高中英语牛津译林版(2019) 必修二:语法精炼④情态动词(课件+学案,2份打包)

文档属性

名称 高中英语牛津译林版(2019) 必修二:语法精炼④情态动词(课件+学案,2份打包)
格式 zip
文件大小 233.7KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 牛津译林版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-08-18 13:04:49

文档简介

(共32张PPT)
语法精讲④
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有一定的含义,无人称和数的变化(
have
to除外),和动词原形一起构成谓语,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
1.情态动词的意义和用法
(1)can,could
①表示能力,意为“能;会”,can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无阻力地去做某件事。could为can的过去式,表示过去的能力。
[1]By
the
time
she
was
five,
she
could
read
English.
她五岁时就能读英文了。
[2]You
never
know
what
you
can
do
till
you
try.
直到你尝试过,否则你永远不知道自己能做什么。
②表示请求或许可,在疑问句中,could可以代替can,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,但回答时都要用can。
[3]—Can/Could
I
speak
to
your
manager
now?
现在我能跟你们的经理谈谈吗?
—Yes,you
can./No,
you
can't.
好的,可以。/不,不可以。
③表示惊讶、怀疑等,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
[4]How
can
you
be
so
careless?你怎么能这么粗心?
[5]You
can't
be
serious!你一定是在开玩笑!
④can或could的否定形式构成的习惯用法。
can't...too/enough...再……也不为过
can't
help
but
do=have
no
choice
but
to
do不得不做
can't
help
doing...情不自禁做……
“can't...+比较级”结构表示最高级含义
[6]We
can't
thank
you
too
much
for
what
you
have
done
for
us.对于你为我们所做的一切,我们不胜感激。
[7]You
can't
be
careful
enough
when
crossing
the
road.
过马路时再小心也不为过。
[8]
I
can't
help
but
wait
till
the
last
minute.
我不得不等到最后一刻。
[9]
I
can't
agree
with
you
more.我非常同意你的看法。
[特别注意]
can与be
able
to的用法区别
①can只有一般过去时这一种时态变化,而be
able
to有多种时态。
I'll
be
able
to
pass
the
exam
next
time.
下次我能够通过考试。(一般将来时)
I've
been
able
to
keep
in
touch
with
her.
我一直能跟她保持联系。(现在完成时)
②表示过去某时成功做成某事时,不用could,而用was/were
able
to
(do
sth.),相当于managed
to
do
sth.和succeeded
in
doing
sth.。
After
many
attempts,
he
was
able
to
pass
the
driving
test.
经过多次努力,他终于通过了驾照考试。
(2)may,might
表示请求或许可,在疑问句中,might可以代替may,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉。
[10]—Might/May
I
smoke
in
this
room?
我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗?
—No,you
mustn't/can't.不,不行。
[11]—May/Might
I
take
this
magazine
out?
我可以把这本杂志借走吗?
—Yes,
you
may/can.好的,可以。
(3)must,have
to
must常译为“必须;一定”,强调说话人的主观看法,认为有义务或有必要做某事;have
to常译为“不得不”,强调客观需要,含有不得不或被迫之意。
[12]
All
passengers
must
wear
safety
belts.
所有乘客必须系安全带。
[13]
There
is
no
bus
here,and
you
have
to
go
on
foot.
这里没有公共汽车了,你得步行前往。
②mustn't意为“不许”,表示禁止;don't
have
to=needn't意为“不必”,表示没有必要。must用于一般疑问句时,其否定回答应用needn't或don't
have
to。
[14]—Must
we
hand
in
our
homework
today?
我们今天必须上交作业吗?
—No,you
don't
have
to.不,不必。
[15]
The
law
says
drivers
mustn't
drive
after
drinking.
法律规定禁止司机酒后驾车。
③must表示说话人的态度,意为“偏偏;非得”。
[16]
If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
如果你非得走的话,至少也要等到暴风雨结束之后再走。
(4)
shall,should
①shall用于主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话者征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
[17]
Shall
I
wait
for
you
at
the
gate?我在门口等你好吗?
[特别注意]
Shall
I...?多有利于对方;May
I...?多有利于自己。
②shall用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、威胁、警告、允诺等。
[18]
You
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
reading.
我读完之后你就能拿到这本书。(表允诺)
[19]
You
shall
be
punished
if
you
break
the
rules.
如果你违反规则,就会受到惩罚。(表警告)
③shall用于规定、法令、条约等文件中表示义务或规定(第三人称作主语),意为“必须;应该”。
[20]
All
payments
shall
be
made
in
cash.
所有款项都必须以现金支付。
[21]
The
new
regulations
shall
take
effect
on
March
1st.
新法规将于3月1日生效。
④should表示义务、责任、劝告、建议等,意为“应该;应当”。
[22]
We
shouldn't
play
mobile
phones
when
crossing
the
road.我们过马路的时候不应该玩手机。
⑤should表示惊讶、遗憾等感情,意为“竟然”。
[23]
It's
surprising
that
you
should
have
failed
to
pass
such
an
exam.真令人吃惊,这样的考试你竟然都没通过。
[特别注意]
should与ought
to的用法区别
should表示主观看法、建议;ought
to通常反映客观情况。表示义务、责任时,两者差别甚微。
We
should
study
hard.我们应该努力学习。
We
ought
to
respect
the
old.我们应该尊敬老人。
(5)will,would
①表示愿望、意愿、意志或决心,意为“要;愿”。
[24]
She
won't
give
in
to
the
enemy.她决不向敌人屈服。
[25]
She
said
she
wouldn't
be
coming
to
the
library
any
more.
她说她再也不会到图书馆来了。
②表示习惯性动作、必然趋势或固有属性,意为“就会;老是;总是”。
[26]
As
is
known
to
all,
fish
will
die
without
water.
众所周知,鱼离开水就会死。
[27]
On
summer
evenings,they
would
sit
outside,chatting.夏日的夜晚,他们总会坐在外面聊天。
③表示征求意见或提出请求,多用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
[28]
Would
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
shopping
mall?你能告诉我怎么到购物中心吗?
④表示物体的功能或倾向性。
[29]
The
car
won't
start.车就是发动不起来。
(6)used
to意为“过去常常”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态。
2.表推测的情态动词的用法
(1)can可以表推测,用于肯定句时,表示理论上的可能性,至于实际情况如何不作考虑,而且没有具体的时间意义,其否定式can't是语气最强的否定推测,翻译为“不可能,一定不”;can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could
have
done表示过去本能够做某事却没有做,含有惋惜或责备的语气,意为“本来是可以……的”。can't/couldn't
have
done表示对过去事实的否定推测,意为“不可能已经……”。can't比couldn't的语气更强一些,但当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候,从句要用could/couldn't。
[1]Everyone
can
make
mistakes.每个人都可能犯错。
[2]
You
can't
be
hungry,for
you
had
lunch
only
two
hours
ago.你不可能饿,因为你两个小时前才吃的午饭。
[3]
He
did
not
regret
saying
what
he
had
done
but
felt
that
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.他不后悔说了他所做的事,但是他觉得他本可以用不同的方式去表达。
[4]
He
couldn't
have
watched
TV
yesterday
for
he
would
have
an
exam.昨天他不可能看电视,因为他要考试了。
(2)may和might表推测时既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句。用于肯定句时意为“可能”;否定式may
not/might
not意为“可能不”;might的可能性比may更小,语气更委婉一些。may/might
have
done表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,语气较弱,用于肯定句时表示“可能已经……”,还可以表示“本来可能或可以做某事但没有做”,含有轻微的责备或遗憾口吻,其否定式may/might
not
have
done表示“可能不会……”。
[5]
The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。
[6]
If
you
have
an
office
job,
you
might
not
be
getting
outdoors
enough,
and
your
health
might
suffer.如果你有一份办公室工作,你可能不经常到户外去,那么你的健康就有可能受到影响。
[7]
What
a
pity!
Considering
his
ability
and
experience,he
might
have
done
better.真遗憾!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本可以做得更好的。
(3)must表推测时只用于肯定句,意为“一定”或“肯定”,所作的推测几乎接近事实,语气最肯定。must
have
done表示对过去事实有把握的肯定推测,语气最强,只用于肯定句中,意为“肯定(已经)……”。
[8]
He
has
been
working
all
day.He
must
be
very
tired.他一整天一直在工作,所以他肯定非常累。
[9]
Harry
is
feeling
uncomfortable.
He
must
have
drunk
too
much
at
the
party
last
night.哈里感觉不舒服,他肯定是在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
①Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
________
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
②It
was
really
annoying
that
I
________
not
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
can
句意为:塞缪尔,我们班最高的男生,能轻松地够到书架顶层的书。表示能力,应用can。
could
句意为:非常令人恼火的是,我无法进入你推荐的数据库。由前面的was可知,时态为一般过去时,应填can的过去式could。
③莉莎很可能不想去旅行,因为她讨厌旅游。
Liza
_______
to
go
on
the
trip,
for
she
hates
travelling.
④虽然这听起来可能像一个简单的任务,但还是需要非常细心。
Although
this
_______
a
simple
task,
great
care
is
needed.
must
句意为:——你不能再多待一会儿吗?——天色晚了。我现在真的该走了。我女儿一个人在家。此处指说话人觉得自己“必须”该走了,故用must。
would
句意为:不管她多用力地推,门就是打不开。由从句中的pushed可知,时态为一般过去时,故此处应用would,表示一种倾向性。
⑤你是什么意思呢?只有10张票?应该有12张才对。
What
do
you
mean,
there
are
only
ten
tickets?
_______
twelve.
⑥灯还是亮的,所以他一定在家。
The
light
is
still
on,
so
he
____________.
shall
句意为:我们有一条规定是每个学生在校期间必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称时,表示规定,意为“必须”。
must/should
句意为:在像机场和火车站这样拥挤的地方,你一定要看好自己的行李。must表示出于主观意志而必须要做某事;也可用should表建议,表示“你应该看好自己的行李”。
⑦Metals
________
expand
when
heated.
⑧You'd
better
pull
over
if
you
________
answer
a
phone.
⑨You
can't
imagine
such
a
gentleman
________
be
so
rude
to
a
lady.
must
句意为:如果你非要接电话,那你最好靠边停车。表示“偏要,非要”用must。
should
句意为:你无法想象这样一位绅士竟然对女士这么无礼。表示说话者的惊讶语气用should,意为“竟然”。
will
句意为:金属遇热会膨胀。表示固有属性或必然趋势用will。
⑩I
_________
go
to
a
summer
camp
during
the
summer
vacation,
but
I
am
not
sure.
?Lily,
though
too
young
to
go
to
school,
________
easily
recite
200
poems.
?—Can
I
inform
my
best
friends
of
the
result?
—No,
I
want
to
keep
it
a
secret.
You
__________
tell
anyone.
can
句意为:尽管莉莉太小不能去上学,但她能轻松背出200首诗。根据句意可知此处表示一种能力,故填情态动词can。
mustn't/can't
根据句中的“keep
it
a
secret”可知,此处指不能告诉任何人。
may/might
句意为:暑假我可能会去参加一个夏令营,但还不确定。根据句中的“I
am
not
sure”可知,设空处填may/might。
Ⅱ.选择括号内适当的词(组)并用其正确形式填空
①There
________
(would/used
to)
be
a
temple,
but
now
there
are
only
high
buildings.
②I
suggest
you
________
(should/could)
visit
the
Three
Gorges
Dam.
It's
fascinating.
used
to
此处表示“曾经有过……”,根据后面的“but
now”可知,现在不是过去的样子了,所以选择used
to。
should
由于主句中的suggest表建议,故宾语从句中谓语要用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气,故填should。
③We
________
(must/have
to)
return
by
the
end
of
February.
We
started
to
work
again
in
March.
④Everyone
________
(must/have
to)
obey
the
law.
had
to
根据第二句中的started可知,时态为一般过去时。此处表示客观上“不得不”,故had
to符合句意。
must
句意为:每个人都必须守法。
⑤During
the
vacation,
he
______
(shall/would)
visit
me
every
other
day.
⑥They
________
(would/might)
be
away
for
the
weekend
but
I'm
not
sure.
would
表示过去经常做某事,应用would,意为“总是”。
might
根据后面的“I'm
not
sure”可知,此处表示没把握的猜测,应用might。
Ⅲ.完成句子
①迈克尔不可能是一个警察,因为他太笨了。
Michael
__________
a
policeman,
for
he
is
much
too
stupid.
②我的家乡3月份通常很暖和,但有时可能会相当冷。
It
is
usually
warm
in
my
hometown
in
March,
but
_______________
sometimes.
can't
be
can用于否定句中表示“不可能”。
can
be
rather
cold
此处用can表示理论上的可能性。
③莉莎很可能不想去旅行,因为她讨厌旅游。
Liza
________________
to
go
on
the
trip,
for
she
hates
travelling.
④虽然这听起来可能像一个简单的任务,但还是需要非常细心。
Although
this
_________________
a
simple
task,
great
care
is
needed.
may/might
not
want
may和might在此表示“可能”。
may/might
sound
like
may/might在此表推测,意为“可能”。
⑤你是什么意思呢?只有10张票?应该有12张才对。
What
do
you
mean,
there
are
only
ten
tickets?
___________________
twelve.
⑥灯还是亮的,所以他一定在家。
The
light
is
still
on,
so
he
______________.
⑦去做你现在能做的事,否则你可能永远也不能做它们了。
Do
what
you
can
now
or
you
__________________
do
them
at
all.
There
should/ought
to
be
should/ought
to表推测,意为“应该”。
must
be
at
home
must用于肯定句表示有把握的推测,意为“肯定”。
may/might
not
be
able
to
may/might
not表推测,意为“可能不”。
⑧听到这个令人激动的消息,她禁不住大笑起来。
She
_________________
when
she
heard
the
exciting
news.
⑨肯定是有人打开了笼子,狮子不可能自己逃出去的。
Somebody
_______________
the
cage—the
lion
________________
on
its
own.
couldn't
help
laughing
can't
help
doing
sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”。
must
have
opened
couldn't
have
escaped
第一空表示对过去情况有把握的肯定推测,表示一定发生了某事;第二空表示对过去情况的有把握的否定推测,表示不可能发生了某事。
⑩快点!汤姆一定在学校门口等我们。
Hurry
up!
Tom
_____________
for
us
at
the
school
gate.
?谢谢你上周的努力工作,我认为没有你的话我们不可能完成这项任务。
Thank
you
for
all
your
hard
work
last
week.
I
don't
think
we
_______________
the
task
without
you.
must
be
waiting
根据句意可知,本句表示对现在有把握的肯定推测,故用情态动词must;根据句中的Hurry
up可知,此处表示汤姆正在等,应用must
be
doing。
could
have
finished
couldn't
have
done表示“不可能已经”,该句中的not前置到think之前。
?昨天他没来学校,难道他生病了?
He
didn't
come
to
school
yesterday.
____________________?
?我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把它们落在学校了。
I
can't
find
my
keys.
I
_________________
them
at
the
school
yesterday.
Can
he
have
been
ill
can用于疑问句中表推测,意为“难道”,而且这句话是对过去的推测,故用can
have
done结构。
may/might
have
left
表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,表示“可能已经……”。
?灯没开着,他们不可能在家。
There's
no
light
on—they
_____________.
?他篮球打得很好。他一定经常练习。
He
plays
basketball
very
well.
He
________________
it
a
lot.
can't
be
at
home
此处表示推测,指“不可能”,且情态动词后应接动词原形。
must
have
practised
此处表示对过去行为的肯定推测,应用must
have
done。语法精讲④
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有一定的含义,无人称和数的变化
have
to除外,和动词原形一起构成谓语,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
1.情态动词的意义和用法
(1)can,could
①表示能力,意为“能;会”,can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无阻力地去做某件事。could为can的过去式,表示过去的能力。
?By
the
time
she
was
five,
she
could
read
English.
她五岁时就能读英文了。
?You
never
know
what
you
can
do
till
you
try.
直到你尝试过,否则你永远不知道自己能做什么。
②表示请求或许可,在疑问句中,could可以代替can,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,但回答时都要用can。
?—Can/Could
I
speak
to
your
manager
now?
现在我能跟你们的经理谈谈吗?
—Yes,you
can./No,
you
can't.
好的,可以。/不,不可以。
③表示惊讶、怀疑等,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
?How
can
you
be
so
careless?你怎么能这么粗心?
?You
can't
be
serious!你一定是在开玩笑!
④can或could的否定形式构成的习惯用法。
can't...too/enough...再……也不为过
can't
help
but
do=have
no
choice
but
to
do不得不做
can't
help
doing...情不自禁做……
“can't...+比较级”结构表示最高级含义
?We
can't
thank
you
too
much
for
what
you
have
done
for
us.对于你为我们所做的一切,我们不胜感激。
?You
can't
be
careful
enough
when
crossing
the
road.
过马路时再小心也不为过。
?I
can't
help
but
wait
till
the
last
minute.
我不得不等到最后一刻。
?I
can't
agree
with
you
more.我非常同意你的看法。
[特别注意]
can与be
able
to的用法区别
①can只有一般过去时这一种时态变化,而be
able
to有多种时态。
I'll
be
able
to
pass
the
exam
next
time.
下次我能够通过考试。(一般将来时)
I've
been
able
to
keep
in
touch
with
her.
我一直能跟她保持联系。(现在完成时)
②表示过去某时成功做成某事时,不用could,而用was/were
able
to
(do
sth.),相当于managed
to
do
sth.和succeeded
in
doing
sth.。
After
many
attempts,
he
was
able
to
pass
the
driving
test.
经过多次努力,他终于通过了驾照考试。
(2)may,might
表示请求或许可,在疑问句中,might可以代替may,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉。
—Might/May
I
smoke
in
this
room?
我可以在这个房间里吸烟吗?
—No,you
mustn't/can't.不,不行。
—May/Might
I
take
this
magazine
out?
我可以把这本杂志借走吗?
—Yes,
you
may/can.好的,可以。
(3)must,have
to
must常译为“必须;一定”,强调说话人的主观看法,认为有义务或有必要做某事;have
to常译为“不得不”,强调客观需要,含有不得不或被迫之意。
All
passengers
must
wear
safety
belts.
所有乘客必须系安全带。
There
is
no
bus
here,and
you
have
to
go
on
foot.
这里没有公共汽车了,你得步行前往。
②mustn't意为“不许”,表示禁止;don't
have
to=needn't意为“不必”,表示没有必要。must用于一般疑问句时,其否定回答应用needn't或don't
have
to。
—Must
we
hand
in
our
homework
today?
我们今天必须上交作业吗?
—No,you
don't
have
to.不,不必。
The
law
says
drivers
mustn't
drive
after
drinking.
法律规定禁止司机酒后驾车。
③must表示说话人的态度,意为“偏偏;非得”。
If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
如果你非得走的话,至少也要等到暴风雨结束之后再走。
(4)
shall,should
①shall用于主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话者征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall
I
wait
for
you
at
the
gate?我在门口等你好吗?
[特别注意]
Shall
I...?多有利于对方;May
I...?多有利于自己。
②shall用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、威胁、警告、允诺等。
You
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
reading.
我读完之后你就能拿到这本书。(表允诺)
You
shall
be
punished
if
you
break
the
rules.
如果你违反规则,就会受到惩罚。(表警告)
③shall用于规定、法令、条约等文件中表示义务或规定(第三人称作主语),意为“必须;应该”。
All
payments
shall
be
made
in
cash.
所有款项都必须以现金支付。
The
new
regulations
shall
take
effect
on
March
1st.
新法规将于3月1日生效。
④should表示义务、责任、劝告、建议等,意为“应该;应当”。
We
shouldn't
play
mobile
phones
when
crossing
the
road.我们过马路的时候不应该玩手机。
⑤should表示惊讶、遗憾等感情,意为“竟然”。
It's
surprising
that
you
should
have
failed
to
pass
such
an
exam.真令人吃惊,这样的考试你竟然都没通过。
[特别注意]
should与ought
to的用法区别
should表示主观看法、建议;ought
to通常反映客观情况。表示义务、责任时,两者差别甚微。
We
should
study
hard.我们应该努力学习。
We
ought
to
respect
the
old.我们应该尊敬老人。
(5)will,would
①表示愿望、意愿、意志或决心,意为“要;愿”。
She
won't
give
in
to
the
enemy.她决不向敌人屈服。
She
said
she
wouldn't
be
coming
to
the
library
any
more.
她说她再也不会到图书馆来了。
②表示习惯性动作、必然趋势或固有属性,意为“就会;老是;总是”。
As
is
known
to
all,
fish
will
die
without
water.
众所周知,鱼离开水就会死。
On
summer
evenings,they
would
sit
outside,chatting.夏日的夜晚,他们总会坐在外面聊天。
③表示征求意见或提出请求,多用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
Would
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
shopping
mall?你能告诉我怎么到购物中心吗?
④表示物体的功能或倾向性。
The
car
won't
start.车就是发动不起来。
(6)used
to意为“过去常常”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态。
2.表推测的情态动词的用法
(1)can可以表推测,用于肯定句时,表示理论上的可能性,至于实际情况如何不作考虑,而且没有具体的时间意义,其否定式can't是语气最强的否定推测,翻译为“不可能,一定不”;can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could
have
done表示过去本能够做某事却没有做,含有惋惜或责备的语气,意为“本来是可以……的”。can't/couldn't
have
done表示对过去事实的否定推测,意为“不可能已经……”。can't比couldn't的语气更强一些,但当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候,从句要用could/couldn't。
?Everyone
can
make
mistakes.每个人都可能犯错。
?You
can't
be
hungry,for
you
had
lunch
only
two
hours
ago.你不可能饿,因为你两个小时前才吃的午饭。
?He
did
not
regret
saying
what
he
had
done
but
felt
that
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.他不后悔说了他所做的事,但是他觉得他本可以用不同的方式去表达。
?He
couldn't
have
watched
TV
yesterday
for
he
would
have
an
exam.昨天他不可能看电视,因为他要考试了。
(2)may和might表推测时既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句。用于肯定句时意为“可能”;否定式may
not/might
not意为“可能不”;might的可能性比may更小,语气更委婉一些。may/might
have
done表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,语气较弱,用于肯定句时表示“可能已经……”,还可以表示“本来可能或可以做某事但没有做”,含有轻微的责备或遗憾口吻,其否定式may/might
not
have
done表示“可能不会……”。
?The
little
problems
that
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。
?If
you
have
an
office
job,
you
might
not
be
getting
outdoors
enough,
and
your
health
might
suffer.如果你有一份办公室工作,你可能不经常到户外去,那么你的健康就有可能受到影响。
?What
a
pity!
Considering
his
ability
and
experience,he
might
have
done
better.真遗憾!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本可以做得更好的。
(3)must表推测时只用于肯定句,意为“一定”或“肯定”,所作的推测几乎接近事实,语气最肯定。must
have
done表示对过去事实有把握的肯定推测,语气最强,只用于肯定句中,意为“肯定(已经)……”。
?He
has
been
working
all
day.He
must
be
very
tired.他一整天一直在工作,所以他肯定非常累。
?Harry
is
feeling
uncomfortable.
He
must
have
drunk
too
much
at
the
party
last
night.哈里感觉不舒服,他肯定是在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。
—————————————— 【随堂自测】 ——————————————
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
①Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
________
easily
reach
the
books
on
the
top
shelf.
②It
was
really
annoying
that
I
________
not
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
③—Can't
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—It's
getting
late.
I
really
________
go
now.
My
daughter
is
at
home
alone.
④The
door
________
not
open,
no
matter
how
hard
she
pushed.
⑤One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
________
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
⑥In
crowded
places
like
airports
and
railway
stations,
you
________
take
care
of
your
luggage.
⑦Metals
________
expand
when
heated.
⑧You'd
better
pull
over
if
you
________
answer
a
phone.
⑨You
can't
imagine
such
a
gentleman
________
be
so
rude
to
a
lady.
⑩I
________
go
to
a
summer
camp
during
the
summer
vacation,
but
I
am
not
sure.
?Lily,
though
too
young
to
go
to
school,
________
easily
recite
200
poems.
?—Can
I
inform
my
best
friends
of
the
result?
—No,
I
want
to
keep
it
a
secret.
You
________
tell
anyone.
Ⅱ.选择括号内适当的词(组)并用其正确形式填空
①There
________
(would/used
to)
be
a
temple,
but
now
there
are
only
high
buildings.
②I
suggest
you
________
(should/could)
visit
the
Three
Gorges
Dam.
It's
fascinating.
③We
________
(must/have
to)
return
by
the
end
of
February.
We
started
to
work
again
in
March.
④Everyone
________
(must/have
to)
obey
the
law.
⑤During
the
vacation,
he
________
(shall/would)
visit
me
every
other
day.
⑥They
________
(would/might)
be
away
for
the
weekend
but
I'm
not
sure.
Ⅲ.完成句子
①迈克尔不可能是一个警察,因为他太笨了。
Michael
__________________________
a
policeman,
for
he
is
much
too
stupid.
②我的家乡3月份通常很暖和,但有时可能会相当冷。
It
is
usually
warm
in
my
hometown
in
March,
but
__________________________
sometimes.
③莉莎很可能不想去旅行,因为她讨厌旅游。
Liza
________________________
to
go
on
the
trip,
for
she
hates
travelling.
④虽然这听起来可能像一个简单的任务,但还是需要非常细心。
Although
this
________________________
a
simple
task,
great
care
is
needed.
⑤你是什么意思呢?只有10张票?应该有12张才对。
What
do
you
mean,
there
are
only
ten
tickets?
______________________
twelve.
⑥灯还是亮的,所以他一定在家。
The
light
is
still
on,
so
he
____________________________.
⑦去做你现在能做的事,否则你可能永远也不能做它们了。
Do
what
you
can
now
or
you
________________________
do
them
at
all.
⑧听到这个令人激动的消息,她禁不住大笑起来。
She
________________________
when
she
heard
the
exciting
news.
⑨肯定是有人打开了笼子,狮子不可能自己逃出去的。
Somebody
________________________
the
cage—the
lion
________________
on
its
own.
⑩快点!汤姆一定在学校门口等我们。
Hurry
up!
Tom
________________________
for
us
at
the
school
gate.
?谢谢你上周的努力工作,我认为没有你的话我们不可能完成这项任务。
Thank
you
for
all
your
hard
work
last
week.
I
don't
think
we
________________________
the
task
without
you.
?昨天他没来学校,难道他生病了?
He
didn't
come
to
school
yesterday.
____________________?
?我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把它们落在学校了。
I
can't
find
my
keys.
I
__________________________
them
at
the
school
yesterday.
?灯没开着,他们不可能在家。
There's
no
light
on—they
__________________________.
?他篮球打得很好。他一定经常练习。
He
plays
basketball
very
well.
He
______________________
it
a
lot.
语法精讲④ 情态动词
【随堂自测】
Ⅰ.①can 句意为:塞缪尔,我们班最高的男生,能轻松地够到书架顶层的书。表示能力,应用can。
②could 句意为:非常令人恼火的是,我无法进入你推荐的数据库。由前面的was可知,时态为一般过去时,应填can的过去式could。
③must 句意为:——你不能再多待一会儿吗?——天色晚了。我现在真的该走了。我女儿一个人在家。此处指说话人觉得自己“必须”该走了,故用must。
④would 句意为:不管她多用力地推,门就是打不开。由从句中的pushed可知,时态为一般过去时,故此处应用would,表示一种倾向性。
⑤shall 句意为:我们有一条规定是每个学生在校期间必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称时,表示规定,意为“必须”。
⑥must/should 句意为:在像机场和火车站这样拥挤的地方,你一定要看好自己的行李。must表示出于主观意志而必须要做某事;也可用should表建议,表示“你应该看好自己的行李”。
⑦will 句意为:金属遇热会膨胀。表示固有属性或必然趋势用will。
⑧must 句意为:如果你非要接电话,那你最好靠边停车。表示“偏要,非要”用must。
⑨should 句意为:你无法想象这样一位绅士竟然对女士这么无礼。表示说话者的惊讶语气用should,意为“竟然”。
may/might 句意为:暑假我可能会去参加一个夏令营,但还不确定。根据句中的“I
am
not
sure”可知,设空处填may/might。
?can 句意为:尽管莉莉太小不能去上学,但她能轻松背出200首诗。根据句意可知此处表示一种能力,故填情态动词can。
?mustn't/can't 根据句中的“keep
it
a
secret”可知,此处指不能告诉任何人。
Ⅱ.①used
to 此处表示“曾经有过……”,根据后面的“but
now”可知,现在不是过去的样子了,所以选择used
to。
②should 由于主句中的suggest表建议,故宾语从句中谓语要用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气,故填should。
③had
to 根据第二句中的started可知,时态为一般过去时。此处表示客观上“不得不”,故had
to符合句意。
④must 句意为:每个人都必须守法。
⑤would 表示过去经常做某事,应用would,意为“总是”。
⑥might 根据后面的“I'm
not
sure”可知,此处表示没把握的猜测,应用might。
Ⅲ.①can't
be can用于否定句中表示“不可能”。
②can
be
rather
cold 此处用can表示理论上的可能性。
③may/might
not
want may和might在此表示“可能”。④may/might
sound
like may/might在此表推测,意为“可能”。
⑤There
should/ought
to
be should/ought
to表推测,意为“应该”。
⑥must
be
at
home must用于肯定句表示有把握的推测,意为“肯定”。
⑦may/might
not
be
able
to may/might
not表推测,意为“可能不”。
⑧couldn't
help
laughing can't
help
doing
sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”。
⑨must
have
opened couldn't
have
escaped 第一空表示对过去情况有把握的肯定推测,表示一定发生了某事;第二空表示对过去情况的有把握的否定推测,表示不可能发生了某事。
⑩must
be
waiting 根据句意可知,本句表示对现在有把握的肯定推测,故用情态动词must;根据句中的Hurry
up可知,此处表示汤姆正在等,应用must
be
doing。
?could
have
finished couldn't
have
done表示“不可能已经”,该句中的not前置到think之前。
?Can
he
have
been
ill can用于疑问句中表推测,意为“难道”,而且这句话是对过去的推测,故用can
have
done结构。
?may/might
have
left 表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,表示“可能已经……”。
?can't
be
at
home 此处表示推测,指“不可能”,且情态动词后应接动词原形。
?must
have
practised 此处表示对过去行为的肯定推测,应用must
have
done。
-
6
-