2021-2022学年上外版（2020）高中英语：必修一 Unit 1 School Life 单元语法课件（66张）

(共66张PPT)
UNIT
1　School
Life
必修一
上外版
2022
时态
现在进行时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
现在进行时
am/is/are
v-ing
现在进行时的用法
point
1
Hurry
up,
kids!
The
school
bus
is
waiting
for
us.
Listen
to
the
two
girls
by
the
window.
What
language
are
they
speaking?
表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态
now
现在
at
the/this
moment
此刻
at
present
目前
look/listen,be
quiet,
It's
...o'clock
point
2
The
workers
are
building
a
new
factory.
Teenagers
are
damaging
their
health
because
they
play
computer
games
too
much.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻不一定正在进行。
these
days
this
week/month/year
point
3
I
am
going
on
a
trip
soon.
There
is
coming
the
bus.
表示计划或安排将要发生。（现在进行时表将来）
常用于短暂性动词：
go,
come,
begin,
start,
leave,
arrive,
return,
take
off
point
4
She
is
always
handing
in
homework
on
time.
He
is
always
forgetting
something.
表达说话者出乎意料赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情
always,
forever,
constantly,
continually,
all
the
time...
point
5
Our
study
is
becoing
more
interesting.
The
leaves
are
turning
red.
get,
become,
turn等词的现在进行时可表示“逐渐，越来越”
现在进行时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
过去进行时
was/were
v-ing
point
1
What
were
you
doing
at
ten
o'clock
last
night.
I
was
watchting
TV
from
7：00
pm.
to
8:00
pm.
yesterday.
She
was
cooking
at
that
time.
We
were
discussing
the
plan
the
whole
morning
yesterday.
表示过去某一刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段内一直进行的动作。
at
that
time,
at
that
moment,
at
this
time
yesterday,
at
ten
o'clock
yesterday,
from...to...
yesterday...
point
2
My
brother
fell
while
he
was
riding
his
bicycle
yesterday.
When
you
phoned
yesterday,
I
was
playing
computer
games.
表示一个过去的动作正在进行，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when和while引导的状语从句连用。
主句+
when+主语+谓语动词+其他
while+主语+谓语动词+其他
持续性或短暂性
持续性
I
was
doing
my
homework
______
my
mom
came
in.
I
was
doing
my
homework
__________
my
mom
was
cooking.
when
when/while
point
3
He
was
continually
asking
questions.
The
two
brothers
were
frequently
quarreling.
She
was
always
coming
home
late.
表示过去反复出现的或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感彩，不强调动作正在进行。
常与always,
frequently,
continually,
constantly,
forever等词连用
point
4
We
were
leaving
very
early
so
we
packeed
the
night
before.
He
told
me
he
was
starting
tomorrow.
表示过去将要发生的动作
come,
go,
start,
leave,
arrive,
return,
work,
look
forward
to...
point
5
I
was
hoping
you
could
lend
me
your
computer.
I
was
wondering
if
you
could
help
me
the
problem.
展示客气、礼貌或用来表示故事情境。
hope,
want,
wonder等词
现在完成时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
现在完成时
have/has
v-ed
point
1
When
I
first
met
Mary
I
didn't
like
him,
but
I
have
changed
my
mind.
I
have
finished
my
work.
Let's
go
shopping
now.
表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个不明确的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果去现在仍有影响。
过去
现在
将来
already
次数
yet
before
recently
by
this
time
lately
ever
never
so
far
in
the
past/last
years
已经
还，仍然
最近
最近
从不
在过去的三年里
从前
到这个时候
曾经
到目前为止
point
2
John
has
lived
in
England
for
ten
years.
I
have
traveled
to
most
of
the
cities
in
China
since
five
years
ago.
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态且可能继续延续下去，这是只能用表示延续意义的的动词，常与for，since（ever
sinece,since
then
等）
过去
现在
将来
The
couple
have
married
for
3
years.
The
couple
have
been
married
for
3
years.
The
old
man
has
died
since
his
son
was
10
years.
The
old
man
has
been
dead
since
his
son
was
10
years.
×
√
×
√
buy
borrow
finish
leave
close
open
die
join
fall
asleep
marry
fall
ill
put
on
have
keep
be
over
be
away
be
closed
be
open
be
dead
be
in/be
a/an
be
asleep
be
married
be
ill
have
on/wear
have/has
been
to
have/has
gone
to
have/has
been
in
去过
去了
在某地待了多久（可以和for+时间段连用）
point
3
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
been
to
London.
It'll
be
the
first
time
that
I've
spoken
in
public.
特殊句型
It/This/That
is/will
be
the
first/second...time
that
+从句（现完）
过去完成时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
过去完成时
had
v-ed
point
1
When
I
arrived
there,
he
had
left.
The
film
had
begun
when
we
got
to
the
cinema
yesterday.
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
过去
现在
将来
by,
before,
when等引导的短语或从句，如by
that
time,
by
the
end
of...,
before...,
when
I
got
to
the
station等
He
had
learned
English
for
3
years
before
he
came
here.
point
2
I
had
meant
to
come,
but
it
rained
I
had
intended
to
come
to
the
party,
but
I
was
so
busy.
表示一个打算而未做的事情
hope,
think,
w,
mean,
expected,
intend...
point
2
Scarcely
had
the
game
started
when
it
began
to
rain.
I
had
hardly
arrived
at
the
station
when
the
train
left.
=Hardly
had
I
arrived
at
the
station
when
the
train
left.
特殊句型
句型一：Hardly/Scarcely
had...when...
No
sooner
had...than...
when,
than从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时
It
was
ten
years
since
we
had
met
last
time.
It
is
ten
years
since
we
met
last
time.
句型二：It
was
时间段
since
从句，since从句之后用过去完成时
It
was
thw
third
time
that
he
had
made
the
same
mistake.
句型三：This/That/It
was
the
first/second...
time
that+从句（过完）
过去将来时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
过去将来时
would/should
v-ed
He
said
he
would
go
to
the
north
for
the
holiday.
I
told
her
I
should/would
return
the
book
in
a
few
days.
现在
过去
将来
常与过去将来时连用的时间状语：
three
days
later
三天之后
the
next
week
第二周
the
following
day
第二天
过去将来时的其他表达方式
I
thought
it
was
going
to
rain.
He
told
me
he
was
going
to
learn
another
foreign
language.
（1）“was/were
going
to+动词原形”，表达过去曾经打算或假话将要做的事情或过去的客观迹象表明要发生的动作。
过去将来时的其他表达方式
He
said
he
was
to
finish
the
work
in
a
week.
We
were
to
do
whatever
they
told
us
to
do.
（2）“was/were
to+动词原形”，表示过去的按计划或安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的动作。
过去将来时的其他表达方式
We
were
about
to
go
into
the
cinema
when
Mary
appeared.
I
was
just
about
to
ask
you
the
same
thing.
（3）“was/were
about
to+动词原形”，表示过去即将要发生的动作
过去将来时的其他表达方式
David
was
leaving
for
Hawaii
a
few
hours
later.
（4）“was/were
doing”，表示过去将来时，用于几个表示位移的动词，如leave,
come,
go,
arrive等，表示过去预计要发生的动作。
将来进行时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
将来进行时
will/shall
+be+v-ing
I'm
not
really
sure
waht
I
will
be
doing
in
ten
years
from
now.
I
feel
so
excited!
At
this
time
tomorrow
morning
I
will
be
flying
to
Shangha.
常与将来进行时连用的时间状语：
by
then
到那时
at
this
time
tomorrow/the
day
after
tomorrow明天/后天的这个时间
at
nine
o'clock
net
Monday
在下周一九点
from
10:00
to
11:00
tomorrow.the
day
after
tomorrow
明天/后天从10点到11点
现在完成进行时的结构
主语
+
+
+其他
现在完成进行时
have/has
been+v-ing
She
has
been
saying
that
twenty
times.
现在完成时的用法
We
have
been
looking
for
you
for
an
hour.
（动作刚停止）
She
has
been
teaching
English
since
she
graduated.（动作可能还在继续）
（1）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行，对现在有影响。
现在完成时的用法
She
has
been
saying
that
twenty
times.
He
has
been
calling
on
her
several
times
this
week.
（2）表示从过去某时到说话时为止一直不停重复的动作，常带有赞美、厌烦等感彩。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
I
have
been
thinking
it
over.
I
have
thought
it
over.
（1）现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质
现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可以表示延续性。
我一直在考虑这件事。
我已经考虑完成这件事了。
I
have
known
her
for
a
long
time.
（2）一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时，如lie,
sit,
rain,
wait,
stand等。而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如see,
feel,
know,
love等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。
我认识她很久了。
I
have
been
reading
this
book
three
times.
I
have
read
this
book
three
times.
（3）现在完成进行时可以表示反复的不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示次数的词连用，表示反复的单可能有间断的动作。
(×)
(
√
)
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
（4）现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
（可能表示不满）
（说明一个事实）
语态
主动语态与被动语态的转换
主动语态：Rowling
wrote
Harry
Potter.
被动语态：Harry
Potter
was
wrote
by
Rowling.
（主语）（谓语）
（宾语）
（主语）
（谓语）
（状语）
（1）主语+谓语+宾语
The
government
supported
the
research.
政府支持这项研究。
变为被动句时，将宾语变为被动语态中的主语。
The
research
was
supported
by
the
government.
（2）主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
My
uncle
bought
me
a
new
computer.
将间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语的位置不变
把直接宾语变为被动句的主语，间接宾语前面加上介词to或for
I
was
bought
a
new
computer
by
my
uncle.
A
new
computer
was
bought
for
me
by
my
uncle.
She
told
me
when
the
project
would
start.
她告诉我工程什么时候开始。
当直接宾语时从句时，直接宾语不能变成被动语态的主语。
I
was
told
when
the
project
would
start.
When
the
project
would
start
was
told
to
me.
(
√
)
(×)
（3）主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补
People
call
this
team
a
cheerleading
squad.
人们把这个队叫作啦啦队。
将宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语的位置不变，也自然成为主语补足语。
This
team
is
called
a
cheerleading
squad.
I
saw
a
stranger
enter
the
hall.
在主动句中，使役动词have,
make,
let
以及感官动词see,
watch,
notice,
hear
feel,
observe等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，但变成被动句时，需加上to。
A
stranger
was
seen
to
enter
the
hall.
（4）含有be
going
to
do和be
to
do等结构的主动句变被动句
We
are
going
to
discuss
the
problem
at
the
meeting.
be
going
to---be
going
to
be
done
be
to
do---be
to
be
done
The
problem
is
going
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting.
They
are
to
show
this
new
film
on
TV
next
week.
This
new
film
is
to
be
shown
on
TV
next
week.
（5）含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句
We
know
that
he
is
the
best
dentist
in
the
town.
通常用it作被动句的形式主语，谓语改为be
done结构，宾语从句保留不变，也就自然成了主语从句。
It
is
known
to
us
that
he
is
the
best
dentist
in
the
town.
It
is
said
that...
It
is
reported
that...
It
is
believed
that...
It
is
thought
that...
It
is
well
known
that...
用it作形式主语的被动语态句型还有：
据说......
据报道......
人们相信......
人们认为......
众所周知......
（6）谓语为动词短语的主动句变为被动句
They
have
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
Saturday.
有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，这种结构也可以有被动语态，但不能把动词与其后的介词或副词拆开。
The
meeting
has
been
put
off
till
next
Saturday.
（7）双重被动结构
They
asked
as
to
discuss
the
problem
at
once.
句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词动作的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。
We
were
asked
to
discuss
the
problem
at
once.
The
problem
was
asked
to
be
discussed
at
once.
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
We
often
clean
the
house.
主语+am/is/are+过去分词
The
house
is
often
cleaned
by
us.
不同时态的被动语态
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
A
thief
stole
my
wallet
last
night.
主语+was/were+过去分词
My
wallet
was
stolen
by
a
thief
last
night.
（3）一般将来时的被动语态
His
company
and
fans
will
soon
abandon
him.
主语+will/shall
be+过去分词
He
will
soon
be
abandoned
by
his
company
and
fans.
（4）过去将来时的被动语态
She
hoped
that
the
company
would
give
her
a
more
suitable
job.
主语+would/should+be+过去分词
主语+was/were
to
be+过去分词
She
hoped
that
she
would
be
given
a
more
suitable
job.
（5）现在进行时的被动语态
The
worker
is
repairing
the
machine.
主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词
The
machine
is
being
repaired
by
the
worker.
（6）过去进行时的被动语态
The
worker
was
repairing
the
machine
at
this
time
yesterday..
主语+was/were+being+过去分词
The
machine
was
being
repaired
by
the
worker
at
this
time
yesterday.
（7）现在完成时的被动语态
We
have
finished
all
the
tasks.
主语+have/has+been+过去分词
All
the
tasks
has
been
finished
by
us.
（8）过去完成时的被动语态
She
said
that
people
had
never
used
this
airport.
主语+had+been+过去分词
She
said
that
this
airport
had
never
been
used.
（9）将来完成时的被动语态
We
will
have
finish
the
design
by
the
end
of
this
week.
主语+shall/will+have
+been+过去分词
The
design
will
have
been
finished
by
the
end
of
this
week.
谢谢倾听