2021年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编 3 阅读理解 健康环保类（含答案与解析）

（3）阅读理解-健康环保类——2021年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、
【2021年全国甲卷，阅读B】
Port
Lympne
Reserve,
which
runs
a
breeding(繁育)programme,
has
welcomed
the
arrival
of
a
rare
black
rhino
calf(犀牛幼息).
When
the
tiny
creature
arrived
on
January
31,
she
became
the
40th
black
rhino
to
be
born
at
the
reserve.
And
officials
at
Port
Lympne
were
delighted
with
the
new
arrival,
especially
as
black
rhinos
are
known
for
being
difficult
to
breed
in
captivity(圈养).
Paul
Beer,
head
of
rhino
section
at
Port
Lympne,
said:
"Obviously
we're
all
absolutely
delighted
to
welcome
another
calf
to
our
black
rhino
family.
She's
healthy,
strong
and
already
eager
to
play
and
explore.
Her
mother,
Solio,
is
a
first—time
mum
and
she
is
doing
a
fantastic
job.
It's
still
a
little
too
cold
for
them
to
go
out
into
the
open,
but
as
soon
as
the
weather
warms
up.
I
have
no
doubt
that
the
little
one
will
be
out
and
about
exploring
and
playing
every
day."
The
adorable
female
calf
is
the
second
black
rhino
born
this
year
at
the
reserve,
but
it
is
too
early
to
tell
if
the
calves
will
make
good
candidates
to
be
returned
to
protected
areas
of
the
wild.
The
first
rhino
to
be
born
at
Port
Lympne
arrived
on
January
5
to
first—time
mother
Kisima
and
weighed
about
32
kg.
His
mother,
grandmother
and
great
grandmother
were
all
born
at
the
reserve
and
still
live
there.
According
to
the
World
Wildlife
Fund,
the
global
black
rhino
population
has
dropped
as
low
as
5500,
giving
the
rhinos
a
"critically
endangered"
status.
1.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
breeding
programme?
A.
Costly.
B.
Controversial.
C.
Ambitious.
D.
Successful.
2.
What
does
Paul
Beer
say
about
the
new—born
rhino?
A.
She
loves
staying
with
her
mother.
B.
She
dislikes
outdoor
activities.
C.
She
is
in
good
condition
D.
She
is
sensitive
to
heat.
3.
What
similar
experience
do
Solio
and
Kisima
have?
A.
They
had
their
first
born
in
January.
B
.They
enjoyed
exploring
new
places
C.
They
lived
with
their
grandmothers.
D.
They
were
brought
to
the
reserve
young
4.
What
can
be
inferred
about
Porn
Lympne
Reserve?
A.
The
rhino
section
will
be
open
to
the
public.
B.
It
aims
to
control
the
number
of
the
animals.
C.
It
will
continue
to
work
with
the
World
Wildlife
Fund.
D.
Some
of
its
rhinos
may
be
sent
to
the
protected
wild
areas.
二、【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷，阅读C】
When
the
explorers
first
set
force
upon
the
continent
of
North
America,
the
sky
and
lands
were
alive
with
an
astonishing
variety
of
wildlife.
Native
Americans
had
taken
care
of
these
precious
natural
resources
wisely.
Unfortunately,
it
took
the
explorers
and
the
servitor
who
followed
only
a
few
decades
to
decimate
a
large
part
of
these
resources.
Millions
of
waterfowl(水禽)
were
killed
at
the
hands
of
market
hunters
and
a
handful
of
overly
ambitious
sportsmen.
Millions
of
acres
of
wetlands
were
dried
to
feed
and
house
the
ever-increasing
populations,
greatly
reducing
waterfowl
habitat(栖息地).
??
?In
1934,
with
the
passage
of
the
Migratory
Bird
Hunting
Stamp
Act
(Act),
an
increasingly
concerned
nation
took
firm
action
to
stop
the
destruction
of
migratory(迁徙的)
waterfowl
and
the
wetlands
so
vital
to
their
survival.
Under
this
Act,
all
waterfowl
hunters
16
years
of
age
and
over
must
annually
purchase
and
carry
a
Federal
Duck
Stamp.
The
very
first
Federal
Duck
Stamp
was
designed
by
JN.
"Ding"
Darling,
a
political
cartoonist
from
Des
Moines,
lowa,
who
at
that
time
was
appointed
by
President
Franklin
Roosevelt
as
Director
of
the
Bureau
of
Biological
Survey.
Hunters
willingly
pay
the
stamp
price
to
ensure
the
survival
of
our
natural
resources.
??
?About
98
cents
of
every
duck
stamp
dollar
goes
directly
into
the
Migratory
Bird
Conservation
Fund
to
purchase
wetlands
and
wildlife
habitat
for
inclusion
into
the
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System—a
fact
that
ensures
this
land
will
be
protected
and
available
for
all
generations
to
come.
Since
1934,
better
than
half
a
billion
dollars
has
gone
into
that
Fund
to
purchase
more
than
5
million
acres
of
habitat.
Little
wonder
the
Federal
Duck
Stamp
Program
has
been
called
one
of
the
most
successful
conservation
programs
ever
initiated.
1.What
was
a
cause
of
the
waterfowl
population
decline
in
North
America?
A.Loss
of
wetlands.
B.Popularity
of
water
sports.
C.Pollution
of
rivers.
D.Arrival
of
other
wild
animals.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
"decimate"
mean
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.Acquire.
B.Export.
C.Destroy.
D.Distribute.
3.What
is
a
direct
result
of
the
Act
passed
in
1934?
A.The
stamp
price
has
gone
down.
B.The
migratory
birds
have
flown
away.
C.The
hunters
have
stopped
hunting.
D.The
government
has
collected
money.
4.Which
of
the
following
is
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.The
Federal
Duck
Stamp
Story.
B.The
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System.
C.The
Benefits
of
Saving
Waterfowl.
D.The
History
of
Migratory
Bird
Hunting.
三、【2021年全国乙卷，阅读C】
You've
heard
that
plastic
is
polluting
the
oceans—between
4.8
and
12.7
million
tonnes
enter
ocean
ecosystems
every
year.
But
does
one
plastic
straw
or
cup
really
make
a
difference?
Artist
Benjamin
Von
Wong
wants
you
to
know
that
it
does.
He
builds
massive
sculptures
out
of
plastic
garbage,
forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to
single-use
plastic
products.
???
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
the
artist
built
a
piece
called
"Strawpocalypse,"
a
pair
of
10-foot-tall
plastic
waves,
frozen
mid-crash.
Made
of
168,000
plastic
straws
collected
from
several
volunteer
beach
cleanups,
the
sculpture
made
its
first
appearance
at
the
Estella
Place
shopping
center
in
Ho
Chi
Minh
City,
Vietnam.
???
Just
9%
of
global
plastic
waste
is
recycled.
Plastic
straws
are
by
no
means
the
biggest
source(来源)
of
plastic
pollution,
but
they've
recently
come
under
fire
because
most
people
don't
need
them
to
drink
with
and,
because
of
their
small
size
and
weight,
they
cannot
be
recycled.
Every
straw
that's
part
of
Von
Wong's
artwork
likely
came
from
a
drink
that
someone
used
for
only
a
few
minutes.
Once
the
drink
is
gone,
the
straw
will
take
centuries
to
disappear.
???
In
a
piece
from
2018,
Von
Wong
wanted
to
illustrate
(说明)
a
specific
statistic:
Every
60
seconds,
a
truckload's
worth
of
plastic
enters
the
ocean.
For
this
work,
titled
"Truckload
of
Plastic,"
Von
Wong
and
a
group
of
volunteers
collected
more
than
10,000
pieces
of
plastic,
which
were
then
tied
together
to
look
like
they'd
been
dumped(倾倒)
from
a
truck
all
at
once.
???
Von
Wong
hopes
that
his
work
will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint.
1.What
are
Von
Wong’s
artworks
intended
for?
A.Beautifying
the
city
he
lives
in.
B.Introducing
eco-friendly
products.
C.Drawing
public
attention
to
plastic
waste.
D.Reducing
garbage
on
the
beach.
2.Why
does
the
author
discuss
plastic
straws
in
Paragraph
3?
A.To
show
the
difficulty
of
their
recycling.
B.To
explain
why
they
are
useful.
C.To
voice
his
views
on
modern
art.
D.To
find
a
substitute
for
them.
3.What
effect
would
"Truckload
of
Plastic"
have
on
viewers?
A.
Calming.
B.Disturbing
C.
Refreshing
D.Challenging.
4.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Artists'
Opinions
on
Plastic
Safety
B.Media
Interest
in
Contemporary
Art
C.Responsibility
Demanded
of
Big
Companies
D.Ocean
Plastics
Transformed
into
Sculptures
四、【2021年陕西西安二模，阅读A】
TOWN
OF
MIDDLEBOROUGH
RUBBISH/RECYCLE
INFORMATION
RUBBISH
COLLECTION
CURBSIDE(路边回收)
Your
household
rubbish
is
collected
weekly
on
your
regular
collection
day.
All
residents
using
rubbish
barrels
must
have
covers
on
them
to
prevent
rain/snow
water
buildup
inside.
Please
note
the
following
list
of
items
that
will
NOT
be
picked
up
by
the
Sanitation
Division:
●?
Medical
Waste
or
Mercury-Call
Health
Department
at
508-946-2408
●?
Containers
with
sharp
edges
or
bottoms.
●?
Metals,
furniture
or
building
materials.
●?
Recyclable
material.
RECYCLE
COLLECTION
CURBSIDE
Your
recyclables
will
be
collected
every
other
week
on
your
regular
collection
day.
Failure
to
put
your
recyclables
out
on
the
assigned
day
causes
"double
pick-up”.
Please
help
us
to
keep
costs
down.
Items
for
curbside
collection:
●?
Newspapers
and
magazines
●?
Cardboard-Cereal
Boxes,
Pasta
Boxes,
Shoe
Boxes,
Etc.
●?
Cans
and
plastics
(NO
CHILDREN'S
TOYS)
●?
Clear
and
colored
glass
(only
brown
&
green)
How
to
prepare
items
for
curbside
collection:
●?
Paper
Products—please
wrap
them
in
plastic
grocery
bags
to
protect
from
rain
and
wind.
●?
Cans,
plastics
and
clear
and
colored
glass—CLEAN.
All
rubbish
/
recyclables
must
be
out
at
curbside
by
7:00
a.m.
on
your
regular
scheduled
collection
day.
1.How
often
is
household
rubbish
collected
in
the
town?
A.Every
day.
B.Every
other
day.
C.Every
week.
D.Every
other
week.
2.Which
of
the
following
recyclables
will
be
collected?
A.An
overdue
journal.
B.An
old
smartphone.
C.A
plastic
toy
truck.
D.A
yellow
drinking
glass.
3.What
should
the
residents
do
when
they
dump
their
recyclables?
A.They
should
try
to
keep
the
pick-up
costs
down.
B.They
should
have
them
all
cleaned
before
dumping.
C.They
should
dump
them
by
7:00
a.m.
beside
their
houses.
D.They
should
have
paper
products
covered
in
plastic
bags.
五、
【2021年陕西西安二模，阅读D】
Scientists
have
discovered
an
astonishing
number
of
Antarctic
blue
whales
in
the
waters
off
the
coast
of
South
Georgia,
an
island
in
the
South
Atlantic
Ocean,
suggesting
decades
of
conservation
efforts
are
paying
off.
During
a
23-day
survey,
a
team
of
researchers
from
the
British
Antarctic
Survey(BAS)
counted
55
animals.
Dr.
Trevor
Branch,
a
scientist
from
the
University
of
Washington,
who
specializes
in
studying
blue
whales,
said
the
number
was
truly
amazing.
In
the
last
century,
Antarctic
blue
whales
were
nearly
hunted
to
extinction
for
their
blubber,
a
thick
layer
of
fat
that
marine
animals
have
under
their
skin
to
keep
their
bodies
warm.
Hunters
used
the
blubber
for
oil
to
use
in
products
like
soap
or
fuel
for
oil
lamps.
Around
South
Australia,
more
than
33000
whales
are
believed
to
have
been
killed.
A
hunting
ban
was
introduced
in
1966,
but
by
that
time
the
whales
were
critically
endangered.
In
2018
there
were
reported
to
be
only
around
3000
Antarctic
blue
whales
left.
These
sightings
by
the
BAS
team,
helped
by
scientists
from
the
University
of
Auckland
in
New
Zealand,
are
a
positive
sign
that
the
population
is
increasing.
“In
a
period
of
40
or
50
years,
I
only
had
records
for
two
sightings
of
blue
whales
around
South
Georgia,”
Dr.
Branch
told
the
reporter.
“So
to
go
from
basically
nothing
to
55
in
one
year
is
astonishing.”
The
cold
water
around
South
Georgia
has
always
been
popular
with
whales
because
it
is
crowded
with
krill,
tiny
shrimp-like
creatures
that
are
the
whales’
favorite
food.
The
high
count
was
so
unusual
that
other
scientists
wondered
whether
it
was
a
one-off,
perhaps
caused
by
usually
high
number
of
krill
temporarily
attracting
whales
from
other
areas.
However,
Dr.
Jennifer
Jackson
from
BAS
says
the
quantity
of
krill
was
no
different
from
other
years.
She’s
confident
the
population
growth
shown
in
the
recordings
is
real
and
down
to
the
protection
that
the
whales
now
have.
This
remains
to
be
seen,
but
it
is
highly
suggested
that
when
the
next
assessment
is
released,
most
likely
at
the
end
of
2021,
it
could
show
a
further
increase
in
the
number
of
Antarctic
blue
whales.
With
the
comeback
of
the
whale,
this
could
be
an
inspiration
for
environmental
campaigns
that
still
have
progress
to
make.
1.Para.
3
is
mainly
about
______.
A.the
danger
that
blue
whales
faced.
B.the
efforts
to
save
blue
whales.
C.the
importance
of
blue
whales.
D.the
effect
of
the
hunting
ban.
2.What
can
we
infer
about
the
blue
whales
from
the
passage?
A.They
will
not
be
endangered
in
the
near
future.
B.The
number
of
them
rises
because
their
food
increases.
C.More
conservation
activities
will
be
held
to
protect
them.
D.The
coast
of
South
Georgia
offered
them
suitable
temperature.
3.As
for
other
scientists’
opinion
on
the
high
count,
Dr.
Jennifer
Jackson
is
______.
A.supportive
B.disapproving
C.fearful
D.uncertain
4.What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.Blue
Whales
Makes
Surprise
Comeback
B.An
Amazing
Secret
of
Blue
Whales
C.The
Best
Way
to
Protect
Blue
Whales
D.Blue
Whales
Set
New
Trends
in
Conservation
六、【2021年天津滨海新区模拟，阅读B】
In
2018,
the
state
of
California
was
on
fire.
Alexandria
Villase?or,
who
was
13
at
the
time,
witnessed
the
destruction
of
Northern
California’s
Camp
Fire,
which
would
go
on
to
burn
more
than
150,000
acres
of
land.
Villase?or
was
scared.
“That’s
when
I
found
out
how
important
climate
education
was,”
she
reflected.
“And
just
how
much
we
lacked
climate
education
these
past
couple
of
years.”
Villase?or,
now
15,
is
determined
to
have
a
bigger
conversation.
She
quickly
realized
the
fight
requires
international,
government-level
changes.
For
her,
what
started
as
local
concern
turned
into
a
year-long
protest
in
front
of
the
United
Nations’
New
York
City
headquarters
and
a
global
campaign
for
more
compulsory
climate
education.
She
sat
on
a
bench
in
front
of
the
headquarters,
pleading(恳求)
for
the
world’s
leaders
to
take
climate
change
seriously.
Her
action
received
national
attention,
with
millions
of
other
students
around
the
world
joining
in
the
movement.
“It’s
completely
unacceptable
to
not
learn
anything
about
our
planet
and
our
environment
in
school,
after
all
the
young
people
would
“inherit”
the
Earth.”
Villase?or
said,
“That’s
why
I
think
that
climate
education
is
so
important,
and
that’s
why
I
focus
a
lot
on
it
now.”
Right
now,
Villase?or
is
working
with
the
Biden-Harris
administration
on
its
climate
plan,
which
has
promised
to
center
the
needs
of
young
people
and
communities
most
impacted
by
climate
change.
She
even
spoke
at
the
2020
Democratic
National
Convention.“That
was
definitely
a
huge
moment
when
I
realized
that
people
were
listening
to
the
voices
of
me
and
youth
climate
activists,”
Villase?or
said.
When
she
isn’t
connecting
with
her
fellow
youth
activists
or
holding
elected
officials
accountable
to
the
climate
concerns
of
their
young
voters,
Villase?or
is
like
most
other
teens.
“My
favorite
thing
to
do,
of
course,
is
sleep”
she
said.
“
I
like
to
read,
a
lot.
I
like
fantasy
books,
normally.
I
also
like
to
write.”
1.What
made
Villase?or
realize
the
lack
of
climate
education?
A.The
state
of
California.
B.The
fire
disasters
in
America.
C.150,000
acres
of
land
scaring
her.
D.The
severe
Camp
fire
in
California.
2.What
does
the
underlined
part
“have
a
bigger
conversation”
mean?
A.To
talk
with
more
local
people
to
change
their
mind.
B.To
convey
her
belief
loudly
to
more
global
students.
C.To
call
on
local
people
to
fight
with
the
leaders.
D.To
protest
to
leaders
at
home
and
abroad
to
make
changes.
3.We
can
infer
from
the
passage
that_________.
A.Villase?or
turned
her
original
appeal
into
a
lasting
and
widespread
one
B.Villase?or
thinks
the
world's
leaders
have
taken
climate
change
seriously
C.Millions
of
students
around
the
world
are
joining
in
the
movement
D.Young
people
should
do
more
things
for
the
earth
so
as
to
inherit
it
4.Which
of
the
following
facts
gives
Villase?or
a
sense
of
achievement?
A.That
she
is
working
with
the
Biden-Harris
administration
on
its
climate
plan.
B.That
her
and
other
youth
climate
activists’
opinions
caught
people’s
attention.
C.That
she
can
sleep
and
read
in
her
spare
time.
D.That
more
schools
have
set
up
climate
courses.
5.What
is
this
passage
mainly
about?
A.The
15-year-old
activist
fighting
for
better
climate
education.
B.Climate
education
deserves
everyone’s
attention
around
the
world.
C.A
young
girl
and
her
climate
education.
D.Young
activists
make
their
voices
heard.
七、
【2021年河北唐山模拟，阅读C】
Masks
that
helped
save
lives
are
proving
a
deadly
danger
for
wildlife,
with
birds
and
sea
creatures
trapped
in
the
shocking
number
of
thrown
—
away
facial
coverings.
Single-use
masks
have
been
found
around
pavements,
waterways
and
beaches
worldwide.
Worn
once,
the
thin
protective
materials
can
take
hundreds
of
years
to
decompose
(分解)."Face
masks
aren't
going
away
any
time
soon
—
but
when
we
throw
them
away,
these
items
can
harm
the
environment
and
the
animals,
"
Ashley
Fruno
of
animal
rights
group
PETA
said.
In
Britain,
a
gull
was
rescued
by
the
RSPCA
after
its
legs
became
tangled
in
the
straps
(带子)of
a
mask
for
up
to
a
week.
The
animal
welfare
charity
took
it
to
a
wildlife
hospital
for
treatment
before
its
release.
The
biggest
impact
may
be
in
the
water.
More
than
1.5
billion
masks
made
their
way
into
the
world's
oceans
last
year,
accounting
for
around
6,200
extra
tonnes
of
ocean
plastic
pollution,
according
to
environmental
group
Oceans
Asia.
Conservationists
in
Brazil
found
one
mask
inside
the
stomach
of
a
penguin
after
its
body
was
washed
up
on
a
beach,
while
a
dead
pufferfish
was
discovered
caught
inside
another
off
the
coast
of
Miami.
French
campaigners
found
a
dead
crab
trapped
in
a
mask
near
the
Mediterranean.
Masks
and
gloves
are
"particularly
problematic"
for
sea
creatures,
says
George
Leonard,
chief
scientist
from
NGO
Ocean
Conservancy.
"When
those
plastics
break
down
in
the
environment,
they
then
enter
the
food
chain
and
impact
entire
ecosystems.95
he
added.
There
has
been
a
shift
towards
greater
use
of
reusable
cloth
masks
as
the
pandemic
(疫情)has
worn
on,
but
many
are
still
using
the
lighter
single-use
varieties.
Campaigners
have
urged
people
to
bin
them
properly
and
cut
the
straps
to
reduce
the
risk
of
animals
becoming
trapped.
Oceans
Asia
has
also
called
on
governments
to
increase
fines
for
littering
and
encourage
the
use
of
washable
masks.
1.What's
Paragraph
1
mainly
about?
A.The
problem
of
littering
masks.
B.The
long
time
to
break
down
masks.
C.The
threat
of
masks
to
wildlife.
D.The
protective
use
of
masks
to
people.
2.What
did
the
animal
welfare
charity
do
to
the
gull?
A.They
gave
first
aid
to
the
bird.
B.They
released
the
bird
at
once.
C.They
kept
the
bird
for
about
a
week.
D.They
sent
the
bird
to
hospital.
3.How
is
Paragraph
4
developed?
A.By
providing
examples.
B.By
giving
explanations.
C.By
making
comparisons.
D.By
analyzing
causes.
4.Which
measure
has
been
taken
to
help
solve
the
problem?
A.Forbidding
the
use
of
single-use
masks.
B.Wearing
reusable
cloth
masks.
C.Cutting
the
masks
up
before
throwing.
D.Increasing
fines
for
binning
masks.
答案以及解析
一、答案：1-4DCAD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知,林姆尼港自然保护区在一月份迎来了在保护区内出生的第四十头黑犀幼崽,而众所周知,黑犀是难以圈养繁育的,所以可判断该繁育项目是成功的。
2.细节理解题。本题问及Paul
Beer关于新出生的黑犀说了什么。现将选项内容和文中线索进行对比分析,具体如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
×
Paul
Beer并未提及黑犀幼崽喜欢和妈妈待在一起,A项属于无中生有。
B
×
根据第二段中的"It's
still
a
little
too
cold
for
them
to
go
out
into
the
open...
I
have
no
doubt
that
the
little
one
will
be
out
and
about
exploring..."可知,目前外面的天气太冷不适合黑犀幼崽外出,并不是她不喜欢户外活动,B
项属于曲解文意。
C
√
根据第二段中的"She's
healthy,
strong
and...
"可知,黑犀幼崽的健康状况良好。
D
×
Paul
Beer并未提及黑犀幼崽对高温敏感,D项属于无中生有。
3.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"When
the
tiny
creature
arrived
on
January
31"和第二段中的"Her
mother,
Solio,is
a
first-time
mum
and
she
is
doing
a
fantastic
job."可知,Soli。是在一月份第一次当妈妈的;根据第三段第二句
"The
first
rhino
to
be
born
at
Port
Lympne
arrived
on
January
5
to
first-time
mother
Kisima
and
weighed
about
32kg.
"可知,Kisima也是在一月份第一次产下幼崽。
4.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“but
it
is
too
early
to
tell
if
the
calves
will
make
good
candidates
to
be
returned
to
protected
areas
of
the
wild”可知,要判断这些黑犀幼崽能否成为被送回到野生保护区的候选者还为时尚早。因此可推断出,部分犀牛可能会被送回到野生保护区。
二、答案：1-4
ACDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,水禽数量减少的其中一个原因是,为了养活不断增长的人口以及给他们提供居住地,数百万英亩的湿地干涸了,水禽的栖息地大大减少了。
2.词义推测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,北美大陆上原先有着非常丰富的动物资源;而根据第一段最后两句可知,在探险者和随后的定居者到来之后,这里的水禽遭到猎杀,栖息地也减少;再根据画线词所在句的关键词
Unfortunately可知,此处指野生动物资源遭到毁坏。
decimate与destroy意思相近,意为"破坏;毁坏"。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,1934年,
随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过,每1美元鸭票中约有98美分直接给了候鸟保护基金用来购买湿地和野生动物栖息地。由此可知,政府收集到了钱。
4.标题归纳题。本题问的是文章的合适标题。本文主要讲述的是美国鸭票的故事。具体分析如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
√
文章主要介绍了美国鸭票的由来、实施及成果等,故A项最能概括全文。
B
×
the
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System
只是在最后一段提及,不适合作为文章标题,故B项错误。
C
×
文中并未详细介绍拯救水禽的好处,故C项错误。
D
×
文中没有详细描述“捕杀迁徙鸟类的历史”,D
项无中生有,不能作为文章标题。
三、答案：1-4CABD
解析：1.细节理解题。本题问及本杰明制作艺术作品的目的是什么。现将选项内容与文中线索进行对比分析。具体如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
×
文中未涉及该信息,故排除A项。
B
×
文中提到本杰明的艺术作品是通过收集的塑料制成,故其作品本身并不环保,且文中也未介绍环保产品,因此B项错误。
C
√
根据文中第一段最后一句可知,本杰明想通过自己的作品来引起人们对塑料污染的关注。
D
×
文中未提到该信息,故排除D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,全球仅有9%的塑料垃圾可以回收利用,塑料垃圾回收难度大,而对塑料吸管的介绍更加说明了这一点。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知,
"Truckload
of
Plastic"让观看者感觉这些垃圾会从一辆卡车上一次性倾倒下来,再结合第一段尾句和最后一段可推知,
这件作品会引起观看者的不安,才会让他们关注塑料污染。
4.标题归纳题。文章主要讲述加拿大摄影师本杰明通过自己的塑料艺术品让人们意识到塑料给海洋带来的污染,故选D项。
四、答案：1.C;
2.A;
3.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Your
household
rubbish
is
collected
weekly
on
your
regular
collection
day.(你的家庭垃圾会在每周的定期收集日被收集)”可知,镇上每周会收集一次家庭垃圾。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据Items
for
curbside
collection部分中“Cardboard-Cereal
Boxes
,
Pasta
Boxes,Shoe
Boxes,Etc.
(纸箱、麦片盒、意大利面盒、鞋盒等)”可知,A选项“一个耐克盒子”可回收物品会被收集。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据How
to
prepare
items
for
curbside
collection
部分中“Paper
Products—please
wrap
them
in
plastic
grocery
bags
to
protect
from
rain
and
wind.
(纸制品——请用塑料购物袋包装,以防风雨打湿)”可知,当居民倾倒可回收垃圾时,他们应该用塑料袋包装纸制品。故选D。
五、答案：1.A;
2.C;
3.B;
4.A
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第三段"In
the
last
century,
Antarctic
blue
whales
were
nearly
hunted
to
extinction
for
their
blubber,
a
thick
layer
of
fat
that
marine
animals
have
under
their
skin
to
keeptheir
bodies
warm.
Hunters
used
the
blubber
for
oil
to
use
in
products
like
soap
or
fuel
for
oil
lamps.Around
South
Australia,
more
than
33000
whales
are
believed
to
have
been
killed.
A
hunting
ban
was
introduced
in
1966,
but
by
that
time
the
whales
were
critically
endangered.
In
2018
there
were
reported
to
be
only
around
3000
Antarctic
blue
whales
lef.(在上个世纪,南极蓝鲸因其鲸脂而几近灭绝。鲸脂是海洋动物皮下用来保暖的一层厚厚的脂肪。猎人用鲸脂作为油,用于制作肥皂或油灯燃料等产品。在南澳大利亚,超过33000头鲸鱼被捕杀。1966
年开始禁止捕杀鲸鱼,但那时鲸鱼已经濒临灭绝。据报道,2018
年南极蓝鲸只剩下约3000头)"可知,第3段主要是关于蓝鲸曾经所面临的危险。故选A.
2.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"She's
confident
the
population
growth
shown
in
the
recordings
is
suggested
that
when
the
next
assessment
is
released,
most
likely
at
the
end
of
2021,
it
could
show
a
further
increase
in
the
number
of
Antarctic
blue
whales.
With
the
comeback
of
the
whale,
this
could
be
an
inspiration
for
environmental
campaigns
that
still
have
progress
to
make.(她相信,记录中显示的数量增长是真实的,而且归功于鲸鱼现在受到的保护。这还有待观察,但强烈建议,当下一次评估发布时,很可能是在2021年底,它可能会显示南极蓝鲸的数量进一步增加。随着鲸鱼的回归,这可能会对仍有进展的环保运动有所启发)"可推知,将会举行更多的保护活动来保护蓝鲸。故选C.
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"The
high
count
was
so
unusual
that
other
scientists
wondered
whether
it
was
a
one-off,
perhaps
caused
by
usually
high
number
of
krill
temporarily
atracting
whales
from
other
areas.
However,
Dr.
Jennifer
Jackson
from
BAS
says
the
quantity
of
krill
was
no
different
from
other
years.(这种高计数是如此不寻常,以至于其他科学家怀疑这是否是一次性的,也许是由于通常大量的磷虾临时捕杀其他地区的鲸鱼造成的。然而,BAS的詹妮弗?杰克逊博士说,磷虾的数量与其他年份没有什么不同。)"可推知,Jennifer
Jackson
博士对其他科学家的看法表示反对。A.
supportive支持的;B.
disapproving不赞成的;C.
fearful可怕的;D.
uncertain不确定的。故选B.
4.?标题归纳题。根据第一段"Scientists
have
discovered
an
astonishing
number
of
Antarctic
blue
whales
in
the
waters
off
the
coast
of
South
Georgia,
an
island
in
the
South
Atlantic
Ocean,suggesting
decades
of
conservation
efforts
are
paying
off.(科学家在南大西洋的南乔治亚岛附近海域发现数量惊人的南极蓝鲸,这表明数十年的保护努力正在取得成效)"结合文章主要说明了蓝鲸曾经所面临的危险,以及研究人员对这一现象的看法。可知,故B选项"蓝鲸数量出人意料地有所恢复"最符合文章标题。故选A。
六、答案：1.D;
2.D;
3.A;
4.B;
5.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Alexandria
Villasenor,
who
was
13
at
the
time,
witnessed
the
destruction
of
Northern
California's
Camp
Fire,
which
would
go
on
to
burn
more
than
150,000
acres
of
land.
Villasenor
was
scared.
“That’s
when
I
found
out
how
important
climate
education
was,”
she
reflected.
“And
just
how
much
we
lacked
climate
education
these
past
couple
of
years.”(当时13岁的Alexandria
Villasenor目睹了北加州营火的毁灭,这场大火将烧毁超过15万英亩的土地。Villasenor很害怕,她反思道:“那时我才发现气候教育有多么重要,以及过去几年我们有多缺乏气候教育。”)”可知,是加利福尼亚严重的营火让Villasenor意识到气候教育的缺乏。故选D。
2.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“She
quickly
realized
the
fight
requires
international,
government-level
changes.
For
her,
what
started
as
local
concern
turned
into
a
year-long
protest
in
front
of
the
United
Nations'
New
York
City
headquarters
and
a
global
campaign
for
more
compulsory
climate
education.
She
sat
on
a
bench
in
front
of
the
headquarters,
pleading
for
the
world's
leaders
to
take
climate
change
seriously.(她很快意识到,这场斗争需要国际社会和政府层面的变革。对她来说,一开始只是当地的担忧,后来演变成了在联合国纽约总部门前长达一年的抗议活动,以及一场要求更多气候义务教育的全球运动。她坐在总部大楼前的长凳上,呼吁世界各国领导人认真对待气候变化问题)”可知,15岁的Villasenor决定向国内外领导人提出抗议,要求做出改变,即划线部分意思是“向国内外领导人提出抗议,要求做出改变”。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中“For
her,
what
started
as
local
concern
turned
into
a
year-long
protest
in
front
of
the
United
Nations'
New
York
City
headquarters
and
a
global
campaign
for
more
compulsory
climate
education.(对她来说,一开始只是当地的担忧,后来演变成了在联合国纽约总部门前长达一年的抗议活动,以及一场要求更多气候义务教育的全球运动)”以及第三段中“Her
action
received
national
attention,
with
millions
of
other
students
around
the
world
joining
in
the
movement.(她的行动引起了全国的关注,世界各地数百万其他学生加入了这项运动)”可推知,Villasenor把她最初的吸引力变成了持久和广泛的吸引力。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““That
was
definitely
a
huge
moment
when
I
realized
that
people
were
listening
to
the
voices
of
me
and
youth
climate
activists,”
Villasenor
said.(“当我意识到人们在倾听我和青年气候活动家的声音时,那绝对是一个重大时刻,”
Villasenor说)”可知,Villasenor和其他青年气候活动家的观点引起了人们的注意,这给了Villasenor一种成就感。故选B。
5.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Right
now,
Villasenor
is
working
with
the
Biden-Harris
administration
on
its
climate
plan,
which
has
promised
to
center
the
needs
of
young
people
and
communities
most
impacted
by
climate
change.
She
even
spoke
at
the
2020
Democratic
National
Convention.(目前,Villasenor正在与Biden-Harris政府合作制定气候计划,该计划承诺将以受气候变化影响最严重的年轻人和社区的需求为中心。她甚至在2020年民主党全国代表大会上发言)”及对15岁的Alexandria
Villasenor的奋斗过程的介绍,可知,这篇文章主要讲述了这位15岁的活动家为更好的气候教育而奋斗的故事。故选A。
七、答案：1.C;
2.D;
3.A;
4.B
解析：1.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Masks
that
helped
save
lives
are
proving
a
deadly
danger
for
wildlife,
with
birds
and
sea
creatures
trapped
in
the
shocking
number
of
thrown-away
facial
coverings.
Single-use
masks
have
been
found
around
pavements,
waterways
and
beaches
worldwide.
Worn
once,
the
thin
protective
materials
can
take
hundreds
of
years
to
decompose.
“Face
masks
aren't
going
away
any
time
soon—but
when
we
throw
them
away,
these
items
can
harm
the
environment
and
the
animals,”
Ashley
Fruno
of
animal
rights
group
PETA
said.(曾经帮助拯救生命的面具,现在被证明对野生动物是致命的危险,鸟类和海洋生物被困在数量惊人的丢弃的面部覆盖物中。在世界各地的人行道、水道和海滩上都发现了一次性口罩。一旦磨损,这种薄的保护材料需要几百年才能分解。动物权利组织PETA的Ashley
Fruno说:“口罩不会在短时间内消失——但当我们扔掉它们时,这些东西会损害环境和动物。)”可知,第一段主要讲了口罩对野生动物的威胁。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The
animal
welfare
charity
took
it
to
a
wildlife
hospital
for
treatment
before
its
release.(在它被释放之前,这家动物福利慈善机构把它送到一家野生动物医院进行治疗)”可知,动物福利慈善机构把这只海鸥送到了医院。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段“Conservationists
in
Brazil
found
one
mask
inside
the
stomach
of
a
penguin
after
its
body
was
washed
up
on
a
beach,
while
a
dead
pufferfish
was
discovered
caught
inside
another
off
the
coast
of
Miami.
French
campaigners
found
a
dead
crab
trapped
in
a
mask
near
the
Mediterranean.
Masks
and
gloves
are
“particularly
problematic”
for
sea
creatures,
says
George
Leonard,
chief
scientist
from
NGO
Ocean
Conservancy.
“When
those
plastics
break
down
in
the
environment,
they
then
enter
the
food
chain
and
impact
entire
ecosystems.”
he
added.(巴西的环保人士在一只企鹅的尸体被冲上海滩后,在它的胃里发现了一个口罩,而迈阿密海岸的另一只企鹅的胃里发现了一条河豚的尸体。法国活动人士在地中海附近发现了一只被困在口罩中的死螃蟹。非政府组织海洋保护协会的首席科学家George
Leonard表示,口罩和手套对海洋生物来说“尤其成问题”。“当这些塑料在环境中分解,它们就会进入食物链,影响整个生态系统。”他补充道)”可推知,第四段是通过举例子来展开的。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There
has
been
a
shift
towards
greater
use
of
reusable
cloth
masks
as
the
pandemic
has
worn
on,
but
many
are
still
using
the
lighter
single-use
varieties.(随着新冠大流行的结束,人们开始更多地使用可重复使用的布口罩,但许多人仍在使用较轻的一次性口罩品种)”可知,已经采取了佩戴可重复使用的口罩的措施来帮助解决这个问题。故选B。