2022届高考英语语法复习:虚拟语气课件(18张ppt)

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名称 2022届高考英语语法复习:虚拟语气课件(18张ppt)
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更新时间 2021-08-19 11:03:22

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(共18张PPT)
高考英语语法复习
——虚拟语气
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的分类
在表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望时,动词需用一种特殊形式,称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气在形式上大致分为三类:
1)
现在虚拟语气——主要用动词原形:
Good
bless
you.
愿上帝保佑你。
It
is
essential
that
the
ban
be
lifted.
解除禁令至关重要。
She
petitioned
the
king
that
her
father
be
pardoned.
她恳求国王赦免她的父亲。
2)
过去虚拟语气——和陈述语气的过去式相同,但动词be要用were形式:
Imagine
your
child
played
truant.
设想你的孩子逃学。
She
treated
me
as
though
I
were
(was)
a
stranger.
她待我如陌生人。
If
only
I
were
not
so
nervous.
我要是不那么紧张就好了。
3)
过去完成形式——和陈述语句中的过去完成时相同:
I
wish
I
hadn’t
done
so.
但愿我没这样做。
If
I
had
seen
her,
I
would
have
told
her.
如果我见到她,我就会告诉她了。
If
only
I
had
listened
to
your
advice.
我要是听了你的劝告就好了。
有些情态动词,特别是should,would,might,could常用在虚拟语气中。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
虚拟条件句
包含条件从句的句子都是条件句,有些条件句是可能实现的,如:
If
I
have
time
I’ll
come
over
to
see
you.
如果我有时间我就来看你。
If
we
leave
now,
we
can
still
catch
the
train.
如果我们现在动身,还可能赶上火车。
I
won’t
go
to
the
party
unless
they
invite
me.
除非他们邀请我,否则我不会参加这个晚会。
If
you
are
waiting
for
a
bus
you’d
better
join
the
queue.
如果你是在等车,你最好排队。
If
he
has
written
the
letter,
I’ll
post
it.
如果他已把信写好,我就去发。
这种条件句称为真实条件句(Sentences
of
Real
Condition)。另有一些条件句表示纯然假想的情况,称为虚拟条件句(Sentences
of
Unreal
Condition),在这类条件句中谓语动词就需要用虚拟语气:
If
I
hadenough
money,
I
would
buy
a
computer.
如果我有足够的钱,我将买一台电脑。(但我没有)
If
you
had
arrived
a
little
earlier,
you
would
have
seen
her.
你要是早来一会儿就见到她了。
表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句
1)
表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句,动词形式可以下表表示:
条件从句中的谓语
主语谓语
相当于过去式形式
would
+动词原形
这类句子或表示与事实相反的情况或实现可能性不大的情况:
If
I
had
a
map
I
would
lend
it
to
you.
如果我有地图我就借给你。(但我没有)
If
you
left
your
bicycle
outside,
someone
would
steal
it.
如果你把自行车放在外边,有人会偷的。(当然你不会这样做)
If
I
dyedmy
hair
blue
everyone
would
laugh
at
me.
如果我把头发染成蓝色,谁都会笑我的。(当然我不会干这样的傻事)
If
I
lived
near
my
office,
I’d
walk
to
work.
如果我住在办公室附近,我就会步行上班。
If
I
were
you
I’d
plant
some
trees
round
the
house.
如果我是你,我会在房子周围种些树。
Note:在if
I
were
you
这样的句子中,were不能改成was,但在第三人称单数后(如最后一句)用was也可以。
2)
在主句中谓语有时也可用might,could构成:
If
you
tried
again
you
might
succeed.
如果再试一次,你可能会成功。
If
I
could
type,
I
might
save
a
lot
of
time.
如果我会打字,我可能会节省大量时间。
If
I
knew
her
number
I
could
ring
her
up.
我要是知道她的号码我就能给她打电话。
If
he
had
a
permit
he
could
get
a
job.
如果他有许可证,他可以找到一份工作。
3)
在条件从句中有时还可以用“were
to
+不定式”(a)或“should
+不定式”(b)这两种形式:
a.
If
he
were
(was)
to
resign,
who
would
take
his
place?
如果他要辞职,谁来接替他?
If
I
were
to
dothe
job,
I
would
do
it
in
a
different
way.
要是我来做这工作,我会是另一种做法。
b.
If
you
should
have
any
difficulty
in
getting
the
medicine,
(you
could)
ring
this
number.
如果你找这种药有困难,(你可以)拨打这个电话。
If
the
toys
should
arrive
in
a
damaged
condition,
please
inform
us
at
once.
如果这些玩具运到时有损坏,请立即通知我们。
在后面这类句子中,主语的谓语有时可用祈使语气(见上例),或用陈述语气:
If
I
should
be
free
tomorrow,
I
will
come
to
see
you.
如果明天我有空我会来看你的。
4)
在某些条件从句(如包括were和should的从句)中,if有时可省略,这时语序要改为倒装:
Were
I
Tom
I
would
refuse.
如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
Were
I
in
your
shoes
I
would
let
him
know
what
I
thought
of
him.
如果我处于你的地位,我会让他知道我对他的看法。
Should
you
require
anything
just
give
me
a
ring.
你要是需要什么就给我打个电话。
Should
she
be
interested,
I’ll
phone
her.
如果她有兴趣,我会给她打电话。
5)
从句有时可用If
it
were
not
for
这种句型,表示“若不是”:
If
it
weren’t
for
your
help,
we
would
be
in
serious
trouble.
若不是你帮忙,我们会遇到大麻烦。
Were
it
not
for
their
loan,
our
life
would
be
very
difficult.
要不是有他们的贷款,我们的生活会很困难。
You
wouldn’t
be
anywhere
if
it
weren’t
for
Ruth.
要不是露丝你不会有任何成就。
6)
在极少情况下,从句中的谓语可用动词原形,主句中的谓语可用陈述语气:
If
any
person
be
found
guilty,
he
shall
have
the
right
of
appeal.
如果有人被判定有罪,他应有上诉权。
If
that
bethe
official
view,
it
cannot
be
accepted.
如果这是官方的看法,这是不能接受的。
If
any
vehicle
be
found
parked
on
these
premises,
it
shall
be
towed
away.
如果发现有车停在此处,它将被拖走。
这是比较大气的说法,口语中很少使用。
本节课结束
同学们,再见!