高中英语语法三大从句之主讲定语从句学案（含答案）

中学英语三大从句
that
无意无用（宾语从句中常省略）
I.
Grammar
1)
连接词
if/whether
有意无用
名词性从句
wh-
how
有意有用
语序：陈述句语序：S
V.
时态（主要是宾语从句的时态受主句影响）
主用现将从不限，主过从过对应变，真金不怕火炼。
P/S.
在名词性从句中，whether
和
if
一般可互换，但下列情况下，whether
不可以用if
代替：
当介词或discuss
后接宾语从句时，只能用whether;
We
are
talking
about
whether
we
should
attend
a
lecture
on
Pompeii
tomorrow.
We
are
discussing
whether
we
should
attend
a
lecture
on
Pompeii
tomorrow.
2)当名词性从句用在句首作主语从句时，只能用whether;
Whether
the
work
can
be
completed
in
advance
is
doubtful.
3)与or
not
连用时，只能用whether;
I
don’t
know
whether
or
not
the
plane
will
take
off
in
such
foggy
weather.
4)
其后接动词不定式时，只能用whether。
He
was
still
hesitating
over
whether
to
go
or
to
stay.
定语从句：
定语从句：修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
3）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who,
whom,
which,
that和whose,
另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when,
where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
4）关系代词的用法
基本用法：
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语，宾语
Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
whom,
which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.
Smith
is
the
person
with
whom
I
am
working
The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war.
whose
人，物
定语
I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
The
boy
whose
father
works
abroad
is
my
classmate.
that
人，物
主语，宾语
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
She
is
the
pop
star
(that)
I
want
to
see
very
much.
which
物
主语，宾语
The
book
(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$10.
The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
as
人，物
主语，宾语
He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
As
you
know,she
is
a
stubborn
girl,and
I
can’t
persuade
her
to
change
her
mind.
My
grandpa
is
fond
of
talking
about
the
good
old
days,
as
is
often
with
old
people.
as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间；做宾语一般不省略；
as常用在一些固定结构中：
as
we
know/
as
is
known
to
all/
as
we
all
can
see
众所周知
as
is
often
the
case
情况常常是这样
as
has
been
pointed
out
正如所指出的那样
as
has
been
said
before/above
正如前文所述
as
often
happens
像往常一样
that与which,
who,
whom的用法区别：
情况
用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
先行词为all,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
little,
much,等不定代词时。
先行词被all,
any,
every,
each,
much,
little,
no,
some,
few等修饰时
先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
先行词被the
only,
the
very修饰时
句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
1.
He
told
me
everything
that
he
knows.
2.
All
the
books
that
you
offered
have
been
given
out.
3.
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
ever
read.
4.
We
talked
about
the
persons
and
things
that
we
remembered.
5.
He
is
the
only
man
that
I
want
to
see.
6.
Who
is
the
man
that
is
making
a
speech?
只用which,
who,
whom的情况
在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,
先行词为those,
one,
he时多用who。
1.
He
has
a
son,
who
has
gone
abroad
for
further
study.
2.
I
like
the
person
to
whom
the
teacher
is
talking.
3.
Those
who
respect
others
are
usually
respected
by
others.
5)关系副词的用法
①根据关系词在从句中所作成分选用关系副词/关系代词，主要取决于其在从句中所作的成分,如果表示时间、地点、原因的名词，在从句中不作状语，而作主语、宾语、表语时，用which/that。
I
still
remember
the
day
that
we
spent
together.
This
is
the
place
which
we
visited.
I
won’t
listen
to
the
reason
that
you
have
given
us.
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
He
came
at
a
time
when
we
needed
him
most.
We’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded.
=at/in/on/during
which
where
地点
状语
This
is
the
room
where
he
he
was
born.
=at/in/to
which
why
原因
状语
I
know
the
reason
why
she
studies
so
well.
=
for
which
②当先行词为by
the
time,
any
time,
every
time,
the
first
time,
the
last
time时，关系词不用when，而用that或省略。
例如：
This
is
the
last
time
that
I
shall
give
you
a
lesson.
By
the
time
he
was
14
he
had
learned
advanced
English.
③当先行词为way时，关系词用in
which，that或者省略。
She
didn’t
like
the
way(in
which/that)
you
told
me.
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
He
came
at
a
time
when
we
needed
him
most.
We’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded.
=at/in/on/during
which
where
地点
状语
This
is
the
room
where
he
put
up
for
the
night.
=at/in/to
which
why
原因
状语
I
know
the
reason
why
she
studies
so
well.
=
for
which
状语从句：在复合句中充当状语的句子。
在时间和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来。
从属连词
引导时间状语从句
when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as?soon?as
引导原因状语从句
because，since，as
引导条件状语从句
if，unless，once，so
long
as
引导目的状语从句
so?that，in?order?that
引导让步状语从句
although，though，even?if，even?though
引导地点状语从句
where，?wherever
引导比较状语从句
than，as
引导方式状语从句
as，as?if，as?though
引导结果状语从句
so，so?that，so...that...，such...that...
考场练兵
（一）用适当的连接词填空：
_______
music
can
be
played
during
break
times
will
be
decided
by
the
headmaster.
______
the
two
sides
should
have
different
opinions
about
aims
and
methods
is
natural.
_____
surprised
me
most
was
that
he
made
the
same
mistakes
again.
That
is
____I
didn’t
attend
the
meeting.
______
breaks
the
rule
must
be
punished.
The
possibility
___
the
majority
of
the
labor
force
will
work
at
home
is
often
discussed.
When
changing
lanes,
a
driver
should
use
his
turning
signal
to
let
other
drivers
know
_____
lane
he
is
entering.
____
the
article
is
talking
about
is
____
the
environment
should
be
better
protected.
It
is
still
under
discussion
____
or
not
the
old
bus
station
should
be
replaced
with
a
modern
restaurant.
____
he
is
late
for
school
is
more
than
I
can
tell.
____
is
going
to
attend
the
important
meeting
has
not
been
decided.
It
is
possible
____
they
will
complete
the
building
in
three
months.
The
news
___
a
professor
from
the
USA
will
visit
our
school
spreads
all
over
the
campus.
Some
people
are
interested
in
____
women’s
sense
of
smell
is
better
developed
than
that
of
men.
He
made
a
promise
___
if
I
passed
the
exam,
he
would
buy
me
a
new
cellphone.
16.______leaves
the
room
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.
.
17.___
is
a
fact
that
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.
18.
I
wonder
_____
we
can
do
about
the
big
problem.
19.What
she
couldn’t
understand
was
_____
fewer
and
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
20.
Go
and
get
your
coat．It's
________
you
left
it
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
Many
westerners
____
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
I
will
tell
you
a
second
story
____
sounds
very
exciting.
This
is
the
house
in
____
MO
Yan
once
lived.
Kate,
_____sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
I
like
those
books
______
topics
are
about
history.
We
all
admire
the
way
_____Tom
treats
his
children.
When
I
arrived,
Duran
took
me
to
see
the
house______
I
would
be
staying.
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
_____
the
weather
may
be
better.
I
don’t
know
the
reason
____he
didn’t
turn
to
his
good
friend
for
help
yesterday.
Nowadays
people
are
concern
about
the
environment
______
they
live.
____
their
parents
expect,
all
the
children
go
to
college.
The
old
man
has
two
sons,
both
of
_____
are
doctors.
In
1961
the
UN
set
up
the
world
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
Tell
me
everything
_____
you
know.
They
live
in
an
apartment
____
was
built
last
century.
（三）单句语法填空
1．He
will
come
to
call
on
you
when
he______(finish)
his
painting.
2．The
bikes
made
in
our
factory
are
better
than
____
made
in
theirs.
3．The
boy
is
running
impatiently
here
and
there
as
if_______(search)
for
something
lost
on
the
sports
ground.
4．Scarcely
had
he
gone
out
_____
it
started
to
snow.
5．He
made______
big
a
fire
that
the
room
was
quite
warm.
6．The
old
tower
must
be
saved，______
it
cost.
7．Tired
_______
he
was，I
decided
not
to
trouble
him.
8．It
will
take
us
another
five
years
_____
all
the
roads
are
repaired.
9．The
doctor
advised
me
to
live
_____
the
air
is
fresh.
10．It
was
______
he
was
ill
that
he
didn’t
attend
the
meeting.
（四）选择填空
I
don’t
know
___________or
not．
　　A．
whether
he
is
at
home　　　　　　B．
if
he
is
at
home
　　C．
that
he
is
at
home　　　　　　　
D．
whether
is
he
at
home
2.The
teacher
asked
the
new
student
________
class
he
was
in．
　　A．
which　　　
B．
where　　　C．
if　　　　　
D．
that
3.－－－
Be
careful！
Don’t
break
the
bottles．
Do
you
hear
______
I
said?
David?
　
－－－
Yes，
Mum
　　A．
what　
B．
that　
C．
why　
D．
if
4.Are
you
interested
in
_____?
A．
how
did
he
do
it　　
B．
he
did
it
how　
C．
how
he
did
it　D．
he
how
did
it
5.Excuse
me，
sir．
Could
you
tell
me
____?
　　A．
Where
the
bank
nearest　　　　B．
where
is
the
nearest
bank
　　C．
where
the
nearest
bank
is　　　D．
the
nearest
bank
is
where
6.She
asked
Tom
________
with
his
car?
　　A．
what
the
matter
was　　　B．
what
the
matter
is
　　C．
what
was
the
matter　　　D．
what
is
the
matter
7.It’s
7：30．
I
can’t
believe
you___
cooking
dinner
yet，
Sally．
A．
haven’t
started　
B．
didn’t　
C．
don’t
start　
D．
hadn’t
started
8.The
teacher
told
us
yesterday
that
December
25
____Christmas
Day．
?
A．
is　　B．
was　　
C．
has
been　　D．
will
be
9.　
The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
_______round
the
sun．
　　
A．
goes　　B．
go　
C．
went　
D．
will
go
10.Our
father
said
that
he
______
a
new
computer
next
week．
　　
A．
will
buy　
B．
have
bought　　C．
would
buy　
D．
buys
11.It
doesn’t
matter
_________
tomorrow.
A.
whether
will
he
be
back
B.
whether
he’ll
be
back
C.
how
will
he
be
back
D.
how
he
will
back.
12.
The
reason
why
he
was
absent
was
______he
needed
to
approach
an
important
matter.　　
A.
that
B.
why
C.
because
D.
whether
13.
What
you
he
said
______
impolite.
A.
sound
B.
sounds
C.
is
sound
D.
was
sounded
14.Mary
suddenly
got
the
feeling
_______
someone
was
watching
her.?
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whether
D.
that
15.There
is
some
doubt
________
she
will
come.?
A.
if
B.
what
C.
that
D.
whether
16._______the
house
will
be
built
will
be
discussed
at
tomorrow's
meeting.
A.
If
B.
Where
C.
That
D.
What
17.
It
looks
_______
it
were
going
to
rain.
A.
even
if
B.
as
if
C.
even
though
D.
like
18.
That
is
_______
he
likes
the
place
so
much.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
why
D.
how
19.
We
thought
_______
strange
that
Tom
did
not
come
yesterday.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
this
D.
what
20.It
is
well
known
_________
a
person
eats
causes
changes
in
the
body.
A.
when
B.
that
C.
what
D.
how
21.
Now
there
is
a
danger
________
the
ground
may
fall
in
(沉下)
under
the
heavy
traffic.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
X
D.
that
22.
Last
Sunday
he
made
a
promise
________
he
was
free
he
would
take
me
to
Qingdao.
A.
if
B.
that
C.
that
if
D.
whether
23._______we'll
finish
translating
the
book
depends
on
the
time.
A.
When
B.
Why
C.
What
D.
That
24.____he
does
has
nothing
to
do
with
me.
A.
whatever
B.
No
matter
what
C.
That
D.
If
25.Energy
is
____makes
thing
work..
A.
what
B.
something
C.
anything
D.
that
26.
____he
will
go
to
work
in
a
mountain
village
surprises
all
of
us.
A.
What
B.
That
C.
Whether
D.
If
27.
If
you
know___
it
was
that
write
A
Tale
of
Two
Cities,
raise
your
hand.
A.
whom
B.
which
C.
who
D.
that
28.That
is___
I
was
born
and
grew
up.
A.
There
B.
in
which
C.
where
D.
the
place
29.
It
is
widely
______that
smoking
can
cause
cancer.
A.
believed
B.
think
C.
say
D.
hoped
30.
I
firmly
believe___
he
said
at
the
meeting
was
right.
A.that
B.
which
C.
that
what
D.
what
that
参考答案
(一）用适当的连接词填空：
1.whether
2.
That
3.
What
4.
because
5.
Whoever
that
7.
which
8.
What,
that
9.
whether
10.
Why
Who
12.
that
13.
that
14.
whether
15.
that
16.Whoever
17.It
18.what
19.why
20.where
（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：
1.who
2.
that
3.
which
4.
whose
5.whose
6.
that
7.where
8.
when
9.
why
10.
where
11.
As
12.
whom
13.
whose
14.
that
15.
which
（三）单句语法填空
1.
finishes
2.
those
3.
searching
4.
when
5.
so
6.
or
7.
as
8.
that
9.
where
10.because
（四）选择填空：
1∽5
AAACC
6∽10
CAAAC
11∽15
BABDD
16∽20
BBCBC
21∽25
DCAAA
26∽30
BCCAC