2021-2022学年上外版（2020）高中英语：必修一 Unit 2 Language and Culture 单元知识点讲解（学案）

2021-2022学年上外版高中英语：
必修一
Unit
2
Language
and
Culture
单元知识点讲解
【词汇和短语】
confusing
adj.
难以理解的
soil
n.
国土；领土；土壤
immediate
adj.
立即的，立刻的
confusion
n.
困惑；不确定
embarrassment
n.
奢迫;难堪，左右为难
pleasant
adj.
令人偷快的；可喜的
deliver
v.
递送；传送
signal
v.
发信号；示意；标志；表明
wrist
n.
手腕
shrug
v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎)
obviously
adv.
显然，明显地
fault
n.
责任；过失
fade
v.
逐渐消失；逐渐消逝
memory
n.
回忆；记忆
fluency
n.
流利，流畅
literally
adv.
按字面；字面上
context
n.
上下文，语境
linguist
n.
语言学家
within
prep.
不出(某段时间)；在(某段时间)之内
attitude
n.看法；态度
dramatically
adv.
显著地；剧烈地
appointment
n.
约会；预约
panic
v.
.(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
ironically
adv.
(因出乎意料)奇怪地
set
foot
on进入，访问，参观
(某地)
fry
n.
炸薯条
snail
n.
蜗牛
cheese
n.
奶酪
amazed
adj.
大为惊奇的
portion
n.
(食物的)一份
chip
n.
(BrE)
炸薯条
plate
n.
盘子；碟子
packet
n.
小包装纸袋，小硬纸板盒
crisp
n.
炸土豆片，炸薯片
gravy
n.
(调味)肉汁
salty
adj.
含盐的；咸的
sauce
n.
调味汁；酱
savoury
adj.
咸味的
snack
n.
点心；小吃
embarrassed
adj.
窘迫的，尴尬的
pants
n.
(BrE)内裤；短裤
(especially
NAmE)
trousers
裤子
underwear
n.
内衣
disgusted
adj.厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
eggplant
n.
茄子
pizza
n.
比萨饼；意大利饼
likely
adj.
可能的；预料的
vocabulary
n.
词汇，词汇量
all
the
way
—路上；自始至终
on
earth
(加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
gesture
n.
手势；姿势；示意动作
differ
v.
相异；有区别；不同于
mostly
adv.主要地；一般地；通常
besides
adv.
而且；再说；prep.
除……之外(还)
hug
v.
拥抱；搂抱
alternative
n.
可供选择的事物
differ
from区别于；不同于
【词汇重点】
1.
confusing
adj.
difficult
to
understand;
not
clear
难以理解的
The
instructions
on
the
box
are
very
confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
【拓展】
1.）confuse
v.
To
confuse
someone
means
to
make
it
difficult
for
them
to
know
exactly
what
is
happening
or
what
to
do.
使困惑
My
words
surprised
and
confused
him.
我的话使他既惊讶又困惑。
2）confused
adj.
If
you
are
confused,
you
do
not
know
exactly
what
is
happening
or
what
to
do.
困惑的
A
survey
showed
people
were
confused
about
what
they
should
eat
to
stay
healthy.
一项调查表明人们对于保持健康该吃什么很困惑。
3)
confusion见第4条讲解。
2.
soil
n.
a
country;
an
area
of
land
国土；领土
the
top
layer
of
the
earth
in
which
plants,
trees,
etc.
grow土壤
【近义词辨析】
clay,
mud,
dust,
ground,
land,
earth,
dirt,
soil
这组词都有“土地，土，泥”的意思，其区别是：
clay特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
mud指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
dust特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
ground通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
land含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
earth多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
dirt指地表的干松泥土。
soil特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
3.
immediate
adj.
happening
or
done
without
delay
立即的，立刻的
She
demanded
an
immediate
explanation.
她要求立即作出解释。
immediately
adv.
立即，马上
4.
confusion
n.
a
state
of
not
being
certain
about
what
is
happening,
what
you
should
do,
what
sth
means,
etc.困惑；不确定
There's
still
confusion
about
the
number
of
students.
学生的人数依然不清楚。
5.
embarrassment
n.
shy,
awkward
or
guilty
feelings;
a
feeling
of
being
embarrassed
奢迫;
难堪
We
apologize
for
any
embarrassment
this
may
have
caused.
我们为可能会带来的任何尴尬而道歉。
【拓展】
embarrassed?/?m?b?r?st/?
adj.
A
person
who
is?embarrassed?feels
shy,
ashamed,
or
guilty
about
something.
尴尬的
He
looked
a
bit
embarrassed.
他看上去有点尴尬。
6.
torn
/to:n/
adj.
to
be
unable
to
decide
or
choose
between
two
people,
things
or
feelings
(在两者之间)难以选择，左右为难
Robb
is
torn
between
becoming
a
doctor
and
a
career
in
athletics.
罗布在成为医生和从事体育运动之间犹豫不决。
7.
deliver
v.
to
take
goods,
letters,
etc.
to
the
person
or
people
they
have
been
sent
to
递送；传送
They
deliver
to
within
a
5-mile
radius
of
the
store.
他们在距离商场5英里的范围内送货上门。
【拓展】
1）.
vt.
实现;
履行
They
have
yet
to
show
that
they
can
really
deliver
working
technologies.
他们仍需证明他们确实能够实现可用的技术。
2).
vt
发表
(演讲)
The
president
will
deliver
a
speech
about
schools.
校长将发表关于学校的演讲。
3）.
vt.给
(产妇)
接生
Although
we'd
planned
to
have
our
baby
at
home,
we
never
expected
to
deliver
her
ourselves!
尽管我们是打算在家生孩子，可我们从未想过要自己给她接生。
8.
signal
v.
to
make
a
movement
or
sound
to
give
sb
a
message,
an
order
发信号；示意
to
be
a
sign
that
sth
exists
or
is
likely
to
happen标志；表明
1）.
n.
信号
They
fired
three
distress
signals.
他们发射了3次遇难求救信号。
2）.vt/vi.
(打手势或发声音)
向…示意;
发信号
Mandy
started
after
him,
signalling
to
Jesse
to
follow.
曼迪开始追赶他，示意杰西跟上。
She
signalled
to
Ted
that
she
was
moving
forward.
她向特德示意她要向前走。
3）.
vt.
表示;表明
He
seemed
to
be
signalling
important
shifts
in
U.S.
government
policy.
他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化。
9.
fault
n.
the
responsibility
for
sth
wrong
that
has
happened
or
been
done
责任；过失
There
was
no
escaping
the
fact:
it
was
all
his
fault.
无法逃避这一事实：这都是他的错。
His
manners
had
always
made
her
blind
to
his
faults.
他的彬彬有礼总使她看不见他的缺点。
【近义词辨析】
mistake,
shortcoming,
error,
fault
这组词都有“缺点”的意思，其区别是：
mistake
指判断或理解方面，或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，搭配是make
a
mistake。
shortcoming
缺点，可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。
如：In
spite
of
his
shortcomings,
I
still
like
him.(尽管他缺点多，我仍然喜欢他。)
error
是通用词，指任何错误，“犯错误”可以说commit
/make
an
error。
fault
表示“过失”，可与error通用，现多用来指缺点，特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。
如：There
is
a
fault
in
this
machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)
【固定短语】
find
fault
with
挑剔，找毛病。
He
loved
best
to
find
fault
with
me.
他最喜欢找我的岔了
9.
fade
v.
to
disappear
gradually
逐渐消失；逐渐消逝；褪色
Prospects
for
peace
had
already
started
to
fade.
和平的前景已开始变得暗淡。
Seaton
lay
on
his
bed
and
gazed
at
the
ceiling
as
the
light
faded.
西顿躺在床上凝视着天花板，
那时光线逐渐变暗。
All
colour
fades
–
especially
under
the
impact
of
direct
sunlight.
所有颜色都会褪色–尤其是在直射阳光的影响下。
10.
fluency
n.
the
quality
of
being
able
lo
speak
or
write
a
language,
especially
a
foreign
language,
easily
and
well流利，流畅
His
son
was
praised
for
speeches
of
remarkable
fluency.
他的儿子非常流利的发言受到了表扬。
【拓展】
fluent
adj.
流利的；
She
studied
eight
foreign
languages
but
is
fluent
in
only
six
of
them.
她学了8种外语，但流利的只有其中的6种。
11.
literally
adv.
in
a
way
that
uses
the
most
basic
meaning
of
a
word
or
phrase
rather
than
an
extended
or
poetic
meaning按字面；字面上
Literally,
it
doesn't
seem
to
see
what
it
does.
从字面上来看，好像看不出来它是干嘛的。
【拓展】
literally
adv.
确实地
Putting
on
an
opera
is
a
tremendous
enterprise
involving
literally
hundreds
of
people.
上演一台话剧是一项巨大的事业，它确实要几百个人参与。
12.
context
n.
the
words
that
come
just
before
and
after
a
word,
phrase
or
statement
and
help
you
to
understand
its
meaning
上下文，语境
Without
a
context,
I
would
have
assumed
it
was
written
by
a
man.
如果没有一个语境，我会以为这是由一个男人写的。
【词组短语】
in
the
context
of在…情况下；在…背景下
in
this
context关于这点；由此而论；由于这个原因；在这个背景下
cultural
context文化环境，文化脉络
social
context社会背景；社会环境；社会情境
13.
attitude
n.
the
way
that
you
think
and
feel
about
sb/sth
看法；态度
That
sort
of
attitude
really
gets
my
back
up!
那种态度实在叫我恼火！
【词组短语】
positive
attitude积极态度
attitude
toward….针对...的态度；意见
14.
dramatically
adv.
very
suddenly
and
to
a
very
great
and
often
surprising
degree
显著地；剧烈地
The
cost
of
living
has
increased
dramatically.
生活费用已大幅增长了。
【拓展】
dramatic
/dr??m?t?k/
adj.
突然引人注目的;
戏剧的;
有关戏剧的
A
fifth
year
of
drought
is
expected
to
have
dramatic
effects
on
the
California
economy.
预计连续干旱的第五个年头将对加利福尼亚州的经济产生引人注目的影响。
a
dramatic
arts
major
in
college.
一个在学院主修戏剧艺术专业的学生。
drama
n.
戏剧
15.
appointment
n.
a
formal
arrangement
to
meet
or
visit
sb
at
a
particular
time
约会；预约
She
has
an
appointment
with
her
accountant.
她和她的会计师有个约会。
【拓展】
appointment
1)
n.
任命
His
appointment
to
the
cabinet
would
please
the
right
wing.
他进入内阁的任命会令右翼高兴。
2).?n.职务;
职位
Mr.
Fay
is
to
take
up
an
appointment
as
a
researcher.
费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。
appoint
v.
任命
It
made
sense
to
appoint
a
banker
to
this
job.
任命一位银行家做这项工作是合理的。
【固定搭配】
appoint
sb.
as…
任命某人为…
16.
panic
v.
to
suddenly
feel
frightened
so
that
you
cannot
think
dearly
and
you
say
or
do
sth
stupid,
dangerous,
etc.(使)惊慌，惊慌失措
An
earthquake
has
hit
the
capital,
causing
damage
to
buildings
and
panic
among
the
population.
一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。
另外panic也可以作名词，表示惊慌失措的局面、恐慌。
There
was
a
moment
of
panic
as
it
became
clear
just
how
vulnerable
the
nation
was.
随着国家如此脆弱变得明显，出现了一阵恐慌局面。
I'm
in
a
panic
about
getting
everything
done
in
time.
我处于一阵要把一切及时安排就绪的恐慌中。
17.
ironically
adv.
in
a
way
that
is
strange
or
amusing
because
it
is
very
different
from
what
you
expect
(因出乎意料)奇怪地；具有讽刺意味地
Ironically,
for
a
man
who
hated
war,
he
would
have
made
a
superb
war
cameraman.
具有讽刺意味的是，他这样一个憎恨战争的人曾经可能成为一名优秀的战地摄影师。
18.
fry
v.
When
you
fry
food,
you
cook
it
in
a
pan
that
contains
hot
fat
or
oil.
炸
Fry
the
breadcrumbs
until
golden
brown.
把这些面包屑炸到金褐色为止。
fried
food
油炸食品
fried
fish
and
chips
炸鱼和土豆条（经典的英式快餐）
19.
portion
n.
an
amount
of
food
that
is
large
enough
for
one
person
(食物的)一份
Desserts
can
be
substituted
by
a
portion
of
fresh
fruit.
甜点可以替换成一份新鲜水果。
The
portions
were
generous.
份量很足。
【拓展】
portion作名词，还有“部分”的意思：
Damage
was
confined
to
a
small
portion
of
the
castle.
城堡仅有一小部分受到了损坏。
I
have
spent
a
considerable
portion
of
my
life
here.
我已在这里度过了一生中的大部分时光
20.
embarrassed
adj.
(of
a
person
or
their
behaviour)
shy,
awkward
or
ashamed,
especially
in
a
social
situation
(人或行为)(尤指在社交场合)窘迫的，尴尬的
例句参见词条5拓展。
.
disgusted
adj.
feeling
or
showing
disgust
厌恶的；憎恶的；反感的
He
disgusted
many
with
his
boorish
behaviour.
他以其粗鲁的行为使许多人感到厌恶。
I'm
disgusted
with
what
she
said.
我对她的话很反感。
【固定搭配】
be
disgusted
with
…对…感到反感。
22.
likely
adj.
probable
or
expected
可能的；预料的
The
most
likely
outcome
may
be
to
subcontract
much
of
the
work
to
an
outsider.
最有可能的结果是把大量工作分包给外部人员
【固定搭配】
be
likely
to
do
sth.
有可能去做某事。
23.
gesture
n.
a
movement
that
you
make
with
your
hands,
your
head
or
your
face
to
show
a
particular
meaning
手势；姿势；示意动作
They
communicated
entirely
by
gesture.
他们完全用手势交流。
【拓展】
gesture
v.
向…打手势，用动作示意。
I
gestured
toward
the
boathouse,
and
he
looked
inside.
我朝停船小屋打手势，他在里面看了看。
24.
differ
v.
to
be
different
from
sb/sth相异；有区别；不同于
The
story
he
told
police
differed
from
the
one
he
told
his
mother.
他告诉警察的话和告诉他母亲的不同。
different
adj
不同的，有区别的；
A
is
different
from
B：A和B不同
London
was
different
from
most
European
capitals.
伦敦与大多数的欧洲首都城市不同
【固定搭配】
differ
in...
在…不同
French
and
English
differ
in
this
respect.
在这方面法语和英语不同。
differ
between
...
在…之间不同
Ideas
on
childcare
may
differ
considerably
between
the
parents.
在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同
【词组短语】
differ
from与…不同；区别于…
differ
in不同在；在…方面存在不同
differ
with与…意见不一；与…不调和
opinions
differ见仁见智；各人意见不同；不能达成一致意见；看法不一
beg
to
differ恕不同意
25.
mostly
adv.
mainly;
generally主要地；一般地；通常
I
am
working
with
mostly
highly
motivated
people.
我正与大多都积极性很高的人们共事。
Cars
are
mostly
metal.
汽车大多是金属制成的。
【词语辨析】
most
用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,
most
people,
mostly
大部分,是副词
the
people
are
mostly…
26.
besides
adv.
used
for
making
an
extra
comment
that
adds
to
what
you
have
just
said
而且；再说
I
think
she
has
many
good
qualities
besides
being
very
beautiful.
我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质。
【形近词辨析】
besides
adv除了…还有
beside
prep.
在…旁边
试比较：
beside
在……旁边。如：
Come
and
sit
beside
me.
besides
除……之外。如：
I
have
two
other
umbrellas
besides
this
one.
注意
besides
prep.
in
addition
to
sb/sth;
apart
from
sb/sth
除……之外(还),前后涉及的人或事物用加法；
except
除了….没有；前后涉及到的事物用减法。There
no
one
except
you
and
I.
除了你我没有别人。
There
are
still
2
people
waiting
at
the
gate
besides
Uncle
Marry.
除了玛丽姑姑，还要2个人在门口等候。
27.
alternative
n.
a
thing
that
you
can
choose
to
do
or
have
out
of
two
or
more
possibilities
可供选择的事物；替代品
It
would
provide
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars
for
research
into
alternative
energy
sources.
它可以提供数亿美元用于可替代能源的研究。
【拓展】
ADJ
An
alternative
plan
or
offer
is
different
from
the
one
that
you
already
have,
and
can
be
done
or
used
instead.另外的；可供选择的
There
were
alternative
methods
of
travel
available.
有另外的旅行方式可采用。
【核心词组】
1.
all
the
way
—路上；自始至终
He
had
to
walk
all
the
way
home.
他不得不一路步行回家。
2.
on
earth
(加强疑问句的语气)到底，究竟
Where
on
earth
did
you
spring
from?
你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？
What
on
earth
are
you
doing?
你究竟在干什么？
注意区分：
on
the
earth,
on
earth,
in
the
earth
on
the
earth在地上，在地球上，
on
earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，no
use
on
earth
in
the
earth在地下，在泥土里
3.
differ
from
区别于；不同于
Your
needs
can
differ
from
day
to
day.
你的需要可能每天都在变化。
4.
set
foot
on进入，访问，参观
(某地)
It
was
the
first
time
I
had
set
foot
on
African
soil.
那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。
【课堂练习】
I.
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
words
or
phrases
from
the
box
below.
Change
the
form
where
necessary.
alternative
gesture
differ
fade
embarrassment
deliver
confusion
likely
signal
disgusted
appointment
1.
You
mustn't
fire
without
my
signal.
没我的信号不许开枪。
2.
I'm
disgusted
with
what
she
said.
我对她的话很反感.
3.
He
made
a
rude
gesture
with
his
fingers.
他用手指做了一个不礼貌的手势.
4.
Allow
me
to
clear
up
this
confusion.
请允许我澄清这种混淆.
5.
It's
so
cloudy
and
cold
that
it's
likely
to
snow.
天气又阴又冷,大半要下雪.
6.
She
made
an
appointment
for
her
son
to
see
the
doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
7.
He's
not
used
to
making
speeches
in
public;
it's
so
embarrassing.
他不习惯在大庭广众中演讲,因为这太使人窘迫了.
8.
When
the
night
light
gradually
faded,
the
world
entered
the
dark.
当夜晚的灯光渐渐褪去,世界就进入了黑暗.
9.
A
parcel
weighing
half
a
ton
has
just
been
delivered.
一个半吨重的包裹刚刚递送出去.
10.
Drivers
are
advised
to
seek
alternative
routes.
驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。
II.
Translation
1.我们如今足不出户就可以了解国家大事。(be
informed)
考点：了解国家大事大事be
informed
of
what
is
happening
around
the
country
足不出户就可以做某事了can
do
sth
without
leaving
one’s
house
Nowadays,
we
can
be
informed
of
what
is
happening
around
the
country
without
leaving
our
houses.
2.他凡事没有自己的主张，总是人云亦云。(repeat)
考点：凡事都没有自己的主张have
no
opinion
of
one’s
own
about
everything
人云亦云repeat
what
others
say
He
has
no
opinion
of
his
own
about
everything
and
always
repeats
what
others
say.
He
always
repeat
what
others
say
without
having
his
own
ideas
about
everything.
3.与你相比，我所做的微不足道。(compare)
考点：微不足道sth
be
trivial
/
insignificant
我所做的
what
I
have
done
与A相比，B
Compared
with
A,
B…
Compared
with
what
you
have
done,
what
I
have
done
is
trivial
/
insignificant.
4.老先生虽然无依无靠，但仍然助人为乐。(depend)
考点：某人无依无靠sb
has
no
one
to
depend
on
助人为乐
be
ready
to
help
others
Although
the
old
man
has
no
one
to
depend
on,
he
is
till
ready
to
help
others.
5.
独生儿子在灾难中丧生后，
这对老夫妇相依为命。(depend)
考点：独生儿子one’s
only
son
在灾难中丧生be
killed
in
a
disaster
这对老夫妇相依为命
the
old
couple
depend
on
each
other
The
old
couple
has
depended
on
each
other
since
their
only
son
was
killed
in
a
disaster.
After
their
only
son
died
in
a
disaster,
the
old
couple
depended
on
each
other.
6.很多人把无偿献血当成理所当然的事情。(grant)
考点：把做某事当成理所当然的事
take
it
for
granted
that
sb
does
sth/
take
it
for
granted
to
do
sth
无偿献血donate
one’s
blood
without
payment
Many
people
take
it
for
granted
that
they
donate
their
blood
without
payment.
Many
people
take
it
for
granted
to
donate
their
blood
without
payment.
7.主队赢得比赛后，球迷们欣喜若狂。(wild)
考点：主队the
host
team
赢得比赛win
the
game
欣喜若狂be
wild
with
joy
After
the
host
team
won
the
game,
its
fans
were
wild
with
joy.
8.
十年来，
老教授不遗余力地帮组那位素不相识的病人。(effort)
考点：不遗余力地做某事spare
no
effort
to
do
sth
那位素不相识的病人the
patient
whom
he
doesn’t
know
at
all
In
the
past
decade,
the
old
professor
has
spared
no
effort
to
help
the
patient
he
didn’t
know
at
all.
9.有时候父母会对孩子的合理要求置之不理。(notice)
考点：对…置之不理take
no
notice
of
sth
某人的合理要求one’s
reasonable
demands
/
requirements
/
requests
Sometimes,
parents
take
no
notice
of
their
children’s
reasonable
demands
/
requirements
/
requests.
10.
应该教会孩子自力更生。（own）
考点：自力更生live
on
one’s
own/
depend
on
one’s
own
effort
Children
should
be
taught
to
live
on
their
own.
Children
should
be
taught
to
depend
on
their
own
effort.
【语法详解】
1.
句子成分；
2.简单句的5种类型。
一、句子成分的分类：
主语：
动作的发出者。
1.
American
country
music
has
become
more
and
more
popular.
2.
We
often
speak
English
in
class.
3.
One-third
of
the
students
in
this
class
are
girls.
4.
Smoking
does
harm
to
the
health.
5.
The
rich
should
help
the
poor.
谓语：主语发出的动作状态。
1.
I
don't
like
the
picture
on
the
wall.
2.
The
days
get
longer
and
longer
when
summer
comes.
3.
We
had
better
send
for
a
doctor.
4.
He
is
interested
in
music.
表语
：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词(如be,
...look,
smell,
...
become,
get,
...
等)之后。
1.
Our
English
teacher
is
an
American.
2.
The
weather
has
turned
cold.
3.
The
little
boy
looks
very
happy.
宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面
1.
My
brother
hasn’t
done
his
homework.
2.
People
all
over
the
world
speak
English.
3.
They
didn't
know
who
"Father
Christmas"
really
is.
4.
The
old
man
said
he
was
ill.
双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语
①
Please
tell
us
a
story.
②My
father
bought
a
new
bike
for
me
last
week.
③
Mr.
Li
is
going
to
teach
us
history
next
term.
宾语补足语：宾语发出的动作或状态。
1.
I
found
the
book
interesting.
2.
Do
you
smell
something
burning?
3.
He
asked
her
to
take
the
boy
out
of
school.
4.
I
saw
Mr.
Wang
get
on
the
bus.
5.
We
must
keep
it
a
secret.
状语：在句子中表时间，地点，原因，方式，比较等的单词或短语就是状语
1.
We
go
to
school
on
foot
every
day.
2.
They
will
meet
at
the
airport
at
6:00
tomorrow.
3.
Because
of
his
illness
he
can’t
go
swimming.
4.
I
will
tell
him
the
news
when
he
comes
back
next
week.
定语：在句子中修饰名词代词的单词或短语就是定语
1.
He
bought
an
interesting
book.
2.
The
boy
in
the
room
is
my
brother.
二、简单句5种基本类型：
1、句型1：
Subject
(主语)
＋
Verb
(谓语)
（动词为不及物动词）
The
red
sun
rises
in
the
east.红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy
and
Mary
get
up
early
every
morning.露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His
parents
have
worked
in
the
company
for
ten
years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What
he
said
does
not
matter.他说的话不重要。
They
had
to
travel
by
boat.他们不得不乘船旅行。
The
egg
hatched.这只蛋孵化了。
The
accident
happened
because
of
his
carelessness.
这次事故发生是因为他的粗细大意。
It
weighs
nearly
27
kilos
(about
65
pounds)
它重近27千克(约65磅)。
2、句型2：Subject
(主语)＋
Link.
V(系动词)
＋
Predicate(表语)
Our
English
teacher
is
thirty
years
old.我们的英语老师30岁了。
The
cake
tastes
delicious.这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The
potatoes
went
bad
in
the
field.土豆在地里就坏了。
They
seemed
very
happy
together.他们在一起好像很幸福。
It
gets
colder
and
colder.天气越来越冷了。
The
leaves
have
turned
yellow.树叶已经变黄了。
3、句型3：
Subject(主语)
＋
Verb
(谓语)（谓语为及物动词）
＋
Object
(宾语)
He
put
the
dictionary
in
the
backpack.
他把词典放进了背包里。
I
saw
her
just
now
and
she
was
doing
her
homework
in
the
classroom.
我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They
haven’t
decided
when
and
where
to
hold
the
party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She
stopped
teaching
English
two
years
ago.
她两年前就不教英语了。
Do
you
know
when
he
left
for
Beijing?
你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother
promised
to
give
me
a
present.
母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to
do
作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect)假装(pretend)喜欢(would
like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法
(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力
(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask,
consider,
decide,
discover,
explain,
find
out,
forget,
guess,
know,
learn,
remember,
tell,
think,
understand,
wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit
承认　　
appreciate感激
avoid
避免
consider
考虑
delay
耽搁
dislike
嫌恶
enjoy喜欢
escape
避免
excuse
原谅
fancy
想不到
feel
like
意欲
finish完成
forgive
原谅
give
up
放弃
cannot
help
情不自禁
imagine
设想
include
包括
keep
保持
mention
提及
mind
介意
miss逃过
put
off
推迟
practice
练习
resist
抵制
risk
冒险
4、句型4：
Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋
Indirect
object(间接宾语)＋Direct
object
(直接宾语)
Mr.
Smith
taught
us
English
last
year.
史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma
told
me
an
interesting
story
last
night.
奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would
you
please
pass
me
that
dictionary?
=Would
you
please
pass
that
dictionary
to
me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He
bought
his
mother
a
new
sweater
with
his
first
month’s
salary.
=He
bought
a
new
sweater
for
his
mother
with
his
first
month’s
salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
He
showed
the
guard
his
ticket.他把票给守卫展示了一下。
His
contribution
won
him
a
good
fame.他的贡献为他赢得了良好的声誉。
注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语
(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾
语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,
give,
lend,
hand,
offer,
pass,
promise,
return,
send,
show,
teach,
tell,
write等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring,
buy,
cook,
find,
get,
make,
order,
save,
spare等。
5、句型5：
Subject(主语)＋Verb
(动词)＋Object
(宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If
you
let
me
go.
I’ll
make
you
king.
(名词作宾补)
I
consider
Tom
my
best
friend.
(名词作宾补)
Leave
the
door
open.
(形容词作宾补)
We
found
Li
Ming
out
when
we
arrived.
(副词作宾补)
Make
yourself
at
home.
(介词短语作宾补)
I
saw
a
stranger
enter
the
building.
(不定式作宾补)
省略to的不定式
The
boss
kept
them
working
all
day.
(现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday
he
had
his
leg
broken.
(过去分词作宾补)
【课堂练习】
找出以下句子的表语、直接宾语、间接宾语和宾语补足语。[Z。xx。]
You
look
nice
today.
The
fact
is
that
we
don’t
know
him
at
all.
It
is
getting
cooler
and
cooler
as
autumn
comes.
Please
pass
me
the
book
over
there.
My
father
bought
me
a
computer
last
year.
What
you
did
made
me
happy.
My
friend
asked
me
to
lend
him
some
money.
中译英
他又高又帅。________________________________________________________________
4年后她成了一名教师。_______________________________________________________
在母亲节那天，他送给他妈妈一束花。（a
bunch
of
flowers）
_____________________________________________________________________________
明天我带些好吃的给你。______________________________________________________
李老师教我们英语。_________________________________________________________
警察命令他把车停下来。_____________________________________________________
答案：
一.
1.
nice
表语
2.
that
we
don’t
know
him
at
all
表语
3.
cooler
and
cooler
表语
4.
me
间宾；
the
book
直接宾语
5.
me间宾；a
computer
直宾
6.
happy
补语
7.
to
lend
him
some
money
宾补
二．
1.
He
is
tall
and
handsome.
2.
Four
years
later,
she
became
a
teacher.
3.
On
Mother’s
Day,
he
sent
his
mother
a
bunch
of
flowers.
4.
I
will
bring
you
something
delicious.
5.
Miss
Li
teaches
us
English.
6.
The
policeman
ordered
him
to
stop
his
car.