(共29张PPT)
语法精讲①
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
1．语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
[1]Every
part
is
to
be
carefully
checked
before
they
are
put
together.
组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。
[2]A
big
part
of
the
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs
and
cattle
in
that
country.
在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。
[3]These
toys
are
designed
for
children
under
three
years
old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
(2)复合不定代词anyone,
anything,
someone,
somebody,
something,
everyone,
everybody,
everything,
nobody,
nothing及不定代词either,
each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[4]Everyone
is
ready
for
the
sports
meeting.
每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
[5]Everything
is
in
a
complete
mess,
which
drives
people
crazy.
所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。
(3)单个的动词不定式(短语)、v.?ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
[6]Listening
to
music
makes
me
relaxed
after
a
busy
day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
[7]When
they
could
finish
the
task
is
not
known
yet.
他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
[特别提示] ①由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What
I
bought
were
three
English
books.
我买的是三本英语书。
②若what引导的主语从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用单数，有时也可以用复数。
What
I
say
and
do
is/are
helpful
to
you.
我所说的和所做的对你是有帮助的。
(4)由as
well
as,
along
with,
together
with,
with,
rather
than,
but,
except,
besides,
in
addition
to,
like,
including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
[8]The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
the
painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
[9]Tom,
along
with
his
friends,
goes
skating
every
Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
(5)“many
a(n)(许多)/more
than
one(不止一个)＋可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
[10]Many
a
parent
has
had
to
go
through
this
painful
process.
很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
[11]More
than
one
person
is
against
the
proposal.
不止一个人反对这个提议。
(6)由each...and
(each)．..,
every...and
(every)．..，no...and
(no)．..连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[12]Each
teacher
and
(each)
student
was
given
a
ticket.
每一位老师和学生都发了一张票。
[13]
Every
hour
and
(every)
minute
is
important
for
us.
每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。
[14]No
sound
and
(no)
voice
is
heard.听不见任何声响。
(7)“one
of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the
(only)
one
of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
[15]
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
[16]
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
(8)一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如trousers,
pants,
shoes,
glasses,
scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有pair修饰时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单数或复数形式。
[17]
Her
glasses
are
new.她的眼镜是新的。
[18]
This
pair
of
scissors
belongs
to
the
tailor.
这把剪刀是这个裁缝的。
(9)在倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致。
[19]
Between
the
two
buildings
is
a
monument.
这两座建筑物之间矗立着一座纪念碑。
[20]
After
the
exam
is
the
time
for
rest.考完试就可以休息了。
(10)在“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋
that/who...”结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
[21]It
is
they
who
have
worked
there
for
five
years.
是他们在那里工作了五年。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Knowing
how
to
think
clearly
________
(be)
very
important.
②What
astronauts
need
in
the
spaceship
________
(be)
oxygen.
③What
the
children
in
the
area
starve
for
________
(be)
books.
④Dr.
Smith,
as
well
as
his
wife
and
daughters,
________
(be)
going
to
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
⑤All
the
scientific
evidence
________
(show)
that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
________
(be)
damaging
our
health.
⑥To
our
disappointment,
only
a
minority
of
people
________
(be)
in
support
of
our
plan.
⑦It
is
reported
that
many
a
new
house
___________
(build)
at
present
in
the
disaster
area.
⑧Between
the
two
rows
of
trees
________
(stand)
the
teaching
building.
is
is
are
is
shows
is
is/are
is
being
built
stands
⑨The
teacher
together
with
the
students
__________
(discuss)
the
great
sports
personalities
now.
⑩The
teacher,
in
addition
to
his
students,
________
(be)
interested
in
the
book.
?The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
(be)
around
$
8,450
a
year,
which
________
(be)
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
?Tom
was
one
of
the
boys
who
________
(be)
praised
by
the
headmaster.
?Tom
was
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who
________
(be)
praised
by
the
headmaster.
?He
is
one
of
the
students
who
________
(be)
the
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
is
discussing
is/was
are
is
were
was
have
been
2．意义一致原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
[1]The
owner
and
the
editor?in?chief
of
the
newspaper
are
to
attend
the
conference.
这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。
[2]The
knife
and
fork
is
on
the
desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
[3]The
teacher
and
writer
is
going
to
give
us
a
talk.
那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。
(2)all,
none,
some,
any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
[4]All
are
here
and
all
is
ready.所有的人都已到，一切就绪。
[5]All
who
have
studied
this
question
have
come
to
the
same
conclusion.
所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
[6]None
have
arrived
yet.还无人到来。
[7]None
is
more
qualified
for
the
task
than
him.
没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。
(3)“all/most/half/the
rest
of＋名词/代词”或“分数/百分数＋名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
a
number
of...(许多……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
the
number
of...(……的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
[8]The
rest
of
the
buildings
were
easy
to
get
to
and
the
rest
of
his
time
was
spent
in
enjoying
the
beautiful
scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
[9]
He
got
back
home,
finding
that
some
of
the
sugar
was
spilled
on
the
floor.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
[10]
The
number
of
people
invited
was
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
were
absent
for
different
reasons.
邀请的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。
(4)表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
[11]Twenty
kilometers
is
quite
a
long
distance.
20千米是相当长的一段距离。
[12]Fifty
dollars
was
a
large
sum
for
me
at
that
time.
那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
(5)集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
①有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle,
people,
police等。
[13]How
many
people
were
at
the
meeting?
有多少人参加了会议？
[14]The
cattle
are
grazing
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
②有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family,
class,
audience,
team,
group,
band,
committee(委员会)等。
a．强调整体，谓语动词用单数：
[15]
There
was
a
big
audience
at
the
evening
party.
晚会上观众很多。
[16]
Class
One
suggests
a
second
visit
to
the
Great
Wall.
一班提议第二次游览长城。
[17]
The
football
team
is
being
reorganized.
这支足球队正在重组。
b．强调成员，谓语动词用复数：
[18]
The
audience
were
all
deeply
impressed
by
the
plot.
故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。
[19]
Class
One
are
all
out
on
the
playground
to
cheer
for
the
athletes.
一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。
[20]
The
committee
agree
to
discuss
the
proposal
at
the
next
meeting.
委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。
③有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,
equipment,
furniture,
jewellery,
poetry等。
[21]
The
furniture
in
this
room
has
been
made
to
order.
这个房间的家具是定做的。
[22]
All
their
clothing
is
bright
and
attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。
[23]
Most
of
their
equipment
has
been
shipped
ahead
of
schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
[特别提示] 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,
deer,
fish,
sheep,
Chinese,
Japanese等。
Every
means
has
been
tried.每一个方法都试过了。
Not
all
means
are
useful.并非所有的方法都有用。
(6)“定冠词the＋形容词”表示某一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
[24]
Even
the
wise
are
not
always
free
from
error.
即使智者也可能犯错误。
(7)作主语的书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报纸名、国名等若为复数形式，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
[25]The
Newcomers
is
one
of
Thackeray's
finest
books.
《纽克姆一家》是萨克雷的最好著作之一。
(8)以“s”结尾的学科名词和news作主语时，因为这些词都属于形式上是复数，实际意义为单数名词或不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。
[26]
I
think
physics
is
well
worth
studying.
我觉得物理很值得学习。
[27]Bad
news
has
wings.坏事传千里。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①A
survey
carried
out
last
year
showed
that
80%
of
the
middle?aged
in
this
city
________
(be)
in
favour
of
the
proposal
for
health
care
reform.
②All
we
need
________
(be)a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
③One?third
of
the
country
________
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
________
black
people.
(be)
④The
factory
used
65
percent
of
the
raw
materials,
the
rest
of
which
________
(be)
saved
for
other
purposes.
⑤As
the
saying
goes,
“No
news
________
(be)
good
news.”
⑥Last
Sunday,
at
least
ten
people
________
(be)
killed
in
the
car
crash.
were
is
is
are
were
is
were
⑦Summer
Olympics
usually
________
(last)
about
two
weeks
and
the
events
________
(divide)
into
five
parts.
⑧The
United
States
________
(be)
founded
in
1776.
⑨The
audience
________
(be)
so
large
that
no
seat
is
left
unoccupied
in
the
great
hall.
⑩The
rich
________
(be)
not
always
happy.
?Your
trousers
________
(be)
dirty;
you
must
have
them
washed.
?The
pair
of
trousers
________
(be)
a
little
short.
Would
you
please
show
me
a
longer
pair?
?The
Olympic
Games
________
(be)
held
every
four
years.
?Mathematics
________
(be)
the
science
of
numbers
and
shapes.
last
are
divided
was
is
are
are
is
are
is
3．就近原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)either...or...,
...or...,
neither...nor...,
not
only...but
also...，not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
[1]Are
you
or
he
good
at
English?
是你还是他擅长英语？
[2]Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
wants
to
go
climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。
[3]Neither
he
nor
his
children
eat
meat.
他和他的孩子都不吃肉。
[4]Does
neither
he
nor
his
children
eat
meat?
他和他的孩子都不吃肉吗？
(2)there
be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
[5]There
is
a
pen,
two
books
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
[6]There
are
two
books,
a
pen
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Neither
you
nor
one
of
your
students
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
②We're
having
a
meeting
next
week
to
discuss
the
matter.
Either
you
or
he
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting.
③The
exam
is
approaching.
Not
only
Tom
but
also
his
classmates
________
(be)
working
hard.
④________
(be)
either
you
or
she
going
to
the
USA?
⑤There
________(be)
a
boy
and
two
girls
in
the
garden.
They
are
planting
trees.
is
is
are
Are
is
单句语法填空
1．It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
(be)
the
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
(take)
years
to
achieve.
2．Listening
to
loud
music
at
rock
concerts
________
(have)
caused
hearing
loss
in
some
teenagers.
3．Actually,
the
garden,
as
well
as
the
trees
around
it,
________
(belong)
to
a
man
living
across
the
street.
4．Nobody
but
those
invited
by
Dr
Li
___________
(allow)
to
enter
the
patient's
room.
5．Two
fifths
of
the
land
in
that
district
________
(be)
covered
by
trees
and
grass.
is
takes
has
belongs
was/is
allowed
is/was
6．The
majority
of
students
in
my
school
_____
(be)
admitted
to
famous
universities
every
year.
7．Buses
were
not
able
to
run
normally
on
the
roads
because
of
the
heavy
snow
and
more
than
one
student
________
(be)
late
for
school
that
morning.
8．Five
years
___________
(pass)
since
they
met
last
time,
and
for
them,
five
years
________
(be)
really
a
long
time.
9．Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
________
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
10.
The
committee
________
made
up
of
20
members
who
experts
in
medicine.
(be)
are
was
has/have
passed
is/are
is
regarded
is
12．When
every
pupil
in
the
school
________
(wear)
the
uniform,
nobody
________
(have)
to
worry
about
fashion.
13．The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
__________
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens'
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
14．If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you'll
find
probably
a
solution
that
________
(suit)
everyone.
15．There
________
(be)
a
man
sick
in
bed,
his
wife,
who
took
care
of
him
and
could
not
go
out
to
work,
and
their
little
boy.
11．Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
was
given
wears
will
have/has
was
suits
was语法精讲①
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。
1．语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
?Every
part
is
to
be
carefully
checked
before
they
are
put
together.
组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。
?A
big
part
of
the
corn
is
used
to
feed
chickens,
pigs
and
cattle
in
that
country.
在那个国家，一大部分玉米被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。
?These
toys
are
designed
for
children
under
three
years
old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
(2)复合不定代词anyone,
anything,
someone,
somebody,
something,
everyone,
everybody,
everything,
nobody,
nothing及不定代词either,
each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?Everyone
is
ready
for
the
sports
meeting.
每个人都为运动会做好准备了。
?Everything
is
in
a
complete
mess,
which
drives
people
crazy.
所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。
(3)单个的动词不定式(短语)、v.?ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
?Listening
to
music
makes
me
relaxed
after
a
busy
day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
?When
they
could
finish
the
task
is
not
known
yet.
他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
[特别提示] ①由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What
I
bought
were
three
English
books.
我买的是三本英语书。
②若what引导的主语从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用单数，有时也可以用复数。
What
I
say
and
do
is/are
helpful
to
you.
我所说的和所做的对你是有帮助的。
(4)由as
well
as,
along
with,
together
with,
with,
rather
than,
but,
except,
besides,
in
addition
to,
like,
including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。
?The
teacher
as
well
as
the
students
likes
the
painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
?Tom,
along
with
his
friends,
goes
skating
every
Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
(5)“many
a(n)(许多)/more
than
one(不止一个)＋可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many
a
parent
has
had
to
go
through
this
painful
process.
很多父母都不得不经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
More
than
one
person
is
against
the
proposal.
不止一个人反对这个提议。
(6)由each...and
(each)．..,
every...and
(every)．..，no...and
(no)．..连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each
teacher
and
(each)
student
was
given
a
ticket.
每一位老师和学生都发了一张票。
Every
hour
and
(every)
minute
is
important
for
us.
每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。
No
sound
and
(no)
voice
is
heard.听不见任何声响。
(7)“one
of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the
(only)
one
of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
been
to
Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
(8)一些形式为复数但表达单数意义的名词如trousers,
pants,
shoes,
glasses,
scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这类名词前有pair修饰时，要根据pair的单复数来确定谓语动词的单数或复数形式。
Her
glasses
are
new.她的眼镜是新的。
This
pair
of
scissors
belongs
to
the
tailor.
这把剪刀是这个裁缝的。
(9)在倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致。
Between
the
two
buildings
is
a
monument.
这两座建筑物之间矗立着一座纪念碑。
After
the
exam
is
the
time
for
rest.考完试就可以休息了。
(10)在“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋
that/who...”结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
It
is
they
who
have
worked
there
for
five
years.
是他们在那里工作了五年。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Knowing
how
to
think
clearly
________
(be)
very
important.
②What
astronauts
need
in
the
spaceship
________
(be)
oxygen.
③What
the
children
in
the
area
starve
for
________
(be)
books.
④Dr.
Smith,
as
well
as
his
wife
and
daughters,
________
(be)
going
to
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
⑤All
the
scientific
evidence
________
(show)
that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
________
(be)
damaging
our
health.
⑥To
our
disappointment,
only
a
minority
of
people
________
(be)
in
support
of
our
plan.
⑦It
is
reported
that
many
a
new
house
________
(build)
at
present
in
the
disaster
area.
⑧Between
the
two
rows
of
trees
________
(stand)
the
teaching
building.
⑨The
teacher
together
with
the
students
________
(discuss)
the
great
sports
personalities
now.
⑩The
teacher,
in
addition
to
his
students,
________
(be)
interested
in
the
book.
?The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
________
(be)
around
$
8,450
a
year,
which
________
(be)
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
?Tom
was
one
of
the
boys
who
________
(be)
praised
by
the
headmaster.
?Tom
was
the
only
one
of
the
boys
who
________
(be)
praised
by
the
headmaster.
?He
is
one
of
the
students
who
________
(be)
the
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
2．意义一致原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
?The
owner
and
the
editor?in?chief
of
the
newspaper
are
to
attend
the
conference.
这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。
?The
knife
and
fork
is
on
the
desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
?The
teacher
and
writer
is
going
to
give
us
a
talk.
那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。
(2)all,
none,
some,
any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
?All
are
here
and
all
is
ready.所有的人都已到，一切就绪。
?All
who
have
studied
this
question
have
come
to
the
same
conclusion.
所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
?None
have
arrived
yet.还无人到来。
?None
is
more
qualified
for
the
task
than
him.
没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。
(3)“all/most/half/the
rest
of＋名词/代词”或“分数/百分数＋名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
a
number
of...(许多……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
the
number
of...(……的数量)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?The
rest
of
the
buildings
were
easy
to
get
to
and
the
rest
of
his
time
was
spent
in
enjoying
the
beautiful
scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
?He
got
back
home,
finding
that
some
of
the
sugar
was
spilled
on
the
floor.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
The
number
of
people
invited
was
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
were
absent
for
different
reasons.
邀请的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。
(4)表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
Twenty
kilometers
is
quite
a
long
distance.
20千米是相当长的一段距离。
Fifty
dollars
was
a
large
sum
for
me
at
that
time.
那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
(5)集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题
①有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle,
people,
police等。
How
many
people
were
at
the
meeting?
有多少人参加了会议？
The
cattle
are
grazing
at
the
foot
of
the
hill.
牛群正在山脚下吃草。
②有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family,
class,
audience,
team,
group,
band,
committee(委员会)等。
a．强调整体，谓语动词用单数：
There
was
a
big
audience
at
the
evening
party.
晚会上观众很多。
Class
One
suggests
a
second
visit
to
the
Great
Wall.
一班提议第二次游览长城。
The
football
team
is
being
reorganized.
这支足球队正在重组。
b．强调成员，谓语动词用复数：
The
audience
were
all
deeply
impressed
by
the
plot.
故事情节给观众留下了极为深刻的印象。
Class
One
are
all
out
on
the
playground
to
cheer
for
the
athletes.
一班的同学都到操场上为运动员加油去了。
The
committee
agree
to
discuss
the
proposal
at
the
next
meeting.
委员们同意在下次会议中讨论该建议。
③有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,
equipment,
furniture,
jewellery,
poetry等。
The
furniture
in
this
room
has
been
made
to
order.
这个房间的家具是定做的。
All
their
clothing
is
bright
and
attractive.
他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳，引人注目。
Most
of
their
equipment
has
been
shipped
ahead
of
schedule.
他们的大部分设备已提前运走了。
[特别提示] 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,
deer,
fish,
sheep,
Chinese,
Japanese等。
Every
means
has
been
tried.每一个方法都试过了。
Not
all
means
are
useful.并非所有的方法都有用。
(6)“定冠词the＋形容词”表示某一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Even
the
wise
are
not
always
free
from
error.
即使智者也可能犯错误。
(7)作主语的书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报纸名、国名等若为复数形式，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The
Newcomers
is
one
of
Thackeray's
finest
books.
《纽克姆一家》是萨克雷的最好著作之一。
(8)以“s”结尾的学科名词和news作主语时，因为这些词都属于形式上是复数，实际意义为单数名词或不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。
I
think
physics
is
well
worth
studying.
我觉得物理很值得学习。
Bad
news
has
wings.坏事传千里。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①A
survey
carried
out
last
year
showed
that
80%
of
the
middle?aged
in
this
city
________
(be)
in
favour
of
the
proposal
for
health
care
reform.
②All
we
need
________
(be)a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
③One?third
of
the
country
________
covered
with
trees
and
the
majority
of
the
citizens
________
black
people.
(be)
④The
factory
used
65
percent
of
the
raw
materials,
the
rest
of
which
________
(be)
saved
for
other
purposes.
⑤As
the
saying
goes,
“No
news
________
(be)
good
news.”
⑥Last
Sunday,
at
least
ten
people
________
(be)
killed
in
the
car
crash.
⑦Summer
Olympics
usually
________
(last)
about
two
weeks
and
the
events
________
(divide)
into
five
parts.
⑧The
United
States
________
(be)
founded
in
1776.
⑨The
audience
________
(be)
so
large
that
no
seat
is
left
unoccupied
in
the
great
hall.
⑩The
rich
________
(be)
not
always
happy.
?Your
trousers
________
(be)
dirty;
you
must
have
them
washed.
?The
pair
of
trousers
________
(be)
a
little
short.
Would
you
please
show
me
a
longer
pair?
?The
Olympic
Games
________
(be)
held
every
four
years.
?Mathematics
________
(be)
the
science
of
numbers
and
shapes.
3．就近原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
(1)either...or...,
...or...,
neither...nor...,
not
only...but
also...，not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。
?Are
you
or
he
good
at
English?
是你还是他擅长英语？
?Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
wants
to
go
climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想。
?Neither
he
nor
his
children
eat
meat.
他和他的孩子都不吃肉。
?Does
neither
he
nor
his
children
eat
meat?
他和他的孩子都不吃肉吗？
(2)there
be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
?There
is
a
pen,
two
books
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
?There
are
two
books,
a
pen
and
many
pencils
on
the
desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
即学即练 单句语法填空
①Neither
you
nor
one
of
your
students
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow.
②We're
having
a
meeting
next
week
to
discuss
the
matter.
Either
you
or
he
________
(be)
to
attend
the
meeting.
③The
exam
is
approaching.
Not
only
Tom
but
also
his
classmates
________
(be)
working
hard.
④________
(be)
either
you
or
she
going
to
the
USA?
⑤There
________(be)
a
boy
and
two
girls
in
the
garden.
They
are
planting
trees.
—————————————— 【随堂自测】 ——————————————
单句语法填空
1．It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
________
(be)
the
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
________
(take)
years
to
achieve.
2．Listening
to
loud
music
at
rock
concerts
________
(have)
caused
hearing
loss
in
some
teenagers.
3．Actually,
the
garden,
as
well
as
the
trees
around
it,
________
(belong)
to
a
man
living
across
the
street.
4．Nobody
but
those
invited
by
Dr
Li
________
(allow)
to
enter
the
patient's
room.
5．Two
fifths
of
the
land
in
that
district
________
(be)
covered
by
trees
and
grass.
6．The
majority
of
students
in
my
school
________
(be)
admitted
to
famous
universities
every
year.
7．Buses
were
not
able
to
run
normally
on
the
roads
because
of
the
heavy
snow
and
more
than
one
student
________
(be)
late
for
school
that
morning.
8．Five
years
________
(pass)
since
they
met
last
time,
and
for
them,
five
years
________
(be)
really
a
long
time.
9．Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
________
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all?round
forms
of
exercise.
10.
The
committee
________
made
up
of
20
members
who
experts
in
medicine.
(be)
11．Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
________
(give)
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
12．When
every
pupil
in
the
school
________
(wear)
the
uniform,
nobody
________
(have)
to
worry
about
fashion.
13．The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
________
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens'
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
14．If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you'll
find
probably
a
solution
that
________
(suit)
everyone.
15．There
________
(be)
a
man
sick
in
bed,
his
wife,
who
took
care
of
him
and
could
not
go
out
to
work,
and
their
little
boy.
语法精讲① 主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
①is ②is ③are ④is ⑤shows is ⑥is/are ⑦is
being
built ⑧stands ⑨is
discussing ⑩is/was ?are is ?were ?was ?have
been
2．意义一致原则
①were ②is ③is are ④were ⑤is ⑥were ⑦last are
divided ⑧was ⑨is ⑩are ?are ?is ?are ?is
3．就近原则
①is ②is ③are ④Are ⑤is
【随堂自测】
单句语法填空
1．is takes 2.has 3.belongs 4.was/is
allowed 5.is/was 6.are 7.was 8.has/have
passed is/are 9.is
regarded 10.is 11.
was
given 12.wears will
have/has 13.was 14.suits 15.was
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6
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