2021-2022学年高二上学期英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 The mass media 知识点学案word版有答案-

选择性必修二
Unit
1
The
mass
media
一、重点单词与短语：
1.
critical
adj.
批评的，批判性的，挑剔的；极为重要的，关键的，至关紧要的；危急的，紧要关头的；有判断力的
(P2,
news
report1,
标题)
①be
critical
of
对……挑剔/提出批评
②be
critical
to
对……极为重要/是关键的
③be
of
critical
importance
至关重要的
④with
a
critical
eye
以批判的眼光
⑤in
(a)
critical
condition
病情危急
▲critically
adv.
批判地；危急地
▲critic
n.
批评家，评论家，评论员
[c]
▲criticism
n.
批评，批判，责备，指责
[c/u]；评论
[u]
▲criticize
vt.
批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评论，评价
⑥criticize
sb.
for
doing
sth.
因干某事而批评某人
典题赏析：
1)
Tom’s
parents
________________________
him.
汤姆的父母对他很挑剔。
2)
Parental
attention
___________________________
the
child’s
socialization.
家长的关注对孩子适应社会是很重要的。
3)
Reducing
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
is
of
_____________________.
减少大气层中的二氧化碳含量是极其重要。
4)
The
patient
is
still
________________________________.
那位病人的情况仍然危急。
5)
We
should
look
at
this
problem
______________________________.
我们应该用批判的眼光看待这个问题。
6)
Learning
to
think
______________
(critical)
is
an
important
skill
today’s
children
will
need
for
the
future.
7)
The
report
strongly
__________
the
police
_________
failing
to
deal
with
the
problem
quickly.
该报道强烈批评警方没有迅速地处理这个问题。
2.
trap
vt.
使落入险境；卡住，绊住；诱骗，诱使
(trap-trapped-trapped-trapping)
n.
陷阱，罗网，夹子；圈套，诡计；困境，牢笼
[c]
(P2,
news
report
1,
L4)
①be
trapped
in
被困在……中，陷入……
②trap
sb.
into
doing
sth.
诱骗某人干某事
③set/lay
a
trap
(for)（为……）设置陷阱/布下圈套
④fall/walk
into
a
trap
落入陷阱
典题赏析：
1)
They
________________________
the
burning
building.
他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
2)
The
eye-catching
advertisements
will
_____________
us
____________
buying
things
that
we
actually
don’t
need.
这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些我们实际上并不需要的东西。
3)
The
farmers
_________
traps
in
the
field
_________
mice.
农民们在田里设下夹子捉老鼠。
4)
_____________
(trap)
in
an
unhappy
marriage,
she
felt
hopeless.
3.
release
vt.
发布；释放；松开；发泄；免除，解除
n.
释放
[u]；发行
[c]；排放，泄漏
[u]
(P2,
news
report
1,
L6)
①release
sb.
from…
把某人从……中释放出来；使某人免除/解除……
②on
(general)
release（电影、唱片）已经上映/发行
典题赏析：
1)
They
decided
to
_____________
the
bird
______________
its
cage.
他们决定把鸟从笼子里放出来。
2)
He
_____________________________
the
hospital
yesterday.
昨天他出院了。
3)
Singing
is
a
good
way
to
_____________
stress
and
emotions.
唱歌是释放压力和发泄情感的好方法。
4)
The
latest
film
directed
by
the
famous
director
is
_____________________（已经上映）.
4.
extend
vi.
&
vt.
延伸（距离）；延续（时间）；涉及（范围）；扩大；延长；伸展
vt.
提供，给予，表示；使竭尽全力
(P2,
news
report
1,
L8)
①extend
a
fence/road/house
扩建护栏/公路/房子
②extend
a
deadline/visa
延长最后期限/签证
③extend
to
延伸到
④extend
sth.
to
sb.
向某人提供/表示……
▲extension
n.
扩大，延伸，延长
[c/u]；延期，展期
[c]
▲extensive
adj.
广大的，广阔的，大量的；广泛的，广博的
典题赏析：
1)
Our
land
______________
as
far
as
the
river.
我们的土地一直延伸到河边。
2)
They
have
agreed
to
_________________________.
他们已同意延长最后期限。
3)
The
chairman
______________
a
warm
welcome
_____________
the
guests.
主席向贵宾们表示热烈的欢迎。
4)
By
that
time,
the
fire
_________________________
the
15th
floor.
到那时为止，大火已蔓延到16楼。
5)
Scientists
have
carried
out
______________
(extend)
research
into
the
deep
sea
in
the
hope
of
finding
new
energy
resources.
5.
construction
n.
建筑，建造，施工
[u]；建造物
[c]
(P2,
news
report
1,
L9)
①under
construction
在建设中
▲constructor
n.
建造者，制造者，建造商
▲construct
vt.
建造，构建
典题赏析：
1)
—Have
you
moved
into
the
new
house?
—No,
the
building
is
_____________
construction.
2)
My
next
work
was
_____________________（建造）a
nest
and
anchor
it
in
a
tree.
6.
cause/do
damage
造成损失
(P2,
news
report
2,
标题)
①cause/do
damage
to
对……造成损失
典题赏析：
1)
The
earthquake
in
2008
____________________________
this
area.
2008年的地震对这个地区造成了严重的损失。
7.
dozen
n.
“许多；一打；十来个
[c]”
(P2,
news
report
2,
L4)
与数词或many，some，several等连用时，用单数形式；修饰名词时，其后不加of；但所修饰的名词前有限定词the，these，those，his，their等或所修饰的词为人称代词时，其后要加of。
a
dozen
一打
a
dozen
books
一打书
a
dozen
of
his
books
他的一打书
two
dozen
两打
two
dozen
books
两打书
two
dozen
of
them
他们中的两打
①dozens
of
很多，许多
②by
the
dozen
按打（计）
③in
dozens
一打一打地；成打地
类似：score“二十”，与数词或many，some，several等连用时，用单数形式；修饰名词或代词时后加of。
one
score
二十
one
score
of
books.
二十本书
two
score
四十
two
score
of
them.
他们中的四十
△scores
of
“许多，大量”，后接可数名词的复数。
scores
of
books
许多书
典题赏析：
1)
I
have
decided
to
buy
three
_____________
(dozen)
of
those
wonderful
gifts
for
the
children.
2)
She
went
to
the
bookstore
and
bought
dozens
______________
famous
books
on
history.
3)
In
Britain,
eggs
are
sold
_________________________（按打）.
4)
I
have
______________
books
while
he
has
_______________
ones.
A.
two
dozens;
two
scores
B.
two
dozen;
two
score
C.
two
dozen;
two
score
of
D.
two
dozen
of;
two
score
of
8.
minor
adj.
轻微的，次要的，较小的
(反：major)
(P2,
news
report
2,
L6)
n.
未成年人；辅修科目/课程
[c]
vi.
辅修
①a
minor
injury/operation/illness/road/role
轻伤/小手术/小病/小路/次要角色
②minor
in辅修
▲minority
n.
少数，少数派，少数人；少数民族
[c]
(反：majority)
③a
minority
of
+名词复数+动单/复
“少数……”
④in
the
minority
占少数
典题赏析：
1)
The
boy
suffered
__________________
in
the
car
accidents.
那个男孩在车祸中受了些轻伤。
2)
The
young
actress
was
given
a
____________
role
in
the
new
play.
这个年轻女演员只分到这出新戏中的一个次要的角色。
3)
Only
_______________________
students
receive(s)
the
scholarship
in
this
university.
在这所大学里，只有少数的学生获得奖学金。
4)
Boys
are
very
much
_________________
at
the
dance
class.
在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数。
9.
bath
n.
洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆
[c]
(P2,
news
report
2,
L6)
①have/take
a
bath
洗澡
②run
a
bath
往浴缸里放水
③give
sb.
a
bath
给某人洗澡
▲bathe
vt.
&
vi.（给……）洗澡，沐浴；（用水、药水等）洗，浸，泡；游泳；
（光线、暖气等）充满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里）
n.
游泳
[c]
④bath…in…
使……覆盖/沐浴在……之中
⑤be
bathed
in
沐浴于，被……笼罩
⑥be
bathed
in
light/moonlight
沐浴于光线/月光中
⑦be
bathed
in
tears/sweat
眼泪汪汪/满头大汗
典题赏析：
1)
I
am
so
tired
that
I
shall
_____________________（洗澡）and
go
to
bed.
2)
_______________
(bath)
in
the
warm
sunlight,
I
soon
fell
asleep
on
the
sunny
beach.
3)
The
sun
began
to
rise
in
the
sky,
_______________
(bath)
the
mountain
in
the
golden
light.
4)
She
listened
to
the
music
with
her
face
________________
(bath)
in
tears.
5)
After
the
match,
I
________________________.
比赛之后我汗流浃背。
10.
scream
vi.
&
vt.
尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音
n.
尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音
[c]
(P2,
news
report
2,
L7)
①scream
in/with…
因……而尖叫
②scream
at
朝……大喊大叫
③scream
for
为了……高声喊
④let
out
a
scream
发出尖叫声
▲screamingly
adv.
极其，十足地
典题赏析：
1)
The
woman
lay
there,
________________
(scream)
with
pain.
2)
Calm
down
and
stop
______________________
me.
冷静点，不要对我大喊大叫。
3)
She
let
out
a
________________
of
terror
at
the
sight
of
the
snake.
一看见蛇，她发出了惊恐的尖叫声。
11.
choke
vt.
&
vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而）说不出话来
n.
窒息，哽咽，哽咽声；进气门
[c]
(P2,
news
report
2,
L8)
①choke
on
因……而窒息/呼吸困难
②choke
to
death
窒息而死
③choke
back
忍住，抑制，克制
④choke
down
硬咽，硬吞；强忍住
⑤choke
off
阻止，制止，限制
⑥choke
up
哽咽
⑦be
choked
with
因……而哽咽；被……堵塞
典题赏析：
1)
The
old
man
choked
____________
death
____________
a
fish
bone.
那位老人被一根鱼刺噎死了。
2)
Her
voice
____________________________
excitement.
她因太激动而声音哽咽。
3)
The
increasing
number
of
cars
on
the
road
_______________
traffic.
This
is
the
reason
why
we
can’t
get
here
on
time.
A.
choke
back
B.
choke
down
C.
choke
off
D.
choke
up
12.
department
n.
部门，局，系，科，处，司，院
[c]
(P2,
news
report
2,
L9)
a
department
store
百货公司
the
English
department
英语系
the
State
Department
国务院
the
Department
of
Education
教育部
the
personnel
department人事部门
the
sales
department
销售部
①be
sb’s
department
是某人的职责范围
典题赏析：
1)
He
works
in
___________________
and
dealing
with
customers
is
________________.
他在一家百货公司上班，与顾客打交道是他的职责。
13.
come
about
“发生”
(P3,
L3)
常与how连用，构成句型“How
does
it
come
about
that…?”
①come
across
(=
run
across/into)
偶然遇见，发现；被理解，被弄懂
②come
along
进展，进步；跟随，跟着来；快点儿；（健康）好转；出现，到达，抵达
③come
for
来接（人），来取（物）
④come
on
进展，进步；跟随，跟着来；来，快，得啦
⑤come
out
出版，发行，发表；长出，发芽，开花；被获知；（品质等）显示，显出
⑥come
over
顺便来访，拜访
⑦come
round（到某人的家里）拜访
⑧come
through
经历；通过；收到，到达
⑨come
to
共计，达到；达到……地步；达成；苏醒
⑩come
to
end
结束
?come
to
oneself
苏醒过来；醒悟过来
?come
up
走近；上来，上楼；长出，长芽；发生；被讨论，被提及
?come
up
to
达到，符合
?come
up
with
赶上；提出，想出，提供
?come
down
with
患，得，染上
?to
come
未来的，将到来的（用在名词后作定语）
典题赏析：
1)
Can
you
tell
me
_______________________________?
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
2)
It’s
already
10
o’clock.
I
wonder
how
it
____________________（发生）that
she
was
two
hours
late
on
such
a
short
trip.
【湖北卷】
3)—Have
you
________________________（想出）some
new
idea?
—Yeah.
I’ll
tell
you
later.
【江苏卷】
4)—I’m
dead
tired.
I
can’t
walk
any
further,
Jenny.
—
__________________（加油）,
Tommy.
You
can
do
it.
【江西卷】
5)
The
dictionary
is
being
printed
and
it
will
soon
__________________（出版）.
【福建卷】
6)
Would
you
like
to
_____________________（跟着来）with
us
to
the
film
tonight?
【全国卷】
7)
The
boy
has
______________________
influenza.
那个男孩患了流感。
14.
priority
n.
优先事项，首要事情
[c]；优先权，重点
[u]
(P3,
L5)
①a
top/high/low
priority
应给予最优先考虑的事/非常重要的事/不重要的事
②have
(take/get)
priority/be
given
priority
(over)
享有优先权
③get
one’s
priorities
right
按照事情的轻重缓急行事
▲prior
adj.
先前的，较早的，在前的；优先的，较重要的
典题赏析：
1)
Education
is
_____________________________.
教育是当务之急。
2)
Club
members
will
__________________________.
俱乐部成员享有优先权。
3)
The
search
for
a
new
vaccine
will
________________________
all
other
medical
research.
研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。
4)
Peter
should
________________________________
and
spend
more
time
with
his
family.
彼得应该按照事情的轻重缓急行事，花更多的时间与家人在一起。
15.
contradict
vt.
相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥
①contradict
oneself
自相矛盾
②contradict
each
other
相互矛盾
▲contradictory
adj.
相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
③be
contradictory
to
与……相矛盾
▲contradiction
n.
反驳，驳斥；矛盾
[u]
④in
contradiction
to与……相矛盾
典题赏析：
1)
What
the
suspect
said
was
completely
contradictory
___________
what
the
witness
said.
2)
Your
two
statements
__________________________（相互矛盾）,
which
makes
me
puzzled.
3)
There
is
a
____________________
(contradict)
between
the
two
sets
of
figures.
16.
instance
n.
例子，事例
[c]
(P3,
L12)
①for
instance
例如，比如
②in
this
instance
在这种情况下
③in
the
first
instance
第一，首先
典题赏析：
1)
You
can’t
rely
on
her.
__________,
she
arrived
an
hour
late
for
an
important
meeting
yesterday.
她这个人靠不住。比如说，昨天有个重要的会议，她就晚来一个小时。
2)
Tom
is
right
about
most
things,
but
________________________
I
think
he
was
mistaken.
多数情况下汤姆都是对的，但在这种情况下我认为他弄错了。
3)
Anyone
wishing
to
join
the
society
should
apply
________________________
to
the
secretary.
任何人加入协会都得首先向秘书提出申请。
17.
differ
vi.
相异；意见相左
(P3,
L13)
①differ
from
和……不同，不同于
②differ
in
在……方面不同
③differ
with
sb.
about/on/over
sth.
就某事与某人意见相左
④I
beg
to
differ.
恕难苟同/抱歉，我不赞同。
▲difference
n.
不同，差别，差异
[c/u]
⑤make
a
difference
起作用，有影响，有关系，有差别
⑥make
a
difference
to
对……起作用/有影响/有关系/有差别
⑦make
some/much/little/a
little/no
difference
⑧tell
the
difference
区分，辨别不同
▲different
adj.
不同的，差异的
⑨be
different
from
与……不同
▲differently
adv.
不同地
典题赏析：
1)
British
English
is
______________
from
American
English.
They
_____________
in
many
minor
aspects,
such
as
spelling
and
pronunciation.
All
English
speakers
understand
each
other,
but
it
is
helpful
to
know
about
some
of
the
________________.（用differ的正确形式填空）
2)
Students
differ
______________
each
other
_________________
this
problem.
3)
The
two
countries
differ
_______________
the
culture
and
climate.
4)—Only
those
who
have
a
lot
in
common
can
get
along
well.
—
_________________________（抱歉，我不赞同）.
Opposites
sometimes
do
attract.
5)
Ancient
Chinese
differs
_______________
the
Chinese
we
speak
today.
18.
conclusion
n.
结论，推论；结束，结尾，结局，结果；
签订，达成
[c]
(P3,
L14)
①draw/reach/come
to/arrive
at
a
conclusion
得出结论
②jump
to
conclusions
匆忙下结论；贸然断定
jump
to
the
conclusion
that…
匆忙下结论……；贸然断定……
③bring…to
a
conclusion
使……结束
④in
conclusion
最后，总之
▲conclude
vi.
&
vt.
总结，下结论，结束
⑤conclude
(…)
with
sth./by
doing
sth.
以……结束（……）
⑥conclude…from…
从……中得出……结论
⑦to
conclude
最后
⑧It
is
concluded
that…
结论是……
▲concluding
adj.
结束的，最后的
concluding
speech
结束演讲，闭幕词
concluding
remark
结束语
典题赏析：
1)
From
the
above
discussion
we
can
__________________________（得出结论）that
success
comes
from
hard
work.
2)
When
he
______________________________________（圆满地结束演讲时）,
his
teacher
and
the
rest
of
the
class
praised
him.
3)
She
_______________
the
speech
_____________
reminding
us
of
our
responsibility.
她通过提醒我们的责任而结束了演讲。
4)
The
party
____________
____________
a
song.
晚会以一首歌曲而结束。
5)
____________________,
I
would
like
to
say
how
much
I
have
enjoyed
myself
today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。
6)
What
do
you
_______________________
that?
你从中得出了什么结论？
7)
It
was
________________
(conclusion)
that
he
was
not
in
favor
of
the
plan.
19.
false
adj.
错误的，不真实的；非天生的，人造的；
假的，伪造的；不真诚的
(P3,
L15)
true
or
false
对还是错
false
teeth/eyelashes
假牙/假睫毛
a
false
alarm
假警报，虚惊
a
false
friend
不忠实的朋友；同形异义词
a
false
start
不成功的开端；起步失误
false
imprisonment
非法拘禁，非法拘留
典题赏析：
1)
She
gave
_________________________
to
the
insurance
company.
她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。
2)
The
man
used
_________________________
to
get
the
job.
那名男子用假名字得到了这份工作。
3)
_________________________
are
illegal
and
may
lead
to
imprisonment.
谎报火警是违法的，可能会导致坐牢。
4)
What
he
said
_______________________.
他所说的话证明是错误的。
20.
bring…to
light
揭露，披露
(P3,
L17)
①bring
about
引起，导致，带来，造成
②bring
back
带回来，拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复
③bring
down
使倒下；使下降；打倒；击落
④bring
forth
产生
⑤bring
forward
提出，提议；提前
⑥bring
in
引进，引入，增加；收（庄稼等）；提出；获利，赚钱
⑦bring
on
引起，导致（不好的事情）；有助于，改进；提出
⑧bring
through
使度过困难
⑨bring
up
使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出；呕吐；抚养，养育，教养；
使出庭受审，传讯
⑩bring
out
使显现，使表现出，阐明；出版，生产；使……说出
典题赏析：用bring的短语完成下列句子
1)
These
figures
have
just
______________________________.
2)
Good
harvest
will
______________________
the
prices.
3)
He
___________________________
by
his
grandmother
in
the
country.
4)
Her
new
suggestion
_________________________
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
5)
He
_______________________
two
new
books
at
the
same
time
last
year.
6)
He
_________________________
one
hundred
more
dollars
a
month
from
his
new
job.
7)
What
______________________
the
quarrel
between
them?
21.
minimum
n.
最小值，最少量
[c]
adj.
最低的，最小的
(反：maximum)
(P3,
L20)
▲minimize
vt.
使减到最小，使降到最低限度；使最小化；降低，贬低
a
minimum
charge/price/wage
最低收费/价格/工资
①a
minimum
of
最低的……
②keep/reduce…to
a
minimum
将……保持在/减少到最低限度
③at
a/the
minimum
最起码，至少，最少
典题赏析：
1)
The
school
manages
to
_______________
bullying
_________________________.
学校设法最大限度地减少霸凌的行为。
2)
Looking
after
a
horse
costs
________________________$
2,000
a
year.
照料一匹马每年最少要花费2,000美元
3)
_________________________,
you
should
spend
two
hours
in
the
evening
studying
in
order
to
catch
up
with
your
classmates.
为了赶上同学，你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。
4)
________________
any
windows
you
have
opened.
将所有你已打开的窗口最小化。
22.
maximum
n.
最大量，最大限度
[c]
adj.
最高的，最多的
(反：minimum)
(P3,
L20)
①a
maximum
of
最大/高/多的……
②to
the
maximum
最大限度地
③for
maximum
effect
为得到最佳效果
▲maximize
vt.
使增加到最大限度；使最大化；充分利用，最大限度地利用
典题赏析：
1)
Temperatures
will
reach
______________________
45℃.
气温最高将达到45℃。
2)
The
job
will
require
you
to
use
all
your
skills
_______________________.
这项工作要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。
3)
You
should
take
exercises
every
morning
________________________.
为了得到最佳效果，你应该每天早上锻炼。
4)
The
company’s
main
function
is
_________________
(maximum)
profit.
23.
sum
vt.
总结，概括
(sum-summed-summed-summing)
n.
金额，款项；总和，总数；全部
[c]
(P3,
L23)
①sum
up
总结，概括；对……作出判断，对……形成意见
②to
sum
up
总之，概括地说（常做插入语，位于句首）
③in
sum
总之，总而言之
④a
large
sum
of
一大笔……
⑤the
sum
of
……的和/总数
典题赏析：
1)
Sid
was
left
_______________________
by
his
aunt.
西德的姑母给他遗留下一大笔钱。
2)
He
ended
his
speech
with
a
sentence
that
___________________
what
he
had
said.
最后他用一句话概括了他的演讲内容。
3)
________________________,
we
should
encourage
the
students
to
develop
critical
thinking.
总之，我们应该鼓励学生培养批判性思维。
4)
______________________
three
and
five
is
eight.
3与5的和是8.
24.
accurate
adj.
正确无误的；精确的；准确的；精密的
(反：inaccurate)
(P3,
L24)
①be
accurate
in
在……方面准确
②to
be
accurate=accurately
speaking
准确地说
▲accurately
adv.
正确无误地；精确地；准确地；精密地
▲accuracy
n.
准确（性）；精确（程度）[u]
③with
accuracy
准确地；精密地
典题赏析：
1)
Journalists
are
not
always
____________________
what
they
write.
新闻工作者的报道并非总是准确的。
2)
They
questioned
the
__________________
of
the
information
in
the
file.
他们质疑档案中信息的准确性。
3)
She
hits
the
ball
________________________.
她击球十分准确。
25.
commit
vt.
承诺，保证；犯（错误、罪行），做出（错事）；花（钱或时间）
忠于，全心全意投入；把……交付给/押给……（常用被动）
(commit-committed-committed-committing)
(P3,
L26)
①commit
sb./oneself
to
doing
sth./do
sth.
保证某人干某事，承诺干某事
②commit…to…
把……投入到//交付给/押给……
③commit
an
error/a
crime/murder/suicide
犯错误/犯罪/犯谋杀罪/自杀
▲committed
adj.
尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
④be
committed
to
(doing
sth./to
do
sth.)
致力于/坚信/忠诚于……
▲commitment
n.
承诺，保证
[c/u]；投入，奉献，献身
[u]；花费，使用
[c/u]
⑤make
a
commitment
(to)
（对……）作出承诺/保证
⑥make
a
commitment
to
doing/do
sth.
承诺/保证干某事
典题赏析：
1)
The
government
is
committed
to
________________
(reform)
the
education
system.
2)
Her
commitment
________________
art
moved
me
deeply.
3)
Giving
up
my
job
to
go
back
to
full-time
education
was
a
big
_______________（投入）,
but
now
I
know
it
was
the
best
decision
I
ever
made.
【湖北卷】
4)
To
be
a
faithful
man,
if
you
_________________（作出承诺）,
you
should
_________________
（履行你的承诺）.
5)
They
called
on
the
Western
countries
to
_________
more
money
_______
the
poorest
countries.
他们要求西方国家把更多的钱投入到最贫困的国家中去。
6)
He
_______________________
under
the
influence
of
alcohol.
在酒精的作用下，他犯罪了。
7)
Sorry,
I
have
already
____________________________working
for
Clive.
对不起，我已承诺为克莱夫工作了。
26.
discrimination
n.
辨别力，识别力
[u]；歧视，偏袒，区别对待
[u]；
区别，识别，辨别
[c/u]
(P3,
L28)
①age/racial/sex/religious
discrimination
年龄/种族/性别/宗教歧视
②discrimination
against/in
favor
of
歧视/偏袒……
③without
discrimination
没有识别力/鉴赏力
▲discriminate
vi.
&
vt.
区别，辨别，区分；区别对待，歧视，偏袒
④discriminate
between
A
and
B
=
discriminate
A
from
B
区分A与B
⑤discriminate
against/in
favor
of
歧视/偏袒……
▲discriminating
adj.
有识别力的，有辨别力的，有鉴赏力的
典题赏析：
1)
He
showed
great
_____________________
in
his
choice
of
friends.
他在择友方面颇具慧眼。
2)
Laws
have
got
to
be
tougher
to
stop
_______________
_____________
the
disabled.
法律应该再严厉一些以制止对残疾人的歧视。
3)
Nowadays,
Society
still
___________
___________
women
and
in
___________
of
men.
如今，社会上仍然歧视女性而厚待男性。
4)
As
a
senior
student,
we
should
learn
to
__________________________________________.
作为一名高中生，我们应该学会明辨是非。
27.
organize
vt.
处理，安排；组织，筹备；规划，管理，照料；
组建，建立
(P4,
L5)
①organize
a
meeting/a
party/a
trip/an
activity
组织会议/聚会/旅行/活动
②organize
one’s
thoughts
整理某人的思绪；组织某人的想法
③the
ability
to
organize
组织能力
▲organization
n.
组织，团体，机构
[c]；组织工作，筹备工作
[u]；
安排，配置，分配
[u]；条理，系统性
[u]
▲organizer
n.
组织者
[c]
▲organized
adj.
有组织的，系统的；有条理的，有安排的；有效率的
④well/badly/carefully
organized
组织良好的/糟糕的/周密的
典题赏析：
1)
The
_______________
was
set
up
in
2020.
Its
________________,
Mr.
Smith,
is
an
experienced
team
leader.
He
has
built
an
________________
team.
He
___________________
an
important
meeting
to
expand
his
business
since
last
month.
2)
Isn’t
it
time
you
started
to
get
____________________
(organize)?
你该提高点效率吧？
3)
The
evening
party
______________________________
and
everyone
had
a
good
time
at
it.
这场晚会组织得很好，每个人都过得很开心。
4)
_______________________________
before
you
begin
to
speak.
把思绪整理清楚再说话。
28.
curiosity
n.
好奇心，求知欲
[u]；奇物，珍品
[c]
(P4,
L7)
①in/with
curiosity
好奇地
②out
of
curiosity出于好奇
③show
curiosity
about
对……表现出好奇心
④satisfy/arouse
one’s
curiosity
满足/引起某人的好奇心
⑤Curiosity
killed
the
cat.
好奇害死猫。
▲curious
adj.
好奇的，求知欲强的；稀奇古怪的，奇特的，不寻常的
⑥be
curious
about
对……感到好奇
⑦be
curious
to
do
sth.
极想干某事
⑧It
is
curious
that…
……是奇怪的/反常的。
▲curiously
adv.
好奇地；稀奇古怪地
⑨curiously
enough
说也奇怪（作插入语）
典题赏析：
1)
He
was
___________________（好奇）to
know
what
was
happening
in
the
office.
【陕西卷】
2)
___________________（说也奇怪）,
a
year
later
exactly
the
same
thing
happened
again.
3)
People
have
always
been
curious
_____
how
living
things
on
the
earth
exactly
began.【辽宁卷】
4)
Children
___________________________
everything.
儿童对一切事物都显露出好奇心。
5)
The
letter
wasn’t
addressed
to
me
but
I
opened
it
_________________________.
那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它打开了。
6)
His
answer
didn’t
_______________________________
at
all.
他的回答丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。
7)
___________________________
that
she
didn’t
tell
anyone.
她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。
29.
found
vt.
创建，创办（组织或机构）；建立，兴建（国家或城市）(P6,
L8)
①found…on…
把……建立在……上
②be
founded
on
建立在……的基础上；（建筑物）建立在……
▲foundation
n.
创办，建立
[c/u]；地基，基础
[c]；根据，基本原理
[c/u]
③lay/provide
the
foundation(s)
for
为……打下基础
④without
foundation/have
no
foundation
没有根据
⑤shake/rock
sth.
to
its
foundations
从根本上动摇某物，动摇某物的基础
▲founder
n.
创立者，创始人；缔造者；奠基人
[c]
辨析：
1)
found-founded-founded
创建，创办；建立，兴建
2)
find-found-found（找到，发现）
典题赏析：
1)
Tsinghua
University,
_______
(found)
in
1911,
is
home
to
a
great
number
of
outstanding
figures.
2)
The
business
company
which
_______________
(found)
in
1900
has
developed
into
a
big
one.
3)
Their
marriage
___________________________
love
and
mutual
respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
4)
The
castle
_____________________________
solid
rock.
这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。
5)
Good
planning
after
the
war
__________________________
the
nation’s
economic
miracle.
战后良好的规划为这个国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。
6)
Darwin’s
theory
______________
the
scientific
establishment
_________________________.
达尔文的理论从根本上动摇了科学界。
30.
politics
n.
政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见
[u]
(P6,
L10)
用法：作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。类似的有：maths,
physics,
gymnastics（体操）,
economics（经济学）,
mechanics（力学，机械学）,
athletics（田径运动）等。
▲political
adj.
政治的，政府的，政权的
▲politician
n.
政治家，政客
典题赏析：
1)
The
________________
told
us
that
________________
______________
his
favorite
subject
when
he
was
at
college.
He
often
talked
about
________________
events
with
his
classmates.
那位政治家告诉我们，当他上大学时，政治是他最喜爱的学科。他经常和同学们谈论政治事情。
31.
accuse
vt.
谴责，控诉
,
控告
(P6,
L10)
①accuse
sb
of
(doing)
sth
控告某人（干）某事
②be
accused
of
被控告犯有……罪
表示“控告”或“指责”的其他短语：
charge
sb.
with
(doing)
sth.
控告某人（干）某事
blame
sb.
for
(doing)
sth.
责备某人（干）某事
典题赏析：
1)
The
soldier
was
accused
_____________
running
away
when
the
enemy
attacked.
2)
The
court
charged
him
_____________
carrying
dangerous
things.
3)
The
teacher
blamed
him
______________
not
finishing
his
homework.
32.
tax
n.
税，税款
[c/u]
vt.
对……征税，使纳税；使负重担，使受压力
(P6,
L11)
①a
tax
on…
对……征的税
②pay
(heavy)
taxes
纳（重）税
③free
of
tax
免税
④before/after
tax
税前/税后
⑤tax
sb./sth.
对……征税
⑥tax
sb.
with
(doing)
sth.
指责某人（干）某事
典题赏析：
1)
Every
citizen
must
____________________
on
time.
每一位公民都必须按时纳税。
2)
The
tax
______________
tobacco
is
heavy
in
Britain.
烟在英国课以重税
3)
Tobacco
____________________
heavily
in
Britain.
烟在英国课以重税
4)
I
____________
him
______________
avoiding
his
responsibility
as
a
parent.
我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。
33.
mount
vi.
逐渐增加，增长
(P6,
L13)
vt.
登上，爬上，走上；骑上，跨上；组织，发起
n.
山
[c]
①mount
up（尺寸和数量上）增加，上升
②mount
a
step/a
horse/a
bike/a
campaign/a
protest
登上台阶/骑马/骑自行车/发起运动/发起抗议
③Mount
Qomolangma/Everest
珠穆朗玛峰
典题赏析：
1)
Our
debts
are
beginning
to
________________________
again.
我们的债务又开始增加了。
2)
He
______________
the
platform
and
addressed
to
the
crowd.
他登上讲台对人群发表演说。
34.
profession
n.
行业，职业；同行；
宣称，声明
[c]
(P6,
L17)
①by
profession
按职业，作为职业
②enter/go
into/join
a
profession
加入一个行业
▲professional
adj.
职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的
n.
专门人员，专业人士；职业运动员
[c]
a
professional
tennis
player
职业网球运动员
professional
skill
专门技巧
professional
knowledge
专业知识
典题赏析：
1)
He
was
an
electrician
______________________.
他的职业是电工。
2)
These
people
earn
a
living
wage
for
their
_________________
(profession)
knowledge
and
skills.
35.
witness
vt.
&
vi.
是发生……的时间或地点，见证；
目击；作证；是……的迹象
n.
目击者，见证人；证人
[c]
(P8,
L1)
①witness
to
(doing)
sth.
证明（干）某事
②a
witness
to…
……的目击者/证人
③be
(a)
witness
to
sth.
目击，看见；证明……真实，为……提供证据
④give
witness
to
sth.
为某事作证，证明某事
典题赏析：
1)
The
police
found
the
witness
____________
the
murder.
2)
The
driver
witnessed
to
______________________
(see)
the
man
enter
the
building.
3)
The
1980s
________________increasing
unemployment
throughout
Europe.
20世纪80年代是全欧洲失业日益加剧的年代。
4)
His
good
health
is
a
______________
______________
the
success
of
the
treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
5)
His
latest
book
______________
______________
_______________
his
talent
to
be
a
writer.
他的新书证明了他是个很有才华的作家。
36.
spring
n.
春天/季
[c/u]；泉，泉水
[c]；弹簧，发条
[c]；跳跃
[c]；弹性
[u]
vi.
跳，跃，弹跳；突然出现，迅速长出
(up)；
涌出，发出
(from)；弹开
(sprang/sprung-sprung)
(P8,
L13)
①in
spring
在春天
②a
hot/mineral
spring
温泉/矿泉
③spring
up
迅速出现/长出，突然兴起/出现
④spring
from
突如其来地从……出现；由……引起
⑤spring
into
action/existence
突然活跃起来/突然出现
典题赏析：
1)
Fast-food
restaurants
are
____________________
all
over
town.
快餐店突然出现在全市的各个角落。
2)
Since
Perry
went
abroad,
his
house
has
been
neglected
and
weeds
are
___________
everywhere.
自从佩里出国了，他的房子无人打理，杂草肆意生长。
3)
Where
on
earth
did
you
____________________?
你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？
4)
The
whole
town
would
_________________________
at
carnival
time.
狂欢节时，全镇的人都会突然活跃起来。
37.
broadcast
n.
广播节目，电视节目
[c]
vi.
&
vt.
播送，广播；散布，传播
(broadcast-broadcast)
(P8,
L122)
①a
live
broadcast
现场直播，实况转播
②broadcast…live
对……进行现场直播
③broadcast
the
fact
that…
散布……的事实
▲broadcasting
n.
广播，节目制作和播放
[u]
the
British
Broadcasting
Corporation=
the
BBC
▲broadcaster
n.
广播员，节目主持人
典题赏析：
1)
We
watched
_______________________
of
the
speech.
我们观看了那场演说的现场直播。
2)
The
concert
will
_______________________
tomorrow
evening.
明晚的音乐会将现场直播。
3)
There
was
no
need
_____________________________
that
he
lost
his
job.
没有必要大肆散布他丢了工作这件事。
38.
persuade
vt.
说服，劝说；使信服
(P11,
L4)
①persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.=
persuade
sb.
into
doing
sth.
说服某人干某事
②persuade
sb.
not
to
do
sth.=
persuade
sb.
out
of
doing
sth.
说服某人不要干某事
③persuade
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事
▲persuasion
n.
说服，劝说
[u]；（宗教或政治）信仰
[c/u]
④after
a
little
gentle
persuasion
好言相劝后
⑤take
a
great
deal
of
persuasion
to
do
sth.
费尽口舌干某事
⑥political/religious
persuasion
政治/宗教信仰
▲persuasive
adj.
有说服力的
辨析：
1)
persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.
“说服某人干某事”，表示说服成功。
2)
try
to
persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.
“努力说服某人干某事”
表示说服不一定成功。
advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
“建议某人干某事”
典题赏析：
1)
We
finally
_______________（说服）the
peasant
to
send
his
daughter
to
school.
【全国卷】
2)
Don’t
let
yourself
________________（说服）to
accept
anything
that
doesn’t
make
sense
to
you.
3)
Thank
you
for
persuading
my
mother
___________________
(let)
me
join
the
football
team.
4)
We
finally
persuaded
Tom
_____________
the
wisdom
of
the
decision.
5)
My
father
advised
my
sister
to
be
a
dentist,
and
she
was
touched
by
his
________________
at
last,
because
his
words
were
so
_________________.
(persuade)
6)
He
was
a
heavy
smoker.
I
______________________________
him
to
give
up
smoking
but
he
just
wouldn’t
listen
to
me.
他烟瘾很大，我努力说服他戒烟，但他总是不听我的。
7)
__________________________,
he
agreed
to
let
us
in.
好言相劝后，他同意让我们进去。
39.
channel
n.
途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法；水渠；海峡
[c]
(P11,
L8)
典题赏析：
1)
We
watched
the
news
on
Channel
4.
意为：_______________
2)
Complaints
must
be
made
through
the
proper
channels.
意为：_____________
3)
Music
is
a
great
channel
for
releasing
your
emotions.
意为：_______________
4)
The
English
Channel
separates
England
and
France.
意为：________________
5)
Many
irrigation
channels
were
dug
in
the
countryside
of
China
in
the
1950s.
意为：__________
40.
peak
adj.
高峰时期的，最高度的，巅峰状态的
n.
顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖端
[c]
vi.
达到高峰，达到最高值
(P11,
L11)
①at
peak
times
在高峰时期
②at
one’s
peak
(=at
the
peak
of)
处于顶峰
③reach
one’s
peak
达到顶峰
典题赏析：
1)
Mount
Qomolangma
is
the
world’s
highest
peak.
意为：_______________
2)
Summer
is
the
peak
time
for
electricity
consumption.
意为：_______________
3)
The
athletes
are
all
in
peak
condition.
意为：_______________
4)
Food
sales
usually
peak
just
before
the
Spring
Festival
in
China.
意为：_______________
5)
Her
career
is
___________________.
她的事业处于鼎盛时期。
6)
Most
athletes
have
___________________________
by
the
time
they
are
20.
大多数运动员20岁时已达到巅峰时期。
41.
advertise
vi.
&
vt.
做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传
(P11,
L12)
①advertise
for
sb./sth.
登广告招聘某人/寻求某物
▲advertisement
(=ad)
n.
广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传
[c]
②put
an
advertisement
in
a
newspaper
在报纸上登广告
▲advertising
n.
广告，广告业
[u]
▲advertiser
n.
广告商，广告人员
[c]
典题赏析：
1)
The
company
wants
to
___________________（登广告招聘）a
new
sales
manager.
2)
I’m
calling
to
enquire
about
the
position
_____________（登广告）in
yesterday’s
China
Daily.【北京卷】
3)
He
______________________
in
the
local
newspaper.
他在当地的报纸上登了一则启事。
4)
With
the
development
of
_______________（广告业）,
various
______________（广告）
come
into
being.
42.
boost
vt.
使增长，使兴旺；增加，提高，促进；
吹捧，大肆宣传；向上推起，托一把
n.
增长，提高；帮助，激励；向上一推/一举
[c]
(P11,
L14)
①boost
one’s
confidence/morale
增强某人的信心/士气
②boost
up
向上推起，托一把
③give
sb.
a
boost
给某人帮助/激励；托某人一把
典题赏析：
1)
What
my
father
said
___________________________.
爸爸的话增强了我的信心。
2)
The
advertising
campaign
is
intended
to
_____________
sales.
广告宣传活动旨在促销。
3)
If
I
________________,
could
you
reach
the
window?
如果我托你一把，你能够到窗户吗？
43.
purchase
vt.
买，购买（尤指大或贵的物品）
(P11,
L18)
n.
购买，采购
[c/u]；购买的东西，购买项目
[c]
purchase
price购买价
date/time
of
purchase
购买日期/时间
proof
of
purchase
购物凭证
purchasing
power
购买力
①purchase…from…
从……处购买……
②make
a
purchase
购买，采购，买东西
③on
special
purchase
特价出售
▲purchaser
n.
购买人，采购人员，买主
典题赏析：
1)
You
can
_____________
the
equipment
_____________
the
local
supplier.
你可以从当地的供应商处购买这些设备。
2)
As
a
member,
you
can
have
a
discount
every
time
you
____________________
in
our
store.
作为会员，你每次在我们店购物时都可以享受折扣。
3)
These
boots
are
_______________________.
这些靴子特价出售。
4)
I’m
wondering
if
you
mind
telling
me
the
_____________________
of
your
new
house.
我想知道你是否介意告诉我你新房子的购买价格。
44.
memorable
adj.
难忘的，值得纪念的
(P11,
L19)
①be
memorable
for
sb.
对某人来说是难忘的
②be
memorable
for
sth.
因……而令人难忘
▲memorably
adv.
难忘地，值得纪念地
▲memorize
vt.
记住，记忆，熟记
▲memorial
adj.
记忆的，纪念的，追悼的
n.
纪念物，纪念日，纪念碑，纪念馆
(to)
[c]
▲memory
n.
记忆力，记性
[c/u]；记忆，回忆
[c,
常用复数]；存储器
[c]
③have
a
good/bad
memory
for
对……的记忆力好/差
④have
a
short/long
memory
for记住……很短/长时间
⑤do
sth.
from
memory
凭记忆干某事
⑥in
memory
of
=
to
the
memory
of
为了纪念
⑦If
my
memory
serves
me
well
如果我没有记错的话
⑧bring
back
memories
引起对美好往事的回议
典题赏析：
1)
The
city
__________________________
its
fantastic
beaches.
这座城市因其迷人的海滩而令人难忘。
2)
His
speech
_________________________
me.
他的演讲令我难忘。
3)
The
________________
Hall
of
the
Victims
in
Nanjing
Massacre
by
Japanese
Invaders
was
built
____________________
the
people
who
were
killed
by
the
Japanese
invaders.
侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆是为了纪念被日本侵略者所杀害的人们而建立的。
4)
I
have
many
valuable
________________
in
this
place.
(memory)
5)
To
_______________
these
key
words,
I
repeat
them
again
and
again.
(memory)
6)
He
had
a
long
memory
____________
people
who
had
disappointed
him.
7)
She
can
recite
the
whole
poem
_____________
memory.
45.
get
across
被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚
(P12,
L25)
①get
sth.
across
to
sb.
把某事向某人讲清楚
典题赏析：
1)
Your
meaning
didn’t
really
______________________.
你的意思并未真正为别人理解。
2)
He
is
not
very
good
at
____________________________________
others.
他不太善于清楚地向别人表达自己的思想。
3)
Each
play
has
a
theme
or
central
idea
which
the
playwright（剧作家）hopes
to
_______________
through
dialogue
and
action.
每部戏剧都有一个主题或中心思想，剧作家希望通过对话和动作来传达。
46.
sponsor
vt.
赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助
n.
赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人；倡议者，发起人；
担保人，保证人
[c]
(P12,
L34)
①sponsor
sb.
for
sth.
为某事而资助某人
②sponsor
sb.
to
do
sth.
资助某人干某事
③be
sponsored
by
由……资助
④collect
sponsors
for
为……征集赞助者
▲sponsorship
n.
赞助，资助
[u]
典题赏析：
1)
The
TV
programme
____________________________a
tobacco
company.
这个电视节目是由一家烟草公司赞助的。
2)
Will
you
______________
me
_____________
a
charity
I’m
doing?
你愿意资助我正在参加的竞走义赛吗？
3)
I’m
__________________________
next
week’s
charity
run.
我正在为下星期的募款赛跑征集赞助者。
4)
They
are
looking
for
________________
for
the
expedition.
他们正在为这次探险寻找赞助。
47.
absorb
vt.
理解，掌握；吸收（液体、气体、热、光、能等）；
吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；使并入，吞并，同化；
耗费，耗去（大量时间、金钱等）(P12,
L38)
①absorb…into…
把……吸收进……；将……并入……
②be
absorbed
in
(=absorb
oneself
in)
全神贯注于，专心于
▲absorbing
adj.
十分吸引人的，引人入胜的，精彩的
▲absorbed
adj.
被吸引住的，专心致志的，全神贯注的
典题赏析：
1)
Plants
absorb
carbon
dioxide
from
the
air.
意为：__________________
2)
I
haven’t
had
time
to
absorb
everything
he
said
in
fact.
意为：__________________
3)
This
work
has
absorbed
him
for
several
years.
意为：__________________
4)
Defense
spending
absorbs
almost
30%
of
the
country’s
wealth.
意为：__________________
5)
Most
little
shops
have
been
absorbed
into
big
businesses.
意为：__________________
6)
_______________
(absorb)
in
his
work,
he
forgot
all
about
eating
and
sleeping.
7)
The
novel
was
so
_______________
(absorb)
that
she
read
on
without
a
break.
48.
discount
n.
折扣，打折
[c/u]
vt.
打折出售；认为……不重要，对……不全信，低估
(P12,
L43)
discount
price折扣价
discount
fare
折扣票价
discount
shop/store
折扣商店，批发店
①get/give/offer
a
discount
(on)
（在……上）得到/给予/提供折扣
②at
a
discount
打折；不受欢迎
③at
a…discount
=
at
a
discount
of…
打……折
④discount
the
possibility
of
认为……很不可能发生
▲discountable
adj.
可打折扣的；可贴现的；不可全信的
典题赏析：
1)
They
are
offering
a
10%
____________
____________sofas
this
month.
本月他们给沙发售价统统打九折。
2)
Employees
can
buy
books
_____________________.
员工购书可享受折扣。
3)
I
suggest
you
apply
for
membership.
Members
can
____________________________.
我建议你申请会员。会员可以享受8折优惠。
4)
The
store
__________
all
its
goods
at
10%.
这家商店所有商品九折出售。
5)
We
can’t
______________________________________
further
strikes.
我们不能低估再次发生罢工的可能性。
49.
tailor
vt.
专门制作，定做；裁制，缝制
n.
裁缝
[c]
(P12,
L46)
①tailor
sth
to
one’s
needs/requirements
根据某人的需要制作……
②tailor
sth
to
do
sth.
为了干某事专门制作/定做……
③at
a
tailor’s
(shop)
在裁缝店里
④The
tailor
makes
the
man.
[谚]人靠衣装。
▲tailored
adj.
定做的，合身的；特制的，专门的
▲tailoring
n.
裁缝业；裁缝手艺
[u]
典题赏析：
1)
The
teacher
_________
special
study
programmes
________
the
needs
of
specific
groups.
老师根据特定群体的需要，特制了专门的学习课程。
2)
Most
travel
agents
are
prepared
to
tailor
travel
arrangements
____________________
(meet)
individual
requirements.
为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。
3)
I
__________
a
suit
____________________
yesterday.
昨天在一家裁缝店里我定做了一套西服。
50.
brighten
up（使）增添乐趣；（使）明亮；（使）快活起来；
使更艳丽，使更美丽；放晴
(P13,
C,
L2)
典题赏析：
1)
Fresh
flowers
will
brighten
up
any
room
in
the
house.
意为：___________________
2)
He
brightened
up
at
their
words
of
encouragement.
意为：___________________
3)
According
to
the
forecast,
it
should
brighten
up
later.
意为：___________________
4)
A
personal
letter
will
usually
brighten
up
a
person’s
day.
意为：___________________
5)
In
the
distance,
the
sky
was
beginning
to
brighten
up.
意为：___________________
51.
amuse
vt.（提供）消遣，（使）娱乐；逗笑，逗乐；
使愉快，使高兴
(P13,
C,
L9)
①amuse
sb./oneself
逗某人笑/自娱自乐
②It
amuses
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人笑起来
▲amusement
n.
娱乐，可笑，愉悦
[u]；娱乐活动，消遣活动
[c]
③an
amusement
park
游乐场，娱乐公园
④for
amusement
为消遣，为娱乐
⑤with/in
amusement
娱乐地，津津有味地
⑥to
one’s
amusement
使某人感到好笑的是
▲amusing
adj.
好笑的，有趣的；引人发笑的
▲amused
adj.
被逗乐的，觉得好笑的
⑦be
amused
at/by
被……逗笑，对……觉得有趣
⑧be
amused
to
do
sth.
干某事觉得好笑
⑨keep
sb.
amused
使某人快乐，使某人消遣
典题赏析：
1)
He
was
bored
at
home,
so
he
began
to
__________________________（自娱自乐）by
playing
computer
games.
2)
__________________________（使我感到非常好笑的是）,
he
couldn’t
get
the
door
open.
3)
Yesterday,
we
went
to
an
________________
park
where
we
were
_____________
by
the
performances
that
we
found
________________
to
watch.
(amuse)
4)
The
audience
were
amused
________________
the
actor’s
funny
performance
on
the
stage.
5)
It
amused
me
___________________________
(look
back
on)
my
life
in
Britain.
6)
Playing
with
water
can
keep
children
________________
(amuse)
for
hours.
二、重点句型：
1.
The
fire,
which
is
thought
to
have
started
from
the
8th
floor,
spread
quickly
through
the
tower
block
on
Sunday
night,
leaving
people
on
the
upper
floors
trapped.
(P2,
news
report
1,
L2–4)
周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。
分析：
①句中is
thought
to
have
started为“be
thought+不定式”的结构，意为“被认为/据认为/人们认为……”。不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：
to
do
sth.
……（要）干某事
to
be
doing
……正在干某事
S+be
thought+
to
have
done
sth.
……已经干了某事
to
be
done
……被干
to
have
been
done
……已经被干
此结构相当于：It
is
thought
that…或People
think
that…
He
is
thought
to
study
hard.
据认为他学习刻苦。
It
is
thought
that
he
studies
hard.
People
think
that
he
studies
hard.
此结构中常用的动词有：say,
report,
think,
believe,
suppose,
consider,
hope,
prove等。
典题赏析：
1)
He
is
thought
_______________________
(get
up)
at
5
o’clock
every
morning.
2)
Tom
is
thought
___________________
(made)
great
contributions
to
his
class,
but
he
denies
it.
3)
Chinese
is
thought
_____________________
(speak)
even
more
widely
in
the
future
world.
4)
Loulan
is
thought
_______________________________
(cover
over)
gradually
by
sandstorms
hundreds
of
years
ago.
5)
The
project
is
_______________
(hope)
to
be
completed
by
the
end
of
2030.
6)
He
is
_____________
(say)
to
have
lost
his
car.
7)
A
new
bridge
is
said
to
______________________
(build)
over
the
Yangtze
River
now.
8)
It
is
____________________
(believe)
that
he
will
leave
tomorrow.
He
_______________________________________last
year.
9)
据报道，去年他出国了。
It
________________________________________
last
year.
People
_____________________________________
last
year.
②句中
the
8th
floor
指“九楼”。英式英语和美式英语中楼层的表达方法不同，具体如下：
英式英语：一楼
the
ground
floor
二楼
the
first
floor
美式英语：一楼
the
first
floor
二楼
the
second
floor
③句中leaving…trapped为“leave+宾语+宾语补足语
(done)”的结构。leave为使役动词，意为“使……处于某种状态；听任”，其构成为：
leave+宾语+宾语补足语
(doing/done/adj./adv./n./prepositional
phrase)。
Don’t
leave
her
waiting
outside
in
the
rain.
不要让她在外面的雨中等候。
He
went
to
bed
and
left
the
work
unfinished.
他上床睡觉了，留下工作未完成。
He
left
the
door
open.
他让门开着。
They
left
the
lights
on
all
night.
他们让灯亮了一夜。
His
parents’
death
left
him
an
orphan.
他父母的死使他成为了孤儿。
Don’t
leave
the
baby
by
itself.
不要把那个婴儿单独留下。
典题赏析：
1)
Don’t
leave
the
water
______________
(run)
while
you
brush
your
teeth.
2)
The
bad
weather
left
the
project
half
______________
(finish).
3)
Strange,
isn’t
it?
But
that’s
how
nature
is—always
leaving
us
______________
(astonish).
4)
You’d
better
___________________________.
你最好让窗户开着。
5)
Mother
went
out,
_________________________.
妈妈外出了，留下她的宝宝一直在哭。
2.
By
this
time,
the
fire
had
extended
to
the
15th
floor.
(P2,
news
report
1,
L7–8)
截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼。
By
this
morning,
4
people
have
been
confirmed
dead.
(P2,
news
report
2,
L3)
到今天早上为止，已有四人被证实死亡。
分析：句中by意为“到……时为止”。后接过去时间，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；后接现在时间，主句的谓语动词用现在完成时；后接将来时间，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。即：
过去时间→过去完成时(had
done)
by
(the
end?of
)
?现在时间→现在完成时(have/has
done)
将来时间→将来完成时(will/shall
have
done)
We
had
learned
5000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
到上学期末为止，我们已经学了5000个英语单词。
We
have
found
5
mistakes
in
your
book
by
now.
到现在为止，我们在你书里已找到5处错误。
We
will
have
learned
5000
English
words
by
the
end
of
next
term.
到下学期末为止，我们将学了5000个英语单词。
I
shall
have
finished
my
work
by
the
time
the
teacher
comes
back.
典题赏析：
1)
We
____________________
(learn)
four
thousand
new
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
year.
2)—Did
you
meet
Tom
at
the
airport?
—No,
he
had
left
by
the
time
I
_________________
(arrive)
there.
3)
I
have
been
studying
here
for
four
years,
by
next
summer
I
______________________(graduate).
4)
He
will
have
learned
English
for
eight
years
by
the
time
he
______________
(graduate)
from
the
university
next
year.
5)
By
the
time
Lane
gets
home,
her
aunt
________________________
(leave)
for
London
to
attend
a
meeting.【天津卷】
6)
By
now,
we
__________________________
(complete)
80%
of
our
work.
7)
By
4:30
pm,
which
was
almost
closing
time,
nearly
all
the
paintings
_________________
(sell).
3.
Fears
grew
that
the
number
of
deaths
could
reach
5,
according
to
figures
released
by
emergency
services.
(P2,
news
report
1,
L5-6)
根据应急服务机构公布的数据，死亡的人数可能达到5人，这令人愈发担忧。
There
is
concern
that
the
construction
company
that
built
the
tower
block
had
not
followed
fire
safety
rules.
(P2,
news
report
1,
L9–10)
有人担心建造公寓大楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规则。
分析：句中Fears
grew
that…及There
is
concern
that…是同位语从句，在句中作Fears及concern的同位语。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词。常见的名词有：idea,
news,
fact,
word
(消息),
order,
promise,
belief,
doubt,
evidence,
hope,
opinion,
plan,
advice,
suggestion,
thought,
truth,
possibility,
wish,
question,
problem,
information,
knowledge,
feeling,
warning等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,
whether；连接代词who,
what,
which等；连接副词when,
where,
why,
how
等。
①连词that,
whether引导的同位语从句，它们只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that无意义，
whether意为“是否”，都不能省略。
We
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.
我们听到了我们队胜利的消息。
The
fact
that
he
had
said
nothing
surprised
us.
他什么也没说这一事实使我们感到惊奇。
Word
came
that
he
failed
in
the
exam.
他考试不及格的消息传来了。
The
question
whether
we
need
more
time
to
do
the
work
hasn’t
been
discussed.
我们是否需要更多的时间来做这份工作这一问题还没有被讨论。
There
is
some
doubt
whether
he
is
guilty
or
not.
他是否有罪有一些怀疑。
②连接代词who,
what,
which等引导的同位语从句，在同位语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，有具体的意思且不能省略。
I
have
no
idea
who
will
go
there.
我不知道谁将去那儿。
Do
you
have
any
idea
what
is
going
on
there?
你知道那儿正在发生什么事？
I
have
no
idea
which
book
you
like
best.
我不知道你最喜欢哪本书。
③连接副词when,
where,
why,
how等引导的同位语从句，在从句中作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
be
back.
我不知道他何时会回来。
I
have
no
idea
where
he
has
gone.
我不知道他去了哪里。
The
problem
why
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
is
still
under
discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论中。
You
have
no
idea
how
worried
I
was.
你不知道我有多么担心啊。
典题赏析：
1)
Word
came
__________
the
missing
man
had
been
found.
2)
At
that
time
I
had
no
idea
___________
I
could
deal
with
it.
3)
I
have
no
idea
_____________
he
will
return.
4)
The
question
_______________
he
will
join
us
is
very
important.
5)—Is
there
any
possibility
___________
you
could
pick
me
up
at
the
airport?
—No
problem.【浙江卷】
6)
The
fact
has
worried
many
scientists
___________
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
these
years.
【江西卷】
7)—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
idea
________
he
did
it;
that’s
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
重庆卷】
8)
Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
____________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.【江苏卷】
9)
_________________________（毫无疑问，无疑）the
computer
is
an
important
invention.
10)
____________________________________________.
他被解雇的消息传来了。
4.
“I
was
about
to
have
a
bath
when
I
heard
people
screaming
and
dogs
barking.
(P2,
news
report
2,
L6–7)
我正要洗澡，这时听到人们的尖叫声和狗吠声。
分析：
①句中be
about
to
do
sth.
when…
(=be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when…)为固定句型，意为“正要干……这时……”。
I
am
about
to
go
out
when
the
phone
rings.
我正要出去，这时电话响了。
She
was
on
the
point
of
leaving
when
I
arrived.
她正要离开，这时我到了。
另：when表示“就在这/那时”时还可用于以下句型中：
be
doing
sth
when…;
be
on
one’s
way…when…;
had
just
done
sth.
when…
典题赏析：
1)
He
was
just
about
__________________
(dive)
when
he
saw
the
shark.
2)
I
was
on
the
point
___________________
(leave)
when
the
telephone
rang.
3)
I
____________________
(watch)
the
football
match
when
he
came
in.
4)
I
had
just
_______________
(go)
to
bed
when
the
light
went
out.
5)
I
was
on
my
way
to
school
________________
the
accident
happened.
6)
我正要下线(log
off)，这时她发给我一条消息。
a)
_____________________________________________________.
b)
_____________________________________________________.
②句中heard
people
screaming
and
dogs
barking为“hear+宾语+宾语补足语
(doing)”的结构。其用法为：hear+宾语+宾语补足语
(doing/done/do)，doing表示动作主动或正在进行；done表示动作被动或完成；do表示动作发生的整个过程。类似用法的动词还有：see,
watch,
notice,
observe等。
1)—Do
you
hear
the
door
bell
_____________?
—Yes,
I
heard
it
_____________
three
times.
(ring)
2)
Listening
to
music
at
home
is
one
thing,
going
to
hear
it
___________________
(perform)
live
is
quite
another.【浙江卷】
3)
After
a
knock
at
the
door,
the
child
heard
his
mother’s
voice
_______________
(call)
him.
4)
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
_________________
(call)
for
help?
【湖南卷】
5)
Birds
are
seldom
heard
_____________________
(sing)
at
night.
参考答案：
一、重点单词与短语：
1.
are
critical
of;
is
critical
to;
critical
importance;
in
a
critical
condition;
with
a
critical
eye;
critically;
criticizes,
for
2.
were
trapped
in;
trap,
into;
set/laid,
for;
Trapped
3.
release
from;
was
released
from;
release;
on
general
release
4.
extends;
extend
the
deadline;
extended,
to;
had
extended
to;
extensive
5.
under;
to
construct
6.
caused/did
serious
damage
to
7.
dozen;
of;
by
the
dozen;
C
8.
minor
injuries;
minor;
a
minority
of;
in
the
minority
9.
have/take
a
bath;
Bathed;
bathing;
bathed;
was
bathed
in
sweat
10.
screaming;
screaming
at;
scream
11.
to,
on;
was
choked
with;
C
12.
a
department
store,
his
department
13.
how
the
accident
came
about;
came
about;
come
up
with;
Come
on/along;
come
out;
come
along/on;
come
down
with
14.
a
top
priority;
be
given
priority;
take
priority
over;
get
on
his
priorities
right
15.
to;
contradict
each
other;
contradiction
16.
For
instance;
in
this
instance;
in
the
first
instance
17.
different,
differ,
differences;
with,
about/on/over;
in;
from
18.
draw
(reach/come
to/arrive
at)
a
conclusion;
brought
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion;
concluded,
by;
concluded
with;
In
conclusion/To
conclude;
conclude
from;
concluded
19.
false
information;
a
false
name;
False
fire
alarms;
proved
false
20.
been
brought
to
light;
bring
down;
was
brought
up;
was
brought
up/forward;
brought
out;
brought
in;
brought
on/about
21.
reduce,
to
a
minimum;
a
minimum
of;
At
a/the
minimum;
Minimize
22.
a
maximum
of;
to
the
maximum;
for
maximum
effect;
to
maximize
23.
a
large
sum
of
money;
summed
up;
To
sum
up/In
sum;
The
sum
of
24.
accurate
in;
accuracy;
with
great
accuracy/very
accurately
25.
reforming/reform;
to;
commitment;
make
a
commitment,
carry
out
your
commitment;
commit,
to;
committed
the
crime;
committed
myself
to/
made
a
commitment
to
26.
discrimination;
discrimination
against;
discriminates
against,
favor;
discriminate
between
right
and
wrong
27.
organization,
organizer,
organized,
has
been
organizing;
organized;
was
well
organized;
Organize
your
thoughts
28.
curious;
Curiously
enough;
about;
show
curiosity
about;
out
of
curiosity;
satisfy
my
curiosity;
It
was
curious
29.
founded;
was
founded;
was
founded
on;
is
founded
on;
laid/provided
the
foundations
for;
shook/rocked,
to
its
foundations
30.
politician,
politics,
was,
political
31.
of;
with;
for
32.
pay
taxes;
on;
is
taxed;
taxed,
with
33.
mount
up;
mounted
34.
by
profession;
professional
35.
to;
having
seen;
witnessed;
witness
to;
gave
witness
to
36.
springing
up;
springing
up;
spring
up;
spring
into
action
37.
a
live
broadcast;
be
broadcast
live;
to
broadcast
the
fact
38.
persuaded;
be
persuaded;
to
let/into
letting;
of;
persuasion,
persuasive;
tried
to
persuade;
After
a
little
gentle
persuasion
39.
频道，电视台；途径，渠道；方法，手段；海峡；水渠
40.
山峰；高峰时期的；巅峰状态的；达到高峰；at
its
peak;
reached
their
peak
41.
advertise
for;
advertised;
put
an
advertisement;
advertising,
advertisements
42.
boosted
my
confidence;
boost;
give
you
a
boost/boost
you
up
43.
purchase,
from;
make
a
purchase;
on
special
purchase;
purchase
price
44.
is
memorable
for;
was
memorable
for;
Memorial,
in
memory
of;
memories;
memorize;
for;
from
45.
get
across;
getting
his
ideas
across
to;
get
across
46.
was
sponsored
by;
sponsor,
for;
collect
sponsors
for;
sponsorship
47.
吸收；理解，掌握；吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；耗费，耗去；使并入，吞并；Absorbed;
absorbing
48.
discount
on;
at
a
discount;
get
a
20%
discount;
discounts;
discount
the
possibility
of
49.
tailored,
to;
to
meet;
tailored,
at
a
tailor’s
50.
使更艳丽，使更美丽；快活起来，高兴起来；放晴；使增添乐趣；明亮
51.
amuse
himself;
To
my
great
amusement;
amusement,
amused,
amusing;
at/by;
to
look
back
on;
amused
二、重点句型：
1.
①to
get
up;
to
have
made;
to
be
spoken;
to
have
been
covered
over;
hoped;
said;
being
built;
believed;
is
reported
to
have
gone
abroad;
is
reported
that
he
went
abroad;
report
that
he
went
abroad
②running;
finished;
astonished;
leave
the
windows
open;
leaving
her
baby
crying
2.
had
learned;
arrived;
shall/will
have
graduated;
graduates;
will
have
left;
have
completed;
had
been
sold
3.
that;
how;
when;
whether;
that;
that;
why;
that;
There
is
no
doubt
that;
Word
comes
that
he
was
fired
4.
①to
dive;
of
leaving;
was
watching;
gone;
when;
I
was
about
to
log
off
when
she
sent
me
a
message./I
was
on
the
point
of
logging
off
when
she
sent
me
a
message
②ringing,
ring;
being
performed;
calling;
calling;
to
sing