interested
in
electricity
from
a
very
young
age.In
1881,one
of
the
first
telephone
exchanges
opened
in
Budapest.Tesla
moved
there
and
got
a
job.It
was
here
that
Tesla
first
thought
of
the
idea
of
the
alternating
current(AC)(交流电).
In
1884,Tesla
moved
to
America
and
worked
for
Thomas
Edison.But
Tesla
worked
for
Edison
for
less
than
a
year.Tesla
was
sure
his
AC
dynamo
was
the
best
way
to
capture
(获取)
and
transport
electricity.However,Edison
thought
his
way
of
using
direct
current
(DC)
was
better
and
considered
AC
to
be
unsafe.But
soon
the
scientific
community
accepted
AC
was
more
powerful
than
DC
and
it
was
proved
safe.
In
1895,Tesla
designed
the
first
water
power
plant
using
the
energy
of
the
Niagara
Falls.And
he
did
it
using
the
AC
motor.After
the
success
of
AC,Tesla
became
well-known.He
travelled
and
spoke
to
many
scientists
about
his
inventions
and
ideas.He
built
a
large
laboratory
where
he
did
amazing
things
with
lights
and
electricity.However,it
burned
down
not
long
after
it
was
built.
As
Tesla
got
older,he
continued
to
come
up
with
new
ideas
and
theories.But
he
was
less
successful
and
famous.Many
people
didn’t
recognize
that
the
particular
inventions
were
really
Tesla’s
ideas.
Tesla
gave
speeches
about
creating
electrical
power
from
the
earth’s
atmosphere.He
also
talked
about
ways
that
wireless
electricity
and
communication
could
power
things
all
over
the
world!
But
to
the
people
of
his
time,these
ideas
sounded
crazy.However,some
of
his
ideas
have
now
been
supported
by
modern
research
and
technology.
Tesla’s
last
years
were
lonely
and
sad.He
received
many
awards,but
received
very
little
money.When
he
was
to
die
in
1943,he
was
no
longer
famous
and
felt
forgotten.Today,not
many
people
know
the
name
of
Nicola
Tesla
but
his
inventions
and
ideas
affect
our
lives
every
day!
1.Why
did
Tesla
stop
working
for
Edison?
A.Tesla
was
badly
paid
there.
B.They
had
some
disagreements.
C.They
had
very
different
characters.
D.Tesla
wanted
to
move
back
to
Europe.
2.In
his
later
years,Tesla　　　.?
A.lived
a
colorful
life
B.was
misunderstood
and
doubted
C.was
unable
to
think
out
new
ideas
D.rose
to
fame
as
an
award-winning
inventor
3.We
can
learn
from
the
text
that
Tesla　　　.?
A.became
famous
as
an
assistant
to
Edison
B.was
ahead
of
modern
technology
C.had
great
interest
in
travelling
D.was
not
good
at
speeches
4.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Nicola
Tesla,a
challenger
for
difficulties
B.Nicola
Tesla,a
dreamer
in
science
C.Nicola
Tesla,a
forgotten
inventor
D.Nicola
Tesla,a
strange
scientist
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021年1月浙江,七选五)
You
run
into
the
grocery
store
to
pick
up
one
bottle
of
water.You
get
what
you
need,head
to
the
front,and
choose
the
line
that
looks
fastest.
You
chose
wrong.People
who
you
swear
got
in
other
lines
long
after
you
are
already
checked
out
and
off
to
the
parking
lot.　1　?
It
turns
out,it’s
just
math
working
against
you;
chances
are,the
other
line
really
is
faster.
Grocery
stores
try
to
have
enough
employees
at
checkouts
to
get
all
their
customers
through
with
minimum
delay.　2　
Any
small
interruption—a
price
check,a
chatty
customer—can
have
downstream
effects,holding
up
an
entire
line.?
If
there
are
three
lines
in
the
store,delays
will
happen
randomly
at
different
registers.Think
about
the
probability:　3　
So
it’s
not
just
in
your
mind:
Another
line
probably
is
moving
faster.?
Researchers
have
a
good
way
to
deal
with
this
problem.Make
all
customers
stand
in
one
long,snaking
line—called
a
serpentine
line—and
serve
each
person
at
the
front
with
the
next
available
register.　4　
This
is
what
they
do
at
most
banks
and
fast-food
restaurants.With
a
serpentine
line,a
long
delay
at
one
register
won’t
unfairly
punish
the
people
who
lined
up
behind
it.Instead,it
will
slow
down
everyone
a
little
bit
but
speed
up
checkout
overall.?
　5　
It
takes
many
registers
to
keep
one
line
moving
quickly,and
some
stores
can’t
afford
the
space
or
manpower.So
wherever
your
next
wait
may
be:Good
luck.?
A.Why
does
this
always
seem
to
happen
to
you?
B.So
why
don’t
most
places
encourage
serpentine
lines?
C.Some
of
them
may
have
stood
in
a
queue
for
almost
an
hour.
D.The
chances
of
your
line
being
the
fastest
are
only
one
in
three.
E.How
high
is
the
probability
that
you
are
in
the
fastest
waiting
line?
F.With
three
registers,this
method
is
much
faster
than
the
traditional
approach.
G.But
sometimes,as
on
a
Sunday
afternoon,the
system
gets
particularly
busy.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I
woke
up
without
much
enthusiasm,rolled
out
of
bed
and
　1　
there
not
wanting
to
believe
I
had
to
go
to
work
again.This
must
just
be
a
bad
dream
that
never
seemed
to
　2　
with
the
same
old
thing
being
done
over
and
over
again.I
cheered
myself
up
to
a
standing
position
and
　3　slowly
around
back
towards
my
comfortable
and
warm
bed
and
had
to　4　the
very
last
ounce
of
strength
not
to
head
back
into
its
hug.What
a
　5　
it
was
to
get
dressed
and
head
out
of
the
door!?
Off
I
went
to　6　arriving
just
in
time.Then,　7　,my
boss
said
there
was
a(n)　8　
job
to
do
right
now.I　9　that
anybody
could
do
this
job
and
that　10　
else
would
have
to
do
it
if
I
waited
long
enough.But
nobody
else　11　up
to
the
job
and
this
left
me
with
a
sinking
feeling.?
That’s
the
same
problem
with
your　12　.Many
people
use
up
a
lifetime
trying
to
　13　
somebody
else
to
do
all
the
hard
work
to
improve
their
life.There
is
a
lot
of
discomfort
with
actually　14　
your
very
own
life
while
it
is
much
　15　to
let
others
do
it.The
real
problem,however,is
that
it
takes
a
lot
of
　16　
to
find
somebody
who
will
do
anything
for
you.Your
life
won’t
change
　17　
you
are
willing
to
grab
hold
of
your
life
and
　18　
that
nobody
else
will
ever
create
the
life
you
want.Therefore,stop
　19　
anybody
to
do
something
for
you.　20　,get
your
own
body
going
and
get
it
done
now.?
1.A.sat
B.stood
C.lay
D.went
2.A.begin
B.end
C.make
D.share
3.A.glared
B.talked
C.glanced
D.walked
4.A.lack
B.lose
C.test
D.use
5.A.struggle
B.surprise
C.shock
D.mess
6.A.school
B.work
C.bed
D.hospital
7.A.as
a
result
B.in
either
case
C.what
was
worse
D.in
the
end
8.A.good
B.first
C.special
D.urgent
9.A.knew
B.explained
C.regretted
D.promised
10.A.everybody
B.anybody
C.somebody
D.nobody
11.A.lived
B.stayed
C.looked
D.stepped
12.A.life
B.job
C.goal
D.belief
13.A.refuse
B.trust
C.search
D.find
14.A.getting
rid
of
B.taking
charge
of
C.looking
forward
to
D.thinking
much
of
15.A.harder
B.longer
C.earlier
D.easier
16.A.effort
B.courage
C.advantage
D.action
17.A.if
B.unless
C.because
D.while
18.A.forget
B.explain
C.accept
D.wonder
19.A.staring
at
B.looking
for
C.attending
to
D.caring
about
20.A.However
B.Thus
C.Instead
D.Otherwise
参考答案
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.attend　2.expose　3.challenges　4.blame　5.announced　6.defeated　7.handle　8.severe　9.rejected
10.characteristics
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Exposed　2.announcing　3.conclusion　4.cautiously　5.scientific　6.constructed　7.enthusiastic　8.to
9.analyse/analyze　10.absorbed
Ⅲ.短语检测
1.put
forward　2.make
sense
of　3.is
to
blame　4.contribute
to　5.drawing
the
conclusion
Ⅳ.根据提示词或相关要求补全句子
1.contributes
to
building
up
our
confidence
and
helping
us　2.Every
time
I
see
the
old
photos　3.can
we
make
progress
in
English
learning　4.was
so
absorbed
in
his
work　5.blamed
the
failure
of
his
exam
on
Ⅴ.课文缩写填空
　1.who　2.defeating　3.deadly　4.absorbed　5.linked　6.removed　7.the　8.to
blame　9.to　10.Finally
【能力提升】Ⅰ.阅读理解
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tesla
was
sure
his
AC
dynamo
was
the
best
way
to
capture
and
transport
electricity.However,Edison
thought
his
way
of
using
direct
current
(DC)
was
better
and
considered
AC
to
be
unsafe.”可知,特斯拉主张用交流电机获取和传输电能,而爱迪生更看好使用直流电,由此可推知,两人之间的分歧导致特斯拉不再继续为爱迪生工作。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Many
people
didn’t
recognize
that
the
particular
inventions
were
really
Tesla’s
ideas及第五段中的these
ideas
sounded
crazy可推知,特斯拉在晚年遭受误解和质疑。
3.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的However,some
of
his
ideas
have
now
been
supported
by
modern
research
and
technology可知,特斯拉走在了现代科技的前面。
4.C　标题归纳题。文章首句以问句形式引出本文的主人公,文章结尾句“Today,not
many
people
know
the
name
of
Nicola
Tesla
but
his
inventions
and
ideas
affect
our
lives
every
day!”与首句相呼应;且结合全文内容可知,特斯拉是一名伟大的发明家,然而却不被人们铭记。由此可知C项作文章标题贴切。
Ⅱ.七选五
1.A　前文提到就算你早排队,你结账却还是比其他队伍中晚到的人结得晚,所以A项“这为什么似乎老是发生在你身上?”符合语境。且后文中As
it
turns
out“结果是,被证明是”也是提示信息。这里属于设问句考点,一问一答类型。
2.G　也许食品杂货店花了很多人力物力财力,希望结账速度更快,但是有时候,就像在周日下午一样,结账系统会变得格外繁忙。在这种情况下,任何小的干扰都会让我们的结账受阻。G项与前面那句话构成转折,引出了后面那句话,后面那句话与之构成递进关系。
3.D　本段第一句提到“如果有三条队伍……”;根据空前的提示词probability“概率,几率”可知D项“你所在的队伍结账速度最快的可能性只有三分之一”符合语境。
4.F　因为存在延迟问题,所以就需要解决这个问题,于是研究人员发明了蛇形排队法,即大家排成蛇形队,空处后面也提到大多数银行和快餐店都使用这种方法。故F项“如果有三个收银机,这一方法比传统的方法要快得多”符合语境。
5.B　这里又是设问句的考点。既然蛇形排队法如此便利和快捷,为什么大多数地方不使用这种方法呢?原来很多地方没有这么多收银机,或者没有这么多空间或人力。
Ⅲ.完形填空
1.A　考查动词辨析。句意:我醒了,不怎么有激情,一骨碌从床上爬起来后就坐在那里,不愿相信我必须再去上班。A.sat坐;B.stood站立;C.lay躺;D.went去。本句话是在描述作者起床时的一连串动作,作者不愿意去上班,很不情愿地爬起来坐在床边。故选A。
2.B　考查动词辨析。句意为“这一定是个噩梦,它似乎永远不会结束……”。A.begin开始;B.end结束;C.make制作;D.share分享。由“with
the
same
old
thing
being
done
over
and
over
again”可知,上班是一件不会“结束”的事情。故选B。
3.C　考查动词辨析。句意:我振作精神站了起来,慢慢向后朝我那舒适而又温暖的床看了一眼,不得不使用最后一点力气,这才没有投回它的怀抱。A.glared怒视;B.talked说话;C.glanced看一眼;D.walked散步。作者已经站起来,但是因为实在不愿意去上班,因此舍不得地看了一眼舒适而温暖的床。故选C。
4.D　考查动词辨析。句意:我振作精神站了起来,慢慢向后看了一眼我那舒适而又温暖的床,不得不使用最后一点力气,这才没有投回它的怀抱。A.lack缺乏;B.lose失去;C.test测试;D.use使用。空格处所填入的动词的宾语是strength,此处表示作者尽最大努力从床上起身站起来,使用了最后一点力气,才使自己抵住了重新回到床上的诱惑,因此此处选择use合乎语境。故选D。
5.A　考查名词辨析。句意:穿好衣服走出门真是不容易!A.struggle本意为“斗争,努力”,此处意为“难事”;B.surprise惊讶;C.shock震惊,休克;D.mess混乱。由上面的分析可知,作者经历了一番斗争,很不容易地起床了。故选A。
6.B　考查名词辨析。句意:我出门去上班,及时到达了工作地点。A.school学校;B.work工作;C.bed床;D.hospital医院。由第一段第一句中的“go
to
work”可知,作者是去上班。故选B。
7.C　考查短语辨析。句意:然后,更糟糕的是,我的老板说现在有急事要做。A.as
a
result
因此,结果;B.in
either
case在(两者中)任一情况下;C.what
was
worse更糟糕的是;D.in
the
end最终。根据上下文可知,作者来到工作单位后,老板说有紧急任务要完成,本来作者就不愿意上班,因此作者的心情更糟了。故选C。
8.D　考查形容词辨析。句意:然后,更糟糕的是,我的老板说现在有急事要做。A.good好的;B.first第一的;C.special特别的;D.urgent紧急的。由“right
now”可知,这份工作是很急的,因此此处选择urgent合乎语境。故选D。
9.A　考查动词辨析。句意:我知道任何人都可以做这项工作,如果我等足够久的话,别人就不得不去做。A.knew知道;B.explained解释;C.regretted后悔;D.promised承诺。此处所填单词表示作者的想法。故选A。
10.C　考查代词辨析。句意:我知道任何人都可以做这项工作,如果我等足够久的话,别人就不得不去做。A.everybody
每个人;B.anybody任何人;C.somebody有人;D.nobody没有人。根据上文可知,作者知道任何人都可以做这项工作,如果作者不去做的话总“有人”会去做。故选C。
11.D　考查动词辨析。句意:但是,没有其他人前去做这项工作,这让我有一种沮丧的感觉。A.lived生活;B.stayed停留;C.looked看;D.stepped迈步,行走。此处step
up
to
the
job意为“前去做这项工作”。故选D。
12.A　考查名词辨析。句意:你的生活也有同样的问题。A.life生活;B.job工作;C.goal目标;D.belief信念。由后文中的提示词life可知,作者此处想要表达的是很多人在生活中都会遇上这样的问题。故选A。
13.D　考查动词辨析。句意:许多人用尽一辈子的时间,尽力找到其他人去做所有艰难的工作以便改善他们的生活。A.refuse拒绝;B.trust信任;C.search搜索;D.find找到。由作者的经历可知,此处作者的意思是“找到”别人来做艰难的工作。故选D。
14.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:
实际上,掌控自己的生活会带来很多不安,而让别人去做会容易得多。A.getting
rid
of
摆脱;B.taking
charge
of负责,掌控;C.looking
forward
to期待;D.thinking
much
of认为……很不错,对……重视。由文章最后一句话可知,要亲自动手,立即完成自己的工作,这是对自己生活的掌控和负责。故选B。
15.D　考查形容词辨析。句意:实际上,掌控自己的生活会带来很多不安,而让别人去做会容易得多。A.harder更难的;B.longer更长的;C.earlier更早的;D.easier更容易的。while在句中表示转折;根据上文的“掌控自己的生活会带来很多不安”可知,掌控自己的生活是不容易的。由此可知,让别人去做会容易得多。故选D。
16.A　考查名词辨析。句意:然而,真正的问题是,找到一个愿意为你做任何事情的人需要花费很多精力。A.effort努力,气力,精力;B.courage勇气;C.advantage有利条件;D.action动作。找到一个愿意为你做任何事情的人是不容易的,因此这样的事情是需要一个人付出很多的精力的。故选A。
17.B　考查连词辨析。句意为“你的生活不会改变,除非你愿意掌控自己的生活并接受一个事实:其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。”A.if如果;B.unless除非,如果不;C.because因为;D.while当……时。根据语境可知,此处应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
18.C　考查动词辨析。句意为“你的生活不会改变,除非你愿意掌控自己的生活并相信一个事实:其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活。”A.forget忘记;B.explain解释;C.accept本意为“接受”,此处意为“相信(某事属实)”;D.wonder想知道。其他人永远不会创造出你想要的生活,这是一个事实,相信它,你才有可能改变自己的生活。故选C。
19.B　考查动词短语辨析。句意:因此,停止寻找任何人为你做事情。A.staring
at
盯着看;B.looking
for寻找;C.attending
to致力于,照料;D.caring
about关心,在乎。由文章最后一句可知,作者要亲自动手,立即完成自己的工作,所以此处表示不要再找别人为自己做事情了。故选B。
20.C　考查副词辨析。句意:相反地,亲自动手,现在就完成自己的工作。A.However然而;B.Thus所以;C.Instead相反地,代替;D.Otherwise否则,要不然。此处表示“相反地”之意,故选C。