(共20张PPT)
语法精炼②
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
语态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，当需要指出动作的发出者时，可以用by引出。如：The
flowers
are
being
destroyed
by
the
rain.雨打花落。
1.现在进行时的被动语态
(1)含义
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
(2)结构
①肯定式：主语＋am/is/are
being
done＋其他．
[1]Some
trees
are
being
cut
down
in
the
park.公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
②否定式：主语＋am/is/are
not
being
done＋其他．
[2]It
is
reported
that
the
water
in
the
lake
is
not
being
protected
now.据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
③一般疑问式：Am/ls/Are＋主语＋being
done＋其他？
[3]Are
the
babies
being
looked
after
by
this
nurse？这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are(＋主语)＋being
done＋其他？
[4]
Who
is
being
trained
for
the
coming
English
speech
contest？谁在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛训练？
(3)用法
①表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有now,
at
the
moment等时间状语。
[5]The
topic
is
being
discussed
by
them
at
the
moment.他们此刻正在讨论这个话题。
[6]He
is
now
being
treated
in
China.现在，他正在中国接受治疗。
②表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
[7]These
animals
are
being
hunted
at
such
a
high
speed
that
they
will
disappear
soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快，它们很快就会消失。
③表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always,
constantly,
often等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
[8]I
feel
very
surprised
that
the
window
of
our
classroom
is
often
being
broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破。
[9]
Tom
is
always
being
praised
by
the
teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬。
④与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
[10]
Jim
may
be
being
interviewed
by
the
reporters
at
the
very
moment.吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。
[11]—Do
you
know
what
Mr
Smith
is
doing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？
[12]—He
is
ill.
He
may
be
being
examined
by
the
doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。
(4)注意事项
①不可遗漏being。
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态。
[13]
Look!
The
children
are
being
taken
care
of
by
their
aunt.瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。
[14]
Children
are
taken
good
care
of
at
school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态)
②现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词hold，take等)。
[15]
A
party
is
being
held
tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。
③现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be＋介词(under/in等)＋名词”结构。
[16]
The
problem
is
under
discussion(＝is
being
discussed)
at
the
meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。
[17]The
telephone
is
in
use(＝is
being
used)
now.这部电话正在使用中。
2．现在完成时的被动语态
(1)含义
现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。
(2)结构
①肯定式：主语＋have/has
been
done＋其他．
[1]The
bridge
over
the
Yellow
River
has
just
been
completed.黄河上的这座桥刚刚建成。
[2]The
plan
has
been
studied
by
the
experts
last
month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。
②否定式：主语＋have/has
not
been
done＋其他．
[3]They
haven't
been
told
the
exciting
news
yet,
have
they？还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，是吗？
[4]The
second?hand
car
has
not
been
sold.这辆二手汽车还没有被卖出去。
③一般疑问式：Have/Has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？
[5]—Has
her
work
been
finished？她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes，it
has.是的，完成了。
④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？
[6]How
long
has
the
machine
been
used？这台机器使用多久了？
(3)用法
①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already,
yet,
never,
recently等副词及时间状语so
far,
by
now,
up
till
now,
since等连用。
[7]The
room
has
already
been
cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
[8]The
doctor
hasn't
been
sent
for
yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
②表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how
long引出的句子中。
[9]
The
machine
has
been
repaired
for
two
hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
[10]
How
long
has
the
project
been
carried
out？这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)
③用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
[11]
We'll
start
as
soon
as
the
work
has
been
finished.这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。
(4)注意事项
①现在完成时的被动语态中的have/has和been不可缺失。
②现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。
[12]
The
big
fire
was
put
out
two
hours
ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
[13]The
big
fire
has
been
put
out.大火已经被扑灭了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Look!
The
baby
___________
(take)
care
of
by
her
aunt.
2．A
new
building
___________
(build)
outside
our
school
at
present.
3．My
washing
machine
_____________
(repair)
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
4．Hi,
I'm
Alice.
Look
at
this
photo—a
snowman
___________
(make)
by
me.
5．At
present
a
new
home
__________
(build)
for
pandas.
6．Is
the
bridge
___________
(repair)
now?
7．To
our
delight,
many
endangered
species
_______________
(protect)
by
the
government
now.
8．Many
interesting
experiments
_____________
(carry)
out
these
days.
9．Since
your
bike
_____________
(repair),
you
can
use
mine.
is
being
taken
is
being
built
is
being
repaired
is
being
made
is
being
built
being
repaired
are
being
protected
are
being
carried
is
being
repaired
10．Daisy
has
found
that
a
lot
of
antelopes
_____________
(hunt)
and
killed
for
the
wool
beneath
their
stomachs
now.
11．The
new
generation
of
computers,
with
artificial
intelligence,
_______________
(develop)
and
perfected
now.
12．He
hurried
home，never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
_______________
(follow)．
13．—I
don't
suppose
the
police
know
who
did
it.
—Well,
surprisingly
they
do.
A
man
has
been
arrested
and
____________
(question)
now.
14．—Have
you
handed
in
your
schoolwork
yet?
—Yes，I
have.I
guess
it
____________
(grade)
now.
15．—What's
that
noise?
—Oh,
I
forgot
to
tell
you.
The
new
machine
____________
(test)．
are
being
hunted
are
being
developed
was
being
followed
is
being
questioned
is
being
graded
is
being
tested
16．Their
new
house
_______________
(decorate)
for
two
months
and
they
will
settle
in
it
in
the
near
future.
17．Their
new
cars
________________
(advertise
)
on
the
Internet
for
a
long
time.
18．All
the
athletes
______________
(select
)
from
millions
of
people
all
over
the
country
in
the
past
two
months.
19．A
new
library
and
a
gymnasium
in
our
school
___________
(set)
up
so
far
and
they
will
be
put
into
use
very
soon.
20．A
great
many
machines
__________________
(produce)
by
the
factory
since
the
technological
revolution.
21．Great
changes
_________
(take)
place
in
my
hometown
and
a
lot
of
factories
__________
(set)
up
in
the
past
ten
years.
22．Every
possible
means
____________
(try)
to
save
the
wounded
soldier
up
to
now.
has
been
decorated
have
been
advertised
have
been
selected
have
been
set
have
been
produced
have
taken
have
been
set
has
been
tried
23．How
many
suggestions
____________
(give)
to
you
so
far?
24．I
can't
see
any
coffee
in
this
cupboard.
___
it
all
_________
(finish)?
25．All
the
preparations
for
the
task
____________
(make),
and
we're
ready
to
start.
26．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
_______________
(produce)
all
over
the
world.
27．Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
_____________
(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
28．I
got
caught
in
the
rain
and
my
suit
____________
(ruin)．
29．A
lot
of
factories
___________
(set)
up
since
last
year.
30．We
can't
go
on
with
the
experiment
because
the
computer
_______________
(not
repair)．
have
been
given
Has
been
finished
have
been
made
have
been
produced
has
been
reached
has
been
ruined
have
been
set
hasn't
been
repaired
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．These
birds
________________
(正在被保护)
well
here.
2．The
sports
meeting
___________
(正在被举办)
in
our
school.
3．How
many
buildings
____________
(正在被修建)
in
the
town?
4．The
giant
machine
________________
(被拆卸)
at
the
moment
and
it
will
be
fixed
up
in
the
new
workshop
in
the
near
future.
5．The
classroom
______________
(被装饰)
with
balloons
and
flowers
right
now
and
the
students
are
preparing
for
the
New
Year
party.
6．The
boys
____________________
(已经被多次告知)
not
to
swim
in
that
lake,
but
it
doesn't
make
any
difference.
are
being
protected
is
being
held
are
being
built
is
being
taken
apart
is
being
decorated
have
been
told
many
times
7．We
are
glad
to
be
told
that
Li
Tao
___________________________
(已经被复旦大学寻取)
for
his
top
scores.
8．With
the
help
of
high
technology,
more
and
more
new
substances
____________________
(已经被发现)
in
the
past
few
years.
9．When
and
where
to
go
for
the
on?salary
holiday
________________
(没有被确定)
yet.
10．Though
we
don't
know
what
was
discussed,
yet
we
can
feel
the
topic
______________
(已经被改变了)．
has
been
admitted
to
Fudan
University
have
been
discovered
has
not
been
decided
has
been
changed语法精炼②
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
语态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，当需要指出动作的发出者时，可以用by引出。如：The
flowers
are
being
destroyed
by
the
rain.雨打花落。
1.现在进行时的被动语态
(1)含义
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
(2)结构
①肯定式：主语＋am/is/are
being
done＋其他．
?Some
trees
are
being
cut
down
in
the
park.公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。
②否定式：主语＋am/is/are
not
being
done＋其他．
?It
is
reported
that
the
water
in
the
lake
is
not
being
protected
now.据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
③一般疑问式：Am/ls/Are＋主语＋being
done＋其他？
?Are
the
babies
being
looked
after
by
this
nurse？这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are(＋主语)＋being
done＋其他？
?Who
is
being
trained
for
the
coming
English
speech
contest？谁在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛训练？
(3)用法
①表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有now,
at
the
moment等时间状语。
?The
topic
is
being
discussed
by
them
at
the
moment.他们此刻正在讨论这个话题。
?He
is
now
being
treated
in
China.现在，他正在中国接受治疗。
②表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
?These
animals
are
being
hunted
at
such
a
high
speed
that
they
will
disappear
soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快，它们很快就会消失。
③表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always,
constantly,
often等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感彩。
?I
feel
very
surprised
that
the
window
of
our
classroom
is
often
being
broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破。
?Tom
is
always
being
praised
by
the
teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬。
④与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
Jim
may
be
being
interviewed
by
the
reporters
at
the
very
moment.吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。
—Do
you
know
what
Mr
Smith
is
doing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？
—He
is
ill.
He
may
be
being
examined
by
the
doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。
(4)注意事项
①不可遗漏being。
现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态。
Look!
The
children
are
being
taken
care
of
by
their
aunt.瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。
Children
are
taken
good
care
of
at
school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态)
②现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词hold，take等)。
A
party
is
being
held
tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。
③现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be＋介词(under/in等)＋名词”结构。
The
problem
is
under
discussion(＝is
being
discussed)
at
the
meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。
The
telephone
is
in
use(＝is
being
used)
now.这部电话正在使用中。
2．现在完成时的被动语态
(1)含义
现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。
(2)结构
①肯定式：主语＋have/has
been
done＋其他．
?The
bridge
over
the
Yellow
River
has
just
been
completed.黄河上的这座桥刚刚建成。
?The
plan
has
been
studied
by
the
experts
last
month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。
②否定式：主语＋have/has
not
been
done＋其他．
?They
haven't
been
told
the
exciting
news
yet,
have
they？还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，是吗？
?The
second?hand
car
has
not
been
sold.这辆二手汽车还没有被卖出去。
③一般疑问式：Have/Has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？
?—Has
her
work
been
finished？她的工作完成了吗？
—Yes，it
has.是的，完成了。
④特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been
done＋其他？
?How
long
has
the
machine
been
used？这台机器使用多久了？
(3)用法
①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already,
yet,
never,
recently等副词及时间状语so
far,
by
now,
up
till
now,
since等连用。
?The
room
has
already
been
cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
?The
doctor
hasn't
been
sent
for
yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
②表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how
long引出的句子中。
?The
machine
has
been
repaired
for
two
hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
How
long
has
the
project
been
carried
out？这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)
③用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
We'll
start
as
soon
as
the
work
has
been
finished.这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。
(4)注意事项
①现在完成时的被动语态中的have/has和been不可缺失。
②现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。
The
big
fire
was
put
out
two
hours
ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
The
big
fire
has
been
put
out.大火已经被扑灭了。
—————————————— 【随堂自测】 ——————————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Look!
The
baby
________
(take)
care
of
by
her
aunt.
2．A
new
building
________
(build)
outside
our
school
at
present.
3．My
washing
machine
________
(repair)
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
4．Hi,
I'm
Alice.
Look
at
this
photo—a
snowman
________
(make)
by
me.
5．At
present
a
new
home
________
(build)
for
pandas.
6．Is
the
bridge
________
(repair)
now?
7．To
our
delight,
many
endangered
species
________
(protect)
by
the
government
now.
8．Many
interesting
experiments
________
(carry)
out
these
days.
9．Since
your
bike
________
(repair),
you
can
use
mine.
10．Daisy
has
found
that
a
lot
of
antelopes
________
(hunt)
and
killed
for
the
wool
beneath
their
stomachs
now.
11．The
new
generation
of
computers,
with
artificial
intelligence,
________
(develop)
and
perfected
now.
12．He
hurried
home，never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
______
(follow)．
13．—I
don't
suppose
the
police
know
who
did
it.
—Well,
surprisingly
they
do.
A
man
has
been
arrested
and
________
(question)
now.
14．—Have
you
handed
in
your
schoolwork
yet?
—Yes，I
have.I
guess
it
________
(grade)
now.
15．—What's
that
noise?
—Oh,
I
forgot
to
tell
you.
The
new
machine
________
(test)．
16．Their
new
house
________
(decorate)
for
two
months
and
they
will
settle
in
it
in
the
near
future.
17．Their
new
cars
________
(advertise
)
on
the
Internet
for
a
long
time.
18．All
the
athletes
________
(select
)
from
millions
of
people
all
over
the
country
in
the
past
two
months.
19．A
new
library
and
a
gymnasium
in
our
school
________
(set)
up
so
far
and
they
will
be
put
into
use
very
soon.
20．A
great
many
machines
________
(produce)
by
the
factory
since
the
technological
revolution.
21．Great
changes
________
(take)
place
in
my
hometown
and
a
lot
of
factories
________
(set)
up
in
the
past
ten
years.
22．Every
possible
means
________
(try)
to
save
the
wounded
soldier
up
to
now.
23．How
many
suggestions
________
(give)
to
you
so
far?
24．I
can't
see
any
coffee
in
this
cupboard.
________
it
all
________
(finish)?
25．All
the
preparations
for
the
task
________
(make),
and
we're
ready
to
start.
26．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
________
(produce)
all
over
the
world.
27．Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
________
(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
28．I
got
caught
in
the
rain
and
my
suit
________
(ruin)．
29．A
lot
of
factories
________
(set)
up
since
last
year.
30．We
can't
go
on
with
the
experiment
because
the
computer
________
(not
repair)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．These
birds
________________
(正在被保护)
well
here.
2．The
sports
meeting
________________
(正在被举办)
in
our
school.
3．How
many
buildings
________________
(正在被修建)
in
the
town?
4．The
giant
machine
________________
(被拆卸)
at
the
moment
and
it
will
be
fixed
up
in
the
new
workshop
in
the
near
future.
5．The
classroom
________________
(被装饰)
with
balloons
and
flowers
right
now
and
the
students
are
preparing
for
the
New
Year
party.
6．The
boys
________________
(已经被多次告知)
not
to
swim
in
that
lake,
but
it
doesn't
make
any
difference.
7．We
are
glad
to
be
told
that
Li
Tao
________________
(已经被复旦大学寻取)
for
his
top
scores.
8．With
the
help
of
high
technology,
more
and
more
new
substances
____________________
(已经被发现)
in
the
past
few
years.
9．When
and
where
to
go
for
the
on?salary
holiday
________________________
(没有被确定)
yet.
10．Though
we
don't
know
what
was
discussed,
yet
we
can
feel
the
topic
________________
(已经被改变了)．
语法精讲② 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
【随堂自测】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．is
being
taken 2.is
being
built 3.is
being
repaired 4.is
being
made 5.is
being
built 6.being
repaired 7.are
being
protected 8.are
being
carried 9.is
being
repaired 10.are
being
hunted 11.are
being
developed 12.was
being
followed 13.is
being
questioned 14.is
being
graded 15.is
being
tested 16.has
been
decorated 17.have
been
advertised 18.have
been
selected 19.have
been
set 20.have
been
produced 21.have
taken have
been
set 22.has
been
tried 23.have
been
given 24.Has been
finished 25.have
been
made 26.have
been
produced 27.has
been
reached 28.has
been
ruined 29.have
been
set 30.hasn't
been
repaired
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．are
being
protected 2.is
being
held 3.are
being
built 4.is
being
taken
apart 5.is
being
decorated 6.have
been
told
many
times 7.has
been
admitted
to
Fudan
University 8.have
been
discovered 9.has
not
been
decided 10.has
been
changed
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4
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