2021-2022学年上外版（2020）高中英语：必修一 Unit 2 Language and Culture 同步资料含课文翻译（学案）

2021-2022学年上外版高中英语：
必修一
Unit
2
Language
and
Culture
同步资料含课文翻译
In
this
unit,
we
are
going
to
·describe
feelings
related
to
cross-cultural
experiences
·discover
cross-cultural
differences
in
languages
·illustrate
an
idea
with
an
example
·listen
for
the
main
idea,attract
the
audience’s
attention
while
giving
a
presentation,and
write
supporting
sentences
Reading
A
Have
you
had
any
confusing
moments
in
another
culture?Read
the
story
and
find
out
what
might
be
the
cause(s).
THE
CONFUSING
WAY
MEXICANS
TELL
TIME
When
I
first
set
foot
on
Mexican
soil,
I
spoke
Spanish
well.
So
when
I
asked
a
local
ice-cream
seller
for
an
ice-cream,
and
he
said
“ahorita”,which
directly
translates
to
“right
now,”
I
took
him
at
his
word,
believing
that
its
arrival
was
immediate.
Comment
by
F
M:
表示踏入的意思，尤指以前未曾到过的地方。
Comment
by
F
M:
take
sb.
at
his
word表示相信了某人的话。
I
sat
near
his
shop
and
waited.
Half
an
hour
passed
and
still
no
ice-cream
arrived,
so
I
asked
again
about
it.
“Ahorita,”
he
told
me
again.
His
face
was
a
mix
of
confusion
and
maybe
even
embarrassment.
I
was
torn.
Waiting
longer
wasn’t
pleasant,
but
I
felt
it
was
impolite
to
walk
away,
especially
if
the
ice-cream
was
now
being
delivered
just
for
me.
But
finally,
after
waiting
too
long,
I
made
a
rush
for
the
nearest
bus
to
take
me
home.
As
I
left,
I
signaled
at
my
wrist
and
shrugged
to
the
ice-cream
seller.
Obviously
I
couldn’t
wait
any
longer
and
it
really
wasn’t
my
fault.
His
face
was,
once
again,
one
of
total
confusion.
Comment
by
F
M:
deliver表示递送的意思。
delivered
food
外卖
Comment
by
F
M:
make
a
rush
for
sp.
匆匆赶往某地。
Comment
by
F
M:
signal做动词有发信号，示意的意思。
Comment
by
F
M:
习惯性表达，表程度，翻译成十分疑惑。
This
experience
faded
from
my
memory
until
years
later
when
I
came
back
to
live
in
Mexico.
I
discovered
that
understanding
“ahorita”
took
not
a
fluency
in
the
language,
but
rather
a
fluency
in
the
culture.
When
someone
from
Mexico
says
“ahorita,”
it
should
almost
never
be
taken
literally;
its
meaning
changes
greatly
with
context.
As
a
linguist
told
me,
“Ahorita
could
mean
tomorrow,
in
an
hour,
within
five
years
or
never.”
It
is
even
used
as
a
polite
way
of
saying
“no,
thanks”
when
refusing
an
offer.
Comment
by
F
M:
fade表示“逐渐消失，褪色”的意思。它是一个不及物动词。
Comment
by
F
M:
这两句话的字面意思比较晦涩，在理解了fluency的基础之上可以意译。
Comment
by
F
M:
该副词有2个重要意思：一是表强调，真地；真正地；二是表示从字面意思上。这两种用法都会经常考到。
Difficulty
in
explaining
what
I
have
come
to
call
“Ahorita
Time”
is
a
reflection
of
different
cultural
understandings
of
time.
Since
I
moved
to
Mexico,
my
attitude
towards
time
has
changed
dramatically.
I
don’t
worry
so
much
about
being
late;
I
am
generally
still
on
time
for
appointments,
but
when
I’m
not,
I
don’t
panic.
Ironically,
it
would
seem
that
“Ahorita
Time”
has
actually
allowed
me
to
live
far
more
in
the
“right
now”
than
I
ever
did
before.
Comment
by
F
M:
这又是一个常考的副词，表示程度，“大幅，显著，戏剧般地”
Comment
by
F
M:
具有讽刺意味地
【参考译文】
墨西哥人报时方式的“骚操作”
当我第一次踏上墨西哥的土地时，我的西班牙语说得很好。所以，当我向当地的冰淇淋小贩要冰淇淋时，他说的是“ahorita”
(直译为“现在”)，我相信了他的话，认为它马上就会到来。
我坐在他的商店附近等着。半个小时过去了，冰淇淋还没有到，所以我又问了一遍。“ahorita，”他又对我说。他的脸上混杂着困惑，甚至可能是尴尬。
我要炸了。等得久一点并不让人愉快，但我觉得走开是不礼貌的，尤其是如果现在冰淇淋是专为我送的。但最后，在等了太久之后，我匆忙赶去最近的公共汽车回家。离开时，我示意了一下自己的手腕，对卖冰淇淋的小贩耸了耸肩。显然我不能再等了，这真的不是我的错。他的脸又一次显得十分疑惑。
这段经历逐渐从我的记忆中消失，直到多年以后我回到墨西哥生活。我发现理解“ahorita”并不需要流利的语言，而是需要对文化理解的顺畅。当来自墨西哥的人说“ahorita”时，几乎不应该从字面上理解;它的意思会随着上下文的变化而变化很大。正如一位语言学家告诉我的那样，“Ahorita可能意味着明天，一个小时内，五年之内，甚至永远不会。”甚至在拒绝某项工作时，它也被用来礼貌地说“不，谢谢”。
难以解释我所称的“ahorita时间”是不同文化对时间理解的反映。自从我搬到墨西哥后，我对时间的态度发生了巨大的变化。我不太担心自己会迟到;我通常还是能准时赴约，但如果不能准时赴约，我也不会惊慌。具有讽刺意味的是，似乎“Ahorita
Time”实际上让我比以前更能活在“当下”。
Digging
in
Comprehension
I.Below
is
an
outline
of
the
passage
you
have
just
plete
the
diagram
with
information
from
the
text.
Setting
Time:
Place:
in
Mexico
Character(s):
Climax
The
author
was
torn
and
.
Development
The
author
then
waited
because
.
However,half
an
hour
later,when
she
asked
again,the
ice-cream
seller
felt
.
Ending
The
author
left
the
shop
after
a
long
time.The
seller
looked
.
Beginning
The
author
asked
a
local
ice-cream
seller
for
an
ice-cream,and
the
seller
answered
.
Message
Understanding
“ahorita”
took
not
a
fluency
in
the
language,but
rather
.
II.Answer
the
questions.
1.What
did
“ahorita”
mean
to
the
author?What
might
the
ice-cream
seller
mean
by
saying
“ahorita”?
2.What
did
the
author
suggest
by
saying
“I
was
torn”
(line
12)?
3.Why
didn’t
the
author
worry
so
much
about
being
late
after
moving
to
Mexico
years
later?
4.Do
you
think
Spanish
people
would
mean
the
same
as
Mexicans
when
they
say
“ahorita”?Why
or
why
not?
Vocabulary
Focus
I.
Key
Vocabulary
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
appropriate
forms
of
the
given
words
and
expressions
to
complete
the
passage.
confusion
deliver
reflection
refuse
an
offer
context
set
foot
on
signal
torn
This
is
a
story
about
how
a
foreigner
got
confused
about
a
Mexican
word
even
though
she
could
speak
fluent
Spanish.It
happened
when
she
Mexican
soil
for
the
first
time.She
asked
an
ice-cream
seller
for
an
ice-cream,and
he
said
“ahorita”.She
thought
it
would
immediately
because
the
word
can
be
directly
translated
to
“right
now”.But
she
waited
for
half
an
hour
and
still
no
ice-cream
came.When
she
asked
the
seller
about
it,he
said
“ahorita”
again,with
his
face
showing
.She
felt
between
waiting
and
walking
away.Finally,she
had
to
go
home,so
she
to
the
seller
that
she
could
not
wait
any
longer.Years
later
back
in
Mexico,she
came
to
realise
that
the
meaning
of
“ahorita”
changes
according
to
its
.It
could
mean
“tomorrow,”
within
five
years,
“never,”
or
even
“no,thanks”
when
one
wants
to
.
“Ahorita
Time”
is
a
of
different
cultural
understandings
of
time.That
is,understanding
“ahorita”
takes
not
a
fluency
in
the
language,but
a
fluency
in
the
culture.
II.Word
Formation:Prefixes
1.Read
the
sentence
and
rewrite
it
with
the
opposites
of
the
underlined
words
without
changing
the
meaning.
Waiting
longer
wasn’t
pleasant,but
I
felt
it
was
impolite
to
walk
away.
Waiting
longer
was
,but
I
felt
it
wasn’t
to
walk
away.
A
prefix
is
a
letter
or
a
group
of
letters
added
to
the
beginning
of
a
word
to
indicate
or
modify
its
meaning.
Prefix
Word
Word
with
a
prefix
im-
polite
impolite
in-
expensive
inexpensive
un-
fortunate
unfortunate
fold
unfold
dis-
appear
disappear
`
advantage
disadvantage
mis-
understanding
misunderstanding
cross-
cultural
cross-cultural
en-
rich
enrich
pre-
view
preview
co-
operation
cooperation
2.Add
a
prefix
in
the
left
box
to
a
word
in
the
right
box
to
make
a
new
word.Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
new
words.
Prefix:cross-/en-/mis-/inter-/un-/co-/tele-
Word:cultural/understanding/phone/able/certainty/operation/national
Culture
shock
refers
to
a
sense
of
confusion
or
with
feelings
of
anxiety
when
people
are
introduced
to
a
foreign
environment.
If
you
are
a(n)
student
experiencing
culture
shock,here
are
some
tips
that
might
help:
·Research
the
host
country’s
culture
and
build
up
awareness.
·Look
for
activities
that
you
to
interact
with
other
students
who
share
your
interests.
·Stay
calm
when
some
occurs
and
reach
out
for
help
if
necessary.
·Keep
in
touch
with
your
family
and
friends
via
email,video
chat
or
.
·Value
and
prepare
to
work
with
other
students.
Grammar
in
Use
Basic
sentence
patterns
I.Read
the
passage
and
tell
how
many
sentence
patterns
there
are.
The
origin
of
the
English
word
hello
is
the
French
hola.It
roughly
means
“whoa
there!”
(ho,la).But
the
French
people
do
not
make
hola
a
greeting
word.The
Italian
word
Ciao
finds
its
origin
in
the
Venetian
phrase
s-ciao
vostro
or
s-ciao
su.The
literal
translation
is
“I
am
your
slave.”
In
fact,the
meaning
is
“at
your
service.”
Grammar
Highlights
S+V:Subject+Verb(vi.)
the
meaning
of
the
idiom(S)
changes
greatly(V).
S+V+C:Subject+Linking
Verb+Complement
I(S)
was(V)
torn(C).
S+V+O:Subject+Verb(vt.)+Object
I(S)
spoke(V)
Spanish(O)
well.
S+V+O+C:Subject+Verb+Object+Complement
She(S)
found(V)
the
word
“ahorita”(O)
confusing(C).
S+V+Oi+Od:Subject+Verb+Indirect
Object+Direct
Object
She(S)
gave(V)
him(Oi)
a
signal(Od).
II.Identify
the
sentence
pattern
of
each
sentence
in
the
paragraph.An
example
is
given.
Today
my
friend
told
me
a
funny
story(S+V+Oi+Od).One
day,an
American
was
meeting
a
Chinese
man(
).As
the
visitor
saw
the
host’s
wife(
),he
said,
“Your
wife
is
very
beautiful.”(
)
The
host
smiled(
)and
said,
“Where?Where?”
It
made
the
American
very
surprised(
),but
still
he
answered(
),
“Eyes,hair,nose.”
Of
course
the
host
found
the
answer
a
bit
puzzling(
).We
know
that
cultural
differences
in
languages
caused
the
confusion(
).
“Where?Where?”
in
Chinese
is
a
kind
of
humble
expression(
),but
the
American
understood
it
as
“Which
parts
of
the
body?”
plete
the
story
according
to
the
pictures
and
the
clue
word.Try
to
use
as
many
different
sentence
patterns
as
possible.
1.restaurant
2.milk
3.cow
4.bullfight
A
couple
were
travelling
in
Spain.One
day
they
went
into
a
small
restaurant
for
lunch.They
did
not
speak
the
local
language
and
the
waiter
did
not
speak
their
language
...
Listening
and
Viewing
Cultural
Differences
in
Body
Language
(Radio
programme)
I.If
you
were
a
traveller
in
Spain,how
would
you
use
your
body
language
to
ask
the
waiter
for
milk?
II.Listen
and
choose
the
main
idea
of
the
programme.
A.Gestures
differ
from
country
to
country
in
expressing
similar
ideas.
B.Similar
gestures
may
have
different
meanings
in
different
countries.
C.People
often
use
their
hands
or
heads
to
express
their
feelings.
D.People
in
different
countries
use
different
gestures
to
show
disagreement.
III.Fill
in
each
blank
with
no
more
than
two
words.Then
listen
again
and
check.
Using
gestures
to
express
what
you
are
feeling
is
common
in
some
countries
but
not
in
others.Shaking
heads
mostly
means
‘no,’
but
in
some
countries
it
can
mean
the
.For
example,in
Greece,shaking
heads
means
;in
Bulgaria,it
means
;and
in
India,it
means
lots
of
.Besides,in
some
areas
of
southeastern
Europe,
means
‘no.’
IV.Some
gestures
may
convey
different
messages
in
different
cultures.Give
an
example.
“I
Don’t
Care.”
vs.
“I
Don’t
Mind”
(Mini-lecture)
I.Before
watching,complete
the
dialogues
with
“I
don’t
care”
or
“I
don’t
mind”.
1.Do
you
mind
giving
a
free
ride
to
a
stranger?
2.Would
you
like
to
have
tea
or
coffee?
II.Watch
Part
I
of
the
video
and
choose
the
best
answer.
The
video
is
about
the
difference
.
A.between
tea
and
coffee
B.in
making
decisions
in
the
US
and
the
UK
C.between
American
and
British
English
D.in
showing
disagreement
in
the
US
and
the
UK
III.Watch
Part
II
of
the
video
and
complete
the
diagram.
I’m
happy
with
either
alternative.
American
English:
But
in
British
English,it
means
you
are
not
interested.
British
English:
But
in
American
English,it
makes
.
IV.Answer
the
questions.
1.What
other
differences
between
American
and
British
English
are
mentioned
in
the
video?
2.Can
you
give
more
examples
to
show
differences
between
American
and
British
English?
Moving
Forward
Introducing
a
Chinese
Food
I.Writing:Writing
about
a
Chinese
word
Suppose
some
students
from
your
sister
school
abroad
are
visiting
your
school.
You
are
asked
to
give
a
talk
about
“Chinese
words
and
their
stories.”
Step
1:Work
in
groups.Brainstorm
about
words
in
Chinese
and
their
different
usages
in
different
contexts.The
words
can
be
confusing,interesting
or
funny,such
as
“ahorita”
in
Mexican
Spanish
or
“chi”
in
Chinese.
Step
2:Choose
one
word
and
list
its
different
usages
or
stories.Find
out
the
peculiar
cultural
message
behind
the
word.
Step
3:Write
a
topic
sentence
based
on
the
information.Find
relevant
details
and
put
them
in
the
supporting
sentences.
Writing
Strategy
(Writing
supporting
sentences)
All
the
supporting
sentences
should
be
related
to
the
topic
sentence.Good
supporting
sentences
have
different
goals.Writers
use
them
to
explain,describe,give
reasons,give
facts,give
examples
or
define.
Tick
(√)
the
sentences
that
are
related
to
the
given
topic
sentence.
Topic
sentence:
A
simple
Chinese
word
“chi”
(to
eat)
has
a
lot
of
extended
meanings.
Supporting
sentences:
□As
the
saying
goes,
“People
can’t
do
without
food.”
□Chinese
people’s
love
or
concern
for
food
has
lent
many
colorful
expressions
to
their
mother
tongue.
□The
word
sometimes
goes
beyond
its
literal
meaning.For
example,
“chi
moshui”
means
“to
receive
education”
instead
of
“to
eat
ink.”
□It
can
be
also
used
to
mean
“to
depend
on.”
For
instance,
“kaoshan
chishan”
means
“those
living
in
a
mountainous
area
depend
on
the
mountains
for
a
living.”
Step
4:Put
all
the
sentences
into
a
paragraph.
II.Speaking:Giving
a
talk
on
a
Chinese
word
Step
1:Work
in
groups.Find
a
way
to
attract
the
audience’s
attention
with
the
help
of
the
speaking
strategy.
Step
2:Put
what
you
have
written
in
a
speaking
outline.Practise
the
group
presentation
with
other
members.Prepare
some
questions
for
listeners
to
answer
after
the
presentation.
Introduction
Greeting
Asking
a
question
e.g.
Do
you
know
how
to
say
“eat”
in
Chinese?
Body
Topic
sentence
e.g.
A
simple
word
“chi”
has
a
lot
of
extended
meanings.
Supporting
sentences
e.g.
meaning
1/meaning
2
Conclusion
Step
3:Give
your
presentation
in
class.Ask
some
questions
after
the
presentation.
Speaking
Strategy
(Attracting
the
audience’s
attention)
A
good
speaker
begins
a
presentation
with
a
quick
and
friendly
greeting.This
makes
the
audience
feel
welcome.
A
speaker
can
also
attract
the
audience’s
attention
by
asking
a
question.
·How
many
of
you
have
ever
studied
Chinese?
·Have
you
got
a
Chinese
expression
similar
to
“ahorita”?
Reading
B
MY
EXPERIENCE
WITH
AMERICAN
ENGLISH
When
I
was
ten
years
old,
I
went
to
the
US
to
visit
some
family
friends.
We
travelled
all
the
way
from
California
to
Las
Vegas.
I
noticed
something
funny
about
the
way
everyone
spoke
English.
I
was
thinking,
“This
is
the
way
they
speak
in
films!”
Comment
by
F
M:
all
the
way
一直，一路上
At
the
beginning
of
the
holiday,
one
of
my
friends
asked
me
if
I
wanted
to
order
“French
fries.”
I
couldn’t
imagine
what
French
fries
were.
What
was
fried
and
French?
Snails?
Chinese?
She
was
amazed
that
I
had
never
tried
them
and
she
ordered
a
portion
for
us
to
share.
When
the
waiter
brought
us
some
chips,
I
asked
her
where
the
French
fries
were.
She
pointed
to
the
plate
of
chips!
Later
that
week
she
said
she
was
going
to
buy
some
“chips”
from
the
supermarket.
She
came
out
with
a
packet
of
crisps!
Comment
by
F
M:
what引导宾语从句，what做句子成分，充当表语。
Comment
by
F
M:
try
后面可以加food,表示吃过某种食物。
Comment
by
F
M:
portion
此句中是指”（食物的）一份”的意思;
Desserts
can
be
substituted
by
a
portion
of
fresh
fruit.
甜点可以替换成一份新鲜水果。
Comment
by
F
M:
where
引导的宾语从句（直接宾语）；where在从句中充当地点状语。
During
that
holiday
we
were
also
offered
“biscuits
and
gravy”
with
our
lunch.
This
was
a
very
strange
idea
to
me,
because
in
England
biscuits
are
sweet.
Gravy
is
a
salty,
meat-based
sauce.
I
later
realized
that
“biscuits”
in
America
are
savoury
snacks.
What
we
call
“biscuits,”
they
call
“cookies.”
Comment
by
F
M:
offer作动词表示主动提供,其常用搭配为offer
sb.
sth；
offer
sth.
to
sb.
表示“提供”的还有另外两个词：
1、provide
sb
with
sth;
provide
sth
for
sb.
2、supply
sb
with
sth;
supply
sth
to
sb.
注意不同词之间的介词搭配。
I
was
also
embarrassed
when
a
stranger
told
me
she
liked
my
“pants.”
I
remember
thinking,
“How
can
she
see
my
underwear!”
My
mum
then
told
me
that
they
call
“pants”
what
we
call
“trousers,”
the
outer
clothing
that
you
wear
on
your
legs!
Comment
by
F
M:
尴尬的；难为情的，不好意思的。
Comment
by
F
M:
该句又是一个what引导的补语从句，what在补语从句中做宾语。
I
was
disgusted
when
I
saw
an
“eggplant”
pizza
on
the
menu
in
a
restaurant.
Eggs
do
not
grow
on
plants,
I
thought.
What
on
earth
could
an
“eggplant”
be?
Something
eggy
and
leafy?
My
dad
ordered
this
pizza
and
it
was
covered
in
aubergines.
I
asked
him
where
the
“eggplant”
was.
He
laughed
and
pointed
to
the
aubergines.
He
told
me,
“They
call
this
‘eggplant’
in
America!”
Comment
by
F
M:
If
you
are
disgusted,
you
feel
a
strong
sense
of
dislike
and
disapproval
at
something.
厌恶的
例：
I'm
disgusted
with
the
way
that
he
was
treated.
我对他受到这样的对待感到厌恶。
常用搭配：be
disgusted
with…厌恶。。。
Comment
by
F
M:
cover作为高中重点词，可以重点讲解：
1.
V-T?If
you?cover?something,
you
place
something
else
over
it
in
order
to
protect
it,
hide
it,
or
close
it.
盖
例：
Cover
the
casserole
with
a
tight-fitting
lid.
用紧实的盖子把砂锅盖住。
例：
He
whimpered
and
covered
his
face.
他呜咽着捂住了脸。
2.?
V-T?If
one
thing?covers?another,
it
has
been
placed
over
it
in
order
to
protect
it,
hide
it,
or
close
it.
盖住
例：
His
finger
went
up
to
touch
the
black
patch
which
covered
his
left
eye.
他的手指抬起来去摸盖在他左眼上的黑眼罩。
3.?
V-T?If
one
thing?covers?another,
it
forms
a
layer
over
its
surface.
覆盖
例：
The
clouds
had
spread
and
covered
the
entire
sky.
乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。
4.?
V-T?To?cover?something?with?or?in?something
else
means
to
put
a
layer
of
the
second
thing
over
its
surface.
铺盖
例：
The
desk
was
covered
with
papers.
书桌上铺了些报纸。
5.?
V-T?If
you?cover?a
particular
distance,
you
travel
that
distance.
走过
(一段距离)
例：
It
would
not
be
easy
to
cover
ten
miles
on
that
amount
of
petrol.
要靠那些数量的汽油跑10英里可不容易。
6.?
V-T?An
insurance
policy
that?covers?a
person
or
thing
guarantees
that
money
will
be
paid
by
the
insurance
company
in
relation
to
that
person
or
thing.
保险
例：
Their
insurer
paid
the
$900
bill,
even
though
the
policy
did
not
strictly
cover
it.
他们的保险公司赔付了他们$900，尽管保单并没有严格保到此项。
7.?
V-T?If
a
law?covers?a
particular
set
of
people,
things,
or
situations,
it
applies
to
them.
适用于
例：
The
law
covers
four
categories
of
experiments.
这一原理适用于4类试验。
8.?
V-T?If
you?cover?a
particular
topic,
you
discuss
it
in
a
lecture,
course,
or
book.
论及
例：
Introduction
to
Chemistry
aims
to
cover
important
topics
in
organic
chemistry.
《化学入门》意在论及有机化学的重要问题。
9.?
V-T?If
a
sum
of
money?covers?something,
it
is
enough
to
pay
for
it.
足够支付
例：
Send
it
to
the
address
given
with
$2.50
to
cover
postage
and
administration.
把这封信寄到所给地址，$2.50足以支付邮资和手续费。
10.?
V-I?If
you?cover
for?someone
who
is
doing
something
secret
or
illegal,
you
give
false
information
or
do
not
give
all
the
information
you
have,
in
order
to
protect
them.
包庇
例：
Why
would
she
cover
for
someone
who
was
trying
to
kill
her?
她为何要包庇那个试图要杀死她的人呢？
11.?
V-I?If
you?cover
for?someone
who
is
ill
or
away,
you
do
their
work
for
them
while
they
are
not
there.
代替
例：
She
did
not
have
enough
nurses
to
cover
for
those
who
were
sick.
她没有足够的护士来代替她们生病的同事的工作。
Although
the
same
“language”
may
be
spoken
in
different
countries,
there
are
likely
to
be
many
differences,
not
just
in
vocabulary
but
also
in
spelling,
grammar
and
pronunciation
I
think
part
of
the
excitement
of
learning
a
language
is
discovering
the
differences
in
how
it
is
spoken
in
different
places.
Comment
by
F
M:
be
likely
to
do
有可能做…
Comment
by
F
M:
how引导的宾语从句（介宾）；how在宾语从句中做方式状语。
Culture
Link
(Varieties
of
English)
There
are
many
varieties
of
English
throughout
the
world,
such
as
British,
American
English,
Australian
English,
Indian
English,
Canadian
English,
Malaysian
English
and
Singapore
English.
Take
Singlish
(Singapore
English)
as
an
example.
The
New
York
Times
calls
Singlish
a
“patchwork”
because
Singapore’s
population
consists
of
migrants
from
a
variety
of
countries,
including
China,
India
and
Malaysia,
all
of
whom
have
made
their
own
special
contributions
to
the
country’s
unique
version
of
English.
In
Singlish
you
can
easily
recognise
influences
from
Chinese
like
“mee
sian”
(rice
noodle)
in
terms
of
the
accent.
文化链接(英语变体)
世界上有许多英语变体，如英国英语、美国英语、澳大利亚英语、印度英语、加拿大英语、马来西亚英语和新加坡英语。以新加坡英语(Singlish)为例。《纽约时报》称新加坡式英语为“拼凑式”，因为新加坡的人口是由来自不同国家的移民组成的，包括中国、印度和马来西亚，他们都为这个国家独特的英语版本做出了自己独特的贡献。在新加坡
【参考译文】
我学习美式英语的经验
十岁时，我去美国拜访一些家族朋友。我们从加利福尼亚一路旅行到拉斯维加斯。我注意到每个人讲英语的方式很有趣。我在想，“这就是他们在电影里说话的方式!”
假期刚开始的时候，我的一个朋友问我要不要点““French
fries”。“我无法想象“French
fries是什么。什么是油炸的和法式的?蜗牛?中国的?她很惊讶我从来没有吃过，她叫了一份给我们一起吃。当服务员给我们拿来一些薯条时，我问她“French
fries在哪里。她指着那盘薯条!那个星期晚些时候，她说她要去超市买一些“chips”。她拿着一包薯片出来了!
在那个假期里，我们的午餐还提供了“biscuits
and
gravy”。这对我来说是个很奇怪的想法，因为在英国biscuits是甜的。肉汁是一种以肉为基础的咸酱。后来我意识到“biscuits””在美国是一种美味的零食。我们称之为“biscuits””的东西，他们称之为“cookies”。
当一个陌生人告诉我她喜欢我的“pants”时，我也感到很尴尬。我记得当时想:“她怎么能看到我的内衣!”我妈妈后来告诉我，他们把我们称为“trousers”的东西叫做“pants”，就是你穿在腿上的外衣!
当我在一家餐厅看到菜单上的“eggplant”披萨时，我感到恶心。鸡蛋不会从植物上长出来，我想。“eggplant”到底是什么呢?鸡蛋和叶子的东西?我爸爸点了这个披萨，上面全是茄子。我问他“eggplant”在哪里。他笑着指着茄子。他告诉我，“在美国，他们叫这个‘eggplant’!”
虽然所说的同样的“语言”可能在不同的国家,可能会有很多差异,不仅在词汇,拼写,语法和发音上。我觉得学习一门语言让人兴奋的地方在于去发现它在不同的地方是怎样被不同地表达的。
Comprehension
Plus
I.Answer
the
questions.
Where
does
the
author
most
probably
come
from?Why?
II.Fill
in
the
blanks
with
information
from
the
text.
her
friend
she
felt
American
English
British
English
At
the
beginning
of
the
holiday,
ordered
French
fries
for
her.
curious.
French
fries
Chips
Later
that
week,
During
that
holiday,
When
she
met
a
stranger,
When
she
was
in
a
restaurant,
Critical
Thinking
I.Cultural
factors
may
influence
meanings
of
languages
and
cause
misunderstandings
in
cross-cultural
communication.Fill
in
the
blanks
with
information
from
the
unit.
Cross-cultural
misunderstandings
regional
differences:
time
concept:ahorita
food
traditions:
...
II.Do
you
agree
that
learning
about
cultural
differences
can
help
you
better
communicate
with
others?Give
an
example
to
support
your
opinion.
Further
Exploration
Comparing
different
cultural
messages
behind
English
and
Chinese
words
Step
1:Work
in
groups.Each
group
searches
for
a
certain
type
of
words
in
both
languages,such
as
words
for
numbers,colours,animals,plants
or
foods.
Step
2:Find
out
the
different
cultural
messages
of
these
words
in
each
language.Take
their
respective
cultural
traditions
into
consideration
as
cultural
message
may
have
changed
over
time.Sort
out
the
collected
information
and
put
it
in
the
table.An
example
is
given.
Group
1:Comparing
Colour
Words
in
Traditional
Cultures
English
Chinese
Word
Cultural
message
Example
Cultural
message
Example
white
purity
weeding
dress
(bride)
death
funeral
green
red
...
Step
3:Practise
your
presentation
within
groups.
Step
4:Give
your
presentation
to
the
class.Other
groups
listen
carefully,raising
questions
or
making
comments
afterwards.
Self-assessment
Look
at
the
expected
learning
outcomes
of
this
unit
and
answer
the
questions.
A.Understanding
one’s
feelings
when
he
or
she
is
experiencing
a
different
culture
B.Introducing
a
Chinese
word
or
expression
with
different
meanings
in
different
contexts
C.Exploring
different
cultural
messages
behind
English
and
Chinese
words
D.Illustrating
factors
leading
to
cross-cultural
misunderstandings
with
example
E.Listening
for
the
main
idea
about
cross-cultural
communication
F.Writing
supporting
sentences
for
a
paragraph
G.Attracting
the
audience’s
attention
at
the
beginning
of
a
presentation
Which
of
the
above
have
you
done
well?Why
and
how?
Which
of
the
above
do
you
still
find
difficult?Why?
What
do
you
plan
to
do
if
you
find
something
difficult?