译林版（2019）必修三 Unit1 Nature in the balance Reading 学案（无答案）

译林版（2019）高中英语：
必修三
Unit1
Nature
in
the
balance
Reading
学案
一．知识点梳理
1.The?human?race?has?done?much
harm.人类已造成很大伤害。
harm
（1）n.[U]伤害，损害
do?harm?to?sb/sth=do?sb/sth?harm
伤害某人/某物
there?is?no?harm?in?doing?sth=it?does?no?harm?to
do
sth
不妨做某事
The?court?case?will?do?serious?harm?to?my?business.
=
The?court?case?will
do?my?business?serious?harm.
这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
There?is
no
harm
in?giving
gifts?to?children,
but?they?should
not?be
rewards.=
It?does?no?harm?to?give?gifts?to?children，?but?they?should?not
be?rewards.
不妨给孩子送些礼物，?但是不应该把它们作为奖赏。
?
（2）vt.伤害，损害；危害
While?the?sun's?rays?can?age?and?harm?our?skin，?they?also?give?us
beneficial?Vitamin?D.
阳光虽然会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，?但也能为我们提供有益的维生素。
Many?people?suspect?that?all?the?rock?salt?used?every?winter?is?harming
the?environment.
许多人觉得每年冬天使用的岩盐正在危害环境。
联想词
①harmful?
adj有害的；?可致伤害的
be?harmful?to...
对……有害
Air?pollution?will?get?worse?and?this?will?be?harmful?to?people.
空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。
②harmless?
adj.无害的；?不会导致损伤的
单句语法填空
1.As?we?all?know，?eating?too?much
sugar
can
do
harm______children's
teeth.
2.It's
said
that
too
much
sunshine
is_____(harm)
to
one’s
skin.
3.You?can?hold?the?snake—it's_______.(harm)
2.The?forest's
different
levels
provide
food
and
shelter
for
an
unbelievable?variety?of?wildlife.
雨林的不同层次为种类多到难以置信的野生动物提供了食物和栖身之处。
（1）shelter
①n.[U]遮蔽；居所；庇护
[C]遮蔽物；庇护处
We?made?a?dash?through?the?rain?to?the?bus?shelter.
我们冒雨冲进公共汽车候车亭。
She?encouraged?a?sense?of?community?by?creating?shelters?and?promoting
education?and?services?for?people?in?need.
她通过为有需要的人建立收容所和促进教育及服务来鼓励社区意识。
常用搭配
under?the?shelter?of?sth
在某物的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下
take?shelter?from...
躲避……
They?enjoyed?their?picnic?under?the?shelter?of?the?tree.
他们在树荫下享受野餐。
We?took?shelter?from?the?storm?in?a?barn.
我们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨。
②vt.保护；掩蔽；收留
vi躲避(风雨或危险)
A?neighbour?sheltered?the?boy?for?seven?days.
一个邻居收留了那个男孩7天。
?
常用搭配
shelter?from...
躲避…
shelter...from...
保护….免受……
Trees?shelter?the?house
from?the?wind.
树为房子挡住了风。
联想词
sheltered?
adj.备受呵护的；?免遭恶劣天气影响的
单句语法填空
1.Some
parents
are
just?too
protective.They
want
to
shelter
their
kids______
every
kind?of?danger.
2.She?used
an
umbrella?to?take
shelter_______the?burning
sun.
3.We
sat
in
the
shade，________(shelter)
from?the?sun.
4.Mymother，?who
had
a_______(shelter)?upbringing(抚育)?，?has
fantastic?memories?of?childhood.
5.He
managed
to?build
a
little?hut?out
of
driftwood
to
shelter
himself________
bad
weather.
（2）variety
n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体…
This?variety?of?tomato?is
particularly?good.
这种番茄特别好。
Apples?come?in?a?great?many?varieties.
苹果的品种繁多。
常用搭配
a(wide/great/large)variety?of
各种各样的；?种类繁多的
Join?us?to?taste?a?variety?of?fresh?local?food?and?drinks.
与我们一起品尝各种新鲜的本地食物和饮料
?
特别注意
（1）“a?variety?of+复数名词”作主语时，?谓语动词通常用复数形式；
（2）“the?variety?of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”，?作主语时，?谓语动词用单数形式。
A?variety?of?flowers?are?on?show?here.
各种各样的花在这里展出。
The?variety?of?his?books?is?astonishing.
他的书品种之多让人惊叹。
联想词
①various?adj各种各样的
No?matter?what?you?like?to?do，?there?is?a
way?to?get?involved?in?various
activities?on?Earth?Day.
不管你喜欢做什么，?都有办法参与到地球日的各种活动中去。
②vary?v.(彼此)?相异；?变化；?多变
vary?from...to...从……到……之间变化/不等；?……和……不同
The?meaning?of?silence?varies?among?cultural?groups.
不同文化的群体对沉默的理解不同。
Ocean?colour?varies?from?green?to?blue，?depending?on?the?type?and
concentration?of?phytoplankton.
海洋的颜色在绿色到蓝色之间变化，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。
Typing
patterns
vary
from
person
to
person.
打字模式因人而异。
单句语法填空
1.The?students
in?my?class
come
from?a________（various）
of
different
backgrounds.
2.It
is
so
convenient
to
live
here
because
you
can
choose
_________(vary)
ways
of
getting
to
different
attractions.
3.The
doctor
encouraged
him
to
increase?the________(vary)of?the
food?he?eats.
4.There?are_______(vary)
kinds?of
themeparks，?with?adifferent?park?for
almost
everything：food，culture，
science，?cartoons，?movies?or?history.
5.CCM
organizes
a________of
events，including
performances
by
the
well-known
LaSalleQuartet，
CCM's
Philharmonic
Orchestra，?and
_________groups
of
musicians
presenting
Baroque
through
modern
music.(vary)
3.Above?that?is?the?mass?of?leaf?litter?on?the?dark?forest?floor.在那之上是深色的森林地面上的大量落叶。
mass
①n.[C]大量；团块，堆；一大群
Some?people?may?think?that?a?garden?is?no?more?than?plants，?flowers，patterns?and?masses?of?colour.
一些人或许认为花园无非是植物、花朵、布局以及纷繁多样的色彩。
There?were?masses?of?dark?clouds?in?the?sky.
天空布满团团乌云。
易混辨析a?mass?of与the?mass?of的区别
易混短语
含义及例句
a?mass?of=masses?of
意为“许多”，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
I’ve?a?mass?of?work?to?do.我有一大堆的工作要做。
the?mass?of=the?majority?of
意为“大多数”。The
war
is
strongly
opposed
by
the
mass
of
the
population.这场战争受到大多数人的强烈反对。
②n.the?masses群众
?If?we?are?to?succeed，we?must?rely
on?the?masses.
我们如果想要成功，就必须依靠群众。
③adj.(仅用于名词前)?大批的；?广泛的；?大规模的；?民众的
Their?latest?product?is?aimed?at?the?mass?market.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。
Scientists?have?tried?many?ways?to?solve?this?problem?and?in?China，?a?mass
campaign?has?been?started?to?help?solve?it.
科学家已尝试了多种方法来解决这个问题，中国就开展了一场大规模的运动来帮助解决这个问题。
联想词
massive?adj.厚重的；?巨大的
Gisan?exciting?mobile?technology，?which?will
give?a?massive?boost?to
smart?cities?and?vehicles.
5G是一项令人兴奋的移动技术，?它将极大地推动智能城市和智能交通工具的发展。
?单句语法填空
1.The
trains
provided
cheap
travel
for
the________(mass).
2.Wherever
the
singers
went,________(mass)
of?fans
would
welcome
them
at
the
airport.
3.______mass
of
people
are
in
favour
of?this
plan.
4.When
the
president's
flight
landed
_______mass
of
people
seemed
to
appear
out
of?thin
air.
4.Although?close?to?extinction?in?other?areas，?jaguars?can?still?survive
here.虽然在其他地区美洲豹近乎灭绝，?但它们仍能在这里生存。
survive
①vi生存，存活；继续存在
For?a?time，?a?few?birds?survived?under?human?care.
有一段时间，?一些鸟在人类的呵护下幸存了下来。
Ancient?farming?methods?still?survived?in?the?Middle
East?at?that?time.
当时在中东，古老的耕作方式依然存在。
常用搭配
survive?on...依靠……生存下来
I?dont?know?how?you?all?manage?to?survive?on?Jeremy's?salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样生活的。
②v.幸存，幸免于难；艰难渡过；比……活(或存在)的时间长
The?company?managed?to?survive?the?crisis.
公司设法度过了危机。
She?survived?her?husband?by?ten?years.
丈夫去世后，?她又活了10年。
联想词
①survivor?n.幸存者，?生还者
The?plane?crashed?in?an?area?of?dense?jungle.There?were?no?survivors.
飞机坠落在一个丛林茂密的地区，无人生还。
②survival?n.[U]?幸存
[C]?残余物；?幸存物
Trying?to?help?injured，?displaced?or?sick?creatures?can?be?heartbreaking：survival?is?never?certain.
努力救助这些受伤的、无家可归的或者生病的生灵可能会让人心碎，因为不是每次它们都可以存活下来。
The?ceremony?is?a?survival?from?pre-Christian?times.
这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。
单句语法填空
1.As
far
as
I
know，he
survived_______
a
small?bottle?of
water
in
the?desert.
2.In?the?traffic?accident，?the_______(survive)were
all?badly?injured.
3.If
cancers
are?spotted?early，?there's
a
high?chance?of________(survive).
4.Her?parents?died?in?the?accident，?but
she________(survive).
5.Not
everyone
has?realized?that?wildlife?has
thoughts，feelings，and
most?importantly，?equal
rights________(survive)?.
5.These?frogs，?in?turn，?feed?on?insects?which?eat?leaves?and?seeds.而这些青蛙则以吃树叶和种子的昆虫为食。
in?turn
相应地；转而；依次；轮流
There?were?cheers?for?each?of?the?women?as?they?spoke?in?turn.
女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。
联想拓展
含有turn的其他常见用法
by?turns
轮流地
in?one's?turn
轮到某人
make?a?left/right?turn
向左拐/右拐
take?turns?to
do
sth/(in)doing?sth
轮流做某事
It's?one's?turn?to
do
sth
轮到某人做某事
the?turn?of?the?year/century
新年伊始/世纪之交；?辞旧迎新之际
One?good?turn?deserves?another.
善有善报。
I?bought?the?last?ticket?in?my?turn.
轮到我的时候，?我买了最后一张票。
单句语法填空
?1.My
husband
and
I
usually
take
______(turn)
to
cook.
2.The
change
of?the
climate
makes
the
earth
warmer.________turn,
the
warmth
of
the
earth
changes
the
climate，too.
3.We?looked
after
the?little?boy____turns.
?
6.When?a?jaguar?dies，?a?tiny?army?of?microorganisms?helps?break
down?its?body?and?return?the?nutrients?to?the?earth.
当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的身体，并将营养物质送回土壤。
break
down使分解(为)?，?使变化(成)?；?消除；?打破；?出故障；?抛锚；失败；崩溃；垮掉
Old-fashioned?phones?matter?when?wireless?networks?break
down?in
disasters.
当无线网络在灾难中瘫痪时，?老式的电话就很重要了。
联想拓展
break的用法
①n.破裂；间歇；休息；中断；暂停
take/have?a?break
休息一会儿
without?a?break
连续不断地
②v.(broke，?broken)?(使)?破，?裂，?碎；?损坏；?中断
break?a?record
打破记录
break?one's?promise
食言
break
away?from
逃脱；?挣脱
break?in
强行进人；?打断谈话
break?into
强行闯人；?突然开始(笑、唱等)
break?off
折断；?停顿；?中断
break
out
爆发；?突然发生
break
through
突破；?冲破；?克服
break
up
解散；?(学校)?放假；?结束；?粉碎
单句语法填空
1.Don't?break
_______when?he
is
telling?the?story.
2.As?is?known
to?us，?plastic?bags
are
difficult?to?break_______.
3.Modern?music?has?broken________
from
18th-century?rules.
4.Last?night?somebody?broke________Mr?White's?house?and?took?away?a
lot
of
things.
5.Scientists?say
they?are?beginning
to
break_________in?the?fight
against
cancer.
6.The?two?friends?had
an?argument?that
broke________their
friendship
forever.
7.After?a
fire?broke_______in?the
lab，?a
lot?of?equipment?was?damaged.
8.We
were
discussing?our
plans，but
had
to
break__________when
the
telephone?rang.
7.Over?the?past?50??years，?17??percent?of?the?rainforest?has?disappeared
due?to?human?activities?such?as?agriculture?and?cattle?farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和放牧等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
（1）disappear?vi.不复存在，?灭绝；?消亡；?消失；?失踪
常用搭配
disappear?behind/under/into...
消失在……
disappear?from?sight/view
从视野中消失
She?watched?him?at?last?disappear?into?the?darkness?and?finally?shut
the?door?behind?her.
她望着他最后消失在黑暗中时，?才终于关上了她身后的门。
David?watched?her?car?until?it?di?appeared?from?view.
戴维一直望着她的车，直到它从视野中消失。
?
联想词
①disappearance?n.消失
Afew
years
later，still
attracted
to
th
ecountry，he
returned
to
Uzbekistan
to
write?an
article?about
the
disappearance?of?the?Aral?Sea.
几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
②appear?vi.出现
③appearance?n.出现；?外表；?容貌
单句语法填空
?1.The
old
man
shrugged
his
shoulders
and
disappeared
_____the
darkness.
2.She
was
still
waving
as
the
train
disappeared______view.
3.The?environmentalists
said
wild
goats’_________
(appear)on
the
vast
grasslands
was
a
good
indication
of
the?better
environment.
（2）due?to由于；?因为
Concern?about?the?loss?of?jobs?due?to?automation?is?not?new.
由于自动化而产生的对失业的担忧并不是什么新鲜事。
易混辨析due?to，?owing?to，?thanks?to与because?of的用法区别
易混词组
用法
due?to
可作状语、表语或后置定语，?一般不放在句首。The?sports?meeting
was?put?off?due?to?the?rain.运动会由于下雨而延期了。
owing?to
多作状语。Owning?to?his?careless?driving，?he?had?an?accident.由于他的粗心驾驶，他出了事故。
thanks?to
作状语，?多用于表达正面意义，?意为“多亏，?幸亏”。Thanks?to?your
help，?I?have?nished?the?work.多亏了你的帮助，?我完成了工作。
because?of
多作状语，?用来指出原因。He?is?absent?because?of?illness.他因病缺席。
联想拓展
due的用法
①adj.应付的，?到期的
Payment?is?due?on?1?October.
付款期限为10月1日。
②adj.预定的；?预期发生(到达)?的
be?due?to
do
sth
预计/预期做某事
Her?baby?is?due?next?month.
她的宝宝预计在下个月出生。
The?GDP?growth?rate?for?the?third?quarter?is?due?to?be?released?on?Oct.19.
第三季度的GDP增长率将于10月19日公布。
③adj.欠下的；?应给的
Have?they?been?paid?the?money?that?is?due?to?them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗?
No?matter?how?ordinary?a?job?is，?it?plays?apart?in?society?and?therefore
deserves?our?due?respect.
不管一份工作多么平凡，?它都在社会中发挥着作用，因此值得我们应有的尊重。
④adj.适当的
After?due?consideration?it?was?decided?to?send?him?away?to?live?with
foster?parents.
经过适当考虑之后，?(我)?决定将他送去与养父母生活。
8.As?the?impact?of?human?activities?continues?to?grow?and?the?list?of
species?in?danger?of?extinction?becomes?longer，?we?are?left?with?a
question：can
we
afford
to
damage
the“lungs
of
the
planet”?
人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗?
damage①vt
.损害；破坏
Several?buildings?were?damaged?in?the?earthquake.
几栋建筑在地震中遭到了破坏。
②n.[U]损坏；损失；破坏；[pl.]损害赔偿金
The?higher?the?oil?price?is，?the?more?damage?it?will?cause?to?the?global
economy.
油价越高，?它对全球经济造成的损害就越大。
He?was?ordered?to?pay?damages?totalling
&30，?000.
他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。
常用搭配
do/cause?damage?to...对……造成损害
If?mothers-to-be?choose?to?drink?alcohol，?it?can?cause?permanent
damage?to?a?baby?brain.
如果准妈妈们在孕期喝酒的话，?就会对宝宝的大脑造成永久性的伤害。
They?decided?to?drive?the?cow?away?before?it?did?more?damage.
他们决定在这头牛造成更多损失之前把它赶走。
单句语法填空
Theaccident?caused?some?damage______my?car，?but?there?is?nothing
serious.
2.Smoking
seriously_______(damage)
your?health.
3.Several
cars_________(damage)in
the?crash?which?happened?last
night.
4.His?doctor?told?me?that?his?nerves________
(damage)and
he
was
unconscious(昏迷的).
5.Actually，Severe
damage_______(do)
to
our
land
is
fairly
recent
in
the?history
of?our?evolution(进化)?.
?
二.句型梳理
1.The?Amazon?River,
from?which?the?rainforest?gets?its
name，?is?about?6，?400??kilometres?in?length-around?100?kilometres?longer?than?
the?Yangtze?River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，该河长度约为6，400千米，约比长江长100千米。
主句"介词+which”引导的定语从句
“介词+which”可引导定语从句，?同时在从句中充当时间、原因、方式等状语。
I’ll?never?forget?the?days?on?which?we?lived?together.
我永远忘不了我们一起生活的日子。
This?is?the?room?in?which?Leo?used?to?live.
这就是利奥以前住的那个房间。
The?English?play?in?which?my?students?acted?at?the?New?Year's?party?was
a?great?success.
那场在新年晚会上由我的学生表演的英语话剧获得了巨大的成功。
The?schools?themselves?admit?that?not?all?children?will?be?successful?in
the?jobs?for?which?they?are?being?trained.
学校自己承认，?并不是所有的孩子都能在他们接受培训的职业上成功。
Ours?is?a?beautiful?country，?of?which?we?are?greatly?proud.
我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到非常自豪。
单句语法填空
1.He?may?win?the?competition，_____
which?case?he?is?likely?to?get?into?the
national?team.
2.Care?of?the?soul
is
a
gradual
process
______which
even
the
small
details?of?life?should?be?considered.
3.With?the?help?of
curriculum?reform，
students
enjoy
a
variety
of
after-
school?activities，______which?up
to?half
are
aimed
at
strengthening
their
physical
strength
and
building
up?their?confidence.
4.I
bought
a
great
many
books，_______which
I
Spent
all
my
money?that?I?saved.
5.The?watch______which?I?paid?50?
dollars?was?stolen?by?the?thief.
6.Even?if?you
are?not?familiar?with?our
city，?the?road
signs
can
show?clearly
the?direction______which?you?are
driving.
2.As?the?impact?of?human?activities?continues?to?grow?and
the?list?of?species?in?danger?of?extinction?becomes?longer，we?are?left?with?a?question：can?we?afford?to?damage?the
“lungs?of?the?planet"?
随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗?
as引导的时间状语从句
此句中as引导时时间状语从句，可以换成when，?意思是“当…时候”。此外，as，as还有“正当；随着；一边……一边……”的意思。
I?saw?Peter?as?I
was
getting?off?the?bus.
正当我下公交车时，?我看到了彼得。
As?time
passed
things?seemed?to?get?worse.
随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更糟了。
He?whistled
as
he?had?a?bath.
他一边洗澡，?一边吹口哨。
?
三.课堂练习
四．课后练习