北师大版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 Relationships 学案（5份打包）

Unit
1　Relationships
PartⅠ　Topic
Talk
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与社会
课时词汇
quality,
passionate,
grateful,
occasionally
常用短语
be
close
to,
sense
of
humour,
a
series
of,
hold
up,
lean
on,
stand
by,
in
times
of,
in
and
out
of
重点句式
It
is
enough
to
do
sth.
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
adj.
感激的，感谢的
2．________________
adv.
极度，极其
3．________________
adj.
情感上的；情绪上的
4．________________
adj.
难以置信的；极好的
5．________________
vt.
主办；做……的东道主
n.
主人；主持人
6．________________
adj.
中等教育；中级的；次要的
7．________________
adj.
外向的，好交际的
8．________________
adj.
热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的
9．________________
n.
幽默感
10．________________
n.
特性，品质
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．We
would
be
________
(感激的)
for
any
information
you
can
give
us.
2．I
would
be
________
(极度)
grateful
if
you
could
have
a
word
with
her.
3．Mothers
are
often
the
ones
who
provide
________
(情感上的)
support
for
the
family.
4．It
is
________
(难以置信的)
that
the
12?year?old
managed
to
even
reach
the
pedals,
let
alone
drive
the
car.
5．Which
country
is
________
(主办)
the
Games
this
year?
6．Such
considerations
are
s________
to
our
main
aim
of
improving
efficiency.
7．Although
he
seems
cheerful
and
o________
in
public,
he
is
a
quiet
and
shy
man.
8．His
p________
speech
had
an
effect
on
our
emotions.
9．Whatever
you
do,
don't
lose
your
sense
of
h________.
10．One
of
his
less
attractive
t________
is
blaming
his
wife
in
public.
?第一版块：重点单词
1.quality
n．[C，U]
质量；trait
n．[C](人的个性的)特性，特征；character
n．[C]品质，特点
[即学即练]　选词填空(quality,
trait,
character)
①His
sense
of
humour
is
one
of
his
better
________.
②What
does
her
handwriting
tell
you
about
her
________？
③Their
________
of
life
improved
dramatically
when
they
moved
to
France.
易混比较：
character就是说人的个性；品质
trait指特征，特点，特性
quality指质量，品质
如：①national
traits民族特征
②a
watch
of
good
quality品质好的手表
③He
has
a
changeable
character.他性格多变。
2．passionate
adj.热爱的，酷爱的，具有强烈信念的
passionately
adv.(＝in
a
passionate
way)
强烈地
passionate
support
for
sth.
对……的热情支持
a
passionate
defender
of
civil
liberties
公民自由权利的积极捍卫者
a
passionate
be
passionate
about...
对……充满热情
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Ann
has
always
believed
________
(passionate)
in
women's
rights.
②I
chose
my
activities
simply
because
I
was
interested
in
and
passionate
________
them.
③We
have
such
a
diverse
group
of
readers
and
authors
who
are
all
________
(passion)
about
technology.
3.grateful
adj.感激的，感谢的
be
grateful
to
sb.
for
sth.
因某事感谢某人
be
grateful
that...
感谢……
be
grateful
to
do
sth.
因做某事而心存感激
be
grateful/thankful
for
small
mercies
对微不足道的恩惠心存感激
I
would
be
grateful
if
you
could/would...
(尤用于书信或正式场合提出请求)如果你能……我将不胜感激
?It
may
be
cold
but
it's
not
raining—let's
be
grateful/thankful
for
small
mercies.
尽管天气很冷，但没有下雨——应该知足了。
?I
am
extremely
grateful
to
all
the
teachers
for
their
help.
我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
?She
seems
to
think
that
I
should
be
grateful
to
have
a
job
at
all.
她似乎认为我有份工作就该谢天谢地了。
?I
would
be
grateful
if
you
could
send
me
the
book
immediately.
如果你能马上把书寄给我，我将感激不尽。
思维拓展：
①gratefully
adv.感激地
“Thank
you.
You
are
very
kind，”
she
said
gratefully.
“谢谢你，你真好。”她感激地说道。
②gratitude
n．感激(之情)
She
sent
them
a
present
to
show/express
her
gratitude.
她送了他们一件礼物，以表达她的感激之情。
易混比较：
grateful/thinkful
grateful含义较具体，通常用于人们在得到好处、恩惠、善待等情况下表达的感激之情；
thankful含义较抽象，含有感谢上帝、运气、命运等意味，主要用于表示人们因避开了危险或结束了不愉快的经历等的宽慰心情。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
was
grateful
________
(have)
someone
to
talk
to.
②He
was
very
grateful
________
all
that
you
did.
③If
people
offer
their
help
or
wisdom
as
you
go
through
life,
accept
it
________
(grateful)．
④I
am
grateful
________
you
________
your
timely
help.
⑤Be
grateful
________
failure,
because
it
enriches
your
experiences
of
life.
⑥I
would
be
grateful
________
you
could
send
it
to
me
at
an
early
date.
⑦When
getting
married,
a
couple
kneel
on
the
floor
and
pass
the
tea
to
their
parents
to
express
their
________
(grateful)．
4.occasionally
adv.偶尔，偶然
(教材P104)It's
good
that
we
take
some
time
occasionally
to
remember
some
of
the
positive
things
in
life,
don't
you
agree?
我们偶尔花点时间记住一些生活中的积极的事情是很好的，不是吗？
(1)occasion
n.
……时候；时机；场合；理由
on
occasion
间或；有时；偶尔
on
this/that
occasion
这/那次
on
the
occasion
of...
在……之际；在……之时
(2)occasional
adj.
偶尔的；临时的
an
occasional
chat
临时谈话
(3)occasionally
adv.
偶尔，偶然
?Occasionally,
I
would
read
a
novel
that
was
assigned,
but
I
didn't
enjoy
this
type
of
reading.偶尔，我会读指定的小说，但我不喜欢这种阅读方式。
?Disputes
occasionally
occurred
between
us.我们之间偶尔也会发生争论。
?For
those
of
you
who
like
to
print
an
occasional
chat,
the
chat
window
now
includes
an
option
to
print
the
conversation.为了你们之中喜欢打印临时对话(的聊天记录)的人，聊天窗口现在包含了一个打印会话的选项。
?Its
biggest
downside
is
that,
on
occasion,
computers
fail
to
“awaken”
properly
from
this
mode,
and
you
have
to
do
a
full
restart.这样做最大的不利之处是，电脑有时无法从这种模式中正常被“唤醒”，你需要完全重新启动电脑。
?On
the
occasion
of
World
Food
Day
2007,
universities
in
Italy,
Ireland
and
Iran
are
establishing
institutes
or
launching
university
courses
on
the
right
to
food.意大利、爱尔兰和伊朗的大学在庆祝2007年世界粮食日的时候成立有关食物权问题的学院或开设相关的大学课程。
名师点津：
occasion作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则关系词要用when或where。侧重“时刻；时机”时用when，侧重“场合”时用where。
①Occasions
are
quite
rare
when
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.
我能有一整天时间陪孩子们的机会非常少。
②It
is
very
hard
for
me
to
have
the
occasion
where
we
can
have
a
discussion
about
our
future
life
together.对我来说，很难有我们在一起共同讨论未来生活的场合。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/用occasion的正确形式或含有occasion的相关短语填空
①I
saw
Bob
play
the
piano
at
John's
party
and
________
that
occasion
he
was
simply
brilliant.
②It
was
the
first
occasion
________
they
had
both
found
it
possible
to
reach
an
agreement.
③I
drink
a
cup
of
coffee
________
(occasional),
but
usually
I
take
tea.
④We
________
meet
for
a
drink
after
work.
⑤Our
English
teacher
taught
us
French
________________.
⑥He
was
presented
with
a
watch
________
the
occasion
of
his
retirement.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.hold
up举起；支撑
hold
on
等着；坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断
hold
back
阻碍；踌躇，犹豫；克制；隐瞒
hold
out
伸出；坚持；抵抗
hold
off
(雨或风暴)不开始；推迟；抵挡住
hold
on
to
紧紧抓住
知识拓展：
(1)hold
sb.
by
the＋身体部位(＝hold
sb.'s＋身体部位)
如：I
held
him
by
the
arm/sleeve.我抓住他的胳膊/袖子。
＝I
held
his
arm/sleeve.
(2)catch
sb.
by
the＋身体部位
lead
sb.
by
the＋身体部位
如：I
caught
him
by
the
collar/hair.我抓住他的衣领/头发。
(3)hit/strike
sb.＋on
the＋身体部位
如：The
man
hit
the
boy
on
the
head.那人打中了那男孩的头。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①雨还好，等我们用完野餐才下起来。
The
rain
________________________
just
long
enough
for
us
to
have
our
picnic.
②我们对这些攻击能抵抗多久？
How
long
can
we
________________________
against
these
attacks?
③她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
She
________________________，
not
knowing
how
to
break
the
terrible
news.
④他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己往下滑。
He
________________________
to
stop
himself
slipping.
⑤他惊讶地举起了手。
He
________________________
in
surprise.
2.lean
on依赖；依靠
lean
back
往后仰
lean
forward
前倾
lean
sth.
out
探出
佳句欣赏：
①Everybody
needs
someone
to
lean
on
in
terms
of
trouble.
每个人身处困境时都需要有个人来依靠。
②We
always
lean
on
our
parents
when
we
are
in
trouble.
我们有困难时总寻求父母的支持。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①自己做，不要依赖别人的支持。
Do
it
yourself,
and
do
not
________________________
for
support.
②把头伸出去一下，看看是不是在下雨。
________________________
for
a
moment
and
see
if
it's
raining.
③请不要坐在椅子上往后仰，你会把椅子弄坏的。
Please
don't
________________________；
you'll
break
it.
④他向前倾着身子并拍我的肩膀。
He
________________________
and
patted
me
on
the
shoulder.
3.stand
by袖手旁观；做好准备；帮助；支持
stand
out
出色，杰出；显眼，突出
stand
up
to
抵抗，勇敢反对
stand
for
代表；主张；容忍
知识拓展：
stand
①vt.忍受(＝put
up
with;
bear)
I
can't
stand
what
he
said
to
me.我不能忍受他对我说的话。
②n.货摊
He
set
up
a
book
stand
beside
the
street
selling
books
for
children.
他在大街边上设了个书摊儿卖儿童书籍。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①如果我们知道那些都代表的是什么，它就会更容易理解了。
It'll
be
even
easier
to
follow
if
we
know
what
all
of
those
________________________.
②当数百万人挨饿时，我们不能袖手旁观。
We
can't
________________________
while
millions
of
people
starve.
③不要害怕困难，要有信心克服困难，你就会成功。
Don't
be
afraid
of
difficulties;
______________________________________
them
with
confidence
and
you'll
succeed.
④无论干什么事，他都干得很出色。
He
________________________
in
everything
he
does.
4.in
times
of根据……，就……而言
at
a
time逐一，一次
all
the
time一直
from
time
to
time有时，不时
for
the
time
being暂时
at
the
same
time同时
at
one
time一度，曾经
ahead
of
time提前
in
no
time立刻，马上
have
a
good
time玩得很愉快
佳句欣赏：
①In
terms
of
money,
he's
quite
rich,
but
not
in
terms
of
happiness.
就钱来说，他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。
②It
is
wrong
to
try
to
judge
happiness
in
terms
of
worldly
success.
试图以世间的成功来判断幸福是错误的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Let's
meet
for
lunch.
I'll
call
you
ahead
________
time
to
fix
up
exactly
when
and
where.
②I'm
sorry,
but
I'm
too
busy
to
help
you
now—I
can
only
do
one
thing
at
________
time.
③I
believe
that
my
English
will
have
a
great
improvement
________
no
time.
④Her
daughters
visited
him
________
time
to
time
when
he
was
ill.
⑤I
got
a
new
job
this
year
where
I
am
on
the
go
all
________
time.
⑥They
are
going
to
have
________
good
time
in
summer
holidays.
⑦It
seemed
like
a
good
idea
at
________
time.
⑧Leave
the
ironing
________
the
time
being—I'll
do
it
later.
?第三版块：典型句式
It
is
enough
to
do
sth.
此句型中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
类似的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(clear/obvious/true/natural/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible
/likely/probable/certain/fortunate)＋that从句．..
(2)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/believed/thought/expected/announced/confirmed)＋that从句．..
(3)It＋be＋名词(a
pity/no
wonder/an
honour/a
good
idea/a
fact/good
news)＋that从句．..
(4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turn
out)＋that从句．..
名师点津：
在“It
is/was＋形容词＋that从句；It
is/was＋过去分词＋that从句；It
is/was＋名词＋that从句；It＋不及物动词＋that从句”这些句型中that从句是名词性从句，在句中作真正的主语，而it只是形式主语。that从句中的时态要根据句中的整体情况来确定。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①据说他去过欧洲。
________________________
he
has
been
to
Europe.
②对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。
________________________
a
bit
of
good.
③英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是不争的事实。
________________________
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.
④真让人惊讶，她居然通过了这次有难度的考试。
________________________
she
passed
the
difficult
exam.
⑤碰巧那天他们不在家。
________________________
they
were
out
that
day.
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．进进出出，时进时出
________________
2．在……的时刻
________________
3．袖手旁观；做好准备；帮助；支持
________________
4．依赖，依靠
________________
5．举起，支撑
________________
6．一系列
________________
7．幽默感
________________
8．与……亲近
________________
Ⅱ.练句子：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】Many
people
will
walk
in
and
out
of
your
life,
but
only
true
friends
will
leave
footprints
in
your
heart.
【仿句】俚语常常很快地流行，又很快地过时。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】Friends
show
their
love
in
times
of
trouble,
not
in
happiness.
【仿句】在自然灾害期间，人们需要听到的是同情，而不是枯燥的数据。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】The
people
in
your
life
are
like
the
pillars
on
your
porch.
Sometimes
they
hold
you
up
and
sometimes
they
lean
on
you.
Sometimes
it's
enough
to
know
they
are
standing
by.
【仿句】如果我们每一个人捐一点钱的话，就足够买联欢会所需要的东西了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】I
have
so
many
great
memories,
but
one
particular
occasion
is
the
day
of
my
graduation.
【仿句】我虽然有如此多朋友，但在内心深处还是惧怕寂寞。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】I'm
close
to
my
mother
because
she
understands
and
supports
me.
【仿句】我没有透露我的名字，因为如果我这么做的话，我想你可能就不会来了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
It
is
a
radio
show
1.________
people
are
talking
about
their
most
special
relationships.
Stephanie
thinks
that
it
is
her
mother,
who
is
kind,
loving
and
2.________
(passion),
that
she
is
close
to,
because
she
provides
complete
support
and
has
a
thorough
3.________
(understand)
of
her.
Stephanie
tells
a
favourite
memory
she
has
with
her
mother.
When
she
was
five,
she
4.________
(look)
forward
to
the
arrival
of
Christmas
Day,
because
she
would
get
5.________
(present)
from
Santa
Claus
and
have
a
big
family
dinner
and
lots
of
fun.
6.________
(unfortunate),
she
came
down
7.________
a
serious
flu
and
couldn't
get
out
of
bed.
So
she
had
to
8.________
(miss)
the
celebration
and
felt
terrible
all
day.
But
her
mother
looked
after
her
very
well
and
when
she
felt
9.________
(good)
the
next
week,
her
mother
hosted
another
Christmas
dinner,
especially
10.________
her.
Therefore,
she
remembers
it
clearly
because
she
feels
so
loved.
Unit
1　Relationships
Part
Ⅰ　Topic
Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．grateful　2.extremely　3.emotional　4.incredible　5.host
6．secondary　7.outgoing　8.passionate　9.humour　10.trait
Ⅱ.
1．grateful　2.extremely　3.emotional　4.incredible
5．hosting　6.secondary　7.outgoing　8.passionate
9．humour　10.traits
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①traits　②character　③quality
2．①passionately　②about　③passionate
3．①to
have　②for　③gratefully　④to　for　⑤for　⑥if　⑦gratitude
4．①on　②when　③occasionally　④occasionally
⑤occasionally　⑥on
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①held
off　②hold
out　③held
back　④held
on
to
the
rock　⑤held
up
his
hand
2．①lean
on
others　②Lean
your
head
out　③lean
back
in
your
chair　④leaned
forward
3．①stand
for　②stand
by　③stand
up
to　④stands
out
4．①of　②a　③in　④from　⑤the　⑥a　⑦one　⑧for
?第三版块：典型句式
①It
is
said
that　②It
is
not
hard
for
one
to
do　③It
is
a
fact
that　④It
was
surprising
that　⑤It
happened
that
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．in
and
out
of　2.in
times
of　3.stand
by　4.lean
on　5.hold...up　6.a
series
of　7.sense
of
humour　8.be
close
to
Ⅱ.
1．Slang
often
goes
in
and
out
of
fashion
quickly.
2．People
need
hear
empathy
in
times
of
natural
disasters,
not
dry
data.
3．If
each
of
us
kicks
in
a
small
amount
of
money,
it'll
be
enough
to
buy
things
for
the
party.
4．I
have
so
many
friends,
but
deep
down,
I
have
a
fear
of
loneliness.
5．I
didn't
give
away
my
name
because
if
I
did
I
thought
you
might
not
have
come.
Ⅲ.
1．where　2.passionate　3.understanding　4.looked
5．presents　6.Unfortunately　7.with　8.miss　9.better　10.forUnit
1
Relationships
PartⅡ　Lesson
1　Teachers
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与社会
课时词汇
practical,
rocket,
pour,
lack,
presentation,
behaviour,
drag,
access,
worthwhile,
educationalist
常用短语
add
up
to,
for
the
first
time,
pour
into,
set
off,
lack
confidence
in,
give
a
presentation
to,
a
couple
of,
used
to,
catch
sb.
doing
sth.,
set
up,
make
sure,
have
access
to,
break
into,
break
down,
run
out
of
重点句式
(1)There
is
no
reason
to
do...没有理由做……
(2)名词性从句作宾语、表语
(3)If
only引导虚拟语气从句
(4)the
first
time/day引导时间状语从句
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
n.
教育(学)家
2．________________
adj.
值得做的；重要的；有益的
3．________________
n.
进入；接触的机会
4．________________
vt.
拖，拉
5．________________
n.
行为，举止
6．________________
n.
报告；陈述，说明
7．________________
vt.
缺乏
8．________________
vt.
灌，注，倒
9．________________
n.
火箭
10．________________
adj.
实际的；实践的；切实可行的
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．British
________
(教育家)
are
divided
about
how
best
to
teach
reading.
2．We
all
felt
we
had
done
something
________
(有益的)
for
the
local
community.
3．Disabled
visitors
are
welcome;
there
is
good
wheelchair
________
(进入，通道)
to
most
facilities.
4．We
________
(拖)
the
fallen
tree
clear
of
the
road.
5．Their
________
(行为)
towards
me
shows
that
they
do
not
like
me.
6．I
always
ask
how
much
time
I
have
to
make
my
p________.
7．What
we
l________
in
this
house
is
space
to
store
things.
8．Although
I
p________
it
carefully,
I
still
managed
to
spill
some.
9．China
successfully
launched
nine
r________
at
one
time.
10．There
are
some
obvious
p________
applications
of
the
research.
?第一版块：重点单词
1.pour
vt.倒；注；灌　vi.(雨)倾盆而下；(水等)不断流出；(烟等)冒出；不断涌向/涌现
(教材P8)I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
fuel
into
the
rocket,
and
then
another
student
lit
a
match
to
set
it
off.我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进了火箭里，然后(让)另一名学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。
pour
into/out
of
涌入/涌出
pour
out
毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；(感情或话语)奔涌，迸发
pour
oil
on
the
flames
使情况变得更糟；火上加油
pour
oil
on
troubled
water(s)
调解争端，平息风波等
pour
sth.
out
尽情表达出来
?Please
pour
me
another
cup
of
tea.请再给我倒一杯茶。
?After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
on
the
stove.
然后我把油倒进了平底锅里，打开了炉子。
?People
poured
into
the
square
from
all
parts
of
the
city.
人们从全市各处涌向广场。
?She
poured
out
her
troubles
to
me
over
a
cup
of
coffee.
她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。
?It
never
rains
but
it
pours.不雨则已，雨则倾盆(祸不单行)。
?Tears
of
happiness
poured
down
Susan's
cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊不断流了下来。
light短语
in
the
light
of...根据，按照，考虑到……
with
a
light
heart心情愉快地
light
on/upon注意到，看见，发现
light
on
one's
feet/legs脱险
light
out
(for...)匆匆离开(奔向……)
light
into
sb.攻击/谩骂某人
易混点拨：
light作动词时，其过去分词有lit和lighted两种形式，但在用法上有区别。一般说来，过去分词作定语时用lighted，其他情况下用lit。如：
He
has
lit
a
match.他点燃了一根火柴。
The
match
is
lit.火柴点燃了。
He
was
holding
a
lighted
match.他手里拿着一根点燃的火柴。
[即学即练]　完成句子/翻译句子
①每年都有大量的游客涌入这座城市，这确实给当地人带来了不便。
Every
year
a
large
number
of
visitors
________________
this
city,
which
indeed
causes
inconvenience
to
the
local
people.
②这位老人被深深震撼，尽管高傲，他也不得不吐露出自己的感情。
The
old
man
had
been
deeply
shaken
and
was
forced
to
________________
his
feelings
in
spite
of
pride.
③Some
chemical
factories
pour
waste
water
into
rivers
for
convenience,
resulting
in
serious
water
pollution.
________________________________________________________________________
④I
lost
my
way
in
darkness
and,
to
make
things
worse,
it
began
to
pour.
________________________________________________________________________
2.lack
vt.缺乏；没有　n．[U]缺乏；匮乏
(教材P8)The
problem
was
that
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。
a
lack
of...
缺乏……
for
lack
of...
由于缺乏……
no
lack
of...
不乏……
lacking
adj.
缺乏的
be
lacking
in...
缺乏……
?A
lack
of
food
made
people
suffer.缺乏食物使人们痛苦不堪。
?He
was
fired
by
the
boss
for
lack
of
skills.他因为技能不足被老板解雇了。
?The
painting
is
lacking
in
originality.这幅画缺乏创意。
特别提醒：
lack作动词时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
Jack
is
an
intelligent
pupil,
but
he
lacks
motivation
(＝is
lacking
in
motivation)．杰克是一个很聪明的学生，但缺乏积极性。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Though
________
(lack)
experience,
he
was
willing
to
work
hard.
②For
lack
________
money,
the
project
had
to
be
stopped.
③A
number
of
areas
have
been
seriously
hit
by
the
typhoon.
Now
people
in
the
affected
areas
are
lacking
________
food
and
fresh
water.
他缺乏自信。
④He
________
confidence.
⑤He
________________________
confidence.
3.presentation
n．报告；陈述，说明
(教材P8)I
was
interested
in
the
study
of
the
stars
and
planets
and
he
asked
me
to
give
a
presentation
to
the
class.我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个展示。
(1)give
a
presentation
of
sth.
(to
sb.)
对某事(向某人)进行介绍
a
presentation
ceremony
颁奖仪式
payable
on
presentation
提交付款
cash
on
presentation
of
documents
交单付现
(2)present
sth.
to
sb.
把某物送给某人
present
sb.
with
sth.
授予某人某物
present
sb.
to
sb.
else
向某人介绍某人
(3)give
sb.
a
present
经某人一件礼物
(4)at
present
现在；目前
for
the
present
眼前，暂时
live
in
the
present
活在当下
be
present
at...
出席……
be
absent
from...
缺席
present
oneself
出席；到场
?Always
make
your
presentation
just
a
bit
shorter
than
anticipated.
每次都让你的演讲比预期的稍微短一点。
?The
Grammy
Awards
are
presented
every
year
in
the
music
industry.
音乐界每年都颁发格莱美奖。
?At
the
end
of
the
programme,
the
students
presented
papers
on
their
research.
项目结束时，学生们提交了他们的研究论文。
?The
music
today
can't
be
presented
the
way
it
was
in
1908
or
1958.
今天的音乐不能以1908年或1958年那样的方式呈现。
?He
presented
a
medal
to
the
winner.＝He
presented
the
winner
with
a
medal.
他向获胜者颁发奖牌。
?I've
got
enough
money
for
the
present.我的钱暂时够用。
?We
will
have
a
report
on
the
present
state.
我们将会针对目前的情况进行一次报道。
?All
the
people
present
at
the
meeting
were
his
supporters.
所有出席会议的人都是他的支持者。
名师点津：
present
vt.陈述；提出；赠予；颁予；提交；呈现；出示
n.
[C]礼物；礼品
adj.现在的，目前的(仅用于名词前)；出席的，到场的(不用于名词前，作后置定语或表语)
易混提醒：
(1)present作动词用时，其重音在第二个音节；用作名词和形容词时，重音在第一个音节。
(2)动词present有自己的名词形式presentation，意为报告、陈述、说明，在意思上与动词present有些不同。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Guest
speakers
will
also
present
prizes
________
the
students.
②David's
manager
presented
him
________
the
award
for
best
sales
in
the
region.
③Tom
is
busy
________
present.
Can
he
ring
you
later?
④The
sales
manager
will
give
a
________
(present)
on
the
new
products.
⑤I
don't
think
we
should
expand
our
business
in
the
present
economic
climate.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥The
workers
present
immediately
requested
that
he
reconsider
his
decision.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4.behaviour
n．行为；举止　behave
vi.表现；举止规矩有礼
(教材P9)I
had
heard
stories
about
his
bad
behaviour.我听说过一些关于他的不良行为的故事。
behave
well
表现得好
behave
badly
表现得差
behave
oneself
举止规矩有礼
well?behaved
adj.
有礼貌的；行为端正的
badly?behaved
adj.
没有礼貌的；举止表现不好的
?His
behaviour
was,
in
a
word,
shocking.总之，他的行为是令人震惊的。
?Mr
Blake
was
a
gentleman.
He
knew
how
to
behave.
布莱克先生是位绅士。他知道如何举止得体。
?My
car
has
been
behaving
well
since
it
was
repaired.
我的汽车自修理后一直运行良好。
?The
kids
at
this
school
are
disciplined,
hard?working
and
well?behaved.
这所学校的孩子们遵守纪律、学习勤奋、彬彬有礼。
知识拓展：
good
behaviour良好的表现
loyal
behaviour
towards
sb.对待某人的忠实态度
be
on
one's
best
behaviour努力表现自己
behave
with
great
courage表现得非常勇敢
learn
how
to
behave学着规矩点
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①He
has
been
behaving
________
(strange)
recently.
②How
is
your
new
car
________
(behave)?
③Smoking
in
public
is
bad
________
(behave)．
④这些表现不好的孩子们真的很令我头疼。
________________________________________________________________________
5.access
n．(使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道；入口　vt.接近，进入；获取，访问(计算机文件)
(教材P9)The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.做教师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。
(1)access
a
website
through
this
link
通过这连接访问某个网站
access
the
building
through
the
door
通过此门进入这座大楼
(2)have
access
to
有机会/权力进入/使用/见到……
gain/get
access
to
进入(某地)；见到(某人或某物)
the
only
access
to
the
farmhouse
进入农舍的唯一通道
provide/give
access
to
sb./sth.
接见某人；向……开放；给予……权利
(3)accessible
adj.
易接近的；容易理解的；易相处的
be
accessible
to
sb.
某人可接触……
?The
facilities
have
been
adapted
to
give
access
to
wheelchair
users.
这些设施已经被改造过以方便轮椅使用者使用。
?They
now
have
access
to
the
mass
markets
of
Japan.
他们现在有机会进入日本的大众市场。
?You
need
a
password
to
get
access
to
the
computer
system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
?You've
illegally
accessed
and
misused
confidential
security
files.
你已经非法获取并盗用了机密的安全文件。
?Some
banks
charge
if
you
access
your
account
to
determine
your
balance.
有些银行会在你查询账户余额时收费。
?The
certificates
of
the
technical
schools
give
(us)
access
to
the
entrance
examination
at
the
relevant
faculties
and
colleges.技术学校的文凭提供了参加相关院系和大学入学考试的权利。
?These
documents
are
not
accessible
to
the
public.公众无法看到这些文件。
联想拓展：
accessible
adj.易接近的；容易理解；易相处的
be
accessible
to
sb.某人可接触……
These
documents
are
not
accessible
to
the
public.
公众无法看到这些文件。
知识归纳：后跟介词to的名词
the
answer
to...
the
key
to...
the
way
to...
the
attitude
to...
the
objection
to...
the
ability
to...
the
access
to...
the
approach
to...
the
guide
to...
the
reference
to...
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①There
are
some
literary
books
that
are
________
(access)
to
a
general
audience.
②The
only
access
________
the
farmhouse
is
across
the
fields.
③Students
must
have
access
to
good
resources.
________________________________________________________________________
④The
loft
can
be
accessible
by
a
ladder.
________________________________________________________________________
6.worthwhile
adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
(教材P9)If
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,
then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的是值得的。
(1)it
is
worthwhile
(for
sb.)
to
do...
(对某人来说)做……是值得的
it
is
worthwhile
doing
sth.
做……是值得的
(2)sth.
is
(well)
worth
doing
某事值得一做
sth.
is
worth
100
dollars
某物有100美元的价值
sth.
is
(well)
worth
the
money/the
effort/a
try
某事值得花钱/努力/一试
be
worth
it
值得一干；值得花时间/精力
(3)sth.
is
worthy
?It
was
in
aid
of
a
worthwhile
cause.这是为高尚的事业尽一份力。
?Want
to
explore
new
cultures,
meet
new
people
and
do
something
worthwhile
at
the
same
time？想探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有价值的事情吗？(worthwhile作后置定语)
?I
thought
it
was
worthwhile
to
clarify
the
matter.我认为有必要澄清事实。
?It
wasn't
worthwhile
continuing
with
the
project.
这个项目不值得再继续了。
?The
money
we
raise
will
be
going
to
a
very
worthy
cause.
我们筹集的钱款将用于一项非常崇高的事业。
?A
number
of
the
report's
findings
are
worthy
of
note.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
?This
suggestion
is
worthy
of
consideration.＝This
suggestion
is
worthy
of
being
considered.＝This
suggestion
is
worthy
to
be
considered.这个建议值得考虑。
?The
team
needs
a
driver
of
his
worth.这支队伍需要一位他这样技术水平的司机。
?These
books
might
be
worth
￡80
or
more
to
a
collector.
这些书对收藏家而言可能值八十英镑或更多。
⑩He's
decided
to
get
a
look
at
the
house
and
see
if
it
is
worth
buying.
他决定去瞧瞧那栋房子，看是否值得买。
特别提醒：
worthy
adj.
①有价值的；值得重视的；了不起的；②值得的；③配得上的；应受……的
作定语时，主要用于修饰人、事业或生活等抽象名词；作表语时，后面常接动词不定式的被动语态，或接介词of，再加名词或动名词的被动语态。
如：(1)a
worthy
gentleman受人敬仰的绅士
a
worthy
rival值得较量一番的对手
(2)worthy
to
be
praised值得表扬
(3)a
winner
worthy
of
being
called
a
champion配称冠军称号的胜利者
a
crime
worthy
of
death应处死刑的罪行
名师点拨：
worth只能作表语，后接名词或动词的主动形式
worthy可作表语，也可作定语后接to
do
sth.或of
sth.
worthy
of后面接被动式的动名词，而worth后接主动式的动名词，虽然形式上是主动的，但意义仍然是被动的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/用worth,
worthy或worthwhile填空/一句多译
①The
young
man
is
worthy
________
(teach)．
②The
professor
is
worthy
________
our
respect.
③I
don't
think
the
necklace
made
of
diamond
is
worthy
of
________
(buy)．
④It
is
worthwhile
________
(visit)
the
museum.
⑤The
museum
is
worth
________
(visit)．
⑥The
second?hand
car
is
________
no
more
than
5,000
yuan.
⑦Soon
you
will
find
helping
others
is
________.
⑧The
book
is
________
of
being
read.
⑨The
book
is
well
________
reading.
⑩It
is
________
to
include
really
high?quality
illustrations.
这部电影值得一看。
?The
film
is
worth
________.
?The
film
is
worthy
________________.
?It
is
worthwhile
________________
the
film.
?It
is
worthwhile
________________
the
film.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.add
up
to合计达；总计达(不用于被动语态)
(1)add...to...
把……加到/加进……里
add
to
增加；扩大
add
that...
补充说……
add
up
合乎情理；把……加起来
(2)in
addition
(to
sb./sth.)
除……以外(还)；另外
(3)additional
adj.
额外的，附加的
典型例句：
(1)His
coming
added
to
our
difficulties.他的到来增加了我们的困境。
(2)Don't
add
insult
to
injury.不要辱上加辱。
(3)The
school
has
been
added
to
several
times.这所学校已扩建过几次了。
(4)Please
add
some
fire
wood
to
the
fire.请给这火添点柴。
(5)Can
you
add
these
figures
up
and
let
us
see
the
result？你能把这些数字加起来看看结果是多少吗？
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Working
out
in
the
morning
provides
________
(add)
benefits
beyond
being
physically
fit.
②Our
café
offers
a
complete
menu
of
lunch
and
snack
options,
________________
(除……以外还)
seasonal
specials.
③Police
said
they
arrested
Olivia
because
her
statements
did
not
________________
(合乎情理)．
④________________
(把……加起来)
all
the
expenses
and
you'll
find
that
you
cannot
afford
the
trip.
⑤众所周知，好朋友会给生活添加快乐，使生活更有意义。
As
is
known
to
all,
good
friends
________________________
life.
2.set
off出发，动身；使爆炸/引爆；(事业等)腾飞
set
about
sth./doing
sth.
[不用于被动语态]开始做；着手做
set
sth.
aside
将某事物放在一边；(为某目的)省出或留出(钱或时间)
set
sth.
down
记下；写下
set
out
出发
set
to
起劲地干起来
set
sth.
up
创建，开办；安排，策划
A—A—A类不规则动词
put—put—put—putting
bet—bet—bet—betting
set—set—set—setting
let—let—let—letting
hit—hit—hit—hitting
hurt—hurt—hurt—hurting
read—read—read—reading
rid—rid—rid—ridding
shut—shut—shut—shutting
split—split—split—splitting
thrust—thrust—thrust—thrusting
upset—upset—upset—upsetting
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
was
only
found
because
he
set
________
some
fireworks
to
attract
attention
to
himself.
②We
need
to
set
________
a
meeting
to
discuss
the
proposals.
③He
is
setting
________
his
memories
of
village
life.
④Remove
the
mushrooms
and
set
them
________.
⑤She
set
________
with
the
aim
of
becoming
the
youngest
ever
winner
of
the
championship.
⑥It
has
set
us
________
in
so
many
respects
that
I'm
not
sure
how
long
it
will
take
for
us
to
catch
up.
⑦We
set
________
preparing
for
the
party
one
week
ago.
3.used
to过去经常，曾经(后接动词原形)
(1)否定形式
(2)疑问形式
(3)There
used
to
be...过去曾经有……；过去曾存在……
易混辨析：
be
used
to
do
sth.被用来做……
get/be
used
to
doing
sth.习惯于做某事
used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事(现在不这样了)
例如：
(1)He
used
to
get
up
at
6：00
in
the
morning
but
now
he
has
got
used
to
getting
up
at
5：00.他过去常常是早晨六点起床但现在他习惯早上五点起床了。
(2)These
recycled
waste
papers
and
books
can
be
used
to
make
new
paper.这些回收来的废试卷和书可以被用来制作新纸张。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Life
here
is
much
easier
than
it
used
to
________
(be)．
②Some
e?waste
was
recycled
and
used
________
(produce)
something
useful.
③I
didn't
think
I
could
ever
get
used
to
________
(live)
in
a
big
city
after
living
in
the
country.
?第三版块：典型句式
1.if
only...但愿；要是……就好了
(1)If
only...＝How
I
wish...
(2)if
only...是一个独立的句子，要用虚拟语气，用来表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。if
only引导的句子的谓语如下：
易混比较：only
if与if
only
(1)only
if是以only限制if，意为only
on
condition
that(只有在……条件下)，它引入一个“非此不可”的条件，表示“只有这个条件才行”，一般译为“只有，除非”。only
if位于句首时，主句部分一般应倒装。如：Only
if
a
teacher
has
given
permission
is
a
student
allowed
to
enter
this
room.只有得到老师准许，学生才可进入教室。
(2)if
only后接假设语气的动词，表示惋惜、愿望等情感色彩，用虚拟语气。
If
only
he
were
alive！他要是活着多好呀！
If
only
you
had
come
5
minutes
earlier！你要是早来五分钟就好了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①—I
didn't
see
you
at
the
concert
last
week.
What
a
pity!
—If
only
I
____________
(afford)
the
time.
②If
only
everyone
here
________
(be)
honest.
③If
it
had
not
been
for
your
help,
we
________________
(find)
the
station.
④I
had
no
information
about
my
son.
________________
(要是我没有说……该多好)
those
tough
words
to
him.
2．I
wish＋宾语从句
　　　　
(1)“wish＋宾语从句”意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。
(2)wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：
主句主语＋wish＋从句主语＋
易混提示：
hope和wish都表示“希望”之意，但用法和搭配各异。
(1)表示希望做某事用hope
to
do
sth.或wish
to
do
sth.
(2)表示希望某人做某事，可说wish
sb.
to
do
sth.或hope
that
sb.
will
do
sth.或wish
that
sb.
would
do
sth.不可以说hope
sb.
to
do
sth.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
wish
he
________
(go)
with
us
to
the
theatre
next
Thursday.
②She
wished
she
________
(be)
at
home
then.
③I
wish
I
________
(live)
on
the
seashore.
④我要是记得她的地址就好了。
I
wish
________________________.
⑤我要是去车站送她就好了，但我太忙了。
How
I
wish
________________________，
but
I
was
too
busy.
⑥我真希望他马上来。
I
wish
________________________
at
once.
3.“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P8)But
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
interesting.但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
在此结构中可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词等。
(1)make
sb.
do
sth.
使某人做某事
(2)make
sb./sth.＋形容词
使某人/某事处于某种状态
(3)make
sb./sth.＋名词
使某人/某物成为……；让某人/某物担当某职务
(4)make
sb./sth.＋过去分词
使某人/某物被……(宾语和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
?Aunt
Wang
tried
to
make
us
stay
for
supper.王阿姨试图留我们吃晚饭。
?The
news
made
him
very
happy.这消息使他非常高兴。
?We
made
him
chairman
of
our
English
Speaking
Society.我们选他当我们英语会话社的主席。
?He
raised
his
voice
in
order
to
make
himself
understood.他提高嗓门，以便大家能听懂他的话。
特别提醒：
在make
sb.
do
sth.的被动结构中，省略的不定式符号to要恢复，即sb.
be
made
to
do
sth.。
They
were
made
to
sit
and
wait
for
two
hours.他们被迫坐着等了两个小时。
Children
should
be
made
to
understand
the
importance
of
table
manners.应该让孩子们明白餐桌礼仪的重要性。
[即学即练]　完成句子/单句语法填空
①她让他做她的秘书。
She
________________________.
②我的老师认为我优秀，学习好，这使我更自信了。
My
teacher
thinks
I
am
excellent
and
I
can
do
well
in
my
study,
which
______________________________________.
③他的话让我们都大笑起来。
What
he
said
____________________________.
④The
boss
made
his
workers
________
(work)
from
morning
till
night.
⑤Can
I
make
myself
________
(hear)
in
such
a
voice?
⑥She
made
a
balanced
diet
to
make
the
family
________
(health)．
⑦The
boy
was
made
________
(do)
housework.
4.介词后的宾语从句
(教材P8)Often
when
I'm
preparing
a
programme,
I
think
about
how
Mr
Jenkins
would
have
done
it.在准备项目时，我常会想如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语成分，它可以在介词后充当宾语。
?Everything
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
experience.
一切(都)取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
?She
always
think
of
how
she
can
work
well.
她总是在想怎样把工作做好。
特别提醒：
that引导的宾语从句，除了几个表示“除……之外”的介词，如except,
but,
besides之外，不可直接作介词的宾语，但可跟在形式宾语it之后，作介词的实际宾语。
I
know
nothing
about
him
except
that
he
lives
next
door.除了他住在隔壁，我对他一无所知。
I'm
counting
on
it
that
you
will
come.我正指望着你会来。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His
speech
is
so
confusing
that
it's
difficult
to
make
out
________
he
is
trying
to
express.
②This
still
leaves
the
question
of
________
local
public
services
should
be
improved
in
the
next
five
years.
③The
5G
cellphone
must
be
of
great
use
and
convenience
to
________
wants
to
get
information
through
the
Internet
quickly.
④I
shall
see
to
it
________
he
is
taken
good
care
of
when
you
are
absent.
⑤Over
thousands
of
years,
they
began
to
depend
less
on
________
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
5.time后接定语从句的用法
(教材P8)That
was
really
the
first
time
I
tried
to
explain
science
to
an
audience
and
now
it's
my
job！那真的是我第一次尝试向观众讲解科学知识，现在这成了我的工作！
当time表示“次数”时，用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当time表示“一段时间”时，用关系副词when或at/during
which引导定语从句。
?This
is
the
second
time
that
the
nice
young
man
invited
me
out
for
dinner!
这是那位好心的年轻人第二次请我出去吃晚餐！
?There
was
a
time
when
buildings
in
this
city
were
almost
of
the
same
height.
曾经有段时间，这座城市的建筑物几乎都是一样高的。
[特别注意]
the
first
time常用于句型it
is/was
the
first
time
that
sb.
has/had
done
sth.，意为“那是某人第一次做某事”。如果主句谓语动词为is，从句用现在完成时；主句谓语动词为was，从句则用过去完成时。
?It
is
first
time
since
1976
that
an
asteroid
has
come
so
close
to
Earth.
这是自1976年以来第一次有小行星如此近距离地接近地球。
?It
was
the
first
time
that
they
had
chatted
with
their
parents
like
friends.
那是他们第一次和父母像朋友一样聊天。
易混辨析：
(1)the
first
time意为“第一次”，在句中起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The
first
time
my
faults
were
pointed
out,
I
felt
ashamed.第一次被指出过失的时候，我感到很羞愧。
(2)for
the
first
time意为“初次”，是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
He
was
invited
to
give
an
important
talk
in
public
for
the
first
time.他第一次受邀在公众场合作一个重要报告。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①I
still
remember
the
first
time
________
we
met
in
school.
②He
thought
of
the
happy
time
________
he
lived
with
his
parents
in
that
mountain
village.
③It
is
the
first
time
that
I
________
(speak)
to
a
foreigner.
④It
was
the
first
time
that
I
________
(see)
the
professor
himself.
⑤The
first
time
when
I
met
her,
she
was
working
in
a
bookshop.________________
⑥House
prices
are
rising
the
first
time
this
year.________________
6.“使役动词/感官动词＋宾语＋现在分词”复合结构
(教材P9)Once
I
caught
him
and
his
friends
seeing
who
could
jump
the
farthest
off
the
school
stage！有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。
现在分词作宾语补足语，对宾语起到补充说明的作用，通常强调动作是主动发生或正在进行的。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下两种：
(1)使役动词：catch,
have,
set,
keep,
get,
leave＋sb./sth.＋doing
sth.。
(2)表示感官、感觉或心理状态的动词：see,
watch,
look
at,
notice,
observe,
hear,
listen
to,
feel,
smell＋sb./sth.＋doing
sth.。
?It's
not
difficult
to
get
him
talking—the
problem
is
how
to
stop
him.
让他开口讲话并不难，问题是如何阻止他。
?Never
leave
children
playing
near
water
by
themselves.不要让孩子们独自在水边玩耍。
?I
noticed
a
boy
sliding
into
the
teachers'
office.我注意到一个男孩偷偷溜进了教师办公室。
?When
I
passed
by
Class
2,
I
saw
Kate
standing
in
the
front
of
the
classroom.
当我经过二班的时候，我看见凯特站在教室前面。
特别提醒：
①感官动词也可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常强调动作的完整/完成或经常发生的事。
I
saw
an
old
man
fall
on
the
ground
in
front
of
the
school
gate.我看见一位老人倒在了校门口的地上。
②使役动词let,
make,
have可以接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Never
let
the
baby
stay
alone
at
home.永远不要让婴儿一个人待在家里。
③有些动词如have,
get,
keep,
make等还可以接动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。
He
spoke
slowly
to
make
himself
understood.他慢慢地说话，来让人明白他的意思。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①What
he
said
set
me
________
(think)．
②Don't
have
the
machine
________
(work)
all
night;
it
may
go
wrong.
③When
I
watched
the
couple
________
(quarrel),
I
got
a
text
message
from
their
daughter.
④I
will
get
my
car
________
(repair)
this
Sunday.
⑤The
lost
girl
was
last
seen
________
(play)
near
the
woods.
⑥Suddenly,
we
heard
someone
________
(knock)
at
the
door.
⑦I
am
sorry
to
have
kept
you
________
(wait)
for
so
long.
⑧I
caught
a
boy
________
(cheat)
in
the
English
exam
yesterday.
⑨The
boss
made
his
workers
to
work
for
long
hours
every
day.________________
⑩I
often
hear
my
neighbour
singing
happily
in
the
morning.________________
7.部分否定
(教材P9)However,
I
have
not
done
as
well
with
all
my
students
as
I
have
with
Graham.
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。
某些表示全部含义的代词、副词以及某些表示全部含义的形容词所修饰的名词词组与not连用时表示部分否定，代词如all,
both；形容词如whole,
every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词；副词如altogether,
always,
entirely,
wholly,
quite等。
?Not
all
the
people
present
at
the
meeting
agree
with
you.
不是所有出席会议的人都支持你。
?All
men
here
are
not
honest.这儿的人并非都诚实。
?Both
of
the
sisters
are
not
here./Not
both
of
the
sisters
are
here.
并非两姐妹都在这里。
特别提醒：
全部否定要用none,
nobody,
nothing等。both的全部否定用neither;
everyone的全部否定用nobody或no
one。
None
of
them
know/knows
the
way.他们都不知道路。
Neither
sentence
is
right.两个句子都不对。
Nobody
knows
where
he
has
gone.没有人知道他去哪儿了。
[即学即练]　同义句转换/一句多译
①Not
all
the
ants
go
out
for
food.
→All
the
ants
________
for
food.
②Not
every
book
is
educative.
→Every
book
is
________.
不是所有的学生都支持这个规章制度。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
他的两个姐姐并非都同意他的提议。
⑤________________________________________________________________________
⑥________________________________________________________________________
8.It
is/was＋adj.＋(for/of
sb.)
to
do
sth.
(教材P9)I
think
it's
important
to
understand
that
there's
no
such
thing
as
a
good
or
a
bad
student.我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。
该句型是It作形式主语的一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是for引出的，句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的此类形容词有important,
necessary,
common,
normal,
natural,
hard,
difficult,
easy,
safe,
dangerous,
impossible,
pleasant等。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是of引出的，常用的形容词多为形容逻辑主语品质、特性的词，如clever,
wise,
bright,
silly,
foolish,
stupid,
kind,
cruel,
right,
wrong等。
?It
is
impossible
for
us
to
finish
the
work
on
time.我们不可能按时完成这项工作。
?It
is
important
for
her
to
come
to
the
party.来参加这个聚会对她来说很重要。
?It
is
kind
of
you
to
help
me.你能帮助我真是太好了。
名师提醒：
在It
is＋adj.＋for
sb.
to
do
sth.或It
is＋adj.＋of
sb.
to
do
sth.句型中，都是复合不定式作真正主语的句子，此句型中“for
sb.
to
do
sth.或of
sb.
to
do
sth.”都是“介词＋不定式的逻辑主语＋不定式”结构，这种结构就是不定式复合结构
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
is
impossible
________
(concentrate)
if
you
are
tense
or
nervous.
②________
is
necessary
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
③It
is
highly
necessary
________
our
government
to
stop
the
official
corruption.
④Is
________
possible
to
fly
to
the
moon
in
a
spaceship?
⑤It
is
kind
________
you
to
say
so.
9.what引导的主语从句
(教材P9)If
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,
then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile.作为老师如果可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的事情是值得的。
?What
she
saw
frightened
her.
她看到的东西吓了她一跳。(what在从句中作宾语)
?It
is
only
with
the
heart
that
one
can
see
rightly;
what
is
essential
is
invisible
to
the
eyes.
一个人只有用心去看，才能看清事实真相。事情的本质只用眼睛是看不到的。(what在从句中作主语)
?What
struck
me
was
that
they
had
all
suffered
a
lot.
让我震惊的是他们都受过很多苦。(what在从句中作主语)
名师点津：
翻译时可先翻译从句中what后面的成分，再翻译what，将what译为“……的事情、东西、样子等”。
名师点拨：
what在从句中作主语时，主句谓语由what从句谓语决定
what在从句中作宾语，主句谓语由主句表语(宾语)决定
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①________
caused
the
accident
is
still
a
complete
mystery.
②________
has
caused
great
confusion
is
how
he
made
it
without
anyone
else's
help.
③________
we
used
to
see
as
something
impossible
is
now
becoming
a
reality.
④________
makes
this
shop
different
is
that
it
offers
more
personal
services.
⑤That
he
did
know
was
that
he
was
very
thankful
for
the
opportunity
given
to
him.________________
⑥Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.________________
⑦Second,
I
listen
carefully
in
class
and
do
exercises
immediately
after
class
so
that
which
I
learn
can
be
deeply
understood.________________
⑧It
is
not
what
you
say
it
but
how
you
say
it
that
matters.________________
[词语积累]
①angle/'??ɡl/n.[C]角；角度
a
45°angle
45°角
②triangle/'tra???ɡl/
n．[C]三角形
③add
up
to总共是，总计为
④for
the
first
time首次，第一次。其在句中作状语。
I'll
never
forget
hearing
this
piece
of
music
for
the
first
time.我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
[拓展]the
first
time用作连词，引导从句。
I
knew
we
would
be
good
friends
the
first
time
I
met
her.我第一次见到她，就知道我们会成为好朋友。
⑤hydrogen/'ha?dr?d??n/n.[U]氢
⑥used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事
[辨析]be
used
to
do
sth.被用来做某事
be
used
to
doing
sth.习惯做某事
⑦rocket/'r?k?t/n.[C]火箭；火箭(弹)
⑧pour...into...把……倒进……
pour/p??(r)/vt.倾倒，倒出
⑨light
a
match点燃火柴
⑩set
off使(炸弹等)爆炸
?a
willing
student一个主动学习的学生
?slow
adj.迟钝的，笨的，理解力差的
?lack
confidence
in
oneself对自己缺乏信心
lack
vt.缺乏，没有
?strength在此意为“长处，优势”，是可数名词，反义词是weakness(缺点，弱点)。
?give
a
presentation作介绍
My
Teacher
I
haven't
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school,
but
I
often
think
about
him
【1】.
I
wasn't
very
good
at
most
school
subjects
before
I
met
Mr
Jenkins.
I
suppose
I
was
a
bit
lazy,
especially
in
maths.
The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles①
of
a
triangle②
add
up
to③
180
degrees
【2】！
But
when
I
was
15
and
went
into
Mr
Jenkins'
class,
I
really
became
interested
in
a
subject
for
the
first
time④.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个并列分句中包含一个since引导的时间状语从句。since引导时间状语从句时，其对应的主句常用现在完成时。
【2】本句为主从复合句，其中I
can
remember
from
school
maths为省略了关系代词that的定语从句(先行词被the
only修饰，关系代词宜用that)；that
the
angles...degrees为that引导的表语从句。
Before
Mr
Jenkins
taught
me,
science
had
simply
been
a
subject
full
of
strange
words
to
me.
I
had
no
idea
what
hydrogen⑤
was
【3】，
and
I
didn't
really
want
to
know,
either!
I
found
it
all
so
boring
and
difficult.
But
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
interesting.
He
used
to⑥
explain
things
which
seemed
difficult
with
lots
of
practical
examples
and
in
simple
language.
One
day,
he
took
us
outside,
and
we
built
a
rocket⑦
!
I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
fuel
into⑧
the
rocket,
and
then
another
student
lit
a
match⑨
to
set
it
off⑩.
It
was
great
fun.
【3】what在此引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容。
I
know
that
I
wasn't
a
willing
student?，
but
I
wasn't
slow?
to
learn
new
things.
The
problem
was
that
I
lacked
confidence
in?
myself.
Mr
Jenkins
made
me
feel
that
I
had
my
own
strengths?.
I
was
interested
in
the
study
of
the
stars
and
planets
and
he
asked
me
to
give
a
presentation?
to
the
class.
That
was
really
the
first
time
I
tried
to
explain
science
to
an
audience
【4】
and
now
it's
my
job!
Often
when
I'm
preparing
a
programme,
I
think
about
how
Mr
Jenkins
would
have
done
it.
Sometimes
I
think,
if
only
I
could
call
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion
【5】！
【4】That
was
the
first
time...意为“第一次……”，the
first
time引导表语从句。
【5】if
only引导从句常用虚拟语气表示主观愿望，意为“要是……就好了”。
我的老师
我虽然离开学校之后再也没有见过詹金斯先生，但常常想起他。遇到詹金斯先生以前，大多数科目我都不是很擅长。我想我那时候有点懒惰，特别是在数学方面。我唯一能记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度！但是在我15岁那年走进了詹金斯先生的课堂时，我第一次对一个学科真正产生了兴趣。
在上詹金斯先生的课之前，科学课对我来说就是一堆奇怪的词语。我不知道氢是什么，而且也一点都不想知道！我觉得它非常无聊又难以理解。但詹金斯先生让一切变得有趣起来。他常常结合很多实例并用简单的语言解释看似很难的东西。有一天，他把我们带到户外，我们一起造了一枚火箭！我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。那非常有趣。
我知道自己不是一个主动学习的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢，问题是我对自己缺乏信心。詹金斯先生让我感到我有自己的长处。我对恒星和行星的研究感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学做了一个介绍。那真的是我第一次设法向观众讲解科学(知识)，现在这成了我的工作！在准备一个项目时，我常会想，如果是詹金斯先生，他会怎么做。有时我想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！
[词语积累]
①a
couple
of几个，一些
②bad
behaviour不良行为
behaviour/b?'he?vj?(r)/
n．[U]行为，举止，态度
③catch
sb.
doing
sth.当场发现(或发觉)某人正在做某事
④set
up
an
experiment设置实验
⑤make
sure确保，设法保证
⑥the
path
to
success成功之路
⑦have
access
to有机会……
access/'?kses/n.[U](使用或见到的)机会，权利；通道，通路
⑧worthwhile/?w??θ'wa?l/adj.
值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
⑨educationalist/?ed?u'ke???n?l?st/n.教育学家
【单词拆解】
education(n.教育)＋?al(形容词后缀，表示“与……有关的”)＋?ist(名词后缀，表示“从事……的人”)→educationalist
　
　
　
My
Student
I've
read
a
couple
of①
Graham's
books
and
seen
him
on
TV.
I
always
say
to
my
wife,
“Oh
look,
I
used
to
teach
him！”
I
remember
Graham
was
very
difficult
before
he
came
into
my
class.
I
had
heard
stories
about
his
bad
behaviour②.
Once
I
caught
him
and
his
friends
seeing③
who
could
jump
the
farthest
off
the
school
stage!
But
when
he
got
interested,
he
changed.
The
first
day
he
walked
into
my
class,
he
was
dragging
his
schoolbag
behind
him
and
looking
bored,
but
as
soon
as
I
set
up
an
experiment④
to
show
how
the
human
stomach
works
using
acid
and
onion,
he
gave
me
his
full
attention
【1】.
He
loved
science!
He
was
very
bright
and
he
had
done
very
well
in
science
subjects.
【1】本句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，The
first
day引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，as
soon
as引导的时间状语从句中包含一个how引导的宾语从句。to
show...works作目的状语；现在分词短语using
acid
and
an
onion作方式状语。
However,
I
have
not
done
as
well
with
all
my
students
as
I
have
with
Graham
【2】.
I
think
it's
important
to
understand
that
there's
no
such
thing
as
a
good
or
a
bad
student.
Look
at
Graham!
Everyone
is
good
at
something
and
it's
important
to
find
out
what
that
is
for
each
student.
We
teachers
should
have
more
time
to
make
friends
with
all
our
students
and
really
understand
them.
Then
we
could
make
sure⑤
that
we
found
the
path
to
success⑥，
both
at
school
and
in
later
life,
for
all
of
them.
【2】本句中not...all...表示部分否定，意为“并非所有都……”。
I
knew
I
had
chosen
a
job
with
a
lot
of
stress
but
I
love
what
I
do.
The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to⑦
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn
【3】.
If
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,
then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile⑧
【4】.
As
John
Dewey,
the
famous
educationalist⑨，
said,
“Education
is
not
preparation
for
life;
education
is
life
itself.”
【3】本句为主从复合句，that在此引导表语从句，其中又含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【4】本句为主从复合句，If在此引导条件状语从句，then
I
know...worthwhile为主句。主句和从句中各包含一个what引导的主语从句。
我的学生
我读过几本格雷厄姆的书，也在电视上看到过他。我总会对妻子说：“啊，看，我曾经教过他！”我记得格雷厄姆来我的班上之前很难相处。我听说过一些他的不良行为。有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上往下跳得最远！但当他(对学习)产生兴趣时，他变了。他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副厌倦的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做实验来展示人类的胃如何运转时，他全神贯注。他热爱科学！他非常聪明，科学学科学得非常好。
不过，并不是每一个学生我都能教得像格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。看看格雷厄姆！每个人都有擅长的事，重要的是要找出每个学生擅长的是什么。我们老师应该花更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友，真正了解他们。这样才能确保我们为他们找到通向成功的道路，不管是在学业上还是以后的生活中。
我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我所做的事情。当老师意味着，当孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习时，你有机会走进他们的内心。作为老师，如果我所做的可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我做的是值得的。正如著名教育家约翰·杜威所说：“教育不是为生活做准备，教育就是生活本身。”
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．用完，耗尽
________________
2．抛锚
________________
3．破门而入
________________
4．可以进入
________________
5．确保
________________
6．竖立；建立，创立
________________
7．撞见某人在做某事
________________
8．过去经常，曾经
________________
9．一双，一对
________________
10．作报告
________________
11．缺乏自信
________________
12．出发；使爆炸；动身
________________
13．投入(倒)……于某物
________________
14．初次，第一次
________________
15．合计达，总计达
________________
Ⅱ.练句子：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】The
first
day
he
walked
into
my
class,
he
was
dragging
his
schoolbag
behind
him
and
looking
bored...
【仿句】我见到他的第一天，他正在实验室里专心致志地做项目。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】I
remember
Graham
was
very
difficult
before
he
came
into
my
class.
【仿句】他恰好在包裹到之前去美国了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】Sometimes
I
think,
if
only
I
could
call
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion!
【仿句】但愿我能得到一个学习德语的好机会。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles
of
a
triangle
add
up
to
180
degrees!
【仿句】但有一个问题是很少有人能长期坚持节食。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】I
suppose
I
was
a
bit
lazy,
especially
in
maths.
【仿句】认为她在说谎完全没有道理。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1．For
students,
preparing
for
gaokao
is
a
difficult
but
________
(值得的)
challenge
that
will
shape
their
future.
2．Tourists
should
keep
in
mind
that
they
are
representing
their
motherland
while
abroad,
so
they
need
to
be
cautious
about
their
________
(行为)．
3．Data
about
the
moon's
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
its
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
________
(切实可行的)．
4．________
(缺乏)
of
sleep
may
cause
anger
and
poor
memory.
5．When
someone
p________
tea
for
you,
lightly
knock
your
two
fingers
on
the
table
and
say
“thank
you”．
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．Ms
Wu
hasn't
fully
recovered,
has
she?
If
only
she
________
(follow)
the
doctor's
advice!
2．Considerable
evidence
has
been
found
over
the
years
________
lack
of
exercise
is
connected
with
increased
risk
of
cancer.
3．News
reports
say
peace
talks
between
the
two
countries
have
broken
________
with
no
agreement
reached.
4．The
system
has
been
designed
to
give
students
quick
and
easy
access
________
the
digital
resources
of
the
library.
5．A
lot
of
small
towns
in
the
area
are
definitely
worth
________
(visit)．
6．Anyone
caught
________
(throw)
waste
paper
on
the
ground
will
be
punished.
7．The
soldier
said
it
was
worthwhile
________
(give)
up
his
rest
time
to
save
more
people
caught
in
the
earthquake.
8．The
Chinese
people
traditionally
set
________
firecrackers
during
the
Spring
Festival,
in
the
belief
that
this
helps
scare
off
the
monster
named
Nian
and
brings
good
fortune.
9．After
that
I
poured
oil
________
a
pan
and
turned
on
the
stove.
10．Marry
used
to
________
(eat)
out
every
day,
but
now
she
is
used
to
________
(cook)
at
home.
Ⅴ.根据汉语完成句子
1．由于准备不足，我面试失败了。要是再给我一次机会就好了！
I
failed
the
interview
for
lack
of
preparation.
________________________！
(if
only)
2．只有双方都接受这个协议，该地区才能实现长久的和平。
Only
if
both
sides
accept
the
agreement
________________________.
(establish)
3．一到岛上，他们就迫不及待地要去探索这个未知的世界。
________________________，
they
couldn't
wait
to
explore
the
unknown
world.
(as
soon
as)
4．我们是一个大家庭，所以春节要买很多东西。通常，账单总计可达5
000元。
We
are
a
large
family
so
there
are
lots
of
things
to
buy
for
the
Spring
Festival.
Usually,
________________________.
(add)
5．当首次见到某人时，我们中很多人会根据他或她的行为和行动来判断其个性或兴趣。
________________________，
many
of
us
make
quick
judgments
about
his
or
her
personality
or
interests
based
on
how
he
or
she
acts.
Ⅵ.课文语法填空
Graham
wasn't
very
good
at
most
school
subjects
at
school.
He
was
a
bit
lazy,
1.________
(especial)
in
maths.
Science
was
a
subject
full
of
strange
words
to
him.
He
2.________
(find)
it
all
so
boring
and
difficult.
He
had
no
idea
3.________
hydrogen
was,
and
he
didn't
really
want
to
know,
either!
But
he
changed
after
he
met
Mr
Jenkins.
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
4.________
(interest).
He
used
to
explain
things
which
seemed
difficult
with
practical
5.________
(example)
and
in
simple
language.
Graham
got
interested.
He
loved
science
and
did
well
in
science!
Now
Graham
has
turned
into
a
successful
adult
and
Mr
Jenkins
has
read
a
couple
of
6.________
(he)
books
and
seen
him
on
TV.
According
to
Mr
Jenkins,
there's
no
such
thing
as
a
good
or
a
bad
student.
Everyone
is
good
at
something
and
it's
important
7.________
(find)
out
what
that
is
for
each
student.
Teachers
should
spend
more
time
8.________
(make)
friends
with
students
so
as
to
understand
them
and
find
a
path
to
success,
both
at
school
and
in
later
life,
for
every
student.
The
thing
about
being
9.________
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
10.________
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.
As
John
Dewey,
the
famous
educationalist,
said,
“Education
is
not
preparation
for
life;
education
is
life
itself.”
Part
Ⅱ　Lesson
1　Teachers
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．educationalist　2.worthwhile　3.access　4.drag
5．behaviour　6.presentation　7.lack　8.pour　9.rocket　10.practical
Ⅱ.
1．educationalists　2.worthwhile　3.access　4.dragged
5．behaviour　6.presentation　7.lack　8.poured　9.rockets
10．practical
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①pour
into　②pour
out　③一些化工厂为了方便，将废水排入河流，造成了严重的水污染。　④我在黑暗中迷了路，更糟糕的是，下起了倾盆大雨。
2．①lacking　②of　③in　④lacks　⑤is
lacking
in
3．①to　②with　③at　④presentation　⑤我认为在当前的经济环境下，我们不应该扩展业务。　⑥在场的工人立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。
4．①strangely　②behaving　③behaviour　④These
badly?behaved
children
are
really
a
headache
to
me.
5．①accessible　②to　③学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
④搭梯子可以进入阁楼。
6．①to
be
taught　②of　③being
bought　④to
visit/visiting
⑤visiting　⑥worth　⑦worthwhile　⑧worthy　⑨worth　⑩worthwhile　?seeing　?to
be
seen或of
being
seen　?to
see　?seeing
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①additional　②in
addition
to　③add
up　④Add
up
⑤add
happiness
and
value
to
2．①off　②up　③down　④aside　⑤out　⑥back　⑦about
3．①be　②to
produce　③living
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①had
afforded　②were　③would
not
have
found
④If
only
I
hadn't
said
2．①would/could
go　②had
been　③lived　④I
remembered
her
address　⑤I
had
seen
her
off
at
the
station　⑥he
would
come
3．①made
him
her
secretary　②makes
me
more
confident
③made
all
of
us
laugh　④work　⑤heard　⑥healthy
⑦to
do
4．①what　②whether/how　③whoever　④that　⑤what
5．①that　②when　③have
spoken　④had
seen　⑤删除when　⑥在rising后加for
6．①thinking　②working　③quarreling　④repaired
⑤playing　⑥kncoking　⑦waiting　⑧cheating
⑨删除to　⑩singing→sing
7．①don't
go
out　②not
educative　③Not
all
the
students
are
for
the
rule.　④All
the
students
are
not
for
the
rule.　⑤Both
(of)
his
sisters
don't
agree
to
his
suggestion.
⑥Not
both
of
his
sisters
agree
to
his
suggestion.
8．①to
concentrate　②It　③for　④it　⑤of
9．①What　②What　③What　④What　⑤That→What　⑥what→which　⑦which→what　⑧删除what
you
say后的it
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．run
out
of　2.break
down　3.break
into　4.have
access
to
5．make
sure　6.set
up　7.catch
sb.
doing
sth.　8.used
to　9.a
couple
of　10.give
a
presentation
to　11.lack
confidence
in　12.set
off　13.pour
into　14.for
the
first
time　15.add
up
to
Ⅱ.
1．The
first
day
I
met
him,
he
was
burying
himself
in
his
project
in
the
lab.
2．He
had
left
for
the
United
States
just
before
the
parcel
arrived.
3．If
only
I
could
have
a
good
chance
to
study
German.
4．But
one
problem
is
that
few
people
can
stick
to
a
diet
for
long.
5．There
is
no
reason
to
suppose
she's
lying.
Ⅲ.
1．worthwhile　2.behaviour　3.practical　4.Lack　5.pours
Ⅳ.
1．had
followed　2.that　3.down　4.to　5.visiting　6.throwing　7.giving/to
give　8.off　9.into　10.eat　cooking
Ⅴ.
1．If
only
I
had
another
chance　2.can
a
lasting
peace
be
established
in
this
region　3.As
soon
as
they
arrived
on
the
island　4.the
bill
can
add
up
to
5,000
yuan　5.When
meeting
someone
for
the
first
time
Ⅵ.
1．especially　考查副词。空处表示“尤其，特别”，应用副词especially。
2．found　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处讲的是Graham上学时的事，发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
3．what　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，在从句中作表语，表示“什么”，应用what。
4．interesting　考查形容词。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，应用形容词interesting，表示“有趣的，有吸引力的”。
5．examples　考查名词的数。example在此表示“例子”，为可数名词，其前没有限定词，故应用其复数形式。
6．his　考查代词。空处作限定词修饰books，应用形容词性物主代词。
7．to
find　考查非谓语动词。此处是“It
is＋adj.＋不定式”句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。
8．making　考查非谓语动词。spend
time
doing
sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。
9．a　考查冠词。此处表示作为一名老师，表示泛指，且teacher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词。
10．to　考查介词。have
access
to
sth.表示“有接近某物的机会”。Unit
1
Relationships
Part
Ⅳ　Lesson
3　So
Close,
Yet
So
Far
学习目标
话题语境
人与社会/大学生马克日常生活现状
课时词汇
associate,
barely,
distracted,
reality,
aim,
desperate,
complain,
depressed,
delay,
appointment,
reserved
常用短语
deadline
for...,
chase
about,
bend
one's
mind
to,
end
up
doing
重点句式
1.that引导比较状语从句
2．before引导时间状语从句的常用句式
3．表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
n.
约定；约会
2．________________
vi.
&
vt.
抱怨；不满；发牢骚
3．________________
adj.
无礼的
4．________________
adj.
令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的
5．________________
vi.
&
vt.
弯腰；俯身
6．________________
vi.
&
vt.
推迟，延期
7．________________
adj.
沮丧的，忧愁的
8．________________
adj.
紧张的，激烈的；剧烈的
9．________________
adj.
拼命的；绝望的
10．________________
vi.
&
vt.
努力赢得
n.
追逐，追赶
11．________________
vi.
&
vt.
主宰，支配，控制
12．________________
n.
现实；真实
13．________________
adj.
心神不定的，精神无法集中的
14．________________
adv.
几乎不
15．________________
n.
流动
vi.
流，流动
16．________________
adv.
持续不断地
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．She
made
a(n)
________
(约定)
for
her
son
to
see
the
doctor.
2．She
never
________
(抱怨),
but
she's
obviously
exhausted.
3．It's
________
(令人惊奇的)
that
he
managed
to
sleep
through
the
party.
4．She
became
deeply
________
(沮丧的)
when
her
husband
died.
5．He
suddenly
felt
an
________
(剧烈的)
pain
in
his
back.
6．She
clung
to
the
edge
in
a
________
(绝望的)
attempt
to
save
herself.
7．They
seemed
to
have
the
perfect
marriage
but
the
r________
was
very
different.
8．Gill
seems
rather
d________
at
the
moment—I
think
she's
worried
about
her
exams.
9．Even
though
I'm
quite
a
r________
person,
I
like
meeting
people.
10．She
was
b________
fifteen
when
she
won
her
first
championship.
11．It's
here
that
the
river
f________
down
into
the
ocean.
12．The
English
language
is
c________
changing.
?第一版块：重点单词
1.associate
vi.交往，(尤指)混在一起　vt.联想，联系　n．[C]伙伴，同事　adj.副的(用在级别或头衔前，表示稍有不同或略低的)
(教材P14)I
have
a
never?ending
flow
of
messages
and
updates
from
all
the
people
I
associate
with
online.我不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。
associate
with
sb.
与某人交往，与某人混在一起
associate...with...
把……和……联系/想在一起
?I
don't
like
you
associating
with
those
people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
?It
is
very
easy
to
memorize
difficult
words
or
sentences
if
you
associate
them
with
interesting
things.如果你把难的单词或句子同一些有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就轻而易举。
?Have
you
ever
met
John,
one
of
my
associates
in
Hong
Kong?
你见过约翰吗？我在香港的一个同事。
?Mr
Lin
is
associate
director
of
the
Institute.林先生是该研究所的副主任。
归纳拓展：
(1)associated
adj.有联系的；有关联的
be
associated
with...和……有联系；和……有关
(2)association
n．[C]联系，联想；社团，协会；[C，U]联合，关联，交往
the
Football
Association足球协会
in
association
with与……联合
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①In
children's
eyes,
summer
is
always
associated
________
swimming,
ice
cream
and
summer
holidays.
②His
English
improved
enormously
because
of
his
________
(associate)
with
British
people.
③一谈到中国，人们就会联想到黄河。
________________________________________________________________________
2.barely
adv.几乎不(＝hardly)；仅仅；勉强可能
(教材P14)I'm
barely
the
only
person
who
feels
this
way.我不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。
barely常和when连用，译为“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；barely为含有否定意义的副词，位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
?In
fact,
I
barely
slept
the
night
before.事实上，前一天晚上我几乎没睡。
?I
had
barely
started
speaking
when
he
interrupted
me.＝Barely
had
I
started
speaking
when
he
interrupted
me.我刚开始说话，他就打断了我。
词语联想：
bare
①vt.使暴露，露出；揭开；脱掉(衣服)
Bare
your
head
when
the
flag
is
raised.升旗时要脱帽(致敬)。
②adj.裸露的；光秃秃的；荒芜的；无遮盖的；空的；最基本的
Don't
walk
around
outside
in
your
bare
feet.别赤脚在外面到处走。
The
table
was
bare,
the
candles
unlighted.桌子上什么都没有，蜡烛也没点着。
These
are
the
bare
essentials
you'll
need
to
dress
your
baby
during
the
first
few
months.这些是你需要在头几个月里给你的孩子穿的基本衣物。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/一句多译
①Her
voice
was
so
low
that
I
could
________
(bare)
hear
her.
②That
tree,
________
branches
are
almost
bare,
is
very
old.
③The
room
we
visited
yesterday
was
bare
except
________
a
few
broken
chairs.
④As
I
was
new
to
the
city,
barely
had
I
set
foot
in
the
street
________
I
realised
I
was
lost.
⑤The
dog
bared
its
teeth.
________________________________________________________________________
　我一到家就开始下雨了。
⑥________________________________________________________________________
⑦________________________________________________________________________(倒装)
3．distracted
adj.注意力分散的，思想不集中的，心烦意乱的
(教材P15)I
attend
parties
and
play
sports
but
I'm
always
distracted.
我参加派对和体育运动，但总是不能专心。
(1)distract
vt.
转移(注意力)，分散(思想)，使分心
distract...(from...)
使……(对……)分心
distract
one's
attention
分散某人的注意力
(2)distracting
adj.
令人分心的
distracting
thoughts
令人分心的想法
a
distracting
noise
使人分心的嘈杂声
(3)distraction
n.
[C，U]分散注意力的事，使人分心的事
?Teachers
usually
knock
at
the
blackboard
to
remind
distracted
students
that
they
need
to
pay
attention
in
class.老师经常敲黑板提醒分心的学生上课要注意听讲。
?Gill
seems
rather
distracted
at
the
moment—I
think
she's
worried
about
her
exams.
吉尔此刻似乎很心烦意乱，我想她是担心她的考试。
?Don't
distract
my
attention.
I'm
studying!
别分散我的注意力。我正学习呢！
?I
find
it
very
hard
to
work
at
home
because
there
are
too
many
distractions.
我发觉在家里工作很难，因为使人分心的事太多。
佳句欣赏：
The
film
distracted
me
from
these
problems
for
a
while.这部影片分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些问题。
[即学即练]　用distract的适当形式填空
①There
are
courses
designed
specifically
for
students
about
dealing
with
________
and
homesickness.
②For
students,
there
is
nothing
like
smartphones
that
get
us
________
when
we
are
trying
to
concentrate
on
study.
③Bright,
open
space
exposes
us
to
natural
light
and
improves
our
moods,
while
messy
space
is
________
and
destroys
our
focus.
4.reality
n．[U]现实，实际情况；[C]事实，实际经历，见到的事物
(教材P15)They
say
that
phones
bring
people
closer
together
but
in
reality,
my
mind
is
always
a
million
miles
away.他们说手机让人们联系更加紧密，但实际上，我的思绪总是飞到十万八千里之外。
(1)virtual
reality
虚拟现实
in
reality
事实上，实际上
escape
from
reality
逃避现实
turn
sth.
into
reality
把……当成现实
face/accept
reality
面对/接受现实
bring...back
to
reality
将……带回现实
become
a
reality＝come
into
reality
变成现实
(2)realise/realize
v.
实现；意识到
realise
(that)/who/what/how...
意识到……
?He
seems
very
young,
but
in
reality
he
is
older
than
all
of
us.
他看起来很年轻，但实际上他比我们都年长。
?She
refuses
to
face
reality.她不肯面对现实。
?He
escaped
from
reality
by
going
to
the
cinema
every
afternoon.
他每天下午都去电影院看电影，借此来逃避现实。
?I
wish
that
all
your
dreams
would
be
turned
into
realities.
我希望你所有的梦想都能变成现实。
?I
realised
there
was
something
strange
about
me.
我意识到我有点儿不对劲儿。
?Before
you
came
over,
I
never
realized
what
a
beautiful
place
I
lived
in.
在你来之前，我从未意识到我住在一个这么美丽的地方。
联想拓展：
(1)real
adj.真的；真正的，真实的
(2)realize
vt.
&
vi.理解，领会，意识到；vt.实现
(3)reality
n．[U]现实，实际情况；[C]事实
(4)really
adv.事实上，真正地，真实地
not
really不完全是(表示不太强烈的否定)
(5)realistic
adj.现实的，实事求是的
unrealistic
adj.不现实的
构词知识：
以?ise/?ize结尾的动词后缀：?ize表示“使成……状态”，“使……化”等意思，如：realize/realise使真实化/实现；idolize偶像化；modernize(使)现代化；publicize宣传，使公开化；industrialize工业化；authorise授权
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
looked
very
confident
and
calm
during
the
test,
but
________
reality
he
was
extremely
nervous.
②In
many
countries
today,
laws
protect
wildlife.
In
India,
the
need
for
such
protection
________
(realise)
centuries
ago.
③As
the
hours
passed,
people
began
to
realise
________
difficult
life
was
for
the
deaf.
④When
the
snacks
and
juice
arrived,
it
did
not
take
me
long
to
realise
________
Kathy
was
not
able
to
feed
herself.
⑤Personally
speaking,
________
the
grand
blueprint
________________
(把……变成现实)
is
a
long
process.
⑥However,
most
of
the
things
we
fear
in
our
minds
never
really
seem
to
______________________________
(实现)．
5.aim
vi.力求达到，力争做到　vt.目的是，旨在；针对，对象是　vt.
&
vi.瞄准，对准　n．[C]目标，目的；[U]瞄准
(教材P15)I
will
start
doing
my
homework
at
8
pm,
and
aim
to
finish
in
two
hours.我要在晚上8点开始做我的家庭作业，并且要在两小时内完成。
(1)aim
at
doing
sth.＝aim
to
do
sth.
力求做某事
aim
at/for
sth.
力争得到某物
(2)be
aimed
at
(doing)
sth.
旨在……，目的是……
be
aimed
at
sb.
针对某人，对象是某人(主语一般是物)
(3)aim...at...
把……瞄准……
(4)achieve
one's
aim
实现某人的目标
with
the
aim
of
(＝for
the
purpose
of)
为了……
take
aim
at
瞄准；把目标对准
?They're
aiming
at
training
everybody
by
the
end
of
the
year.
他们力求做到在年底前人人得到培训。
?The
project
aims
to
educate
and
prepare
students
for
a
challenging
career.
这个项目力求教育学生并使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。
?We
are
aiming
for
a
50
percent
share
of
the
market.我们正在努力争取(占据)50%的市场份额。
?The
visit
was
aimed
at
deepening
the
relations
between
the
two
countries.
这次访问的目的是加深两国的关系。
?The
programme
is
aimed
at
teenagers.这个节目的对象是青少年。
?I
was
aiming
at
the
tree
but
hit
the
car
by
mistake.我对准树射击，不料误中了汽车。
?Slowly
he
raised
his
bow
and
began
to
take
aim
at
the
target.他慢慢举起弓，开始瞄准靶子。
?She
went
to
the
big
city
with
the
aim
of
finding
a
good
job.她去大城市是为了找一份好工作。
归纳拓展：
aimless
adj.没有方向的，无目标的
aimlessly
adv.漫无目的地，毫无目标地
I
was
wandering
aimlessly
in
the
street,
thinking
about
nothing
in
particular.我正在街上漫无目的地闲逛，没有想什么特别的事情。
提示：
point
sth.
at
sb.＝aim
sth.
at
sb.
把某物对准某人
①He
pointed
his
gun
at
the
enemy.＝He
aimed
his
gun
at
the
enemy.他把枪对准敌人。
②Don't
point
your
gun
at
me.
It's
dangerous.不要把枪对着我。这很危险。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The
coach,
together
with
his
players,
was
invited
to
the
party
held
last
Friday
night,
aimed
at
________
(celebrate)
their
win
in
the
match.
②After
the
smart
hunter
found
the
aim,
he
took
aim
________
it
immediately.
③The
project
was
set
up
________
the
aim
of
helping
young
unemployed
(失业的)
people.
④We
aim
________
(be)
there
around
six.
Then
we
can
start
our
trip
together.
⑤The
app
is
aimed
________
young
people
from
20－30
years
of
age
and
helps
them
manage
their
money
matters.
6.desperate
adj.渴望，极想(不用于名词前)　adj.绝望的，孤注一掷的；拼命的，不顾一切的
(教材P15)．..but
as
soon
as
I'm
alone
again,
I'm
desperate
to
get
back
to
the
online
world
and
the
intense
activity
that
it
provides.……但是我一旦独自一人，就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和网上紧张的活动中。
be
desperate
for
sth.
极想要某物
be
desperate
to
do
sth.
极想做某事
?The
man
lost
in
the
desert
was
desperate
for
water.
那个在沙漠中迷路的男人极想要水。
?John
was
desperate
to
get
a
job
to
support
his
large
family.
约翰渴望得到一份工作来养活一大家人。
?He
was
desperate
when
he
lost
all
his
life?saving
money.
Luckily,
a
kind
man
helped
him
generously.当他丢了所有的救命钱时他绝望了。幸运的是，一个善良的男人慷慨地帮助了他。
?Doctors
were
fighting
a
desperate
battle
to
save
the
little
girl's
life.
医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。
归纳拓展：
(1)desperation
n．[U]绝望，拼命，铤而走险
in
desperation在绝望中，不顾一切地
(2)desperately
adv.绝望地；不顾一切地，拼命地
如：In
desperation
I
pleaded
with
the
attackers.我不顾一切地向攻击者哀求。
At
that
time
I
was
driven
to
desperation.那时我被逼到绝境。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①His
business
failure
left
him
in
________
(desperate)
but
he
managed
to
go
out
of
the
shadow
through
years
of
efforts.
②Having
walked
for
half
an
hour
in
such
hot
weather,
he
was
desperate
________
a
cold
drink.
③We
are
desperate
________
(see)
whether
the
method
is
working.
④Faced
with
this
serious
problem,
he
took
a
deep
breath,
________
(desperate)
trying
to
keep
calm.
7.complain
vi.
&
vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚
(教材P15)On
a
family
holiday
last
summer,
my
sister
spent
all
her
time
complaining
that
she
needed
to
charge
her
phone.去年夏天一次全家度假，我妹妹一直抱怨说她的手机需要充电。
complain
about
sth.
抱怨某事
complain
to
sb.
向某人抱怨
complain
of...
抱怨……；诉说(病情或痛苦)
complain
that...
抱怨……
?Don't
complain
about
your
life.
You
should
be
thankful
for
whatever
you
have.
不要抱怨生活。你应该感恩你所拥有的一切。
?If
you
are
not
satisfied
with
our
work,
you
can
complain
to
the
manager.
如果您对我们的工作不满意，可以向经理投诉。
?People
are
always
complaining
of
the
constantly
rising
prices.人们总是在抱怨不断上涨的物价。
词语联想：
complaint
n．抱怨；不满；投诉
make
a
complaint
about...投诉……
have
a
complaint
against/about...对……有怨言
The
pupils
made
a
list
of
complaints
about
the
school
meals.学生们列举出了对学校伙食的种种不满。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The
students
began
complaining
________
how
cold
it
would
be.
②The
police
received
several
________
(complain)
about
the
noise
from
our
party.
③Betty
________
(complain)
to
Steve
that
Sara
never
gave
her
a
chance
to
talk.
④Our
next
door
neighbour
said
he
would
complain
________
the
police
if
we
made
any
more
noise.
8.depressed
adj.沮丧的，意志消沉的，抑郁的。用作表语时，表示人的主观感受。
(教材P15)I
constantly
feel
depressed,
dissatisfied
and
alone.
我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。
(1)depress
vt.
使沮丧，使消沉；使不景气
(2)depression
n.
[C，U]抑郁，沮丧，消沉；萧条期，不景气；抑郁症
(3)depressing
adj.
令人沮丧的，令人消沉的(常用来形容事物)
?Jack
failed
to
be
admitted
to
his
dream
university
and
felt
quite
depressed.
杰克没有被他梦想的大学录取，他感到很沮丧。
?Taking
a
positive
attitude
is
better
than
losing
hope
and
getting
depressed.
采取积极的态度总比失去希望和变得沮丧要好。
语境串记：
The
depressing
news
depressed
him,
and
he
was
so
depressed
that
I
couldn't
help
him
out
of
depression.这个令人沮丧的消息使他消沉，他如此抑郁以至于我无法帮他摆脱沮丧。
[即学即练]　用depress的适当形式填空
①The
experts
believe
that
quality
sleep
could
be
a
protective
measure
against
________.
②“The
result
was
very
________.
I
was
shocked
and
________
at
that
time,
but
at
the
same
time
it
made
me
cherish
(珍视)
my
sporting
life
even
more，”
the
famous
sports
star
said.
9.delay
vi.
&
vt.延迟，推迟；vt.使迟到，使耽搁(其后一般跟名词、代词或动词?ing形式等作宾语)　n．[U，C]延期，耽搁；[C]延迟(或耽搁、拖延)的时间
(教材P15)Since
I
spend
so
much
time
socialising
online,
I
keep
delaying
things
that
are
important
in
my
real
life...我因为花了很多时间上网社交，所以一直在推迟现实生活中重要的事情……
delay
(doing)
sth.
推迟(做)某事
without
delay
马上，立刻
a
delay
of＋表示时间的名词
……的延误/耽搁
?He
delayed
telling
her
the
news,
waiting
for
the
right
moment.
他没有马上把消息告诉她，等适当的时候再说。
?We
decided
to
delay
our
wedding
until
next
year.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。
?Knowing
that
I
was
in
trouble,
Tom
came
to
help
me
without
delay.
知道我处于困境中，汤姆马上来帮助我。
?After
a
delay
of
three
hours
(＝After
a
three?hour
delay),
we
continued
our
journey.
耽搁三个小时后，我们继续旅行。
佳句欣赏：
The
flight
was
badly
delayed
because
of
fog.该航班因雾而长时间延误。
知识小结：后面只跟动名词不跟不定式的几个动词
delay;
advise;
consider;
finish;
escape;
enjoy;
miss;
suggest;
risk;
admit;
dislike;
avoid;
imagine;
mind;
excuse
sb.
for...;
practise;
permit;
appreciate;
understand;
insist
on;
look
forward
to;
put
off;
object
to,
get
down
to...
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①After
a
delay
________
two
hours
the
plane
finally
took
off.
②Research
shows
that
the
older
people
become,
the
less
likely
they
are
to
delay
________
(do)
their
work
until
the
last
minute.
③If
a
person
has
been
poisoned
by
gas,
________________________
(立即打开门窗)
to
let
fresh
air
in
as
quickly
as
possible.
10.appointment
n．[C]约定，约会　n．[C，U]任命，委任；[C]职位
(教材P15)I
can't
even
imagine
going
without
social
networking
for
a
week—think
of
all
the
important
appointments,
invitations
and
news
updates
you
would
miss！我甚至无法想象一周没有社交网络的生活——想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！
arrange/have/make
an
appointment
with
sb.
与某人约会/约定
have/make
an
appointment
to
do...
约定做……
by
appointment
根据(会面的)约定/预约
keep/cancel
an
appointment
赴约/取消预约
the
appointment
as/to
be...
作为……的任命
?—Good
morning,
Mr.
Lee's
office.早上好，李先生办公室。
—Good
morning.
I'd
like
to
make
an
appointment
for
next
Wednesday
afternoon.
早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。
?I
can't
go
with
you.
I
have
an
appointment
with
my
dentist
this
afternoon.
我不能和你一起去，我今天下午和我的牙医有约。
?The
property
can
only
be
viewed
by
appointment.只有预约方可参观这处房产。
?The
appointment
of
John
as/to
be
chairman
is
a
great
joy
to
him.
约翰被任命为主席，这令他非常高兴。
?He
was
told
he'd
got
the
appointment
yesterday
morning.
昨天上午他被告知得到了那个职位。
名师点津：
appointment通常指按预约时间进行的约会或约见，而date一般指男女间的约会。
归纳拓展：
appoint
vt.任命，委派；确定(时间、地点)
appoint
sb.
(as/to
be)＋职务　任命某人担任某职务
appoint
sb.
to
sth.派某人任某职位
appoint
sb.
to
do
sth.委派某人做某事
appointed
time/place约定的时间/地点
appoint...(for
sth.)(为某事)确定……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①Could
it
be
possible
to
make
an
appointment
________
Mr
Smith
sometime
next
weekend?
②We've
made
________
appointment
with
them
to
meet
at
the
gate
of
the
museum.
③I
________
(appoint)
as
head
of
the
Hawaiian
Volcano
Observatory
(HVO)
20
years
ago.
④I
hope
I
shall
get
a
teaching
________
(appoint)
at
the
new
school.
⑤They
appointed
him
________
director.
⑥They
appointed
him
________
(catch)
all
the
rats.
⑦Sam
has
been
appointed
as
the
manager
of
the
engineering
department.________________
11.reserved
adj.含蓄的；内敛的
(教材P15)I'm
way
beyond
a
shy
or
reserved
person,
but
I'm
wired
up
every
day,
like
most
of
my
friends.我远非一个腼腆或含蓄的人，但是我每天都在网上(耗费时间)，我的朋友们大多也是如此。
(1)reserve
n.
(动植物)保护区；储蓄(量)；储备(物)
vt.
预订；预留；保留
reserve
sth.
for...
为……留出某物/为……预订某物
(2)reservation
n.
保留(意见)；(房间、座位等的)预订
without
reservation
毫无保留地
?Even
though
I'm
quite
a
reserved
person,
I
like
meeting
people.
我虽然性格极为内敛，但我喜欢和人接触。
?It's
a
nature
reserve.这是个自然保护区。
?The
village
has
grain
reserves
sufficient
for
three
years.这个村的储备粮够吃三年。
?A
separate
room
is
reserved
for
smokers.另有一个房间留给吸烟者用。
?I'd
like
to
reserve
a
table
for
three
for
eight
o'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
book,
order
(1)book做动词，表示“预订”，往往用于在电影院、剧院、车站、旅馆等处“订票”“订座”“订房间”等。
(2)order指定购；向商店定购，定制衣服、饭店定饭等。
(3)book和reserve表预订(座位、席位、房间等)时可以互换使用，但表预留、保留时用reserve。
佳句欣赏：
These
seats
are
reserved
for
the
elderly
and
the
disabled.这些座位是留给老人和残疾人的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①These
tables
are
reserved
________
special
guests.
②They
support
the
measures
without
________
(reserve)．
③Do
you
have
to
reserve
tickets
in
advance?
________________________________________________________________________
④A
double
room
with
a
balcony
overlooking
the
sea
has
been
reserved
for
me.
________________________________________________________________________
⑤We
must
reserve
some
of
this
corn
for
next
year's
seed.
________________________________________________________________________
?第二版块：重点短语
1.deadline
for...……的最后期限
meet
the
deadline
赶上最后期限；按期完成
miss
the
deadline
错过最后期限
set
a
deadline
设定一个最后期限
知识联想：
(1)a
dead
volcano一座死火山
a
dead
mine一座废矿
a
dead
language一种不用的语言
a
dead
silence一片死寂
a
dead
village一个废弃的村庄
a
dead
letter无法投递的信件
(2)deadly
adj.致命的
a
deadly
weapon致命的武器
a
deadly
enemy死敌
(3)deadly
adv.极度地，非常地
He
is
deadly
tired.他极度疲劳。
The
man
is
deadly
ill.那人病得非常厉害。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①寄申请书的截止日期是下星期。
Next
week
is
________________
sending
in
applications.
②恐怕你已错过了截止日期，因此你的申请将不在考虑范围之内。
I'm
afraid
you've
________________，
so
your
application
cannot
be
considered.
③我建议我们设定出一个交计划的最后期限。
I
suggest
that
we
should
________________
handing
in
the
plans.
④如果我们无法按期完成，他们就不会给我们另一份合同。
If
we
can't
________________，
they
won't
give
us
another
contract.
2．chase
about东奔西跑
chase
after
追求(某人)
chase
away
赶走，驱逐
chase...out
of...
将……从……赶出去
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Those
children
are
always
chasing
________.
②The
dog
ran
out
into
the
garden
and
chased
the
birds
________.
③She
chased
the
children
________
of
the
kitchen.
④He
never
stopped
to
chase
________
his
dream
in
his
energetic
youth.
3.bend
one's
mind
to
sth.专心致志于某事
bend
(sb.)
to
sth.
(迫使某人)屈服，顺从
bend
to
sb.'s
will
顺从某人的意志
bend
sb.
to
one's
will
使某人顺从
be
bend
on
sth.
决心采取(某行动)；一心想做
bend
oneself
to
sth.
专心致志于……
bend
over
(down)
弯腰(俯身)
典型例句：
(1)He
bent
the
iron
bar
as
if
it
had
been
made
of
rubber.他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡胶做成的。
(2)The
road
bends
to
the
right.公路向右转弯。
(3)She
tried
to
bend
her
husband
to
her
wishes.她设法使丈夫顺从她的愿望。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①他不能专心于学习。
He
couldn't
____________________________.
②他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。
He
____________________________
at
all
costs.
③无论这个国家多么弱小，它绝不会屈服于比它大的强国。
However
weak
the
nation
may
be,
it
will
never
____________________________
a
greater
power.
4.end
up
doing...最终会成为……，最后处于……
end
in...　　　以……结束，以……告终
知识拓展：
at
an
end结束
at
the
end
of...在……末；在……尽头
bring
sth.
to
an
end使某事结束
by
the
end
of...到……末
carry
sth.
through
to
the
end将某事进行到底
come
to
an
end结束；告终
meet
one's
end(意外)死亡
There
is
no
end
to
sth.……某事没完没了
make
ends
meet使收支平衡
[即学即练]　完成句子
①比赛以平局结束。
The
game
ended
________________
a
draw.
②他们的努力以失败而告终。
Their
effort
ended
in
________________
(fail)．
③如果你继续上班迟到，最后会被开除。
If
you
keep
coming
to
work
late,
you'll
end
up
________________.
④如果你不努力学习，最后就会做一份你不大喜欢的工作。
If
you
don't
study
hard,
you
would
end
up
________________
(do)
a
job
you
don't
like
much.
5．imagine
(sb.)
doing
sth.想象(某人)做某事
imagine
sb./sth.
to
be...
认为……是……
imagine
(that)
想象……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She
imagined
________
(live)
by
the
lake,
drawing
some
pictures
every
day.
②I
imagined
the
park
________
(be)
bigger
than
it
is.
③Imagine
________
you
are
lying
on
a
beach
and
listening
to
the
sound
of
the
waves.
?第三版块：典型句式
1.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高含义
(教材P14)But
he's
also
never
felt
more
alone.但他却也从未感到如此孤独。
该结构的具体用法如下：
(1)构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级(＋than)
(2)常用的否定词：nothing,
no,
not,
never,
hardly,
nobody
(3)含义：再没有比……更……，再……不过了
?Nothing
gives
me
more
pleasure
than
listening
to
Mozart.
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我愉快的事了。
?In
my
opinion,
no
experience
is
more
valuable
than
that
gained
with
one's
own
sweat.
在我看来，没有什么经验比自己用汗水得来的经验更宝贵。
?Jennie
always
keeps
the
room
clean
and
tidy.
I
really
couldn't
find
a
better
roommate
than
her.珍妮总是把房间收拾得很整洁。我确实找不到比她更好的室友了。
?The
scenery
in
Mount
Huang
is
splendid!
I
have
never
seen
a
prettier
view.
黄山的风景真是太美了！这是我看过的最美丽的景色。
归纳拓展：
用比较级形式表示最高级含义的其他结构：
比其他……都……
他比班上其他任何同学都更乐观。
No
one
in
his
class
is
more
optimistic
than
him.
＝He
is
more
optimistic
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
＝He
is
more
optimistic
than
anyone
else
in
his
class.
＝He
is
more
optimistic
than
all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
[即学即练]　单句写作/一句多译
①我们决定接受他的建议，因为没有人能提出更好的解决办法了。
________________________________________________________________________
②城里没有比这座塔更古老的建筑了。
________________________________________________________________________
　这个故事比这本书里的其他故事都有趣。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
⑤________________________________________________________________________
2.并列谓语
(教材P14)As
soon
as
I
open
my
eyes
in
the
morning,
I
check
through
all
my
social
networking
apps,
read
my
emails
and
answer
text
messages.早上一睁开眼，我就会立刻查看我所有的社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。
当主语同时或先后执行两种及以上的动作时，没有必要多次重复主语，所以形成几个动词连用的句式结构，这些动词均作谓语，而且时态和数的变化要与主语人称保持一致，这些连用的动词称为并列谓语。
特点：几个谓语动词时态一致，会有承前省略现象(后面的动词可以省去与前面重复的情态动词、助动词或be动词，或省去不定式符号to等)，并且通常在倒数第一个和倒数第二个动词之间加连词(通常是and)。
?He
would
listen
to
my
heart,
hold
my
wrist
to
feel
my
pulse,
and
take
my
temperature.
他会听我的心跳，抓住我的手腕来感受我的脉搏，并量我的体温。
?She
took
her
son,
ran
out
of
the
house,
put
him
in
the
car
and
drove
quickly
to
the
nearest
hospital.她带上她的儿子，跑出房子，把他放进车里，然后迅速开车去了最近的医院。
特别提醒：
注意并列谓语和非谓语动词的含义区别，比较以下两个例句：
I
looked
in
the
direction
of
the
cry
and
found
that
a
little
boy
had
fallen
into
the
river.
I
rushed
over
without
delay,
jumped
into
the
water
and
swam
quickly
towards
the
boy.我朝哭声的方向看去，发现一个小男孩掉进了河里。我毫不迟疑地冲过去，跳入水中，迅速游向那个男孩。
It
has
become
a
useful
instrument
of
communication,
saving
much
time
and
travel
by
enabling
people
to
talk
to
one
another
over
great
distances.它已成为一种有用的沟通工具，使人们能够隔着很远的距离彼此交谈，从而节省了许多时间和路程。(saving...为现在分词短语作结果状语)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①At
the
age
of
29,
Dave
was
a
worker,
________
(live)
in
a
small
apartment
and
wondering
what
to
do
about
his
future.
②She
got
up,
________
(dress)
herself
in
a
hurry
and
then
went
downstairs
for
breakfast.
③A
small
plane
crashed
into
a
hillside
five
miles
east
of
the
city,
________
(kill)
all
four
people
on
board.
④I
got
out
of
the
taxi,
________
(pay)
the
fare
and
rushed
into
the
station.
⑤At
last,
we
arrived
at
a
pleasant
park
with
trees
providing
shade
and
________
(sit)
to
eat
our
picnic
lunch.
⑥The
news
shocked
the
public,
________
(lead)
to
great
concern
about
students'
safety
at
school.
3.(1)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语的主谓一致问题
(2)than引导比较状语从句
(教材P14)According
to
research,
over
two?thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”．研究显示，超过三分之二的年轻人认为在网上交朋友比“在现实生活中”交朋友更容易。
(1)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
“some
of,
plenty
of,
most
of,
the
rest
of,
all
of,
half
of/...＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式也由of后面的名词的单复数决定。
(2)than引导比较状语从句
①than用于不同级比较：“形容词/副词比较级＋than”或more...than...表示“比……更……”，less...than...表示“不比……更……”。
②同级比较：as...as...，not
so/as...as...。注意as...as...之间用形容词或副词的原级。
③其他比较形式的表达
“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”，意为“越……越……”。
?One
fourth
of
the
audience
think
the
film
is
worth
seeing
a
second
time.
四分之一的观众认为这部影片值得再看一次。
?One
third
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
in
favour
of
the
trip
to
the
mountains.
我们班三分之一的学生赞成去山里旅游。
?80%
of
the
furniture
in
this
house
is
from
the
same
company.
这座房子里80%的家具都来自同一家公司。
?Most
of
her
spare
time
is
spent
learning
cooking.
她大部分的空闲时间都花在学习烹饪上了。
?Some
of
the
guests
have
left
and
the
rest
of
them
are
staying
here
for
night.
一些客人走了，剩下的将在这里过夜。
?Contrast
may
make
something
appear
more
beautiful
than
it
is
when
seen
alone.
对比可以使事物看起来比其单独看起来更美。
?He
has
got
no
less
presents
than
I
did
last
time.
他收到的礼品不比我上次收到的少。(no
less...than不亚于，至少和……一样)
?He
doesn't
earn
as
much
as
I
do.他挣的钱不如我多。
?The
more
you
study,
the
more
knowledge
you
can
get.
你学得越多，你的知识就越丰富。
特别提醒：
分数的表达法：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，
分母用复数形式。如one
fourth四分之一，two
thirds三分之二，two
and
three
fifths二又五分之三。
百分数表达法：
百分数内的数目用数字，后接percent或per
cent，在专业统计资料或表格内常用%代替percent，在句首时则用英语单词书写。如40%?40
percent?forty
percent百分之四十
6．5%?6.5
percent?six
point
five
percent百分之六点五
主谓一致提醒：
population,
family,
class,
group之类集体名词与分数。
百分数连用作句子主语时，其谓语的单复数，根据上下意义来确定。
①33%
of
the
population
of
China
live
in
the
city.中国人口的百分之三十三生活在城市。
②The
population
in
these
villages
has
to
get
its
water
from
wells.这些村庄里的居民不得不从井里取水。
③Half
of
the
class
are
women.这个班的一半是女子。
④The
population
of
China
is
larger
than
that
of
Japan.中国人口比日本多。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Two
________
(five)
of
the
land
in
that
country
________
covered
with
trees
and
grass
now.
②It's
been
reported
that
76
percent
of
employees
in
some
western
countries
________
(be)
using
emojis
at
work.
③The
growing
of
a
plant
is
influenced
by
a
lot
of
factors,
most
of
which
________
beyond
our
control.
④More
than
80
percent
of
the
young
people
in
this
village
________
(go)
to
big
cities
to
find
a
job
so
far.
⑤He
doesn't
run
________
fast
________
Jack
does.
⑥James
enjoys
the
theatre
more
________
Susan
does.
⑦你看上去比实际要年轻。
________________________________________________________________________
⑧那件事情不像听起来那么简单。
________________________________________________________________________
⑨他解释得越多我越困惑。
________________________________________________________________________
4.before引导时间状语从句
(教材P15)Before
I
know
it,
it's
9.30
pm
and
I
still
haven't
moved
an
inch
from
the
sofa.不知不觉已经是晚上9：30了，我还在沙发上坐着一动没动。
before引导时间状语从句的常用句式：
before引导时间状语从句时，一般译为“在……之前”，before
sb.
know/knows/knew
it通常译为“转眼之间；不知不觉”。其他常用句式有：
(1)“It
will
be/was＋一段时间＋before从句”意为“要过多久才……/过了多久才……”。
(2)“It
won't
be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before从句”表示“过不了多久就……/没过多久就……”。
?It
will
be
three
weeks
before
we
graduate
from
high
school.
还有三周我们就高中毕业了。
?It
won't
be
long
before
we
witness
more
progress
in
technical
field.
过不了多久我们就能见证技术领域的更多进步。
用法拓展：
before有时表示“在……之前”，“还没来得及……就……”之意，如：
The
boy
had
disappeared
before
I
could
say
“thanks”．我还未来得及说声“谢谢”，那男孩就不见了。
All
the
birds
flew
away
before
I
started
to
fire.我还没开枪，所有的鸟都飞光了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①It
will
not
be
long
________
you
regret
what
you
have
done
before.
②I
saw
her
a
few
days
________
she
died.
③在我们不知不觉间已经过去一个小时了。
________________________________________________________________________
④过不了多久妈妈就要从国外回来了，这让全家人都很高兴。
________________________________________________________________________
5.表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
(教材P15)．..not
once
did
she
lift
her
head
to
enjoy
the
view
outside
her
window.……她一次也没有抬起头来欣赏窗外的景色。
表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首，句子要部分倒装。常见的该类副词或短语有never,
seldom,
hardly,
rarely,
barely,
scarcely,
little,
neither,
nor,
not,
nowhere,
in
no
case,
under
no
circumstances,
in
no
way,
by
no
means,
at
no
time,
on
no
condition等。
?Never
before
have
I
seen
such
a
moving
film.我从未看过这么感人的电影。
?Hardly
do
I
think
it
possible
to
finish
the
job
before
dark.
我认为天黑之前基本不可能完成这项工作。
?Seldom
have
I
read
such
a
funny
story.我很少读到这么有趣的故事。
?Mary
never
does
any
reading
in
the
evening,
nor
does
John.
玛丽在晚上从不读书，约翰也如此。
?In
no
case
will
China
first
use
nuclear
weapons.
在任何情况下，中国都绝不会首先使用核武器。
?Not
until
recently
did
they
encourage
the
development
of
tourist?related
activities
in
the
rural
areas.直到最近他们才在农村地区鼓励开展旅游相关活动。
全部否定与部分否定
(1)all,
both,
every,
each,
either等不定代词与否定副词not构成部分否定
如：Not
all
of
us
like
studying
English.＝All
of
us
don't
like
studying
English.并非我们都爱学英语。
Not
both
of
John
and
Mary
work
very
hard.＝Both
John
and
Mary
don't
work
very
hard.并非约翰和玛丽两人都刻苦学习。
(2)none,
neither通常构成全部否定。
如：None
of
them
like(s)
English.他们都不喜欢学英语。
Neither
of
us
work(s)
hard.我们两人都不刻苦。
[即学即练]　同义句转换/选择题/将下列句子改为倒装句
①I
cared
little
about
what
others
think.
→Little
________
I
________
about
what
others
think.
②I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
stayed
together.
→Never
________
I
________
the
days
when
we
stayed
together.
③He
didn't
turn
his
head
until
I
shouted
at
the
top
of
my
voice.
→Not
until
I
shouted
at
the
top
of
my
voice
________________________
his
head.
④The
man
was
at
no
time
aware
of
what
was
happening.
→At
no
time
________
the
man
aware
of
what
was
happening.
⑤The
headmaster
will
not
permit
the
change
in
the
course,
nor
________
it
a
thought.
A．does
he
even
give
B．he
even
gives
C．will
he
even
give
D．he
will
even
give
⑥She
never
wanted
me
to
lose
that
toughness
as
I
grew
older.
________________________________________________________________________
⑦I
had
no
sooner
got
back
to
the
kitchen
than
the
doorbell
rang.
________________________________________________________________________
[词语积累]
①socialise
with...与……交往
socialise/'s????la?z/vi.(和他人)交往，交际
②laptop/'l?pt?p/n.[C]便携式电脑
③touching
distance触手可及的距离
④constantly/'k?nst?ntli/adv.重复不断地，始终，一直
⑤post
updates
on
social
media在社交媒体上发表最新信息
update
n．[C]最新消息
vt.更新；向……提供最新信息
⑥check
through仔细检查，核对，核查
⑦social
networking
apps社交网络应用程序
app/?p/n.[C]应用程序，应用软件(application的缩写形式)
⑧all
over
again重新做起，从头再来
⑨dorm/d??m/n.[C]寝室，宿舍
⑩never?ending
adj.永无止境的，没完没了的
?associate
with...与……交往
associate/?'s???ie?t/vi.交往；vt.联系
?barely/'be?li/adv.几乎不，几乎没有；仅仅，刚刚
They
barely
talked
to
each
other.他们彼此几乎没有交谈。
Their
performance
is
barely
satisfactory.他们的表演差强人意。
?way在此为副词，表示“很远，大量”。
I
must
be
going
home;
it's
way
past
my
bedtime.我得回家了，早过了我的就寝时间。
The
price
is
way
above
what
we
can
afford.这价格大大超过了我们的支付能力。
?reserved/r?'z??vd/adj.内向的，寡言少语的，矜持的
?wire
sb.
up
(to
sth.)将某人连接到(某设备)
wired
adj.联网的
?on
the
surface表面上，从外表看，乍一看
?distracted/d?'str?kt?d/adj.注意力分散的，思想不集中的
distract/d?'str?kt/vt.转移(注意力)，分散(思想)，使分心
?in
reality事实上，实际上。相当于in
fact,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
actually。
reality/ri'?l?ti/n.[U]现实，实际情况；[C]事实，实际经历
?obsess
over
sth.挂牵某事
obsess/?b'ses/vi.挂牵，念念不忘；vt.使痴迷，使迷恋
?mate/me?t/n.[C]朋友，伙伴
dominate/'d?m?ne?t/vt.
&
vi.支配，影响
domination/?d?m?'ne???n/n.[U]支配，统治
deadline/'dedla?n/n.[C]截止日期，最后期限
set
deadlines设定截止期限
aim
to
do
sth.打算做某事
scroll
through从头到尾滚动
scroll/skr??l/vi.(将计算机屏幕上的信息)上下滚动，滚屏(以便阅读)
stimulation/?st?mju'le??n/n.[U]刺激，激励
stimulate/'st?mjule?t/vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
chase
after追逐
rather
than而不是
be
desperate
to
do
sth.极想做某事
desperate/'desp?r?t/adj.极想，渴望
intense/?n'tens/adj.(活动)紧张的，激烈的
depressed/d?'prest/adj.抑郁的，沮丧的
depression/d?'pre?n/n.[U，C]抑郁，沮丧，消沉
delay/d?'le?/vt.
&
vi.延迟，推迟
n．[C，U]耽搁，延误
connect
with
sb.与某人建立关系/沟通
chatter
away喋喋不休
chatter/'t??t?(r)/vi.唠叨，喋喋不休
end
up最后处于，最终成为
get?together
n．[C]聚会，联欢会
bend/bend/vt.
&
vi.(bent,
bent)俯身，(使)弯腰
extraordinary/?k'str??dnri/adj.令人惊奇的，奇怪的；不一般的，非凡的
rude/ru?d/adj.粗鲁的，无礼的
complain/k?m'ple?n/vi.
&
vt.抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚
charge给……充电；指控
go
cold
turkey(俚语)放弃做某件事，戒掉坏习惯
appointment/?'p??ntm?nt/n.[C]约会，预约，约定
appoint/?'p??nt/vt.安排，确定(时间、地点)；任命，委任
alcoholic/??lk?'h?l?k/n.酗酒者，酒鬼
quit
drinking戒酒
quit
doing
sth.停止做某事
booze/bu?z/n.[U]酒精饮料
vi.喝酒，(尤指)狂饮
hard?wired
adj.硬件控制的，硬连线的
disconnected/?d?sk?'nekt?d/adj.分离的，断开的，无关联的
I
felt
disconnected
from
the
world
around
me.我感到已与周围世界隔绝。
[词链]connect(v.连接)→disconnect(v.脱离)→disconnected(adj.)
Mark
never
stops
socialising
with①
his
friends
online.
But
he's
also
never
felt
more
alone
【1】．
【1】本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级含义。
Where
am
I?
What
am
I
doing?
If
you're
one
of
my
500
friends
online,
you'll
always
be
the
first
to
know.
My
phone
and
laptop②
are
never
out
of
touching
distance③，
so
I'm
constantly④
posting
updates
on
social
media⑤—whether
I'm
having
a
coffee,
on
my
way
to
school,
watching
TV...
even
when
I'm
in
the
shower
【2】.
As
soon
as
I
open
my
eyes
in
the
morning,
I
check
through⑥
all
my
social
networking
apps⑦，
read
my
emails
and
answer
text
messages.
I
do
the
same
thing
all
over
again⑧
while
I'm
having
breakfast.
【2】本句为连词so连接的并列句，表示因果关系。whether引导的让步状语从句(whether
I'm
having...watching
TV...)和when引导的时间状语从句(when
I'm
in
the
shower)是对I'm
constantly
posting
updates
on
social
media作进一步说明。
I
live
in
a
university
dorm⑨
with
a
couple
of
great
roommates.
I
have
a
never?ending⑩
flow
of
messages
and
updates
from
all
the
people
I
associate
with?
online.
Yet
the
truth
of
the
matter
is:
I
feel
lonely.
I'm
barely?
the
only
person
who
feels
this
way.
According
to
research,
over
two?thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”
【3】.
I'm
way?
beyond
a
shy
or
reserved?
person,
but
I'm
wired
up?
every
day,
like
most
of
my
friends.
On
the
surface?，
I
have
an
active
social
life.
I
attend
parties
and
play
sports
but
I'm
always
distracted?.
They
say
that
phones
bring
people
closer
together
but
in
reality?，
my
mind
is
always
a
million
miles
away
【4】.
I
obsess
over?
exactly
how
many
followers
I
have
on
my
account,
but
I
can't
remember
the
birthdays
of
some
of
my
oldest
mates?.
【3】画线部分属于“find＋it＋adj.＋to
do”结构，本句中it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语。
【4】本句为but连接的并列复合句。that
phones...together为that引导的宾语从句。
Social
networking
dominates
my
life
in
so
many
ways.
Sometimes
I
set
deadlines
for
myself:
I
will
start
doing
my
homework
at
8
pm,
and
aim
to
finish
in
two
hours.
At
7.50
pm,
I'm
still
scrolling
through
my
friends'
silly
posts
and
photos.
Before
I
know
it,
it's
9.30
pm
and
I
still
haven't
moved
an
inch
from
the
sofa.
I
download
song
after
song,
video
after
video,
but
I'm
not
really
paying
attention.
The
stimulation
is
in
chasing
after
the
next
song
rather
than
truly
enjoying
it.
My
friends
try
to
drag
me
away
from
my
phone,
but
as
soon
as
I'm
alone
again,
I'm
desperate
to
get
back
to
the
online
world
and
the
intense
activity
that
it
provides
【5】．
【5】本句为but连接的并列句。第二分句中，as
soon
as引导时间状语从句，that引导的定语从句(that
it
provides)修饰先行词activity。
I
constantly
feel
depressed，
dissatisfied
and
alone.
Since
I
spend
so
much
time
socialising
online,
I
keep
delaying
things
that
are
important
in
my
real
life:
homework,
tasks,
connecting
with
my
friends
and
family
members
in
a
meaningful
way
【6】.
It's
funny
that
my
friends
and
I
chatter
away
online
so
much,
but
we
end
up
having
nothing
to
say
when
we
meet.
【6】这是一个复合句。Since引导原因状语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰things，冒号后的内容解释说明things的具体内容。
A
few
days
ago,
I
went
out
for
a
dinner
get?together
with
some
friends.
My
best
friend
left
the
table
for
30
minutes
because
he
had
to
take
a
call.
Some
spent
the
dinner
bent
over
their
phones,
texting
friends
online
but
ignoring
the
ones
who
sat
right
in
front
of
them
【7】.
And
the
extraordinary
thing
is
nobody
thought
this
was
rude
;
it's
just
how
life
is
nowadays.
On
a
family
holiday
last
summer,
my
sister
spent
all
her
time
complaining
that
she
needed
to
charge
her
phone.
When
it
was
charged,
she
just
spent
hours
reading
about
her
favourite
popstar;
not
once
did
she
lift
her
head
to
enjoy
the
view
outside
her
window
【8】．
【7】过去分词短语bent
over
their
phones和现在分词短语texting...online，ignoring...front
of
them作方式状语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
ones。
【8】此处为否定词not位于句首引起的部分倒装。
What
is
really
worrying
is
that
no
one
I
know,
including
myself,
could
go
cold
turkey
【9】.
I
can't
even
imagine
going
without
social
networking
for
a
week—think
of
all
the
important
appointments，
invitations
and
news
updates
you
would
miss!
Alcoholics
who
want
to
quit
drinking
can
avoid
booze，
but
how
do
we
give
up
our
phones?
After
all,
I
need
it
for
my
studies
because
my
teachers
and
classmates
need
to
contact
me
at
any
time.
So,
that's
the
problem
with
social
networking.
We're
hard?wired
in,
but
we're
more
disconnected
than
ever.
【9】本句主干为主系表结构。What引导主语从句，that引导表语从句，省略关系代词的定语从句I
know修饰one。
马克从未间断与朋友们的网上交往。但他却也从未感到如此孤独。
我在哪里？我在做什么？如果你是我的500个网友之一，你总会第一个知道。我的手机和笔记本电脑一直在触手可及的地方，所以我(可以)不断地在社交媒体上发表最新信息——无论是在喝咖啡，上学的路上，看电视……甚至在洗澡的时候。早上一睁开眼，我就会查看所有社交网络应用程序，阅读电子邮件并回复短信。我在吃早餐的时候会再做一遍这些事情。
我和几个很好的室友一起住在大学宿舍里。我不停地收到交往的网友发来的信息和最新消息。然而事实却是：我感到孤独。
我不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人。研究显示，超过三分之二的年轻人认为在网上交朋友比“在现实生活中”交朋友更容易。我远非一个害羞或内向的人，但是我每天都在网上，像我大多数的朋友一样。从表面上看，我的社交生活很丰富。我参加派对和体育运动，但总是不能专心。他们说手机让人们联系更加紧密，但实际上，我的思绪总是飞到十万八千里之外。我惦记自己的账户有多少人关注，但却记不住一些老朋友的生日。
社交网络在很多方面都控制着我的生活。有时我会为自己设定截止时间：我要在晚上8点开始做我的家庭作业，并且要在两小时内完成。晚上7：50，我还在浏览朋友们发的无聊帖子和照片。等我意识到的时候已经是晚上9：30了，我还在沙发上坐着一动没动。我下载一首又一首歌曲，一个又一个视频，但其实并不在意。我的兴奋点是寻找下一首歌而不是真正欣赏音乐。朋友们试图让我远离手机，但是我一旦独自一人，就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和网上紧张的活动中。
我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。我因为花了很多时间上网社交，所以一直在推迟现实生活中重要的事情：家庭作业、任务、以有意义的方式和家人、朋友联系。滑稽的是，我和朋友们经常在网上聊得热火朝天，但结果见面时却无话可说。
几天前，我和一些朋友出去吃晚饭。我最好的朋友因为不得不接听电话而离席30分钟。有些人整个晚餐都在埋头看手机，给网上的朋友发短信，却忽略了就坐在他们面前的人。不可思议的是没有人认为这不礼貌。这就是现在的生活。去年夏天一次全家度假，我妹妹一直抱怨说她的手机需要充电。手机充上电后，她又花了数小时浏览她最喜欢的流行音乐歌星的消息，一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。
真正令人担心的是，我认识的每个人，包括我自己，都不能戒掉互联网。我甚至无法想象一周没有社交网络的生活——想想你会错过的所有重要约会、邀请和新闻更新！想要戒酒的酗酒者可以避免饮酒，但我们如何杜绝手机呢？毕竟，我需要用它来学习，因为我的老师和同班同学需要随时与我联系。
所以，这就是社交网络的问题。我们被网络连接，但却比以往更加疏远。
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．没有……也行
________________
2．放弃做某事，戒掉坏习惯
________________
3．喋喋不休
________________
4．追赶
________________
5．滚动浏览
________________
6．为……设定最后期限
________________
7．在某人的账户上
________________
8．对……担心
________________
9．实际上
________________
10．在表面上
________________
11．与某人交往
________________
12．仔细检查；核对
________________
13．够不着
________________
14．在……中发挥作用
________________
Ⅱ.练句子：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】What
is
really
worrying
is
that
no
one
I
know,
including
myself,
could
go
cold
turkey.
【仿句】真正令人担忧的是，很多青少年一旦在家就沉迷于游戏。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】When
it
was
charged,
she
just
spent
hours
reading
about
her
favourite
popstar;
not
once
did
she
lift
her
head
to
enjoy
the
view
outside
her
window.
【仿句】我们一次也没谈论衣服或发型或身材或谁漂亮。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】Before
I
know
it,
it's
9.30
pm
and
I
still
haven't
moved
an
inch
from
the
sofa.
【仿句】在不知不觉中，孩子们已从法律学校毕业了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】According
to
research,
over
two?thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
friends
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”．
【仿句】我能够理解为什么宇航员发现重新适应地球上的生活不容易。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】I'm
barely
the
only
person
who
feels
this
way.
【仿句】你是唯一有责任保护你自己的人。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.单词拼写
1．The
six?year?old
boy
is
greatly
admired
for
his
courage
and
perseverance
to
make
his
dream
a
r________.
2．Her
new
book
is
well
received
and
it
is
expected
to
d________
the
best?seller
lists.
3．To
stay
healthy,
the
report
suggests
that
people
do
at
least
150
minutes
of
moderate
(适中的)
physical
activity
or
75
minutes
of
i________
physical
activity
every
week.
4．On
the
whole,
people
who
frequently
participate
in
a
wide
variety
of
activities
are
less
likely
to
feel
d________.
5．Have
you
registered
for
the
camp?
The
d________
is
the
day
after
tomorrow.
6．Captain
Scott
had
failed
to
win
the
race
to
the
North
Pole,
but
the
e________
courage
shown
by
his
team
made
them
into
heroes.
7．I
have
an
________
(约定)
with
Dr
Smith,
but
I
need
to
change
it.
8．The
boy
________
(弯腰)
down,
picked
up
a
stone
and
threw
it
into
the
water.
9．Students
are
easily
distracted
by
________
(不断地)
checking
their
WeChat
messages.
10．With
the
festival
approaching,
the
children
can
________
(几乎不)
hide
their
excitement.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1．Bamboo
plants
are
associated
________
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
2．He
has
been
admitted
to
his
dream
school
and
is
desperate
________
(share)
good
news
with
his
friends.
3．While
the
weather
was
extremely
bad,
the
soldiers
and
doctors
didn't
delay
________
(set)
off
for
the
flood?hit
area.
4．I'm
writing
to
complain
________
the
quality
of
the
mobile
phone
I
bought
from
your
store.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．地球从太空中看起来是蓝色的，因为它表面的三分之二为广阔的海洋所覆盖。
The
earth
looks
blue
from
space
because
________________
vast
oceans.
2．她以前从未见过任何人打网球打得像罗伯特一样好。
________________
who
can
play
tennis
as
well
as
Robert.(否定词位于句首引起的部分倒装)
3．对于学生而言，没有比图书馆更好的学习场所了，所以我们在这里要保持安静。
As
for
students,
________________，
so
we
have
to
keep
quiet
here.(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义)
4．表面上他似乎很自信，但实际上他非常紧张。
________________，
he
seems
very
confident,
but
________________，
he
is
extremely
nervous.
(surface;
reality)
5．你如果周末有空，打电话给朋友，和他们出去玩。这会把你的注意力从电脑上移开。
If
you
are
free
on
weekends,
call
friends
and
go
out
with
them.
________________.
(distract)
Ⅵ.课文语法填空
Mark
never
stops
socialising
with
his
friends
online.
He
is
1.________
(constant)
posting
updates
on
social
media
and
receiving
messages
and
updates
from
the
people
he
associate
2.________
online—whether
he
is
having
a
coffee,
on
the
way
to
school,
watching
TV
3.________
even
in
the
shower.
According
to
research,
over
two?thirds
of
young
people
find
it
easier
to
make
4.________
(friend)
online
than
it
is
“in
real
life”.
On
the
surface,
Mark
has
an
active
social
life.
He
attends
parties
and
plays
sports
but
he's
always
5.________
(distract)．
Social
networking
has
affected
his
life
in
so
many
ways.
He
delays
6.________
(do)
homework
and
connecting
with
his
friends
and
family
members.
His
friends
try
to
drag
him
away
from
his
phone,
but
once
he's
alone
again,
he's
desperate
7.________
(get)
back
to
the
online
world.
He
feels
so
lonely.
For
example,
during
a
dinner,
his
friends
8.________
(focus)
on
their
phones
and
ignored
the
ones
around.
On
9.________
family
holiday,
his
sister
spent
hours
online
and
never
lifted
her
head
to
enjoy
the
view
outside
the
window.
10．________
is
really
worrying
is
that
no
one
could
get
rid
of
social
networking.
Mark
can't
even
imagine
going
without
it
for
a
week.
So,
that's
the
problem
with
social
networking.
We're
hard?wired
in,
but
we're
more
disconnected
than
ever.
Part
Ⅳ　Lesson
3　So
Close,
Yet
So
Far
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．appointment　2.complain　3.rude　4.extraordinary
5．bend　6.delay　7.depressed　8.intense　9.desperate
10．chase　11.dominate　12.reality　13.distracted
14．barely　15.flow　16.constantly
Ⅱ.
1．appointment　2.complains　3.extraordinary　4.depressed
5．intense　6.desperate　7.reality　8.distracted
9．reserved　10.barely　11.flows　12.constantly
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①with　②association　③When
talking
about
China,
people
often
associate
it
with
the
Yellow
River.
2．①barely　②whose　③for　④when　⑤狗露出了牙齿。
⑥I
had
barely
reached/arrived
at
home
when
it
began
to
rain.　⑦Barely
had
I
reached/arrived
at
home
when
it
began
to
rain.
3．①distraction(s)　②distracted　③distracting
4．①in　②was
realised　③how　④that　⑤turning　into
reality　⑥come
into
reality
5．①celebrating　②at　③with　④to
be　⑤at
6．①desperation　②for　③to
see　④desperately
7．①about/of　②complaints　③complained　④to
8．①depression　②depressing　depressed
9．①of　②doing　③open
the
doors
and
windows
without
delay
10．①with　②an　③was
appointed　④appointment　⑤as　⑥to
catch　⑦删除manager前的the
11．①for　②reservation　③你必须提前订票吗？　④一个带阳台的海景双人间已经预留给我了。　⑤我们必须把这种玉米留一点作为明年的种子。
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①the
deadline
for　②missed
the
deadline　③set
a
deadline
for　④meet
the
deadline
2．①about　②away　③out　④after
3．①bend
his
mind
to
his
studies　②is
bent
on
winning
③bend
to
4．①in　②failure　③getting
fired　④doing
5．①living　②to
be　③that
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①We
decided
to
take
his
suggestion
because
nobody
could
offer
a
better
solution.　②There
is
no
older
building
than
this
tower
in
the
city.　③This
story
is
more
interesting
than
any
other
story
in
the
book.　④This
story
is
more
interesting
than
all
the
others
in
the
book.　⑤No
stories
in
the
book
are
more
interesting
than
this
one.
2．①living　②dressed　③killing　④paid　⑤sat　⑥leading
3．①fifths　is　②are　③are　④have
gone　⑤so/as　as　⑥than　⑦You
look
younger
than
you
really
are.
⑧That's
not
so/as
simple
as
it
sounds.　⑨The
more
he
explained,
the
more
confused
I
became.
4．①before　②before　③An
hour
has
passed
before
we
know
it.　④It
will
not
be
long
before
Mum
comes
back
from
abroad,
which
makes
the
whole
family
very
happy.
5．①did　care　②will　forget　③did
he
turn　④was　⑤C　⑥Never
did
she
want
me
to
lose
that
toughness
as
I
grew
older.　⑦No
sooner
had
I
got
back
to
the
kitchen
than
the
doorbell
rang.
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．go
without　2.go
cold
turkey　3.chatter
away　4.chase
after　5.scroll
through　6.set
deadlines
for　7.on
one's
account　8.obsess
over　9.in
reality　10.on
the
surface　11.associate
with
sb.　12.check
through　13.out
of
touching
distance　14.play
a
role
in
Ⅱ.
1．What
is
really
worrying
is
that
many
teens
are
addicted
to
games
once
they
are
at
home.
2．Not
once
did
we
discuss
clothes
or
hair
or
bodies
or
who
was
pretty.
3．The
kids
have
graduated
from
the
school
of
law
before
we
know
it.
4．I
can
understand
why
astronauts
find
it
difficult
to
readjust
to
the
life
on
Earth.
5．You
are
the
only
person
who
has
the
responsibility
to
protect
yourself.
Ⅲ.
1．reality　2.dominate　3.intense　4.depressed　5.deadline　6.extraordinary　7.appointment　8.bent　9.constantly　10.barely
Ⅳ.
1．with　2.to
share　3.setting　4.about/of
Ⅴ.
1．two
thirds
of
its
surface
is
covered
by　2.Never
before
has
she
seen
anybody　3.there
is
no
better
studying
place
than
the
library　4.On
the
surface　in
reality　5.This
will
distract
you
from
the
computer
Ⅵ.
1．constantly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语，故填副词。
2．with　考查介词。associate
with
sb.与某人交往。
3．or　考查连词。此处是“whether...or...”结构，表示“无论……还是……”。
4．friends　考查名词的数。make
friends
(with
sb.)(与某人)交朋友，是固定搭配。
5．distracted　考查形容词。空处作表语，修饰he，应用形容词distracted，表示“注意力不集中的”。
6．doing　考查非谓语动词。delay
doing
sth.推迟做某事。
7．to
get　考查非谓语动词。be
desperate
to
do
sth.极想做某事。
8．focused　考查动词的时态。and连接并列谓语，由ignored可知，空处应用一般过去时。
9．a　考查冠词。holiday是可数名词，此处举例说明，表示泛指，应用不定冠词。
10．What　考查连词。空处引导主语从句，由表语从句“that...networking”可知，空处表示“……的事情”，故填What。Unit
1
Relationships
Part
Ⅵ　单元语法专题——过去完成时
语法精讲
一、过去完成时的构成
过去完成时的构成：had
done
过去完成时的被动式：had
been
done
?She
had
learned
Chinese
before
she
came
to
China.她来中国前已经学过中文了。
?I
found
the
lecture
hard
to
follow
because
it
had
started
when
I
arrived.我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。
?In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
hadn't
been
invented
yet.
20世纪50年代，在美国大多数家庭里只有一部电话，那时无绳电话还没有被发明。
?How
many
buildings
had
been
destroyed
when
the
earthquake
ended？地震结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁了？
二、过去完成时的用法
1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作。
?The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
what
Professor
Joseph
had
said.为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
?A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
fell
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.史密斯先生在来到中国几个月之后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。
?By
nine
o'clock
last
night,
we
had
finished
most
of
the
work.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。
?She
had
learnt
about
500
English
words
before
she
went
to
junior
middle
school.在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①One
morning
she
told
her
children
about
a
family
she
________
(visit)
the
day
before.
②By
about
6000
BC,
people
________
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
③We
found
that
the
least
well?liked
teens
________
(become)
more
aggressive
over
time
toward
their
classmates.
④I
was
sent
to
the
village
last
month
to
see
how
the
development
plan
________
(carry)
out
in
the
past
two
years.
2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时刻，而且到那时还未结束，仍有延续下去的可能。
?By
Tuesday,
he
still
hadn't
finished
the
paper.
到星期二，他还没有写完论文。
?I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
30
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.我在公共汽车站等了30分钟，终于来了一辆公共汽车。
?When
Alice
came
to,
she
did
not
know
how
long
she
had
been
lying
there.当爱丽丝醒来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①By
mid?1963,
the
Beatles
________
(be)
extremely
popular
in
England.
②When
walking
down
the
street,
I
cam
across
David,
whom
I
________
for
years.
3．want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……”。
?We
had
intended
to
come
and
see
you.
我们本来打算来看你的。
?I
had
hoped
to
be
back
last
night,
but
I
didn't
catch
the
train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。
[即学即练3]　选择题
I
________
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
A．had
hoped　　　　　　　　B．am
hoping
C．have
hoped
D．would
hope
4．常用过去完成时的固定句型：
(1)在“hardly/scarcely...when，no
sooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
?I
had
no
sooner
arrived
home
than
it
began
to
rain.(＝No
sooner
had
I
arrived
home
than
it
began
to
rain.)我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2)It
was
the
first/second/...time＋(that)从句．(从句用过去完成时)
?It
was
the
first
time
that
I
had
chatted
online
in
English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：
?They
had
arrived
at
the
station
by
ten
o'clock
yesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。
?They
arrived
at
the
station
at
ten
o'clock
yesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。
2．在没有明确的时间状语时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。
A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两个被困在山里两天的游客。
[即学即练4]　单句语法填空
The
twins,
who
________
(finish)
their
homework,
were
allowed
to
play
badminton
on
the
playground.
[特别提醒]
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
Jane
went
out
to
the
park
after
she
had
read/read
the
paper.
简读完了报纸就外出去公园了。
语法专练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When
I
talked
with
my
grandma
on
the
phone,
she
sounded
weak,
but
by
the
time
we
________
(hang)
up,
her
voice
________
(be)
full
of
life.
2．Writing
out
all
the
invitations
by
hand
was
more
time?consuming
than
we
________
(expect)．
3．A
few
days
ago,
I
________
(run)
into
a
stranger
as
he
passed
by.
4．It
________
(rain)
lightly
when
I
arrived
in
Yangshuo.
But
I
didn't
care.
A
few
hours
before,
I
________
(be)
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,
with
its
choking
smog.
5．This
________
(be)
the
first
time
that
he
had
seen
such
beautiful
scenery.
6．Last
night's
TV
news
________
(say)
that
by
then
the
death
of
the
missing
people
had
not
________
(prove)
yet.
7．I
got
a
rescue
call
from
a
woman
in
Muttontown.
She
________
(find)
a
young
owl
(猫头鹰)
on
the
ground.
When
I
arrived,
I
________
(see)
a
2?to
3?week?old
owl.
8．We
________
(paint)
the
house
before
we
moved
in.
9．The
teacher
asked
if
we
________
(finish)
our
homework.
10．No
sooner
had
she
had
time
to
sit
and
have
a
rest
than
the
phone
________
(ring)
again.
11．He
________
(master)
three
foreign
languages
by
the
time
he
was
14.
12．This
kind
of
material
________
(replace)
by
last
century.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。
He
kept
looking
at
her,
wondering
________________
somewhere
before.
(see)
2．截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。
By
nine
o'clock
last
night,
________________
from
the
audience.
(receive)
3．他们本来打算在10点之前到达北京，但是火车晚点了。
They
________________，
but
the
train
was
late.
(intend)
4．她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
No
sooner
________________
on
the
stage
than
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause.
(step)
5．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。
It
was
the
first
time
that
________________.
(take)
6．他一进入办公室，就意识到他忘记把报告带过来了。
Hardly
________________
the
office
when
he
realized
that
he
had
forgotten
to
bring
his
report.
(hardly...when)
7．他正在读一本书，这书的作者他从未听说过。
He
was
reading
a
book
________________.
(hear)
8．在加入她的班级之前，我一直不相信自己的写作能力。
Until
I
joined
her
class,
I
________________.
(believe)
Ⅲ.语法填空
It
was
getting
dark
when
I
1.________
(get)
home.
It
was
cold
and
I
was
wearing
a
coat.
I
walked
up
to
the
door
and
2.________
(put)
my
hand
into
my
pocket
to
take
out
the
key,
but
couldn't
find
3.________.
I
suddenly
remembered
that
I
4.________
(leave)
it
on
my
desk
in
the
office.
It
really
didn't
make
any
difference.
I
knew
my
wife
was
at
home
and
the
children
must
5.________
(come)
back
from
school
by
then,
so
I
6.________
(knock)
at
the
door.
There
was
no
answer.
I
continued
knocking
at
the
door
for
some
time.
I
was
getting
angry.
Then
I
remembered
something
my
colleague
7.________
(tell)
me
at
noon.
He
said
that
my
wife
8.________
(phone)
to
say
that
she
9.________
(go)
shopping
in
the
afternoon
with
the
children.
It
seemed
10.________
nothing
could
be
done
and
I
would
be
shut
out
of
my
house.
Part
Ⅵ　单元语法专题——过去完成时
语法精讲
[即学即练1]
①had
visited　句意：一天早晨，她告诉孩子们她前一天去拜访过的一个家庭。由句意及the
day
before可知，从句中visit所表示的动作发生在主句动词told所表示的动作之前，因此用过去完成时。
②had
discovered　句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子结构可知，主语people和discover之间为主谓关系，再结合时间状语By
about
6000
BC可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had
discovered。
③had
become　主句的谓语动词“found”表示发生在过去的动作，其时态是一般过去时。而根据语境可知，宾语从句的谓语动词所表示的动作应发生在“found”这个动作之前，应用过去完成时。故填had
become。
④had
been
carried　句意：上个月我被派到那个村子去，看看过去两年内发展计划的实施情况。由句意可知，carry
out表示的动作发生在was
sent
to
the
village之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时；此外the
development
plan与carry
out之间是动宾关系，故填had
been
carried。
[即学即练2]
①had
been　句意：到1963年年中时，披头士乐队在英格兰已经非常受欢迎了。根据句意及时间状语“By
mid?1963”可知，空处应用过去完成时。
②hadn't
seen　句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我偶然遇见了戴维，我已多年未见过他。根据语境可知，“多年未见”的状态一直持续到“遇见了戴维”时，而“came
across”表明遇见戴维是发生在过去的动作，故空处应用过去完成时。
[即学即练3]
A　句意：我本希望在彼得结婚时送他一份贺礼的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn't”用的是一般过去时，发生在它之前的动作应用过去完成时。此外，动词hope用过去完成时，常常用来表示过去没有实现的希望或打算。
[即学即练4]
had
finished　根据语境可知，“完成作业”是在“were
allowed”之前发生的动作，发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
语法专练
Ⅰ.
1．hung　had
been　从上下文看，句中时态都是过去时态；by
the
time引导时间状语从句，在此类从句中若表示过去的时间或动作，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
2．had
expected　句意为：手写所有的请柬比我们之前预想的要耗时更久。因为主句时态是一般过去时，所以“之前的预期”要用过去完成时。
3．ran　根据时间状语A
few
days
ago可知，此处应该用一般过去时。
4．was
raining　had
been　句意为：我到阳朔时正在下小雨，但是我不在意。几小时前，我还在香港的家里，那里充满了令人窒息的烟雾。
5．was　此处为固定句型“It/This/That
was
the
first(second，etc)
time(that)＋sb./sth.
had
done...”，意为“这/那是某人/某物第几次做某事”。
6．said　been
proved　根据时间状语Last
night可知，第一空需要用一般过去时。再根据时间状语by
then可知，“prove”这个动作发生在“said”之前，要用过去完成时，且失踪人员的死亡还没有“被证实”，故用被动语态。
7．had
found　saw　根据语境可知，“发现(find)”这个动作发生在“接电话(got
a
rescue
call)”之前，应用过去完成时，故填had
found。第二句的句意为：当我到那儿时，我看到了一只两到三周大的猫头鹰。这句话单纯描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
8．had
painted　9.had
finished　10.rang　11.had
mastered　12.had
been
replaced
Ⅱ.
1．whether
he
had
seen
her　2.we
had
received
more
than
200
letters　3.had
intended
to
arrive
in
Beijing
before
10
o'clock　4.had
she
stepped　5.I
had
taken
part
in
an
English
speech
contest　6.had
he
entered　7.whose
writer
he
had
never
heard
of　8.hadn't
believed
in
my
ability
as
a
writer
Ⅲ.
1．got　2.put　3.it　4.had
left　5.have
come　6.knocked　7.had
told　8.had
phoned　9.would
go　10.thatUnit
1
Relationships
Part
Ⅴ　Writing
Workshop,
Viewing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
【学习目标】
话题语境
“人与社会”主题下对“良好的人际关系和社会交往”之探讨
课时词汇
invitation,
organise,
competitor,
progression,
engagement,
behaviour,
principle,
contrast
常用短语
so
far,
on
behalf
of
sb.,
take
up,
take
place,
give
a
speech,
note
down,
come
to
a
decision,
conform
to,
give
in
to
重点句式
(1)so
that引导目的状语从句
(2)形容词短语作后置定语
(3)表达性技能：能够写邀请信
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
n.
动力，积极性
2．________________
n.
差异，差别
vt.
形成对比
3．________________
n.
政治，政治活动
4．________________
adj.
不积极的，不主动的
5．________________
n.
原则；行为准则
6．________________
vi.
&
vt.
保护，保卫
7．________________
n.
赞许；同意
8．________________
vt.
属于
9．________________
adv.
真诚地，由衷地
10．________________
n.
参与
11．________________
n.
清楚，清晰
12．________________
n.
选手，参赛者
13．________________
n.
话题，题目
14．________________
n.
代表……
15．________________
vt.
组织，筹划
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．He's
a
bright
enough
student—he
just
lacks
__________
(动力)．
2．There
has
been
a
call
for
greater
________
(清晰)
in
this
area
of
the
law.
3．The
company
is
very
interested
in
product
design
and
________
(革新)．
4．Thanks
for
the
________
(邀请)
to
your
birthday
party.
5．She
refuses
to
allow
her
family
to
help
her
as
a
matter
of
________
(原则)．
6．All
our
officers
are
trained
to
d________
themselves
against
knife
attacks.
7．She
desperately
wanted
to
win
her
father's
a________.
8．Several
of
the
points
you
raised
do
not
b________
in
this
discussion.
9．He
s________
believed
he
was
acting
in
both
women's
best
interests.
10．Last
year
they
sold
twice
as
many
computers
as
their
c________.
11．Our
discussion
ranged
over
various
t________，
such
as
acid
rain
and
the
hole
in
the
ozone
layer.
12．On
b________
of
the
department
I
would
like
to
thank
you
all.
13．They
o________
a
meeting
between
the
teachers
and
students.
Ⅲ.短语记忆：阅读本部分内容翻译相关短语
1．和……对比
________________
2．倾向于做某事
________________
3．一系列，一套
________________
4．被控制
________________
5．认真地对待某事
________________
6．屈服，让步
________________
7．取笑
________________
8．包围
________________
9．导致
________________
10．服从；遵守；赞同；支持
________________
11．遵守
________________
12．属于
________________
13．想要
________________
14．渴望做某事
________________
15．占据
________________
16．为……负责
________________
17．愿意做某事
________________
18．代表某人
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.invitation
n．邀请
(教材P18)An
Invitation
Letter邀请信
(1)at
the
invitation
of
sb.
应某人的邀请
a
letter
of
invitation
邀请信
the
invitation
to
sth./to
do
sth.
某事/做某事的邀请
(2)invite
v.
邀请；请求；引诱
invite
sb.
to
sth.
(for
sth.)
邀请某人(为某事)到……
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某事
invite
sth.
from
sb.
向某人请求某事
(3)inviting
adj.
诱人的；吸引人的
?After
they
were
given
an
invitation
to
appear
live
on
BBC,
the
Beatles
quickly
became
famous
in
Britain
with
nationwide
tours.
披头士乐队在得到在BBC现场演出的邀请后，很快在英国的全国巡演中成名。
?I
gladly
accepted
their
invitation
to
the
opening
ceremony.
我愉快地接受了他们开幕式的邀请。
?She
invited
me
to
spend
two
weeks
in
German.她邀请我在德国待两周。
?We're
invited
to
Lola's
party.我们受邀参加洛拉的聚会。
?After
his
speech
he
invited
questions
and
comments
from
the
audience.
他演讲后请听众提问题和意见。
?An
inviting
smell
of
coffee
wafted
into
the
room.一股诱人的咖啡香气飘进了房间。
佳句欣赏：
①When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion,
Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.当他完美地结束演讲时，惠利请全班同学一起表扬他。
②People
tend
to
take
pride
in
keeping
everything
in
their
street
fresh
and
inviting.人们往往为他们街上的一切都保持新鲜和吸引人而感到自豪。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句改错
①They
came
to
Washington
________
the
invitation
of
the
President.
②Shortly
afterwards,
he
received
________
invitation
to
speak
at
a
scientific
conference.
③They
were
always
dropping
by,
usually
without
________
(invite)．
④They've
invited
us
________
their
country
cottage
for
the
weekend.
⑤There
is
an
________
(invite)
smile
on
her
face.
⑥Candidates
who
are
successful
in
the
written
test
will
be
inviting
for
an
interview.________________
⑦The
newspaper
invited
readers
to
writing
their
views.________________
2．organise
vt.组织，筹划；安排(活动)
(教材P18)Imagine
you
are
going
to
organise
an
English
Drama
Competition
in
your
school
or
an
English
Poem
Recitation
in
your
class.想象一下你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛，或者在班上组织一场英语诗歌朗诵会。
(1)organise
a
meeting/a
discussion
组织会议/讨论会
organise
one's
thoughts
整理思路
organise
time
to
do/for
sth.
安排时间做某事
organise
sb.
to
do...
组织某人做……
(2)organisation
n.
[C]组织；团体；机构[U]组织工作；结构；体制；配置
(3)organiser
n.
组织者
(4)organised
adj.
有组织的；有条理的
?It's
an
organisation
that
offers
free
legal
advice
to
people
on
low
incomes.
这是一个为低收入人群提供免费法律咨询的机构。
?He
is
busy
with
the
organisation
of
a
new
reading
club.他正忙于筹备一个新的读书俱乐部。
?She's
not
a
very
organised
person
and
she
always
arrives
late
at
meetings.
她不是个有条不紊的人，开会总是迟到。
佳句欣赏：
The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
collects
money
for
end?of?season
gifts.这位不情愿(做志愿者)的家长安排用餐时间、发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
is
the
president
of
a
large
international
________
(organise)．
②Isn't
it
time
you
started
to
get
________
(organise)?
③谁来组织今年的聚会？
Who's
going
to
________________________
this
year?
④把思绪整理清楚再说话。
________________________
before
you
begin
to
speak.
3.competitor
n．选手，参赛者
(教材P18)Competitors
should
be
judged
on
their
pronunciation,
clarity
and
fluency,
and
also
progression
of
ideas
and
audience
engagement.应该根据他们的发音、清晰度和流利程度，以及思想的发展变化和观众的参与度来评价参赛者。
(1)compete
v.
竞争
compete
with/against
与……竞争
compete
for
sth.
争夺某物
compete
in
在……方面竞争
(2)competition
n.
竞争；比赛
in
competition
with
与……竞争
(3)competitive
adj.
竞争的；有竞争力的
?We
can't
compete
with
them
on
price.我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。
?Small
shops
cannot
compete
in
prices
with
the
big
ones.
小店是无法在价格上跟大公司进行竞争的。
?Runners
from
many
countries
are
competing
for
the
international
prize.
来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得这项国际奖项而竞争。
佳句欣赏：
The
first
prize
was
awarded
to
the
youngest
competitor.一等奖被颁发给了最年轻的参赛者。
The
competitor
joined
in
the
competition
to
compete
with
other
competitors
in
1000
meter
race.这位参赛选手参加这场比赛去与其他选手竞争1000米赛跑。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①来自世界各地的一万多名参赛选手来到北京，为了奖牌在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。
More
than
10,000
________
from
the
world
came
to
Beijing
to
________
with
each
other
in
the
________
games
for
medals.
②尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们在学习方面互相竞争。
Though
they
are
good
friends,
they
________________
each
other
in
study.
③几家公司正在竞争那份合同。
Several
companies
are
________________
the
contract.
4.progression
n．变化，发展
Drugs
can
slow
down
the
progression
of
the
disease.
药物能减缓疾病的恶化。
progress
n.
[U]进步；进展
v.
进步；进展
make
progress
取得进步
in
progress
在进行中
?Tom
is
making
progress
in
English
little
by
little.汤姆在英语方面逐渐取得进步。
?I'm
afraid
we
are
not
making
much
progress.恐怕我们进步不大。
?The
war
in
Africa
is
still
in
progress.非洲的战争仍在进行。
?The
movement
has
been
in
progress
for
several
years.那场运动已经进行了好几年了。
特别提醒：
progress是不可数名词，无复数形式，也没有抽象名词具体化的用法，所以它前面不可加不定冠词。有类似用法的不可数名词还有advice,
fun,
information,
furniture,
equipment,
luggage/baggage
(行李)等。
[即学即练]　根据汉语提示，用含progress的短语补全句子/单句改错
①The
search
for
the
missing
child
is
still
________________
(在进行)．
②The
football
match
is
________________
(在进行),
so
the
result
is
not
available
now.
③Firefighters
say
they
________________
(已经取得快速的进展)
towards
putting
out
the
big
fire.
④________________
(没有取得进展)
in
the
trade
talk
as
neither
side
would
accept
the
conditions
of
the
other.
⑤If
you
work
hard,
you
will
make
a
great
progress.________________
5.engagement
n．参与；约定；订婚
Their
engagement
was
announced
in
the
local
paper.他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
(1)go
to
sb.'s
engagement
party
去参加某人订婚宴会
have
an
engagement
with
sb./appointment
with
sb.
与某人有预约
(2)engage
v.
参加；吸引；雇用
engage
in
sth.
参加
engage
sb.
to
sb.
else
把某人许给另一人/使某人与另一人订婚
engage
sb.
to
be
here
at
6：00
约某人6点钟到这儿
engage
sb.
in
sth.
(使)从事，参加
engage
with
sb./sth.
与某人/某物建立密切关系
?Evidence
indicates
that
music
activities
engage
different
parts
of
the
brain.
有证据表明音乐活动能调动大脑的各个部分。
?It
is
a
movie
that
engages
both
the
mind
and
the
eye.这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
?Only
10%
of
American
adults
engage
in
regular
exercise.
在美国，只有10%的成年人定期锻炼。
?She
tried
desperately
to
engage
him
in
conversation.她用尽办法要跟他谈话。
联想拓展：
engaged
adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的
be
engaged
in
sth.忙于某事
be
engaged
to
sb.跟某人订婚
①I'm
engaged
this
afternoon.我今天下午有事。
②I
was
totally
engaged
in
my
study
and
seldom
paid
attention
to
my
mother's
feelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
③He
was
engaged
to
her
when
working
in
Beijing.他是在北京工作时和她订婚的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Even
in
prison,
he
continued
to
engage
________
criminal
activities.
②She
has
broken
off
her
________
(engage)
to
Charles.
③They
are
________
(engage)
in
talks
with
the
government.
④The
couple
got
________
(engage)
on
Christmas
Day
2013
after
dating
for
more
than
two
years.
⑤The
woman
who
is
engaged
________
my
brother
is
very
pretty.
6.behaviour
n.
[U]举止；行为
(1)behave
well/badly
举止有/没礼貌
behave
oneself
守规矩；表现得体
(2)
(3)mind
one's
behaviour
注意某人的举止
词语辨析：
act一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为，强调行为的完成及其效果
behaviour一个人的行为举止
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①If
parents
do
not
teach
their
child
how
to
behave
________
(he),
he
will
do
anything
at
will.
②I
think
all
of
us
should
mind
our
________
(behave)
in
public
places.
③They
behaved
badly
________
the
guests,
which
made
us
disappointed.
④The
parents
asked
the
children
to
________________
(举止礼貌)
in
front
of
the
guests.
7.principle
n.
[C，U]原则；行为准则
in
principle
原则上；大体上，基本上
on
principle
依据自己的(道德)原则或信条
佳句欣赏：
(1)It's
easy
to
have
principles
when
you're
rich.
The
important
thing
is
to
have
principles
when
you're
poor.当你有钱时遵守原则是容易的，重要的是你穷困时遵守原则。
(2)It
is
a
principle
of
mine
to
help
people
when
I
can.我的一个原则是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①They
have
accepted
the
idea
________
principle.
②Many
people
are
opposed
to
the
sale
of
arms
________
principle.
8．contrast
n．差异，差别　vt.形成对比
contrast
A
with
B
把A与B作对比或对照
in
contrast
to
和……对比
[即学即练]　完成句子
①他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。
His
white
hair
was
________________
his
dark
skin.
②她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。
Her
actions
________________
her
promises.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.take
up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；对某事产生兴趣；开始从事
(教材P18)We
would
not
take
up
too
much
of
your
time.我们不会占用你太多时间。
take
back
收回；退回
take
down
拿下；取下；记录；写下
take
in
收留；吸入；理解；领会；欺骗
take
off
脱下(衣服)；摘掉；(飞机等)起飞；突然开始成功；休假；休息
?I
know
how
busy
you
are
and
I
wouldn't
want
to
take
up
too
much
of
your
time.
我知道你有多忙，并且我不想占用你太多时间。
?He
took
painting
up
for
a
while,
but
soon
lost
interest.
他有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就没了兴趣。
?Can
I
take
back
something
I've
posted？我可以撤回我已经寄出的东西吗？
?Can
I
just
take
some
details
down？我记一些细节，好吗？
?Don't
be
taken
in
by
products
claiming
to
help
you
lose
weight
in
a
week.
不要相信那些声称能让你在一周内就减肥的产品。
?We
are
taking
off
now.
Please
fasten
your
safety
belt.
我们马上就要起飞了。请系好您的安全带。
?His
career
has
taken
off.他的事业已经开始腾飞。
佳句欣赏：
The
former
sprinter
says
he
wants
to
inspire
others
to
take
up
winter
sports.这位前短跑运动员说他想鼓励别人参加冬季运动。
知识联想：
take...as把……当作……
take...for...把……(误)当作……
take...to
be...把……当作……
take
apart拆开
take
it/things
easy别紧张，别着急，慢慢来
take
out取出，拿出
take
over接收，接管
take
to(不用于被动语态)开始从事；喜欢上；养成……习惯
take
your
time慢慢来，别着急
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①You
need
a
break.
Why
not
take
a
fortnight
________
from
work?
②Peter
will
take
________
his
post
as
the
head
of
the
travel
agency
at
the
end
of
next
month.
③Don't
be
taken
________
by
his
story;
he
is
a
liar.
④It
was
several
minutes
before
I
could
take
________
what
he
was
saying.
⑤A
good
deal
of
time
is
taken
________
with
driving
the
children
to
piano
classes.
2.on
behalf
of代表(或代替)某人；为了(某人)；为帮助(某人)
(教材P18)I
am
writing
on
behalf
of
the
school's
Student
Union.我代表校学生会写这封信。
?On
behalf
of
my
company
I
would
like
to
thank
you
all.
我谨代表我的公司向大家表示感谢。
?We
are
very
glad
to
put
on
a
performance
here
on
behalf
of
our
school.
我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。
?She
gave
a
concert
on
behalf
of
a
charity.
她为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场演奏会。
?They
campaigned
on
behalf
of
the
victims
of
the
war.
他们为这场战争的受害者发起了运动。
佳句欣赏：
(1)The
president
can't
be
here
today,
so
I'm
going
to
speak
on
behalf
of
him.
总裁今天不能来了，所以我将代表他发言。
(2)I
wrote
several
letters
on
his
behalf.我代表他写了好几封信。
[即学即练]　单句写作
①我代表这里的每个人祝你旅途愉快。
________________________________________________________________________
②我很荣幸代表我校全体学生在这里作演讲。
________________________________________________________________________
3.conform
to遵守
conform
with/to　　　　(使)符合；服从，遵从
遵守类归纳：
observe
the
customs遵守风俗
observe
the
discipline遵守纪律
observe
sb.'s
instructions
听从某人指示
observe
the
law遵守法律
observe
the
rules遵守规章
[即学即练]　完成句子
①多数人愿意遵从社会习俗。
Most
people
willingly
________________
the
customs
of
society.
②这座建筑物不符合安全条例。
The
building
does
not
________________
safety
regulations.
4.give
in
to屈服，让步
give
away
分发；赠送；泄露
give
back
归还；使恢复
give
off
发出(光、热、气味等)
give
out
分发；(食物、燃料、电力等)用完，耗尽；发出(热、光等)
give
up
放弃；停止
give
way
to
让路
不规则动词变化形式：
A→B→C类动词
give→gave→given
forgive→forgave→forgiven
drive→drove→driven
rise→rose→risen
arise→arose→arisen
ride→rode→ridden
write→wrote→written
speak→spoke→spoken
wake→woke→woken
choose→chose→chosen
know→knew→known
lie→lay→lain
drink→drank→drunk
eat→ate→eaten
fall→fell→fallen
break→broke→broken
blow→blew→blown
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
nagged
me
so
much
for
a
new
bike
that
eventually
I
gave
________.
②She
thinks
no
one
knows
how
much
she
likes
him,
but
her
face
when
I
said
he'd
be
there
really
gave
her
________！
③At
the
end
of
the
race
his
legs
gave
________
and
he
collapsed
on
the
ground.
④It
isn't
mine;
I
must
give
it
________
to
the
owner.
⑤The
market
was
full
of
salted
fish,
giving
________
the
worst
smell.
⑥She
gave
________
her
job
to
look
after
her
sick
mother.
⑦If
I
give
in
________
my
fear,
I'll
live
a
life
of
regret.
?第三版块：典型句式
1.so
that引导目的状语从句
(教材P18)Would
you
have
time
to
attend
a
short
meeting
at
the
Student
Union
Room
at
4
pm
on
8
May
so
that
we
can
introduce
you
to
the
other
judges
and
discuss
the
details？5月8日下午4时，您是否有时间在学生会会议室参加一个简短的会议，以便我们向其他评委介绍您并讨论细节？
so
that引导目的状语从句时，意为“为了；目的是；以便”，补充说明主句中谓语动词表示的动作发生的目的，其引导的从句一般位于主句后，从句中的谓语常含有may/might,
can/could,
will/would,
should等情态动词；in
order
that与之含义相同，多用于正式文体，其引导的从句可放在主句前面或后面。
?You
must
speak
louder
so
that/in
order
that
you
can
be
heard
by
all.
你必须更大声一点，以便大家都可以听到你(的声音)。
?Cathy
had
quitted
her
job
before
her
son
was
born
so
that
she
could
stay
home
and
raise
her
family.凯茜在她儿子出生前就已辞去了工作，这样她就能够待在家里抚养孩子了。
特别提醒：
so
that也可以引导结果状语从句，补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果。注意区分以下两句话：
I
had
taken
an
early
bus
so
that
I
got
there
in
time.我乘了早班公共汽车，因此及时赶到了那里。(结果状语从句)
I'm
going
to
take
an
early
bus
so
that
I
can
get
there
in
time.我打算乘坐早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那里。(目的状语从句)
[即学即练]　完成句子/指出下列句子中so
that引导的从句类型
①He
studied
hard
________________
(为了)
he
could
pass
the
exam.
②I'll
take
some
sun
cream
with
me
________________
(以便)
the
sun
won't
burn
me.
③I
always
write
carefully
so
that
I
may
make
my
meaning
clear.________________
④I
always
write
carefully
so
that
I
make
my
meaning
clear.________________
⑤We
all
arrived
at
eight
so
that
the
meeting
began
on
time.________________
⑥We'll
come
at
eight
so
that
the
meeting
can
begin
early.________________
2.形容词短语作后置定语
(教材P20)A
gentleman,
married
for
25
years,
is
longing
to
hear
his
wife
say
“thank
you”，
but
won't
ask.一位结婚25年的先生渴望听到妻子说“谢谢”，却不愿开口(说出他的期望)。
英语中，形容词短语作定语可以位于被修饰词之后。
?The
basket
full
of
fruits
belongs
to
the
beautiful
girl.
装满水果的这个篮子是这个漂亮女孩的。
?I
think
he
is
a
man
suitable
for
the
job.
我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
单个形容词修饰不定代词somebody,
someone,
something,
anybody,
anyone,
anything,
nobody,
nothing等时，要放在不定代词后。
Anyone
intelligent
can
do
it.任何聪明人都能做这件事。
There
is
nothing
(seriously)
wrong
with
the
machine.这台机器没什么(大)毛病。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I
want
to
buy
something
very
________
(interest)．
②He
is
one
of
the
students
________
(worry)
about
the
exams.
③We
need
a
place
twice
________
(large)
than
this
one.
④This
isn't
anything
________
(importance)．
?第四版块：写作专题——邀请信
[素材储备]
1．篇章结构
邀请信是人们在日常生活、社会生活和外事活动中经常使用的一种应用文体，其特点是简短、热情，给人以真诚、亲切的感觉。
邀请信一般包括以下内容：
(1)开头一般开门见山，直接说明用意，礼貌而友好地发出邀请。
(2)正文部分通常包括活动的内容(是晚会、晚餐还是一般的聚会)、时间和地点，有时也可以告诉对方邀请的人员等。
(3)结尾表示感谢，希望对方回复或希望对方按时到达。
2．常用表达
①I
am
writing
to
invite
you
to...我写信是想邀请你……
②I
wonder
if
you
can
come...我想知道你是否能来……
③It
is
my
pleasure
to
invite
you
to...我非常荣幸邀请你来……
④My
family
and
I
would
feel
much
honoured
if
you
could
come.如果你能来，我的家人和我都将感到不胜荣幸。
⑤I'm
looking
forward
to
seeing
you.我很期待见到你。
⑥We
are
longing
to
hear
from
you.我们期待收到你的来信。
⑦We
are
looking
forward
to
your
coming
with
great
pleasure.我们高兴地期待着你的到来。
⑧I
hope
you're
not
too
busy
to
come.我盼望您在百忙之中光临。
⑨Please
confirm
your
participation
at
your
earliest
convenience.是否参加，请早日告知。
⑩Be
sure
to
come
here
on
time.请确保按时到达。
3．写作模板
Dear
________，
How
is
everything
going
with
you?
I
am
writing
to
tell
you
that
there
will
be
a
________
(内容)
at/in
________
(地点)
on
________
(时间).
We
would
be
honoured/delighted
to
have
you
there
with
us.
As
I
know,
you
are
interested
in
(fond
of/crazy
about)
________
(内容).
At
the
________
(内容),
you
will
enjoy/see...
Besides/In
addition
to
doing
sth,
you
can
also
relax
yourself/broaden
your
horizons/enrich
your
life.
I
am
sure/do
believe
you
will
have
a
great
time/enjoy
yourself.
I
hope
that
you
will
accept
my
invitation
if
it's
convenient
for
you.
Looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
[模拟演练]
假定你是李华，你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛，请给你的英国朋友George写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．比赛时间；
2．演讲话题；
3．报名方式。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
请总结你学到的有用表达：
[高级词汇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[高级句式]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词语积累]
①peer
pressure同辈压力
peer/p??(r)/n.[C]身份(或地位)相同的人，同龄人，同辈
②belong
to属于；是……的成员
Some
of
the
stamps
belong
to
me;
the
rest
are
my
brothers'.这些邮票中有些是我的，其余的是我兄弟的。
Mike
belongs
to
the
English
club.迈克是英语俱乐部的成员。
③conform
to顺从/遵从……；与……相一致
conform/k?n'f??m/vi.顺从，顺应(大多数人或社会)；遵从；相一致，相吻合
④adopt
vt.采用(某方法)，采取(某态度)；vt.
&
vi.收养，领养
⑤fit
in(with
sb./sth.)(与……)合得来；适应
I
wasn't
sure
if
she
would
fit
in
with
my
friends.我不确定她是否与我的朋友合得来。
The
new
building
must
fit
in
with
its
surroundings.这座新建筑物必须与其周围的环境相协调。
⑥resist/r?'z?st/vt.
&
vi.反抗，抵抗；抵制；忍住
resist
doing
sth.抵制做某事
⑦approval/?'pru?vl/n.[U]赞成，同意；[U，C]批准，通过
approve/?'pru?v/vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过
approve
of...赞成，同意
⑧go
along
with
sth.赞成/遵从某事
⑨bully/'b?li/vt.恐吓，伤害，胁迫
n．[C]仗势欺人者，横行霸道者
⑩defend/d?'fend/vt.
&vi.
防御，保护；vt.辩白
?role
model楷模，行为榜样
?deep
down在内心深处；在心底
Deep
down
she
knew
she
was
wrong.她心底知道自己错了。
PEER
PRESSURE
What
is
peer
pressure①
and
why
does
it
happen?
We
all
want
to
be
part
of
a
group
and
feel
like
we
belong
to②
our
community.
Peer
pressure
can
happen
when
we
are
influenced
to
do
something
that
we
would
not
usually
do
because
we
want
to
be
accepted
by
our
peers
【1】.
Children
and
young
adults
especially
feel
social
pressure
to
conform
to③
the
peer
group.
【1】本句为复合句。when...peers为when引导的时间状语从句，其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词something,
because引导原因状语从句。
How
does
peer
pressure
affect
people?
Peer
pressure
can
influence
how
people
dress,
how
they
talk,
what
music
they
listen
to,
what
attitudes
they
adopt④
and
how
they
behave.
Teenagers
want
to
be
liked,
to
fit
in⑤
and
to
be
accepted,
which
means
peer
pressure
can
be
powerful
and
hard
to
resist⑥.
People
who
are
low
in
confidence
and
unsure
of
themselves
may
be
more
likely
to
seek
their
peers'
approval⑦
by
going
along
with⑧
risky
suggestions
or
choosing
the
“wrong”
path.
In
one
study,
a
student
who
knew
the
correct
answer
to
a
question
actually
gave
the
wrong
answer
because
all
the
others
in
the
class
gave
the
wrong
answer
and
he
didn't
want
to
be
different
【2】．
【2】本句为主从复合句，主干为a
student
gave
the
wrong
answer。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词student,
because引导原因状语从句。
Can
peer
pressure
lead
to
bullying⑨？
Peer
pressure
definitely
plays
a
role
in
bullying.
If
a
teenager
is
seen
as
weak
or
different
by
the
majority
of
their
peers,
they
can
become
a
target
for
bullies.
Bullies
pick
easy
targets—
people
who
are
outside
the
peer
group
and
whom
the
group
is
unlikely
to
defend⑩.
Unfortunately,
some
bullies
are
popular
and
may
even
lead
the
peer
group,
which
means
others
are
less
likely
to
challenge
their
behaviour.
What
can
students
do
to
avoid
peer
pressure?
The
most
important
thing
is
to
build
up
self?confidence,
so
that
it
is
easier
to
say
“no”
to
the
peer
group.
Students
can
do
this
by
choosing
their
friends
wisely:
It's
a
good
idea
for
teens
to
surround
themselves
with
positive
role
models?—
people
who
don't
make
fun
of
them,
but
accept
them
and
are
confident
themselves.
It's
also
important
for
young
people
to
think
about
the
consequences
of
their
actions.
If
they
give
in
to
peer
pressure
(and
perhaps
do
something
that
they
know
deep
down?
is
wrong),
what
could
be
the
result?
If
they
stop
and
think
about
the
consequences,
they
might
make
a
different
decision.
什么是同辈压力？它的成因是什么？我们都想成为集体的一部分，想要获得归属感。当我们因为想要被同辈接纳而受他人影响去做一些通常不会做的事情时，同辈压力就产生了。为了顺应同辈集体，儿童和年轻人尤其会感受到社交压力。
同辈压力是如何影响人的呢？同辈压力会影响人们如何穿着、如何交谈、听什么样的音乐、采取何种态度以及如何行事。青少年想要被人喜欢，想要融入和被接纳，这意味着同辈压力会很强大，难以抗拒。信心不足、缺乏自信的人可能更容易接受不可靠的建议，或选择“错误”的道路，从而寻求同辈人的认可。一项研究中，一个知道问题正确答案的学生竟然给出了错误答案，因为班上其他所有人都给出了错误答案，他不想显得与众不同。
同辈压力会导致霸凌现象吗？同辈压力必然是霸凌的成因之一。如果一个青少年被大多数同辈人视为软弱，或是与众不同，就可能成为霸凌的对象。横行霸道者选择容易攻击的对象——被同辈群体排除在外的、同辈群体不太可能去保护的人。遗憾的是，一些霸凌者很受欢迎，甚至可能是同辈群体的领袖，这意味着其他人不太可能会质疑他们的行为。
学生可以做些什么来避免同辈压力呢？最重要的是建立自信，这样就更容易对同辈群体说“不”。学生们可以通过明智地择友来做到这一点：青少年结交积极的榜样是个好办法——这些人不会取笑他们而是会接受他们，并且这些人很自信。对年轻人来说，考虑自己行为的后果也很重要。如果他们屈服于同辈压力(可能去做他们深知是错误的事情)，结果将会如何？他们如果停下来考虑后果，可能会做出不同的决定。
[词语积累]
①shared
personality
qualities共同的性格特质
shared
values共同的价值观
②extrovert/'ekstr?v??t/n.[C]性格外向者，活泼自信的人
【反义】introvert/'?ntr?v??t/n.[C]内向的人，不喜欢与人交往的人
③psychiatrist/sa?'ka??tr?st/n.[C]精神病学家，精神科医生
④talkative/'t??k?t?v/adj.健谈的，爱多说话的
⑤a
range
of一系列
⑥tend
to
do
sth.往往会做某事，易于做某事
I
tend
to
see
pictures
in
my
mind
when
I
am
reading
or
listening.在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中形成画面。
⑦unmotivated/??n'm??t?ve?t?d/
adj.不感兴趣的，缺乏动力的
motivate
vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机
motivation/?m??t?'ve???n/n.[C]动力
⑧in
contrast
to与……相比
In
contrast
to
his
brother,
Bush
has
little
appetite
for
foreign
travel.与他哥哥相比，布什对出国旅行没什么兴趣。
EXTROVERTS
AND
INTROVERTS
Everyone
has
a
different
personality.
It
is
what
makes
people
individual
and
unique.
However,
there
are
some
shared
personality
qualities①
which
let
us
talk
about
personality
“types”.
One
of
the
most
basic
personality
differences
is
between
extroverts②
and
introverts.
These
terms
are
used
in
many
theories
about
personality
types.
They
were
made
popular
by
the
important
Swiss
psychiatrist③
Carl
Jung
(1875－1961),
although
he
did
not
invent
them.
Extroversion
and
introversion
are
ways
of
describing
a
person's
attitude
towards
the
world:
Do
they
move
towards
it
or
away
from
it?
Extroverts
are
people
who
look
outwards.
They
are
friendly,
sociable,
talkative④，
enthusiastic
and
self?confident.
They
are
interested
in
a
range
of⑤
experiences
and
enjoy
spending
time
with
other
people.
They
tend
to⑥
act
first,
then
think
later.
When
extroverts
feel
bad,
unmotivated⑦
or
without
energy,
they
look
outside
themselves.
This
means
they
might
go
shopping,
call
friends
or
have
a
party.
Typical
extrovert
jobs
are
in
politics,
sales,
teaching
and
management.
Introverts,
on
the
other
hand,
look
inwards.
They
feel
more
comfortable
alone
and
enjoy
ideas
and
thinking.
They
are
reserved,
quiet,
thoughtful
and
may
be
shy.
They
like
to
think
and
consider
before
taking
action,
and
will
often
analyse
before
speaking.
In
contrast
to⑧
extroverts,
they
value
fewer,
but
deeper
experiences.
When
feeling
bad
or
stressed,
introverts
look
inside
themselves
for
energy
and
motivation.
Introverts
often
work
as
artists,
writers,
engineers
and
inventors.
Although
personality
types
are
different,
most
people
have
both
extrovert
and
introvert
characteristics
in
their
personality,
but
often
they
are
more
one
type
than
the
other.
There
has
been
some
interesting
research
into
why
people
are
basically
extroverts
or
introverts.
Some
people
say
that
extroverts
and
introverts
are
born
not
made.
Others
believe
that
the
environment
is
more
important
in
shaping
one's
personality.
Attitudes
towards
introverts
and
extroverts
vary
in
different
cultures.
For
example,
Americans
value
extrovert
qualities.
However,
cultures
such
as
those
in
central
Europe
and
southeast
Asia
regard
introvert
characteristics
more
highly.
Interestingly,
research
shows
that
people
who
live
on
islands
tend
to
be
more
introverted.
Studies
have
also
found
that
extroverts
have
higher
happiness
levels
than
introverts.
每个人都有不同的性格。正是性格让人们与众不同、独一无二。然而，一些共同的性格特质让我们可以讨论性格“类型”。最基本的性格差异之一是外向者和内向者之间的差异。这些术语被用在许多关于性格类型的理论里。著名瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格(
1875－1961)使这些术语为人所知，尽管这些术语并不是他发明的。外向和内向是描述一个人对待世界的态度的方式：是拥抱它还是疏远它？
外向型的人是向外看的人。他们友善、爱交际、健谈、热情且自信。他们对各种体验都感兴趣，喜欢与他人共度时光。他们倾向于先行动，后思考。外向型的人感到不适、没有动力或没有干劲时，他们会从自我的外部寻求解决办法。这意味着他们可能会去购物、给朋友打电话或搞聚会。典型的外向型工作涉及政治事务、销售、教学和管理。
从另一方面来说，内向者向内探求。他们觉得独处更舒服，喜欢思考。他们矜持、安静、体贴，可能比较腼腆。他们喜欢先思而后行，并且经常会在发言之前进行分析。与外向者相反，他们重视数量虽少却更深刻的体验。感觉不适或有压力时，内向者会向自己内部寻求能量和动力。内向者经常从事艺术家、作家、工程师和发明家的工作。
尽管性格类型不同，但大多数人在性格上都同时具有外向者和内向者的特征，但通常其中一种的特征比另一种明显。人们进行了一些有趣的研究，探索为什么大体上人有外向者和内向者之分。有些人认为外向者和内向者是天生的而不是后天形成的，其他人则认为环境对于一个人的性格塑造更为重要。
人们对内向者和外向者的态度在不同文化中有所不同。例如，美国人重视外向者的品质。而中欧、东南亚的文化则更欣赏内向者的性格。有趣的是，研究表明，住在岛上的人往往更内向。研究还发现，外向者比内向者的幸福指数更高。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．On
last
December
5th
our
class
o________
an
activity
to
celebrate
the
International
Volunteer
Day.
2．Your
relevant
knowledge
gained
in
the
workplace
can
help
beat
other
c________.
3．Our
school
is
scheduled
to
hold
a
music
festival
next
weekend,
so
I'm
writing
s________
to
invite
you
to
this
event.
4．After
they
were
given
an
________
(邀请)
to
appear
live
on
BBC,
the
Beatles
quickly
became
famous
in
Britain
with
nationwide
tours.
5．The
students
are
longing
for
another
chance
to
explore
the
________
(话题)
with
the
lecturer.
6．Technological
________
(创新),
combined
with
good
marketing,
will
promote
the
sales
of
these
products.
7．Most
teachers
find
that
students'
active
________
(参与)
is
the
key
to
making
teaching
and
learning
more
enjoyable.
8．His
________
(流畅)
in
English
gives
him
an
advantage
over
the
other
candidates
for
the
job.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．尽管学业占用了海伦一天中的大部分时间，她还总是帮助妈妈做家务。
Helen
always
helps
her
mother
with
the
household
chores
even
though
________________.
2．这对双胞胎代表所有村民给为他们打井的工人们送上花。
________________，
the
twins
sent
flowers
to
the
workers
who
built
them
the
well.
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
People
are
unique
because
they
have
a
different
personality.
Two
1.________
(share)
personality
qualities
among
people
are
extroverts
and
introverts,
which
2.________
(use)
to
describe
a
person's
attitude
towards
the
world.
Extroverts,
who
are
3.________
(friend),
sociable,
talkative,
enthusiastic
and
self?confident,
move
towards
the
world.
Preferring
to
spend
time
with
people
and
experience
various
4.________
(activity),
they
usually
act
without
thinking
in
advance.
They
tend
5.________
(do)
things
with
others
when
they
feel
bad
or
in
low
spirits.
Extroverts
are
suitable
for
jobs
that
involve
associating
with
others,
such
as
politics,
sales,
etc.
Introverts,
6.________
personalities
are
reserved,
quiet,
thoughtful,
and
appreciate
being
alone
comfortably.
They
take
actions
carefully
and
seldom
speak
without
second
thought.
7.________
(value)
fewer
but
deeper
experiences,
they
depend
on
themselves
to
get
energy
and
motivation
when
they
are
8.________
a
bad
mood.
They
like
to
choose
jobs
like
writers
or
inventors.
9．________
(actual)
most
people
have
the
characteristics
of
both
extroverts
and
introverts
in
their
personality.
There
is
still
no
conclusion
whether
they
are
born
or
10.________
(develop)
in
special
environment.
And
different
cultures
have
different
attitudes
towards
introverts
and
extroverts.
Ⅳ.写作训练
假定你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
1．比赛的时间、地点；
2．邀请他的原因；
3．训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：
1．词数不少于80；
2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the
World
Adolescent
Robotics
Competition
Dear
Chris，
I
have
good
news
to
tell
you._________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Jin
Part
Ⅴ　Writing
Workshop,
Viewing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．motivation　2.contrast　3.politics　4.unmotivated
5．principle　6.defend　7.approval　8.belong　9.sincerely　10.engagement　11.clarity　12.competitor　13.topic
14．behalf　15.organise
Ⅱ.
1．motivation　2.clarity　3.innovation　4.invitation
5．principle　6.defend　7.approval　8.belong　9.sincerely　petitors　11.topics　12.behalf　13.organised
Ⅲ.
1．in
contrast
to　2.tend
to
do
sth.　3.a
range
of　4.in
control　5.take
sth.
seriously　6.give
in
to　7.make
fun
of　8.surround...with...　9.lead
to　10.go
along
with　11.conform
to　12.belong
to　13.feel
like　14.long
to
do
sth.　15.take
up　16.be
responsible
for　17.be
willing
to
do
sth.　18.on
behalf
of
sb.
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①at　②an　③invitation/being
invited　④to　⑤inviting　⑥inviting→invited　⑦writing→write
2．①organisation/organization　②organised/organized　③organise/organize
the
party　④Organise/Organize
your
thoughts/ideas
3．①competitors　compete　competitive　②compete
with/against　③competing
for
4．①in
progress　②in
progress　③have
made
rapid
progress　④No
progress
was
made　⑤删除a
5．①in　②engagement　③engaged　④engaged　⑤to
6．①himself　②behaviour　③towards　④behave
well
7．①in　②on
8．①in
sharp
contrast
to　②contrasted
sharply
with
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①off　②up　③in　④in　⑤up
2．①On
behalf
of
everyone
here,
I
wish
you
a
pleasant
journey.　②I
feel
honored
to
deliver
a
speech
here
on
behalf
of
all
the
students
of
our
school.
3．①conform
to/with　②conform
to/with
4．①in　②away　③out　④back　⑤off　⑥up　⑦to
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①in
order
that　②so
that　③目的状语从句　④结果状语从句　⑤结果状语从句　⑥目的状语从句
2．①interesting　②worried　③larger　④important
?第四版块：写作专题——邀请信
[模拟演练]
参考范文：
Dear
George，
There
will
be
a
Chinese
speech
contest
for
foreign
students
in
our
school.
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
compete
in
it,
because
this
is
a
good
chance
for
you
to
show
how
well
you've
learnt
Chinese.
It
will
take
place
in
the
school
hall
from
9：00
to
12：00
on
the
morning
of
January
18.
The
topic
is
“Traditional
Chinese
Culture”.
If
you
are
interested,
please
sign
up
on
our
school
website
www.
before
January
10.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Hua
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．organised　2.competitors　3.sincerely　4.invitation
5．topic　6.innovation　7.engagement　8.fluency
Ⅱ.
1．her
studies
take
up
most
of
her
day　2.On
behalf
of
all
the
villagers
Ⅲ.
1．shared　2.are
used　3.friendly　4.activities　5.to
do
6．whose　7.Valuing　8.in　9.Actually　10.developed
Ⅳ.
Dear
Chris，
I
have
good
news
to
tell
you.
Tianjin
will
witness
a
great
event
at
the
end
of
this
July,
the
World
Adolescent
Robotics
Competition.
With
my
great
enthusiasm
about
robotics,
I'm
made
head
of
our
team.
At
present,
we're
making
preparations
for
the
event.
The
other
day,
it
occurred
to
me
that
you
once
won
a
prize
in
a
similar
competition.
Therefore,
it
can't
be
better
if
you
can
join
my
team
and
show
your
talent.
Meanwhile,
attached
to
this
email
is
a
training
plan
I
have
worked
out
for
my
team,
on
which
I
hope
you
can
make
some
suggestions.
After
all,
you
have
lots
of
practical
tricks
of
great
use.
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours，
Li
Jin