2021年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编 8 阅读理解 社会现象类（含答案与解析）

（8）阅读理解-社会现象类——2021年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编
一、
【2021年浙江卷7月，阅读B】
We
live
in
a
town
with
three
beaches.
There
are
two
parks
less
than
10
minutes'
walk
from
home
where
neighbourhood
children
gather
to
play.
However,
what
my
children
want
to
do
after
school
is
pick
up
a
screen—any
screen—and
stare
at
it
for
hours.
They
are
not
alone.
Today's
children
spend
an
average
of
four
and
a
half
hours
a
day
looking
at
screens,
split
between
watching
television
and
using
the
Internet.
In
the
past
few
years,
an
increasing
number
of
people
and
organisations
have
begun
coming
up
with
plans
to
counter
this
trend.
A
couple
of
years
ago,
film-maker
David
Bond
realised
that
his
children,
then
aged
five
and
three,
were
attached
to
screens
to
the
point
where
he
was
able
to
say
"chocolate"
into
his
three-year-old
son's
ear
without
getting
a
response.
He
realised
that
something
needed
to
change,
and,
being
a
London
media
type,
appointed
himself
"marketing
director
for
Nature".
He
documented
his
journey
as
he
set
about
treating
nature
as
a
brand
to
be
marketed
to
young
people.
The
result
was
Project
Wild
Thing,
a
film
which
charts
the
birth
of
the
Wild
Networks
group
of
organisations
with
the
common
goal
of
getting
children
out
into
nature.
"Just
five
more
minutes
outdoors
can
make
a
difference,"
David
Bond
says.
"There
is
a
lot
of
really
interesting
evidence
which
seems
to
be
suggesting
that
if
children
are
inspired
up
to
the
age
of
seven,
then
being
outdoors
will
be
a
habit
for
life.
"
His
own
children
have
got
into
the
habit
of
playing
outside
now:
"We
just
send
them
out
into
the
garden
and
tell
them
not
to
come
back
in
for
a
while."
Summer
is
upon
us.
There
is
an
amazing
world
out
there,
and
it
needs
our
children
as
much
as
they
need
it.
Let
us
get
them
out
and
let
them
play.
1.What
is
the
problem
with
the
author's
children?
A.They
often
annoy
the
neighbours.
B.They
are
tired
of
doing
their
homework.
C.They
have
no
friends
to
play
with.
D.They
stay
in
front
of
screens
for
too
long.
2.How
did
David
Bond
advocate
his
idea?
A.By
making
a
documentary
film.
B.By
organizing
outdoor
activities.
C.By
advertising
in
London
media.
D.By
creating
a
network
of
friends.
3.Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word
"charts"
in
Paragraph
2?
A.records
B.predicts
C.delays
D.confirms
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Let
Children
Have
Fun
B.Young
Children
Need
More
Free
Time
C.Market
Nature
to
Children
D.David
Bond:
A
Role
Model
for
Children
二、
【2021年全国甲卷，阅读D】
Who
is
a
genius?
This
question
has
greatly
interested
humankind
for
centuries.
Let's
state
clearly:
Einstein
was
a
genius.
His
face
is
almost
the
international
symbol
for
genius.
But
we
want
to
go
beyond
one
man
and
explore
the
nature
of
genius
itself.
Why
is
it
that
some
people
are
so
much
more
intelligent
or
creative
than
the
rest
of
us?
And
who
are
they?
In
the
sciences
and
arts,
those
praised
as
geniuses
were
most
often
white
men,
of
European
origin.
Perhaps
this
is
not
a
surprise.
It's
said
that
history
is
written
by
the
victors,
and
those
victors
set
the
standards
for
admission
to
the
genius
club.
When
contributions
were
made
by
geniuses
outside
the
club—women,
or
people
of
a
different
color
or
belief—they
were
unacknowledged
and
rejected
by
others.
A
study
recently
published
by
Science
found
that
as
young
as
age
six,
girls
are
less
likely
than
boys
to
say
that
members
of
their
gender(性别)are
“really,
really
smart.”
Even
worse,
the
study
found
that
girls
act
on
that
belief:
Around
age
six
they
start
to
avoid
activities
said
to
be
for
children
who
are
“really,
really
smart.”
Can
our
planet
afford
to
have
any
great
thinkers
become
discouraged
and
give
up?
It
doesn't
take
a
genius
to
know
the
answer:
absolutely
not.
Here's
the
good
news.
In
a
wired
world
with
constant
global
communication,
we're
all
positioned
to
see
flashes
of
genius
wherever
they
appear.
And
the
more
we
look,
the
more
we
will
see
that
social
factors(因素)like
gender,
race,
and
class
do
not
determine
the
appearance
of
genius.
As
a
writer
says,
future
geniuses
come
from
those
with
“intelligence,
creativity,
perseverance(毅力),
and
simple
good
fortune,
who
are
able
to
change
the
world."
1.
What
does
the
author
think
of
victors'
standards
for
joining
the
genius
club?
A.
They're
unfair.
B.
They're
conservative.
C.
They're
objective.
D.
They're
strict.
2.
What
can
we
infer
about
girls
from
the
study
in
Science?
A.
They
think
themselves
smart.
B.
They
look
up
to
great
thinkers.
C.
They
see
gender
differences
earlier
than
boys.
D.
They
are
likely
to
be
influenced
by
social
beliefs
3.
Why
are
more
geniuses
known
to
the
public?
A.
Improved
global
communication.
B.
Less
discrimination
against
women.
C.
Acceptance
of
victors'
concepts.
D.
Changes
in
people's
social
positions.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Geniuses
Think
Alike
B.
Genius
Takes
Many
Forms
C.
Genius
and
Intelligence
D.
Genius
and
Luck
三、
【2021年全国乙卷，阅读B】
When
almost
everyone
has
a
mobile
phone,
why
are
more
than
half
of
Australian
homes
still
paying
for
a
landline(座机)
???
These
days
you'd
be
hard
pressed
to
find
anyone
in
Australia
over
the
age
of
15
who
doesn't
own
a
mobile
phone.
In
fact
plenty
of
younger
kids
have
one
in
their
pocket.
Practically
everyone
can
make
and
receive
calls
anywhere,
anytime.
???
Still,
55
percent
of
Australians
have
a
landline
phone
at
home
and
only
just
over
a
quarter(29%)
rely
only
on
their
smartphones,
according
to
a
survey(调查).
Of
those
Australians
who
still
have
a
landline,
a
third
concede
that
it's
not
really
necessary
and
they're
keeping
it
as
a
security
blanket
-
19
percent
say
they
never
use
it
while
a
further
13
percent
keep
it
in
case
of
emergencies.
I
think
my
home
falls
into
that
category.
???
More
than
half
of
Australian
homes
are
still
choosing
to
stick
with
their
home
phone.
Age
is
naturally
a
factor(因素)-only
58
percent
of
Generation
Ys
still
use
landlines
now
and
then,
compared
to
84
percent
of
Baby
Boomers
who've
perhaps
had
the
same
home
number
for
50
years.
Age
isn't
the
only
factor;
I'd
say
it's
also
to
do
with
the
makeup
of
your
household.
???
Generation
Xers
with
young
families,
like
my
wife
and
I,
can
still
find
it
convenient
to
have
a
home
phone
rather
than
providing
a
mobile
phone
for
every
family
member.
That
said,
to
be
honest
the
only
people
who
ever
ring
our
home
phone
are
our
Baby
Boomers
parents,
to
the
point
where
we
play
a
game
and
guess
who
is
calling
before
we
pick
up
the
phone
(using
Caller
ID
would
take
the
fun
out
of
it).
???
How
attached
are
you
to
your
landline?
How
long
until
they
go
the
way
of
gas
street
lamps
and
morning
milk
deliveries?
1.What
does
Paragraph
2
mainly
tell
us
about
mobile
phones?
A.
Their
target
users.
B.Their
wide
popularity.
C.
Their
major
functions.
D.Their
complex
design.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
"concede"
in
paragraph
3
mean?
A.
Admit.
B.
Argue.
C.Remember.
D.Remark.
3.What
can
we
say
about
Baby
Boomers?
A.
They
like
smartphone
games.
B.They
enjoy
guessing
callers'
identity.
C.They
keep
using
landline
phones.
D.They
are
attached
to
their
family.
4.What
can
be
inferred
about
the
landline
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
It
remains
a
family
necessity.
B.It
will
fall
out
of
use
some
day.
C.It
may
increase
daily
expenses.
D.It
is
as
important
as
the
gas
light.
四、
【2021年陕西西安二模，阅读B】
Music
died
here
last
spring,
or
rather,
it
was
killed
by
members
of
the
school
committee
who
ignored
the
importance
of
music
and
drama
as
part
of
the
high
school
curriculum.
The
committee
decides
that
teaching
students
how
to
take
a
standardized
test
is
more
important
than
a
curriculum
in
which
students
can
explore
their
interests
in
the
arts.
Because
the
school
system
is
running
out
of
funding,
it
needs
to
make
sure
that
students
pass
the
test
or
even
more
money
will
be
lost
If
students
fail
the
state
standardized
test,
it
is
not
the
fault
of
drama
and
music
classes——they
are
failing
because
the
“academic”
classes
are
in
deficiency
in
a
way.
It
is
painful
to
think
of
how
many
students
will
be
discouraged
from
singing,
acting,
and
playing
instruments
because
school
programs
are
no
longer
offered.
Many
families
cannot
afford
private
music
lessons,
and
many
potential
musicians
and
artists
may
not
find
their
callings
if
they
are
not
exposed
to
the
arts
in
school.
The
fact
that
the
school
committee
thinks
the
arts
are
not
worth
the
investment
will
certainly
make
some
students
believe
the
arts
are
not
worth
their
time
or
support
and
the
cycle
will
continue.
Teaching
for
a
test
does
not
shape
students
into
well-rounded
people.
It
blocks
the
natural
sense
to
create
and
express
feelings
through
the
arts
——
there
is
more
to
life
than
the
analytical
thinking
that
math
and
English
provide.
What
happens
after
a
test?
Sure,
a
student
might
graduate,
but
they
will
have
limited
knowledge——certainly
not
a
good
preparation
for
the
real
world.
1.Music
and
drama
are
removed
from
the
high
school
curriculum
in
that
______.
A.some
students
fail
the
state
standardized
test
B.fewer
and
fewer
students
love
to
attend
them
C.the
school
curriculum
has
been
changed
D.the
school
is
afraid
of
losing
financial
support.
2.What
does
the
underlined
part
mean
in
the
second
paragraph?
A.Not
enough.
B.Too
many
C.Too
boring
D.Not
proper
3.It
can
be
learned
that
the
arts
can
____________.
A.motivate
students
in
creativity
and
expression
B.make
students
round-shaped
people
in
future
C.provide
students
with
careful
thinking
D.prevent
students
from
graduating
from
high
school
4.In
what
way
does
the
author
describe
the
passage?
A.Humorously.
B.Bitterly
C.Excitedly
D.Mildly.
五、【2021年广东茂名模拟，阅读C】
It’s
become
an
accepted
part
of
keeping
up
to
date
with
extended
family
and
friends,
but
if
schoolchildren
were
in
their
parents’
shoes,
the
majority
wouldn’t
share
posts
of
their
sons
and
daughters
online.
Over
55%
said
they
would
not
upload
news
about,
or
images
of
their
children
to
their
social
media,
according
to
a
survey
of
over
16,000
pupils
by
Votes
for
Schools.
???
While
some
were
concerned
about
being
embarrassed
or
the
content
which
could
remain
online
indefinitely,
others
expressed
concern
about
their
personal
data
being
revealed.
One
of
the
pupils
surveyed
said,
“Although
our
parents
mean
well,
sometimes
the
consequence
of
a
post
can
be
disastrous.”
???
In
response
to
the
survey,
children’s
mental
health
charity
Place2Be
and
law
firm
Mishcon
de
Reya
have
produced
three
films
ahead
of
the
Christmas
holidays―the
best
period
for
parental
oversharing.
???
In
one
video,
about
safety
online,
10-year-old
Adavan
said,
“If
you
share
anything
with
your
family,
you
know
who’s
going
to
see
it.
But
if
you
share
it
publicly,
there
are
millions
of
people
who
can
see
your
picture.”
???
Joe
Hancock,
a
security
lead
at
Mishcon
de
Reya,
encouraged
parents
to
share
wisely.
“Simple
steps,
such
as
checking
your
privacy
settings
and
asking
others
not
to
share
content
of
your
children
on
their
accounts
if
they
haven’t
updated
their
privacy
settings,
are
a
good
start.
And,
as
we
found
out
from
the
children
during
filming,
having
their
permission
is
key,”
he
said.
???
The
study
marks
a
shift
away
from
the
usual
debate
about
teaching
children
to
use
the
Internet
safely.
Sandra
Davis,
head
of
the
law
firm’s
family
department,
said,
“Children
are
the
experts
on
the
real
and
immediate
impact
of
sharenting
(晒娃)―the
full
extent
of
which
we
cannot
know
yet.
We
must
ensure
we
listen
to
children
and
take
their
views
into
consideration
now
in
order
to
avoid
any
unintended
consequences
further
down
the
line.”
1.What’s
most
pupils’
attitude
towards
sharing
posts
about
children?
A.Skeptical.
B.Tolerant.
C.Unwilling.
D.Unconcerned.
2.What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
paragraph
2?
A.Summarize
the
previous
paragraph.
B.Provide
some
advice
for
parents.
C.Predict
the
consequence
of
sharing
posts.
D.Give
reasons
for
the
result
of
the
survey.
3.What
should
parents
first
pay
attention
to
according
to
Joe
Hancock?
A.Safety.
B.Consequence.
C.Wisdom.
D.Health.
4.What
can
we
learn
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Parents
should
take
children’s
opinions
into
account.
B.Parents
should
teach
children
to
use
the
Internet
safely.
C.Children
must
make
sure
to
listen
to
their
parents.
D.Children
should
avoid
unintended
consequences
of
sharenting.
六、
【2021年河北一模，阅读D】
In
Mexico,
first
Oaxaca's
state
legislature
(立法机关)
passed
a
ban
on
selling
or
giving
out
high-calorie
packaged
foods
and
sugar-sweetened
drinks
to
minors
(未成年人)
recently.
Less
than
two
weeks
later,
Tabasco
state
approved
a
prohibition
too.
Now
at
least
a
dozen
other
states
in
Mexico
are
considering
similar
legislation.
???
Two-thirds
of
those
who
died
from
COVID-19
in
Mexico
had
health
problems
such
as
obesity
and
diabetes,
according
to
Health
Department
officials.
That
has
led
to
a
new
urgency
to
change
diets
so
that
the
younger
generation
doesn't
suffer
those
diseases.
The
country
consumes
large
amounts
of
sugar
sweetened
drinks
and
processed
snacks.One-third
of
Mexicans
aged
6
to
19
are
overweight,
according
to
UNICEF.
They
can
suffer
many
health
issues,
especially
in
adulthood.
???
Assistant
Health
Secretary
Hugo,
who
has
called
soda
"bottled
poison",
has
been
calling
on
citizens
to
cut
back
on
junk
food.
He
said
the
country's
overweight
health
issue
is
the
fault
of
a
nutritional
environment
that
has
been
developed
to
favor
those
junk
food
products
instead
of
health.
???
In
addition
to
Tabasco,
Chihuahua
state
is
debating
a
junk
food
ban.
A
federal
senator
from
Oaxaca
says
he
wants
to
make
it
a
national
law.
A
nationwide
law
would
not
be
easy.There
are
powerful
commercial
interests
that
don't
want
it
to
happen.
The
business
owners'
association
COPARMEX
said
the
lawmaking
"will
be
a
barrier
to
commercial
freedom".
???
Public
health
groups
applauded
the
junk
food
ban
for
minors
as
it
is
another
encouraging
step
toward
nutrition.
With
their
effort,
in
the
rural
Oaxacan
town,
citizens
have
physically
blocked
chips
and
soda
delivery
trucks
from
entering,
saying
they
don't
want
outsiders
to
bring
in
junk
food.
Almost
all
teenagers
there
know
about
heath
problems
related
to
junk
food
thanks
to
the
non
profit
workshops
from
the
heath
group."I'd
be
annoyed
at
first,"
said
16-year-old
Wendy,
"but
I'd
adapt.
And
maybe
I'd
think
twice
and
buy
fruit
or
something
healthy
instead."
1.What
is
behind
the
new
urgency
to
change
diets?
A.COVID-19
death
cases.
B.Pressure
from
the
public.
C.The
nutritional
environment.
D.Wide
consumption
of
packaged
foods.
2.Some
states
make
a
law
change
to
______.
A.advocate
a
healthier
lifestyle
B.meet
healthier
food
demand
C.cut
junk
food
production
D.win
support
from
young
people
3.What
did
public
health
groups
do
about
the
ban?
A.They
tried
to
win
grocers'
support.
B.They
funded
the
research
on
diseases.
C.They
sopped
the
delivery
of
junk
food.
D.They
raised
citizens'
awareness
of
health
issues.
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Action
to
Fight
Against
Global
Health
Problem
B.Ways
of
Losing
Weight
by
Eating
Smart
C.Move
to
Ban
Junk
Food
Sales
to
Minors
D.Advice
on
How
to
Have
a
Balanced
Diet
七、
【2021年北京通州一模，阅读C】
Infectious
diseases
and
associated
deaths
have
reduced,
but
they
remain
a
significant
threat
throughout
the
world.
Infectious
diseases
outbreaks
and
the
fear
and
panic
that
accompany
them
present
various
economic
risks.
First,
there
are
costs
to
the
health
system,
both
public
and
private,
of
medical
treatment
of
the
infected
and
of
outbreak
control.
Concern
over
the
spread
of
a
relatively
contained
outbreak
can
lead
to
decreased
trade.
Travel
and
tourism
to
regions
affected
by
outbreaks
are
also
likely
to
decline.
Some
long-running
outbreaks,
such
as
HIV,
prevent
foreign
direct
investment.
The
economic
risks
are
large.
It
is
estimated
that
the
expected
yearly
cost
of
infectious
diseases
is
at
roughly
$500
billion.
Even
when
the
health
impact
of
an
outbreak
is
relatively
limited,
its
economic
consequences
can
quickly
become
expanded.
Liberia,
for
example,
saw
GDP
growth
decline
8
percentages
from
2013
to
2014
during
the
Ebola
outbreak
in
Africa.
The
risk
is
complex,
but
policymakers
have
tools
in
response.
Investing
in
improved
health
care,
supply
of
clean
water,
and
better
health
systems
can
reduce
the
frequency
of
human
contact
with
viruses.
Investment
in
reliable
disease
monitoring
in
both
human
and
animal
populations
is
also
critical.
Within
formal
global
watch
systems,
instead
of
discouraging
reporting
possible
outbreaks,
it
may
be
beneficial
to
develop
incentives
for
reporting
suspected
cases,
as
countries
may
reasonably
fear
the
effects
of
such
reporting
on
trade,
tourism,
and
other
economic
outcomes.
Informal
monitoring
systems,
social
media
for
example,
which
collect
information
from
official
reports,
media
reports,
online
discussions,
and
eyewitness
observations,
can
also
help
national
health
systems
and
international
responders
get
ahead
of
the
outbreak
news
during
the
early
stages.
Cooperations
for
monitoring
infectious
diseases
readiness
at
the
national
level
provide
information
national
governments
can
use
to
react
timely
to
their
outbreaks.
There
is
a
significant
market
failure
when
it
comes
to
vaccines
(疫苗)
against
individual
low-probability
viruses
that
collectively
are
likely
to
cause
panic.
Given
the
low
probability
that
any
single
vaccine
of
this
type
will
be
needed,
high
Research
and
Development
(R&D)
costs,
and
delayed
returns,
medical
companies
hesitate
to
invest
in
their
development.
However,
responsible
international
corporations
such
as
CFPI
can
overcome
this
market
failure.
Its
goals
include
advancing
candidate
vaccines
against
specific
low-probability,
high-severity
viruses
through
proof
of
concept
to
enable
rapid
clinical
testing
in
the
event
of
outbreaks.
It
also
aims
to
fund
development
of
institutional
and
technical
platforms
to
speed
R&D
in
response
to
outbreaks
for
which
there
are
no
vaccines.
Undoubtedly,
humans
and
infectious
viruses
will
coexist.
However,
we
can
take
effective
measures
to
manage
the
risk
of
the
diseases.
Joint
action
now
at
the
local,
national,
and
multinational
levels
can
go
a
long
way
toward
protecting
our
collective
well-being
in
the
future.
1.What
does
the
underlined
word
''incentives''
in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean?
A.Habits.
B.Opinions.
C.Arguments
D.Rewards.
2.CFPI
is
a
special
company
which
_______.
A.is
able
to
predict
the
trend
of
the
market
B.develops
vaccines
against
infectious
viruses
C.makes
huge
profits
by
selling
general
medicine
D.employs
staff
who
graduate
from
famous
universities
3.What
does
the
passage
imply?
A.More
importance
should
be
attached
to
health
care
systems.
B.All-level
cooperations
are
required
to
handle
infectious
diseases.
C.It
will
not
be
long
before
mankind
thoroughly
defeats
the
viruses.
D.Technologies
hold
the
key
to
the
settlement
of
medical
problems.
4.Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Health
Risks
and
Research
of
Infectious
Diseases
B.Global
Cooperation
and
Spread
of
Infectious
Diseases
C.Economic
Impact
and
Solutions
of
Infectious
Diseases
D.Medical
Service
and
Development
of
Infectious
Diseases
答案以及解析
一、答案：1-4DAAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句"However,
what
my
children
want
to
do
after
school
is
pick
up
a
screen—any
screen—and
stare
at
it
for
hours."可知,作者的孩子们的问题是他们在屏幕前待的时间太长了。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句"He
documented
his
journey
as
he
set
about
treating
nature
as
a
brand
to
be
marketed
to
young
people..."可知,大卫·邦德是通过拍一部纪录片宣传他的想法的。
3.词义推测题。根据前一句中的"He
documented
his
journey"及画线词所在句可知,此处画线词意为“记录”。
record意为“记录”;predict意为“预测";delay意为“推迟”;
confirm意为“确认”。
4.标题归纳题。文章开头作者提出,现在很多孩子沉溺于电子产品,由此开始介绍电影制作人大卫通过纪录片向孩子们介绍大自然并鼓励孩子们亲近大自然,因此C项
“向孩子们推销大自然”为最佳标题。
二、答案：1-4ADAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"When
contributions
were
made
by
geniuses
outside
the
club—
women,
or
people
of
a
different
color
or
belief—they
were
unacknowledged
and
rejected
by
others."可知,如果这些贡献是由俱乐部以外的天才做出的话,包括女性、不同肤色的人或者拥有不同信仰的人,这些天才是不被认可且会被他人排斥的。所以可以判断,作者认为加入天才俱乐部的标准是不公平的。
2.推理判断题。本题问及从《科学》杂志的研究报告中可以推断出与女孩子们相关的什么信息。现将选项内容和文中线索进行对比分析,具体如下:
选项
正误
分析
A
×
根据第四段第一句可知,研究发现,在六岁时,
女孩子们不太可能说自己真的很聪明。A项与文意相悖。
B
×
研究报告中并没有提到女孩子崇拜伟大的思想家。B项属于无中生有。
C
×
研究报告中并没有提到女孩子们比男孩子们更早认识到性别差异。C项属于无中生有。
D
√
根据第三段最后一句可知,以往的天才标准让许多在天才俱乐部之外的天才因为性别、肤色和信仰原因而不被认可;再根据第四段第一、二句,尤其是"Even
worse,
the
study
found
that
girls
act
on
that
belief..."可推知,女孩子容易被社会观念所影响。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句"In
a
wired
world
with
constant
global
communication,
we're
all
positioned
to
see
flashes
of
genius
wherever
they
appear.
"可知,不管天才身处何地,我们都能看到他,这是由于网络的发展和持续的全球化交流。因此全球化通信交流的改善让更多的天才为公众所知。
4.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了人们以往对天才的定义存在一些歧视因素,说明了性别、种族、阶层等并非天才的决定性因素,天才的标准并不唯一。所以,“天才有多种形式"最符合文章主题。
三、答案：1-4BACB
解析：1.段落大意题。文中第二段主要讲述澳大利亚15
岁以上的人群几乎人手一部移动手机,即移动手机深受澳大利亚人的欢迎。
2.词义推测题。根据第三段画线词后的"that
it's
not
really
necessary
and
they're
keeping
it
as
a
security
blanket...
emergencies"可知,这部分人中19%的人说从不使用座机,13%的人说保留座机是为了应急使用。由此可推知,前面是说三分之一保留座机的人承认座机并非必需品。
concede与admit意思最为相近,意为"承认"。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的"compared
to
84
percent
of
Baby
Boomers
who've
perhaps
had
the
same
home
number
for
50
years"可知,
84%的婴儿潮一代至今仍然使用家庭座机。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者提出疑问:
离座机像煤气路灯和早上送奶到户一样消失还有多久?故可推测,座机会逐渐地从人们的视野中消失。
四、答案：1.D;
2.A;
3.A;
4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段
Because
the
school
system
is
running
out
of
funding,
it
needs
to
make
sure
that
students
pass
the
test
or
even
more
money
will
be
lost.
(因为学校缺乏资金,因此学校必须确保学生通过考试,否则就会失去更多的经济来源)可知,学校把音乐和戏剧课从高中课程中取消是因为害怕失去经济支持。故选:D。
2.词句猜测题。根据第二段
If
students
fail
the
state
standardized
test,
it
is
not
the
fault
of
drama
and
music
classes.(如果学生未能通过国家标准化考试,那不是戏剧和音乐课错);该句接着解释学生考试不能过关的原因是那些学术课程的问题。由此可以猜测,in
deficiency
意思为“不足,缺陷”。A.
Not
enough
不足;B.
Too
many
太多;C.
Too
boring
太无聊;D.
Not
proper
不合适。故选:A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段
Teaching
for
a
test
does
not
shape
students
into
well
rounded
people.It
blocks
the
natural
sense
to
create
and
express
feelings
through
art.(应试教学并不能把学生培养成全面发展的人。它阻碍了通过艺术来创造和表达感情的自然感觉)由此可以推断,艺术可以激发学生的创造性和表达情感的能力。故选:A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中作者描述学校取消音乐课时的用词“Music
died
……
it
was
killed……”;文章中第三段中“It
is
painful
to
think
of
how
many
students
will
be
discouraged
from
singing,
acting,
and
playing
instruments.”(一想到有多少学生不能唱歌、表演和演奏乐器,就会感到很痛苦)由此可以推断,作者在描述这段文章时,是感到很痛心、难过的。A.
Humorously
幽默地;B.
Bitterly
痛心地;C.
Excitedly
兴奋地;D.
Mildly
温和地。故选:B。
五、答案：1.C;
2.D;
3.A;
4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句?Over
55%
said
they
would
not
upload
news
about,
or
images
of,
their
children
to
their
social
media
feeds,
according
to
survey
of
over
16,000
pupils
by
Votes
for
Schools.
可知,超过55%的学生表示,他们不会在社交媒体上上传关于自己孩子的新闻或照片。这项调查是通过投票选出学校的方式对16000多名学生进行的。由此可知,大多数学生不愿意分享。故正确答案为C。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段?While
some
were
concerned
about
being
embarrassed
or
the
longevity
of
content
which
could
remain
online
indefinitely,
others
expressed
concern
about
their
personal
data
being
compromised.
One
of
the
pupils
surveyed
said,
"Although
our
parents
mean
well,
sometimes
the
consequence
of
a
post
can
be
disastrous."
可知,虽然有些人担心会尴尬,或者可能无限期留在网上的内容会持续很长时间,但其他人则担心他们的个人数据会被泄露。一名接受调查的学生说:“虽然我们的父母是好意,但有时一个帖子的后果可能是灾难性的。”由此可知,第二段给出调查结果的理由。故正确答案为D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第二句?Simple
steps,
such
as
checking
your
privacy
settings
and
asking
others
not
to
share
content
of
your
children
on
their
accounts
if
they
have
not
updated
their
privacy
settings,
are
a
good
start.
由此可知,一些简单的步骤,比如检查你的隐私设置,如果别人没有更新他们的隐私设置,就要求他们不要在他们的账户上分享你孩子的内容,都是一个好的开始。由此可知,Joe
Hancock
认为父母首先要注意安全性。故正确答案为A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段?The
study
marks
a
shift
away
from
the
usual
debate
about
teaching
children
to
use
the
Internet
safely.
Sandra
Davis,
head
of
the
law
firm's
family
department,
said,
"Children
are
the
experts
on
the
real
and
immediate
impact
of
sharenting?(晒娃)?—
the
full
extent
of
which
we
cannot
know
yet.
We
must
ensure
we
listen
to
children
and
take
their
views
into
consideration
now
in
order
to
avoid
any
unintended
consequences
further
down
the
line."
可知,这项研究标志着一个转变,从通常讨论的教育孩子安全使用互联网。Sandra
Davis?是该律师事务所家庭部的负责人,她说:“孩子们是了解父母分房对孩子的真实和直接影响的专家——具体影响程度我们还不清楚。为了避免将来出现任何意想不到的后果,我们现在必须倾听孩子们的意见,考虑他们的意见。”由此可知,父母应该考虑孩子的意见。故正确答案为A。
六、.答案：1.A;
2.A;
3.D;
4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段"Two-thirds
of
those
who
died
from
COVID-19
in
Mexico
had
health
problems
such
as
obesity
and
diabetes,
according
to
Health
Department
officials.
That
has
led
to
a
new
urgency
to
change
diets
so
that
the
younger
generation
doesn't
suffer
those
diseases.据卫生部官员说,墨西哥死于COVID-19的人中有三分之二患有肥胖和糖尿病等健康问题。这就导致了改变饮食的新紧迫性,使年轻一代不会遭受这些疾病的折磨。"可知改变饮食的新紧迫性背后是COVID-19死亡病例。故选A.
2.?推理判断题。根据第一段"In
Mexico,
first
Oaxaca's
state
legislature
(立法机关)
passed
a
ban
on
selling
or
giving
out
high-calorie
packaged
foods
and
sugar-sweetened
drinks
to
minors
(未成年人)
recently.
Less
than
two
weeks
later,
Tabasco
state
approved
a
prohibition
too.
Now
at
least
a
dozen
other
states
in
Mexico
are
considering
similar
legislation.在墨西哥,瓦哈卡州第一届立法机构最近通过了一项禁令,禁止向未成年人出售或赠送高热量包装食品和含糖饮料。不到两周后,塔巴斯科州也批准了一项禁令。现在,墨西哥至少还有十几个州正在考虑类似的立法。"以及最后一段"
Public
health
groups
applauded
the
junk
food
ban
for
minors
as
it
is
another
encouraging
step
toward
nutrition.
公共卫生组织对禁止未成年人食用垃圾食品表示赞赏,因为这是朝着营养方向迈出的又一令人鼓舞的一步。"可知一些州通过修改法律来倡导更健康的生活方式。故选A.
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Public
health
groups
applauded
the
junk
food
ban
for
minors
as
it
is
another
encouraging
step
toward
nutrition.
With
their
effort,
in
the
rural
Oaxacan
town,
citizens
have
physically
blocked
chips
and
soda
delivery
trucks
from
entering,
saying
they
don't
want
outsiders
to
bring
in
junk
food.
Almost
all
teenagers
there
know
about
heath
problems
related
to
junk
food
thanks
to
the
non
profit
workshops
from
the
heath
group.公共卫生组织对禁止未成年人食用垃圾食品表示赞赏,因为这是朝着营养方向迈出的又一令人鼓舞的一步。在他们的努力下,在瓦哈坎的乡村小镇,市民们用身体挡住了薯片和汽水送货卡车的进入,说他们不希望外人带来垃圾食品。由于健康组织的非营利性工作坊,那里几乎所有的青少年都知道与垃圾食品有关的健康问题。"可知公共卫生组织认为禁令提高了公民对健康问题的认识。故选D.
4.标题归纳题。根据第一段"In
Mexico,
first
Oaxaca's
state
legislature
(立法机关)
passed
a
ban
on
selling
or
giving
out
high-calorie
packaged
foods
and
sugar-sweetened
drinks
to
minors
(未成年人)
recently.
Less
than
two
weeks
later,
Tabasco
state
approved
a
prohibition
too.
Now
at
least
a
dozen
other
states
in
Mexico
are
considering
similar
legislation.在墨西哥,瓦哈卡州第一届立法机构最近通过了一项禁令,禁止向未成年人出售或赠送高热量包装食品和含糖饮料。不到两周后,塔巴斯科州也批准了一项禁令。现在,墨西哥至少还有十几个州正在考虑类似的立法。"可知本文主要讲述了在墨西哥,瓦哈卡州第一届立法机构最近通过了一项禁令,禁止向未成年人出售或赠送高热量包装食品和含糖饮料。所以"C.
Move
to
Ban
Junk
Food
Sales
to
Minors禁止向未成年人出售垃圾食品"作为题目最合适。故选C.
七、答案：1.D;
2.B;
3.B;
4.C
解析：1.词义猜测题。【关键句】Within
formal
global
watch
systems,
instead
of
discouraging
reporting
possible
outbreaks,
it
may
be
beneficial
to
develop?incentives?for
reporting
suspected
cases,
as
countries
may
reasonably
fear
the
effects
of
such
reporting
on
trade,
tourism,
and
other
economic
outcomes.
(第五段第二句)译文:在正式的全球监测系统内,与其阻止报告可能发生的传染病暴发的情况,不如鼓励报告疑似病例,因为各国可能有理由担心这种报告会影响到贸易、旅游和其他经济成果。根据关键句可知,develop
后面的内容意义应与
instead
of
后面内容的意义相反,画线词的意思应与
discourage
意思相反。由此可知,incentive
应意为“鼓励”,与D项意义一致。故选D。
2.细节理解题。【关键句】Its
goals
include
advancing
candidate
vaccines
against
specific
low-probability,
high-severity
viruses
through
proof
of
concept
to
enable
rapid
clinical
testing
in
the
event
of
outbreaks.
(倒数第二段倒数第二句)译文:它的目标包括通过验证概念,开发针对特定低概率、十分严重的病毒的候选疫苗,以便在发生疫情时能够快速进行临床试验。根据关键句可知,CFPI
是一个专门机构,它主要研发对抗传染性病毒的疫苗。故选B。
3.推理判断题。【关键句】Joint
action
now
at
the
local,
national,
and
multinational
levels
can
go
a
long
way
toward
protecting
our
collective
well-being
in
the
future.
(最后一段最后一句)译文:现在在地方、国家和各国层面采取联合行动可以在很大程度上保护我们未来的集体福祉。根据关键句可知,为了应对传染病,全方位的合作是必不可少的。故选B。
4.标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文重点介绍了传染病对于经济的重大影响以及世界各国和组织机构为了应对传染病所做的努力。C项“传染病造成的经济影响及其应对策略”概括了文章主旨,适合做本文的最佳标题。故选C。