中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
成都中考语法复习专题:冠词
学习目标:
了解冠词在中考的考向
掌握不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法,并能熟练运用
一、冠词
地位:分析成都近11年中考真题可知,冠词为高频考点,其中不定冠词a考查过6次,不定冠词an仅在2017年31题考查过1次,定冠词the考查过
5次。考生在解答此类试题时,首先要分析语境,确定空格处是表泛指还是表特指;其次需掌握各类冠词的具体用法,并积累一些固定搭配。
考向1:不定冠词
1.
不定冠词a与an的区别:a用在以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前;an用在以元音音素开头的可数名词单数前。
2.
元/辅音音素≠元/辅音字母。切记判断一个单词是以元音音素开头,还是以辅音音素开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母。现将常见的以元音字母和辅音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况归纳如下:
A
a
an
apple;an
actor/actress;
an
artist;
an
astronaut;
an
amazing
singer;an
American
writer;
an
angry
voice
E
e
a:
a
European
countryan:an
engineer(2017A.31);
an
egg;
an
energetic
city;an
excellent
painter;
an
eight?year?old
boy
I
i
an
important
meeting;
an
idea
O
o
an
official;
an
outgoing
girl;
an
old
farmer;
an
orange
dress
U
u
a:a
useful
book;
a
usual
story;
a
university
studentan:an
unhappy
girl;an
umbrella;
an
ugly
man
特别记
an
honest
man;
an
hour
3.
不定冠词a/an的基本用法
用法
示例
表示类别,泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类
I
think
①
good
friend
makes
me
laugh.我认为一个好朋友能让我开怀大笑。
用于第一次提到的人或事物的名称前
I
saw
②
boy
over
there.
He
was
sleeping.我看见那边有个男孩。他在睡觉。
表示数量,相当于one或each
I
have
③
English
dictionary.
我有一本英语字典。
指某人或某物,但不具体指明哪个人或物
④
man
is
waiting
for
you
at
the
gate.
一个男人在门口等你。
用在such,
quite,
rather,
half,
what等词之后
such
⑤_________
busy
day如此忙碌的一天half
⑥_________hour
半小时
用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”
I
have
read
the
book
twice,
but
I
want
to
read
it
⑦________
third
time.
这本书我读了两遍,但我还想读第三遍。
用于一些物质名词前表示“一种”、“一场(雨、风、雪等)”
There
was
⑧________heavy
rain
yesterday.
昨天下了一场大雨。
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前
⑨_________
knife
and
fork
一副刀叉
用于表明比率、速度、价格,译为“每一”
He
was
driving
50
miles
an
hour.
他正以每小时50英里的速度开车。
4.
用于固定词组/搭配中
动词词组
come
to
an
end
结束
give
sb.
a
hand
帮助某人have
a
cold/fever感冒/发烧
have
a
good/great
time玩得愉快
keep
a
diary记日记
make
a
living/wish
谋生/许愿
pay
a
visit
to...
拜访……
take
a
walk/break
散步/休息一下
介词词组
all
of
a
sudden突然地
as
a
result
因此at
a
time一次
in
a
hurry匆忙in
a
moment立刻
in
a
word
总之
其他词组
a
cup/pair/piece/group/bottle
of一杯/双/张/组/瓶
a
little/few一点
a
lot
of许多
考向2:定冠词the
1.
定冠词the的基本用法
用法
示例
用于由限制性定语所修饰的某些特指的人或事物前
The
red
bag
on
the
desk
is
mine.桌子上的红包是我的。
特指上文提及的或谈话双方都知道的人或事物前
Please
hand
me
the
dictionary.请把字典递给我。
用在next,
last,
same,
only等词前
the
only
child唯一的孩子;the
next
moment下一刻
用在西洋乐器名称前
Can
you
play
the
guitar
or
the
piano?
你会弹吉他还是钢琴?
用在世界上独一无二的事物或表示自然现象的名词前,以及表示江河、海洋、山脉、群岛名称前
the
world世界;
the
sky天空;
the
rain雨;
the
earth地球;
the
wind风;
the
air空气;
the
sight景象;
the
Yangtze
River长江
用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物
The
panda
is
one
of
the
animals
in
danger.熊猫是濒危动物中的一种。
用于形容词前表示一类人或事物
the
old老人;
the
poor穷人;
the
rich富人
用在序数词前和形容词的最高级前(副词最高级前可以省略)
He
thinks
the
first
step
is
to
find
someone
you
trust
to
talk
to.他认为第一步是找一个你信任的人谈话。
用于姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻
The
Smiths
are
going
to
have
a
picnic
tomorrow.史密斯夫妇/一家人明天要去野餐
用在表示方位、地点、时间的名词前
in
the
east
在东方;in
the
morning
在早上
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the
Great
Wall长城;the
Summer
Palace
颐和园
2.
用于固定词组/搭配中
介词词组
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
at
the
same
time
同时by
the
way
顺便问一下
in
the
dark
在黑暗中in
the
distance
在远处
in
the
end
最后in
the
middle
of
在……中间
in
the
morning/afternoon
在早上/下午in
the
open
air
在户外
in
the
past
在过去in
the
way
挡道;碍事
on
the
right/left
在右边/左边
动词词组
go
to
the
cinema/movies
去电影院
go
to
the
station
去车站
考向3:零冠词
1.
零冠词的基本用法
用法
示例
在一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类、游戏名词前
after
supper/breakfast/lunch晚饭/早饭/午饭后play
football/basketball踢足球/打篮球 learn
English
学英语
在与by连用的交通工具名称前
by
train/bus
乘火车/公共汽车
职位、头衔、称呼前
He
will
be
made
captain
of
the
football
team.他将被选为足球队队长。
人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及公园、节日等专有名词前
Beijing
Street北京路;Baiyun
Airport白云机场;Teachers’
Day教师节
季节、月份、星期前
summer夏天;January一月;
Sunday星期日
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时
this
book这本书;my
son我的儿子;Jack’s
bike杰克的自行车
不可数名词、名词复数泛指某类人或物时
Students
should
obey
the
school
rules.学生应该遵守校规。
2.
用于固定词组/搭配中
介词词组
at
first/last
首先/最后
at
home
在家at
night/noon
在夜里/正午
in
danger
在危险中in
fact
事实上
in
time
及时on
foot
步行
on
earth
究竟,到底on
holiday
在度假
on
time
准时
动词词组
go
to
school/work
去上学/上班
have
fun
玩得开心
名词词组
day
and
night
日日夜夜
face
to
face
面对面hand
in
hand
手拉手地
step
by
step
一步一步地
【练习】
选择题。
1.?Newcastle?upon?Tyne?is?in?_____?north-east?of?England.
A.?a?
B.?an?
C.?the?
D.?(不填)
2
.
—
Look!
Who’s
boy
over
there?
—
Oh,
he
is
my
cousin,
Bob.
He
is
honest
boy.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
an
D.
a;
an
3.
Lee
Min-ho
is
actor
from
South
Korea.
He
sang
Chinese
pop
song
on
the
2014
CCTV
New
Year's
Gala.
A.
the;
an
B.
/;
the
C.
an;
a
D.
a;
/
4.
—
Have
you
seen
________
film
Where
are
We
Going,
Dad?
—
Yes,
it's
________
interesting
film!
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
an
C.
a;
an
D.
the;
the
5.
My
cousin
went
abroad
at
________
age
of
eighteen.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.不填
6.
Let's
take
______
photo!
Everyone,
cheese!
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
不填
7.
—
Will
you
get
there
by
________
bike?
—
No,
I
will
take
________bus.
A.
the;
a
B.
a;
the
C.
/;
a
8.
Doing
lots
of
listening
practice
is
one
of
________
best
ways
of
becoming
________
good
language
learner.
A.
the;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
a
D.
the;
不填
9.
Beijing
is
one
of
_________
biggest
cities
in
China.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
10.
I’m
going
to
be
___________basketball
player.
A.the
B.a
C.an
11.
We
can
live
a
better
life
if
we
create
less
polluted
world.
A.
the
B.
an
C.
a
D.不填
12.
Cathy
was
very
happy
to
meet
_________
old
friend
on
the
plane
to
Paris.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
13.
—
Mary,
who's
_________
woman
over
there?
—
She's
my
aunt,
_________
English
teacher.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
an
D.
a;
an
14.
If
we
sit
by
________
window
of
the
train,
we'll
have______better
view.
A.
/
;the
B.
/
;a
C.the;a
D.the;the
15.
—
Does
your
father
go
to
work
by
______
car
every
day?
—
No,
he
sometimes
takes
______
bus.
A.
A;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
a
D.
a;
不填
16.Jack,________
American
teacher,is
arriving
at
our
school
by
________
car.
A.a;the
B.an;不填
C.an;the
D.a;不填
17.—
Do
you
know
__________
boy
over
there?
—
Yes,
he
likes
playing
__________
basketball
very
much.
A.the;
不填
B.a;
the
C.a;
不填
D.the;
a
18.Jack's
hobby
is
to
play
chess.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
19.My
little
brother
Bob
hopes
to
travel
to
_______
space
in
the
future.
A.a
B./
C.the
20.—
Do
you
often
play
_______
piano?
—
Yes.
I
want
to
be
________
musician
like
Lang
Lang.
A.
the;
a
B.a;
the
C.
the;
an
21.What
________
good
news!
Our
school
band
(乐队)will
play
at
Harbin
Summer
Concert
in
August.
A.a
B.the
C./
22.—What
do
you
know
about
kite
surfing?
—It
is
_________
exciting
water
sport.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
CCCBC
ACBCB
CBCCC
BADCA
CB
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