北师大版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 2 Success 学案（6份打包）

Unit
2　Success
PartⅠ　Topic
Talk
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我之生命的意义和价值
课时词汇
determined,
committed,
injury,
employee,
appreciative,
enthusiastic
常用短语
make
sense,
in
no
sense,
work
on,
be
tired
of,
believe
in,
remind
sb.
of
sth.,
be
committed
to,
come
up
with,
for
example
重点句式
(1)way后接定语的用法
(2)that引导的同位语从句
(3)while的用法
(4)动词不定式短语作表语
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
n.
合作，协作
2．________________
n.
投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺
3．________________
n.
职业，事业
4．________________
n.
伤，损害
5．________________
adj.
感激的
6．________________
adj.
有抱负的，有雄心的
7．________________
adj.
热心的，热衷的
8．________________
adj.
坚定的；尽心尽力的
9．________________
adj.
乐观的，乐观主义的
10．________________
adj.
坚定的，坚决的
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．We
would
like
to
see
closer
________
(合作)
between
parents
and
schools.
2．A
career
as
a
teacher
requires
one
hundred
percent
________
(投入)．
3．She
started
her
________
(事业)
as
an
English
teacher.
4．Someone
who
is
________
(有抱负的)
has
a
strong
desire
to
be
successful,
rich,
or
powerful.
5．A(n)
________
(雇员)
is
a
person
who
is
paid
to
work
for
an
organisation
or
for
another
person.
6．If
you
are
e________
about
something,
you
show
how
much
you
like
or
enjoy
it
by
the
way
that
you
behave
and
talk.
7．The
party
has
a
core
of
c________
supporters.
8．We
shall
all
have
a
very
o________
outlook
for
our
future.
9．Roy
seems
very
d________
about
his
plan,
but
I
do
not
think
he
will
go
through
with
it.
10．In
the
crash
he
suffered
severe
i________
to
the
head
and
arms.
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语
1．谈论
________________
2．提醒，使想起
________________
3．处理
________________
4．有意义；解释得通
________________
5．在很年轻的时候
________________
6．例如
________________
7．提出，想出
________________
8．信任，信赖
________________
9．致力于
________________
10．从事于，忙于
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.determined
adj.
坚决的，坚定的；决心，决定　determine
vt.决定，决心；确定　determination
n．[U]决心，果断，坚定
(教材P28)be
passionate
and
determined
about
what
you
do
对你所做的事情保持热情和决心
be
determined
to
do
sth.
决心/决定做某事
be
determined
that...
决心……
determine
on/upon
sth.
决定某事
?Surprised
at
how
skillful
they
were，I
was
determined
to
be
just
as
good.
惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀。
?Determined
to
increase
the
production
of
rice,
Yuan
Longping,
with
his
team,
has
overcome
many
difficulties.
一心想要增加大米产量，袁隆平和他的团队克服了很多困难。
?He
was
determined
that
the
same
mistake
would
not
be
repeated.
他决心不重蹈覆辙。
特别提醒：
determine
to
do
sth.和be
determined
to
do
sth.都表示“决心做某事”，但前者强调动作，不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用；后者强调状态，表示已经下定决心，可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
试比较：
For
a
long
time
he
was
determined
to
propose
to
her.他决定要向她求婚已经很久了。(√)
For
a
long
time
he
determined/has
determined
to
propose
to
her.
(×)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Through
the
activity,
what
I
felt
is
that
I
am
able
to
shoulder
the
responsibility
and
become
more
________(determine)．
②Johnson
had
made
up
his
mind
to
give
it
up,
but
on
second
thought,
he
determined
________
(try)
a
third
time.
③Write
a
poem
about
how
courage,
________
(determine),
and
strength
have
helped
you
face
challenges
in
your
life.
④Encouraged
by
a
famous
dancer,
the
little
girl
is
determined
________
(do)
what
she
is
interested
in.
⑤Mark
told
Jenny
he
would
only
complete
half
the
plan
if
he
started
next
Tuesday.
Later,
he
determined
________
an
early
start.
2.committed
adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的
(教材P106)You've
seemed
very
committed
to
your
studies
recently.
你最近似乎对学习很投入。
(1)commit
vt.
承诺，保证；做(错事)，犯(罪)
commit
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺(做)某事
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺(做)某事
commit
a
crime/a
mistake
犯罪/犯错误
commit...to...
投入……于……
(2)commitment
n.
[C，U]许诺，承诺；[U](对工作或活动的)献身，奉献，投入；[C，U]花费，使用(资金、时间、人力)
make
a
commitment
to
sb./sth.
对某人/某物作出承诺
make
a
commitment
to
do
sth.
保证/承诺做某事
?Mr
Li
is
a
committed
teacher,
who
is
very
popular
among
students.
李老师是一位尽职尽责的老师，很受学生欢迎。
?The
party
has
a
lot
of
committed
supporters.
这个政党有很多坚定的支持者。
?We
are
fully
committed
to
these
educational
policies.
我们完全支持这些教育政策。
?I
have
committed
myself
to
joining
the
task
for
at
least
the
coming
year.
我已答应至少明年要参与这项工作。
?A
lot
of
money
has
been
committed
to
this
project.
这个项目已经投入了很多钱。
典型例句：
(1)John
made
a
commitment
to
his
mother
that
he
would
be
a
musician.
Since
then,
he
has
been
committed
to
practising
the
piano.
约翰对他的妈妈承诺，他会成为一名音乐家。从那时起，他一直坚持练习弹钢琴。
(2)I
have
committed
myself
to
helping
them.我已承诺帮助他们。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We
will
remain
________(commit)to
the
path
of
peaceful
development
and
shoulder
more
international
responsibilities.
②But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument
(乐器)，and
was
committed
to
________
(practice)
it
so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well.
③The
President
made
a
________
(commit)
to
the
nation
that
he
would
struggle
for
lower
taxes
and
improve
health
care
after
taking
office.
3.enthusiastic
adj.热情的，热心的，热烈的
(教材P28)enthusiastic
and
ambitious热情且雄心勃勃的
(1)enthusiasm
n.
[U]热情，热心，热忱
with
enthusiasm
怀着热情
(2)enthusiast
n.
[C]热心者，爱好者
(3)enthusiastically
adv.
热情地
be
enthusiastic
about
(doing)
sth.
对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
?He
doesn't
know
much
about
this
subject,
but
he's
very
enthusiastic.
他对这个话题所知不多，但他极感兴趣。
?Little
Tom
was
so
enthusiastic
about
Chinese
and
after
six
months'
learning,
he
could
speak
it
quite
fluently.
小汤姆对中文十分感兴趣。学习了六个月后，他能说得相当流利。
?The
proposal
was
greeted
with
great
enthusiasm.
这个提议得到了热情的响应。
The
enthusiasts
for
environmental
protection
are
planting
trees
with
great
enthusiasm,
which
makes
us
more
enthusiastic
about
environmental
protection.
环保热心人士正在热情十足地植树，这使我们对环保更加感兴趣了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Moore
is
enthusiastic
________
the
candy
she
created,
and
she's
also
positive
about
what
the
future
might
bring.
②Although
Rosemary
had
suffered
from
a
serious
illness
for
years,
she
lost
none
of
her
__________
(enthusiastic)
for
life.
4.injury
n．伤，损害
(教材P106)Despite
many
injuries
in
his
career,
he
always
remained
determined
and
focused.
尽管他在职业生涯中多次受伤，但他始终保持着决心和专注。
(1)do
an
injury
to
sb.＝do
sb.
an
injury
伤害某人
have/get/receive/suffer
an
injury
受伤
a
head/leg/knee
injury
头部/腿部/膝盖受伤
personal
injury
人身伤害
(2)injure
vt.
(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤
(3)injured
adj.
受伤的；有伤的
an
injured
leg
一条受伤的腿
the
injured
伤员；受伤的人
get
injured
受伤
?The
driver
of
the
car
received
serious
injuries
to
the
legs
and
arms.
这辆车的司机腿和手臂都受了严重的伤。
?If
you
don't
warm
up
before
taking
exercise,
you
risk
injuring
yourself.
如果你在锻炼之前不热身，你就有使自己受伤的风险。
?Ambulances
took
the
injured
to
a
nearby
hospital.
救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。
易混辨析　injury，hurt和wound的用法区别
易混词
用法
例句
injury
尤指因意外事故使身体某部位受到的伤害。
There's
a
chance
of
injury
in
almost
any
sports.几乎任何运动都可能使人受伤。
hurt
n.伤害；痛苦
指情感方面受到的伤害。
Her
brave
smile
concealed
a
deep
hurt.她勇敢的微笑背后隐藏着深深的痛苦。
wound
n.伤口；创伤；伤害(＝injury)
指在战争或殴打中受到刀、枪等武器的伤害；也可指感情或精神上的伤害。
The
nurse
cleaned
the
wound.护士清洗了伤口。
词语辨析：
injury,
wound,
hurt,
harm,
damage
injury指平时的大小创伤或伤害；wound指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口；hurt指精神上和感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛；harm与damage表示损失、损害，不表示伤痛。
[助记]injury包括；
cut(割伤)；burn(烧伤)；scratch(抓伤)；bruise(擦伤)等
名师指津：
英语中常常见到“the＋形容词”或“the＋过去分词”在句中作主语、表语或宾语，表示一类人，是复数概念。
如：We
often
see
the
young
support
the
old
up
and
down
the
bus
at
the
station.在车站我们常常看到年轻人搀扶老年人上下车。
这里the
young指年轻人，the
old指老年人。另外还有the
wounded伤员；the
injured受伤的人(们)。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The
increasing
traffic
accidents
have
caused
many
________(injury)
and
deaths.
②The
________(injure)
are
being
sent
to
hospital
after
the
accident.
③The
women
________(injure)
in
the
accident
should
be
given
first
aid.
④There
were
no
________(injury)
in
the
crash.
⑤When
the
horse
suffered
a
back
________(injure),
the
vet
cured
it
with
his
own
expert
hands.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.make
sense有意义；解释得通
(教材P106)Yes,
that
makes
a
lot
of
sense.是的，这很有道理。
common
sense
常识
a
sense
of
humour/direction/responsibility
幽默/方向/责任感
make
sense
of...
理解……；弄懂……
in
a
sense/in
one
sense/in
some
senses
从某种/一定意义上来讲
there
is
no
sense
in(doing)
sth.
(做)某事是没有道理/必要的
make
no
sense
没意义
?His
strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he's
an
environmental
scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter...
考虑到他是一位研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家，他这个奇怪的习惯就解释得通了。
?Before
she
found
the
solution
to
the
problem,
she
must
try
to
make
sense
of
what
had
happened.
在她找到解决问题的方法之前，她必须设法弄清楚发生了什么。
?What
he
says
is
right，in
a
sense.他所说的是对的，从某种意义上来说是这样。
?There
is
no
sense
in
being
anything
but
practical
though,
he
thought.
然而实用还是最有意义的，他想。
?Planning
so
far
ahead
makes
no
sense—so
many
things
will
have
changed
by
next
year.
提前这么久计划没意义，到明年许多事情可能都已经变了。
句型归纳：
There
is
no＋名词＋in
doing
sth.
(1)“名词”是表示“利弊、用途”的抽象名词
如：There
is
no
good
in
going.去没有什么好处。
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
that.那样做并无害处。
There
is
no
use
in
doing
it.＝It
is
no
use
doing
it.干此事毫无用处。
(2)“名词”是表示“价值，意义”的抽象名词。如：
There
is
no
sense
in
waiting
here.在这里等下去毫无意义。
There
is
no
point
in
doing
so.这样做毫无意义。
There
is
no
disgrace
in
failing
once.一旦失败也不丢脸。
注意：此结构中介词in可省略。可说There
is
no
use
asking
her.
[即学即练]　根据汉语意思完成句子。
①作为一个伴侣，最重要的素质之一是幽默感。
One
of
the
most
important
qualities
in
a
partner
is
____________________.
②现在没必要为这件事担忧。
______________________
in
worrying
about
it
now.
③你能看懂这篇文章吗？
Can
you
____________________
this
article?
④整天上网聊天是没有意义的，你最好做点别的。
It
______________________
to
chat
online
all
day
long.
You'd
better
do
something
else.
2.come
up
with想出，找到
(教材P106)Well,
I
have
come
up
with
a
few
tips
for
success.
噢，我正找到几条成功秘诀。
come
up
上来，上升，走近，靠近，发生，被提到
come
to
sb.
被某人想到
to
come
(放在名词后)将来，未来
when
it
comes
to
(doing)
sth.
(当)说到(做)某事时
come
out
出现，出来；出版，发行；公布；结果
句型there
is＋no＋doing
sth.归纳：
(1)动词多为表“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词
(如：say,
know,
tell等)其后一般跟疑问词when,
what等。
There
is
no
saying
what
may
happen.很难说会发生什么事儿。
There
is
no
telling
when
he
will
return.说不清他会何时回来。
There
is
no
knowing
when
we
shall
meet
again.不知何时我们再相会。
(2)其他动词，其意义相当灵活
There
is
no
mistaking
what
ought
to
be
done.应该做什么是清楚的。
There
is
no
denying
the
fact.事实无可否认。
There
is
no
holding
back
the
wheel
of
history.历史的车轮不能倒转。
[即学即练]　根据汉语意思完成句子
①我希望一切顺利。
I
hope
everything
comes
________
fine.
②她的新书将于下月出版。
Her
new
book
will
come
________
next
mouth.
③结果发现他一直在撒谎。
It
came
________
that
he
had
been
lying
all
the
time.
④圣诞节快要到了。
Christmas
is
coming
________
soon.
⑤他想出了解决这个问题最好的办法。
He
came
up
________
the
best
solution
to
the
problem.
⑥说到英语，她是全班第一。
When
it
comes
________
English,
she
is
the
best
in
the
class.
⑦将来我将更加努力学习。
I
will
study
harder
in
the
days
________
come.
?第三版块：典型句式
It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
(教材P106)Everyone
can
fail
but
it's
how
you
deal
with
failure
that
counts.
每个人都可能失败，但重要的是你如何处理失败。
强调句型
基本句式
It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．(指人时用that/who，指物时用that)
一般疑问句
Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑问句
疑问词＋is/was
it＋that/who＋其他部分？
not...until
句型的强调句
It
is/was
not
until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分.
名师提醒：
(1)“It
is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他部分”这种句型只能对句子的主语、宾语和状语进行强调，不能对句子谓语进行强调。
(2)对句子谓语进行强调的方式是：当句子是一般现在时或一般过去时时，可用“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”进行强调。如：
①He
does
see
her
on
the
street
every
day.他确实每天在大街上看到她。
②We
do
work
hard
at
lessons.我们在功课上确实很用功。
③John
did
listen
to
English
record
this
morning.今天早上约翰确实听英语录音了。
[即学即练]　根据要求用强调句型单句写作/完成句子/句型转换
①I
met
Li
Ming
at
the
railway
station.(强调宾语)
________________________________________________________________________
②They
cleaned
the
classroom
yesterday.(强调主语)
________________________________________________________________________
③I
met
her
father
in
the
street.(强调地点状语)
________________________________________________________________________
④I
didn't
realise
she
was
a
famous
film
star
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses.(强调时间状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
⑤他是因为表现太差才受到老师惩罚的吗？
____________________
he
behaved
badly
______________________
he
was
punished
by
his
teacher?
⑥他因为什么受到老师的惩罚呢？
________________________
he
was
punished
by
his
teacher?
⑦He
didn't
realise
the
importance
of
study
until
he
lost
his
job.
→________________________
he
realised
the
importance
of
study.(改为强调句)
→Not
until
he
lost
his
job
______________________
the
importance
of
study.(改为倒装句)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．Looking
up
from
the
moon's
surface,
the
a________
were
able
to
see
the
great
shining
earth.
2．Until
now,
I
still
feel
greatly
a________
of
his
helping
me
without
hesitation
when
I
was
in
trouble.
3．He
suffered
a
serious
knee
i________
that
forced
him
to
dropped
out
of
the
team.
4．Being
a
high
school
teacher
is
a
very
demanding
c________，
however,
it
is
also
very
rewarding.
5．Light?hearted
and
o________，
she
is
the
sort
of
woman
to
spread
sunshine
to
people
through
her
smile.
6．This
is
important
if
you
want
to
be
a
high
achiever
in
life.
Every
successful
person
is
highly
________(遵守纪律的)．
7．It's
been
reported
that
76
percent
of
________(雇员)in
some
western
countries
are
using
emojis(表情符号)at
work.
8．The
________(坚定的)look
in
their
eyes
told
us
that
nothing
could
make
them
change
their
mind.
9．We
need
to
make
________(尽心尽力的)efforts
to
address
these
problems.
10．If
they
win
the
final
tonight,
the
team
are
going
to
tour
the
city
to
be
cheered
by
their
________(热情的)supporters.
11．She's
an
________(有抱负的)young
professional
that
any
company
would
be
glad
to
have.
12．Contact
between
different
cultures
would
contribute
to
more
________
(合作)and
further
communication
of
the
two
sides.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Young
people
should
believe
that
anything
is
possible
and
that
nothing
can
stand
in
their
way
with
________
(determine)
and
perseverance.
2．If
you
are
________
(determine)
and
focused,
you'll
be
amazed
at
what
you
can
achieve.
3．They
expressed
cautious
________
(optimistic)
about
the
solution
to
the
crisis.
4．Expressing
his
thoughts
in
colours
and
lines
was
how
this
painter
made
sense
________
the
world.
5．We
are
committed
to________
(get)
it
done
and
we
expect
real
progress
at
these
meetings.
6．And
tens
of
millions
in
Africa
and
Asia
can
see
because
of
the
________
(commit)
Wilson
made
to
preventing
the
preventable.
7．But
some
ecologists
and
fashion
(时装)
________
(enthusiastic)
are
trying
to
bring
back
the
market
for
fur
made
from
nutria
(海狸鼠)．
8．With
high
motivation
and
________
(enthusiastic),
we
can
keep
on
learning.
9．________
(ambitious)
plays
an
essential
role
because
it
serves
as
a
driving
force
for
people
to
achieve
success.
10．As
a
result,
she
says,
some
of
the
________
(injury)
associated
with
running,
such
as
runner's
knee,
are
uncommon
among
race
walkers.
11．It
makes
sense
________
(buy)
a
house
now
because
prices
will
certainly
go
up
soon.
Ⅲ.句子仿写：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】I've
been
working
on
a
project
on
how
to
lead
a
successful
life.
【仿句】我在大学教英语25年了。
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】For
example,
one
successful
person
I
admire
is
Liu
Yang,
who
is
an
astronaut.
【仿句】他有两个女儿，她们在同一所学校学习。
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】The
final
tip
is
to
learn
from
failure.
【仿句】她将于下个月结婚。
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】Everyone
can
fail
but
it's
how
you
deal
with
failure
that
counts.
【仿句】是我妈妈每天做饭。
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】．..it's
important
to
work
well
with
others.
【仿句】得到充足的睡眠很重要。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
Leo
has
been
working
on
a
project
on
how
1.________(lead)
a
successful
life
and
has
come
up
with
a
few
2.________(tip)
for
success.
First,
if
you
want
to
be
successful,
you
really
need
to
be
passionate
and
3.________(determine)
about
what
you
do.
You
also
need
to
work
hard.
For
example,
Liu
Yang,
4.________
astronaut,
was
passionate
about
space
and
determined
in
her
effort
and
so
was
able
to
become
China's
5.________
(one)
female
astronaut
at
a
very
young
age.
Other
secrets
of
success
are
to
believe
in
6.________
(you)
and
to
be
grateful.
Being
grateful
7.________
(mean)
you're
always
appreciative
of
what
you
have
and
8.________
other
people
have
done
for
you.
In
this
way,
you
are
likely
to
stay
positive
about
life
and
be
9.________
(inspire)
to
others.
The
final
tip
is
to
learn
from
failure.
Everyone
can
fail
but
it's
how
you
deal
with
failure
10.________
counts.
A
successful
person
always
remains
committed
and
focused.
Unit
2　Success
Part
Ⅰ　Topic
Talk
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．cooperation　2.commitment　3.career　4.injury
5．appreciative　6.ambitious　7.enthusiastic　8.committed
9．optimistic　10.determined
Ⅱ.
1．cooperation　2.commitment　3.career　4.ambitious
5．employee　6.enthusiastic　7.committed　8.optimistic
9．determined　10.injuries
Ⅲ.
1．talk
about　2.remind
of　3.deal
with　4.make
sense
5．at
a
very
young
age　6.for
example　7.come
up
with
8．believe
in　9.be
committed
to　10.work
on
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①determined　②to
try　③determination　④to
do　⑤on
2．①committed　②practicing　③commitment
3．①about　句意：Moore对她做的糖果很有热情，她对未来可能带来的前景也很乐观。
②enthusiasm　句意：Rosemary尽管患一种严重的疾病很多年了，但从来没有失去对生活的热情。
4．①injuries　②injured　③injured　④injuries　⑤injury
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①a
sense
of
humour　②There
is
no
sense　③make
sense
of　④makes
no
sense
2．①out　②out　③out　④up　⑤with　⑥to　⑦to
?第三版块：典型句式
①It
was
Li
Ming
that/who
I
met
at
the
railway
station.
②It
was
they
that/who
cleaned
the
classroom
yesterday.
③It
was
in
the
street
that
I
met
her
father.
④It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realised
she
was
a
famous
film
star.
⑤Was
it
because;
that
⑥Why
was
it
that
⑦It
was
not
until
he
lost
his
job
that
　did
he
realise
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．astronauts　2.appreciative　3.injury　4.career
5．optimistic　6.disciplined　7.employees　8.determined
9．committed　10.enthusiastic　11.ambitious　12.cooperation
Ⅱ.
1．determination　2.determined　3.optimism　4.of
5．getting　6.commitment　7.enthusiasts　8.enthusiasm
9．Ambition　10.injuries　11.to
buy
Ⅲ.
1．I
have
been
teaching
English
at
university
for
25
years.
2．He
has
two
daughters,
who
study
in
the
same
school.
3．She
is
to
be/get
married
next
month.
4．It
is
my
mother
that/who
cooks
every
day.
5．It
is
important
to
get
enough
sleep.
Ⅳ.
1．to
lead　2.tips　3.determined　4.an　5.first　6.yourself　7.means　8.what　9.inspiring　10.thatUnit
2
Success
PartⅡ　Lesson
1　Money
vs
Success
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我生命的意义和价值之探讨
课时词汇
symbol,
fortune,
appreciate,
hunger
常用短语
give
away,
get
on,
dream
up,
be
tired
of,
be
regarded
as,
die
of,
drop
out
重点句式
(1)way后接定语的用法
(2)that引导的同位语从句
(3)while的用法
(4)动词不定式作表语
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
adj.
内疚的，羞愧的
2．________________
n.
饥饿，饥荒
3．________________
vt.
欣赏；赏识
4．________________
n.
家具
5．________________
n.
寝室，学生宿舍
6．________________
adj.
最后的，最终的
7．________________
n.
象征，标志
8．________________
n.
教授
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．We've
all
been
________
(羞愧的)
of
selfishness
at
some
time
in
our
lives.
2．The
organisation
works
to
fight
against
world
________
(饥饿)
and
disease.
3．He
sold
the
house
together
with
the
________
(家具)．
4．I
would
________
(感激)
it
if
you
pay
in
cash.
5．Some
schools
call
their
d________
by
letters
of
the
alphabet.
6．If
your
u________
goal
is
to
be
an
English
teacher,
then
what
you
should
do
is
study
English
well.
7．White
has
always
been
a
s________
of
purity
in
Western
cultures.
8．He
is
a
chemistry
p________
at
Shandong
University.
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语
1．退出，脱离；辍学
________________
2．发迹；出人头地
________________
3．死于
________________
4．数百万的
________________
5．捐赠
________________
6．被看作
________________
7．厌倦
________________
8．放弃
________________
9．照顾
________________
10．抛弃；背弃
________________
11．挣钱
________________
12．担心
________________
13．凭空想出，虚构出
________________
14．……的象征
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.symbol
n
[C]象征；标志
(教材P30)For
a
lot
of
people,
becoming
a
millionaire
is
a
symbol
of
success
and
they
set
this
as
their
ultimate
goal.
对很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，他们把它当作自己的终极目标。
a
symbol
of
……的象征
the
symbol
for
……的符号
the
Olympic
symbol
奥林匹克标志
the
chemical
symbol
化学符号
易混辨析
symbol
指符号、象征、标志等，常表示某种有深远寓意的事物
signal
指为某一目的而有意识地发出的信号
sign
表示“记号，符号”时，同symbol；表示“指示，标志”时，侧重指用图形、文字等表达的内容；另外还可指“征兆，迹象”
mark
普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意识地做的标记，又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征。也可用于指“分数，成绩”
典型例句：
(1)You
should
pay
attention
to
traffic
signs.你应该注意交通标志。
(2)There
isn't
a
sign
of
life
in
the
place.那地方没有生命迹象。
(3)A
green
light
is
a
signal
to
pass.绿灯是通行的信号。
(4)A
dove
is
the
symbol
of
peace.鸽子是和平的象征。
(5)$
is
the
symbol
of
dollar.$是美元的符号。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What
is
the
chemical
symbol
________
copper?
②Gold,
like
in
any
other
culture,
was
always
a
symbol
________
wealth.
用symbol,
signal,
sign和mark的适当形式填空
③All
I
get
is
a
busy
________
whenever
I
dial
his
number.
④There
is
no
________
of
his
getting
over
his
illness
in
a
short
time.
⑤A
code
uses
________
to
replace
words,
phrases
or
sentences.
⑥Roger's
horse
has
a
white
________
on
its
head.
2.fortune
n．[C]大笔的钱，巨款；命运[U]运气；机遇
(教材P30)Sixteen
years
ago,
Jason
was
a
college
professor
with
a
huge
six?bedroom
house
and
a
fortune
of
two
million
dollars.
16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一栋有6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财产。
make
a/one's
fortune
发财
try
one's
fortune
碰运气
seek
one's
fortune
寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
?She
inherited
a
fortune
from
her
grandmother.她从祖母那里继承了一大笔财产。
?The
film
follows
the
fortunes
of
two
women.这部电影讲述了两个女人的命运。
?I
have
had
the
good
fortune
to
work
with
some
brilliant
directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
?If
you
can
discover
a
market
need,
you
can
make
a
fortune.
如果你能发现市场需求，你就能赚大钱。
?They
are
going
to
try
their
fortune
once
more.他们想再碰一次运气。
?Fifteen
years
ago,
the
government
official
quitted
his
job
after
deciding
to
seek
his
fortune
by
making
sticky
rice
wine.
15年前，这位政府官员在决定靠制作糯米酒来发财之后，辞去了他的工作。
知识拓展：
①misfortune
n．[c，u]不幸；灾难
②fortunate
adj.幸运的[反]unfortunate
adj.不幸的
I
consider
myself
fortunate
to
have
had
such
a
good
education.
我认为自己很幸运，受过这么好的教育。
③fortunately
adv.幸运地[反]unfortunately
adv.不幸地
Fortunately，we
got
home
before
it
started
to
rain.
幸运的是，我们在下雨之前回到了家。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Red
is
a
________
(fortune)
colour
in
Chinese
culture.
②A
fire
broke
out
yesterday,
but
________(fortune),
no
one
was
hurt.
③________
(fortune),
his
father
died,
leaving
his
family
worse
off.
④She
made
________
big
fortune
from
wise
investment
(投资)．
3.appreciate
v．欣赏；赏识；感激
(教材P31)But
Jason
appreciates
this
change.
但是詹森感谢有这样的变化。
(1)appreciate
doing
sth.
对做某事感激
appreciate
sb.
doing
sth.
感激某人做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
如果……，我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation
n.
[U]欣赏，赏识；感激；[U，sing.]理解，体谅
in
appreciation
of...
感谢……
(3)appreciative
adj.
感激的，感谢的；欣赏的，赏识的
?I
appreciate
your
generosity
in
the
matter.
我很欣赏你在这件事上表现出来的宽大胸怀。
?Some
people,
especially
older
ones,
appreciate
a
thank?you
message.
有些人，尤其是年纪较大的人，喜欢收到感谢信。
?We
would
appreciate
you
letting
us
know
of
any
problems.
如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
?I'd
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
could
give
me
an
early
reply.
如果你能早点回复，我将非常感激。
?She
shows
little
appreciation
of
good
music.
她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。
?Please
accept
this
gift
in
appreciation
of
all
you've
done
for
us.
感谢你为我们所做的一切，请收下这件礼物。
?She
had
no
appreciation
of
the
difficulties
we
faced.
她没有体谅到我们所面临的困难。
?Thanks
so
much
for
your
help,
I
really
appreciate
it.
Your
teaching
method
helps
children
to
develop
the
ability
to
appreciate
poetry
and
literature.
Words
fail
to
express
my
appreciation
to
you.
非常感谢你的帮助，我不胜感激。你的教学方法帮助孩子们培养了鉴赏诗歌和文学作品的能力。语言无法表达我对你的感激之情。
名师点津：
①appreciate表“感激”时，后接事物或动作行为；thank后接人。
②appreciate表“感激，欣赏”时，后不直接跟宾语从句，需要先用it作形式宾语，再接从句。类似的动词还有like，dislike，hate等。
③可用deeply，highly，(very)
much等表示程度的副词(短语)修饰appreciate。
④appreciate后面不能接不定式。
⑤appreciate不用于进行时。它表示“感谢”时，常接“事”作宾语，与thank刚好相反，thank常构成“thank
sb.
for
sth.(因某事而感谢某人)”结构。试比较：
I
greatly
appreciate
your
help.我十分感谢你的帮助。
Thank
you
very
much
for
your
help.非常感谢你的帮助。
⑥vt.理解，意识到，领会
He
didn't
fully
appreciate
the
significance
of
signing
the
contract.
他没有完全理解签署这份合同的意义。
[即学即练]　选择下列句子中appreciate的含义/单句语法填空
①Just
like
me,
most
tourists
will
stop
here
to
appreciate
the
wonderful
view.(　　)
②You
can
also
bring
food
or
drinks
to
share
with
the
other
guests.
This
is
often
appreciated
since
at
a
housewarming
(乔迁聚会)
there
isn't
a
lot
of
food
served.(　　)
③Those
who
are
middle?aged
can
appreciate
the
importance
of
good
health.(　　)
A．to
be
grateful
for
sth.
that
sb.
has
done
B．to
understand
that
sth.
is
true
C．to
recognize
the
good
qualities
of
sb./sth.
④I'd
appreciate
________
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
the
expression
once
more
and
I
always
appreciate
you
________
(help)
me
with
my
English
in
the
past.
⑤I
appreciate
________
(give)
the
opportunity
to
work
in
your
company.
⑥In
this
letter,
I
would
like
to
convey
my
sincere
________(appreciate)
to
you
for
your
help.
4．hunger
(1)n.[U]饥饿，饥荒　(2)n.[sing.](对某事物的)渴求，渴望　vi.渴望
(教材P31)A
few
years
ago,
I
was
a
millionaire,
but
I
knew
millions
of
people
died
of
hunger
every
year,
and
there
were
places
with
no
schools
and
no
teachers.
几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。
a
hunger
for
sth.
对某事物的渴望
have
a
hunger
to
do...
渴望做……
hunger
for/after...
渴望得到/渴求……
?There
is
hunger
in
many
parts
of
the
world，even
in
rich
countries.
世界上很多地方，甚至在富有的国家里，都存在饥荒。
?Nothing
seemed
to
satisfy
their
hunger
for
truth.
似乎没有什么能满足他们对真理的渴求。
?He
looked
at
the
cake
and
you
could
see
he
was
really
hungering
for
it.
他看着蛋糕，你可以看出他非常渴望得到它。
归纳拓展：
(1)hungry
adj.饥饿的；渴望得到……的
(2)表示“渴望(做)某事”的其他说法还有：
long
for
sth.
be
keen
on
sth.
have
a
desire/an
urge
for
sth.
long/desire
to
do
sth.
be
eager/anxious/greedy/thirsty/desperate/dying
for
sth.
have
an
urge/a
desire
to
do
sth.
be
eager/anxious/desperate/dying/keen
to
do
sth.
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①Although
he
had
a
hunger
________
success,
lack
of
work
experience
led
to
his
failure.
②I
have
a
hunger
________(find)
a
job
in
the
city
so
that
I
can
support
myself.
③Our
food
is
running
out,
so
we
must
get
some
before
we
go
________(hunger)．
④Finally,
they
arrived
home,
________
(hunger)
and
tired.
⑤It
is
apparent
that
the
prisoners
there
are
hungry
________
equal
rights.
2．结合hunger的用法完成句子
⑥The
whole
world
________________(渴望和平)．
?第二版块：重点短语
1.give
away赠送；泄露(秘密)；输掉；暴露
(教材P31)He
made
the
choice
to
give
all
his
money
away.
他选择将他所有的钱捐出去。
give
in
屈服；让步；交(作业、考卷等)
give
off
发出(气味、光、热等)
give
out
用尽(不用于被动语态)；分发；宣布；公布(常用于被动语态)
?The
old
man
was
so
nice
that
he
decided
to
give
away
most
of
his
money
to
the
society.
这位老人如此善良以至于他决定把他的大部分钱都捐给社会。
?I
will
never
give
your
secrets
away
again.我绝不会再泄露你的秘密。
?Would
they
give
away
their
chance
to
win
the
game?
他们会失去赢得比赛的机会吗？
?I
pressed
my
parents
until
they
finally
gave
in
and
registered
me
for
skating
classes.
我不断劝说父母，直到他们最终让步，给我报了滑冰班。
?Please
give
your
work
in
before
Monday.请在周一之前把作业交上来。
?Fireflies
give
off
flashes
of
light
when
they
fly
at
night.
萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。
?After
a
month
their
food
supply
gave
out.一个月后，他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。
?The
teachers
gave
out
the
exam
papers.老师分发了试卷。
?The
results
of
the
exam
won't
be
given
out.这次考试的成绩将不会被公布。
give搭配拓展：
(1)give
sth.
over停止；抛弃(习惯)
如：give
over
crying别哭了
give
over
a
mode
of
life放弃某种生活方式
(2)give...over
to...把……托付给……
give
the
keys
over
to
sb.把钥匙托付给某人保管
(3)give
oneself
over
to...放任自己……，沉溺于……
He
gave
himself
over
to
drinking.他酗酒。
(4)give
up放弃；认输；献出；供出；泄漏
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Body
language
can
give
________
a
lot
about
your
mood,
so
standing
with
your
arms
folded
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
②What
shall
we
use
for
power
when
all
the
oil
in
the
world
has
given
________？
③The
stove
gives
________
a
lot
of
heat.
④We
must
go
home
now.
Our
money
has
given
________.
⑤Finally
I
gave
________
and
accepted
the
job
on
their
terms.
⑥We
gave
________
two
goals
in
the
first
half.
2.get
on取得成功；出人头地；进展；相处
(教材P31)They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learn
and
get
on
in
life.
他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。
get
along/on
(with...)
(与……)相处融洽；进展
get
about/around
四处走动；流传
get
across
(使)被理解
get
away
from
摆脱(困难或不愉快的事，或某种限制)
get
down
to
(doing)
sth.
开始(做)某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get
over
解决；克服；从(疾病或不愉快的经历中)恢复
get
through
顺利通过(考试)；(用电话)联系上；完成(工作)；(使某人)熬过(困难时期)
?Lily's
getting
on
very
well
in
English.
She
learns
very
quickly.
莉莉的英语很有起色，她学得非常快。
?They
seem
to
get
along
with
each
other.他俩好像相处得不错。
?You'll
find
this
map
of
great
value
in
helping
you
to
get
around
in
London.
你会发现这张地图对帮助你在伦敦四处走走很有价值。
?I
have
created
a
new
way
to
get
my
message
across.
我想了个新方法让大家理解我想表达的意思。
?She
wanted
to
get
away
from
the
traditional
ideas
of
what
theatre
is
about.
她想摆脱关于戏剧是什么的一些传统观念。
?It's
time
I
got
down
to
thinking
about
that
essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
?You
will
get
over
the
illness
more
quickly
if
you
relax.
如果你放松一下，你会更快战胜这个疾病的。
?It
took
him
years
to
get
over
the
shock
of
his
wife's
death.
他妻子去世后数年他才从打击中恢复过来。
?I
tried
to
call
her
but
couldn't
get
through.我试图给她打电话，但就是打不通。
I
don't
know
how
we're
going
to
get
through
the
winter.
我不知道我们如何熬过这个冬天。
知识拓展：
(1)have
a
chance
to
do
sth.有机会做某事
＝have
a
chance
of
doing
sth.
＝have
a
chance
for
sth.
＝have
an
opportunity
to
do
sth.
＝have
an
opportunity
of
doing
sth.
＝have
an
opportunity
for
(doing)
sth.
(2)take
a
chance冒险；碰运气
I'll
take
a
chance
of
finding
him
at
home.我要去试试是否能在家里找到他。
take
an
opportunity利用机会
I
take
an
opportunity
of
thanking
you.我趁此机会向你表示感谢。
(3)There
is
an
opportunity/chance
that...有可能……
e．g.
He
has
a
chance
.
＝He
has
an
opportunity
.
＝There
is
a
chance/an
opportunity
that
he
will
succeed.
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①She
got
________
her
exams
without
too
much
trouble.
②We
walked
to
the
next
beach
to
get
away
________
the
crowds.
There
were
fewer
people
there.
③I
must
get
down
________
booking
the
hotels.
④We
tried
to
get
our
idea
________，
but
he
just
wouldn't
listen.
⑤这位老人极难相处。
The
old
man
was
extremely
difficult
to
__________________________________.
⑥是他们的爱帮助我熬过了前几个月的困难时期。
It
was
their
love
that
________________________________
those
first
difficult
months.
⑦我得了流感，很久才好起来。
It's
taken
me
ages
to
________________________________
the
flu.
3.drop
out不再参加，退出，脱离；退学，辍学
(教材P31)Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle,
and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free.
詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。
dropout
n.
[C]退学者，辍学者
a
high?school/college
dropout
中学辍学者/大学肄业生
?If
you
decide
to
do
something，never
drop
out
halfway.
你如果决定做某事，就不要半途而废。
?He
has
dropped
out
of
the
activities
held
by
this
club.
他已不再参加这个俱乐部举办的活动。
?When
I
was
twenty,
I
had
to
drop
out
and
work
in
a
café
to
help
support
my
family.
注意：drop
out是不及物短语动词，常单独使用，如后接宾语，则需加介词of。
二十岁时，我不得不辍学，去一家咖啡馆工作来帮助养家。
?Sally
dropped
out
of
school
for
some
unknown
reason.不知何故，萨莉退学了。
知识拓展：
drop
one's
eyes垂下双眼
drop
one's
guard丧失警惕
drop
an
enemy
with
every
shot一枪打倒一个敌人
drop
one's
voice放低声音
drop
a
hint漏口风
drop
sb.
a
line给某人写封信
drop
a
letter漏掉一个字母
let
the
matter
drop别再提这件事
drop
a
brick〈口〉失言，做错事
drop
around串门
drop
away(数量等)减少(价值等)降低
drop
off睡着；(价值等)降低；(数量等)减少；掉下去，落下去
drop
out退出；隐居
drop
over〈口〉顺便访问
[即学即练]
1．判断下列句子中drop
out的含义
①John,
the
eldest
of
the
eight
children,
had
to
drop
out
at
the
age
of
16
to
help
his
father.____________
②Not
being
content
with
the
judge,
three
players
dropped
out
of
the
match.____________
2．完成句子
③He
had
injured
his
leg
and
had
to
____________
(退出)
the
race.
④Teenagers
who
____________
high
school
(辍学)
have
trouble
in
finding
jobs.
⑤As
he
picked
up
the
purse,
the
money
____________
(掉落出来)．
⑥The
word
has
virtually
____________
(脱离)
of
language
today.
4.be/feel
guilty
about...与be
guilty
of...
(教材P31)This
worried
me
a
lot
and
I
felt
very
guilty
being
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything.
这让我非常担心，作为一位什么也不干的富人，我感到非常内疚。
(1)guilty
adj.
感到惭愧的，感到内疚的
be/feel
guilty
about...
对……感到内疚
(2)be
guilty
of...
犯有……罪
?I
saw
my
sister
coming
out
of
the
room
with
a
guilty
look
on
her
face.
我看见妹妹脸上带着内疚的神情从房间出来。
?I
feel
really
guilty
about
not
having
written
to
you
for
so
long.
这么长时间没给你写信，我感到十分内疚。
?When
faced
with
the
hard
evidence
he
had
to
admit
that
he
was
guilty.
在确凿的证据面前他只得承认他有罪。
?According
to
the
record,
he
was
guilty
of
computer
crimes
in
the
past.
根据记录，他过去有过计算机犯罪。
词语联想：
guilt
n．内疚；负罪感
guiltless
adj.清白的，无辜的
guilt?ridden
adj.充满负罪感的
a
guilt?ridden
heart一颗负疚的心
guilty
adj.内疚的，有罪的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Having
considered
all
the
solid
evidence,
the
court
found
him
not
________(guilt)．
②I
still
feel
guilty
________
things
I
said
to
my
mother
when
I
was
a
teenager.
③While
there
was
no
obvious
evidence,
most
people
thought
the
man
was
guilty
________
stealing
some
jewelry
from
the
shop.
④我和我的孩子们在一起的时间太少，对此我感到内疚。
I
________________________________
so
little
time
with
my
children.
?第三版块：典型句式
1.way后接定语的用法
(教材P30)They
spend
half
of
their
time
dreaming
up
ways
of
getting
rich
and
achieving
the
success
they
expect,
and
the
rest
of
their
time
thinking
about
all
the
things
they
will
do
once
they
become
rich.他们花一半时间想象各种致富和实现他们期望的成功的方法，其余的时间则用来思考一旦变得富有他们将要做的事情。
way意为“方式；方法”时，其后常接三种形式的定语：
定语
形式
含义
不定式
a/the
way
to
do
sth.
去做某事的方式、方法
动名词
a/the
way
of
doing
sth.
做某事的方式、方法
定语从句
the
way
(that/in
which)
……的方式、方法
?As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
there
is
only
one
possible
way
to
keep/of
keeping
away
from
the
danger.在我看来，只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。
?I
don't
like
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
speaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。
英语表达“方式、方法”的词语及常见搭配
(1)way方法；方式
常见搭配：
one's
way
of
doing
sth.某人做某事的方法
one's
way
of
life.某人的生活方式
(2)method方法；办法
with
this
method用这种方法
(3)measure方法措施
take
a
measure采取措施
(4)means方法；手段(单复数同)
By
this
means
can
they
achieve
their
goal.用这种手段他们能够实现目标。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作
①Since
then
finding
ways
________
(grow)
more
peanuts
has
been
his
life
goal.
②There
are
usually
at
least
two
ways
of
________
(look)
at
every
question.
③What
surprised
me
was
not
what
he
said
but
the
way
________
he
said
it.
④政府正在努力寻找提高食品安全的方法。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤冷冻不失为一种保存食物的好方法。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥科技极大地改变了我们的生活方式。
________________________________________________________________________
2.that引导同位语从句
(教材P30)There
are
certainly
no
signs
that
Jason
is
a
rich
and
successful
man!
的确没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！
同位语从句一般位于news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词所表示的具体内容。that引导的同位语从句中，that不作成分，无实际意义，一般不省略。
特别注意　that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
①定语从句中的that既指代先行词，又同时在从句中作某个成分；而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
②定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
?The
news
that
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
will
go
abroad
next
year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(news后的that引导定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)
?The
news
that
Tom
will
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他说的。(news后的that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)
名师提醒：
有些表示“建议(suggestion;
proposal;
advice)，命令(order)，要求(demand;
requirement)，重要(importance)，必要(necessity)”等名词的同位语从句的谓语要用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。如：
(1)English
teachers
give
advice
that
we
(should)
make
good
use
of
every
chance
to
speak
English.英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。
(2)The
requirement
that
students
(should)
learn
to
protect
themselves
is
successfully
carried
out
in
most
schools.学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Information
has
been
put
forward
________
more
middle
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
②It
is
said
that
more
middle
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
This
is
the
information
________
has
been
put
forward.
③I
want
my
children
to
be
able
to
seize
every
opportunity
________
they
get.
④The
news
________
she
had
resigned
took
everyone
by
surprise.
3.并列连词while连接的并列分句
(教材P31)He
was
tired
of
being
regarded
as
living
a
successful
life,
as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing.
他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活，被认为拥有一切而很多人一无所有。
be
tired
of厌倦……；讨厌……
He
is
tired
of
learning
English.
他厌倦了学英语。
(1)while作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示转折、对比，意为“而；然而”。
(2)
while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；在……期间”，此时从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
(3)
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。
(4)
while作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”。
?Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
在过去25年中，玉米的产量猛增了将近125%，而水稻的产量只增加了7%。
?Susan
talked
to
us
while
she
was
playing
computer
games.
苏珊一边同我们说话，一边玩电脑游戏。
?While
he
has
shortcomings,
I
still
like
him.
尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。
?He
stayed
in
my
office
for
a
short
while
and
then
left.
他在我办公室待了一小会儿然后就走了。
[即学即练]　翻译句子(体会while的含义)
①Father
was
cleaning
the
car
while
I
was
doing
my
homework.
________________________________________________________________________
②While
he
was
very
tired,
the
teacher
left
the
dormitory
only
when
all
his
students
were
asleep.
________________________________________________________________________
③I
like
swimming,
while
my
sister
likes
singing.
________________________________________________________________________
4.what引导的名词性从句/动词不定式短语作表语
(教材P31)What
I
want
is
to
live
simply
and
be
helpful
to
others.
我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。
(1)此句中What
I
want为What引导的主语从句，What在从句中作宾语；
(2)动词不定式to
live
simply
and
be
helpful
to
others在句中作表语。
(1)what引导名词性从句
①当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
?What
he
said
at
the
meeting
astonished
everybody
present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(What引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
?A
survey
shows
people
are
confused
about
what
they
should
eat
to
stay
healthy.
一项调查显示，人们对应该吃什么来保持健康感到困惑。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
?Life
is
what
happens
to
you
while
you're
busy
making
other
plans.
生活就是你在忙于制订其他计划时发生的事情。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作主语)
?I
have
no
idea
what
we
should
do
next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
(2)动词不定式短语作表语
动词不定式作表语一般表示目的或主语的性质等，时间上有将来含义。
?What
I
would
suggest
is
to
start
work
at
once.我的建议是立刻开始工作。
?His
wish
is
to
buy
a
luxurious
car
in
the
near
future.
他的愿望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
不定式作表语时，若主语为all或为what引导的从句，且从句中出现了do的某种形式时，不定式的to可省略。
What
he
wanted
to
do
was
(to)
become
a
skilful
worker.
他想做的是成为一名技巧熟练的工人。
如果主语从句中没有出现实意动词do的某种形式，不定式符号to则不可省略。如：
What
I
want
to
tell
him
is
to
send
the
patient
to
hospital
at
once.我想告诉他的是立即送病人去医院。(主语部分无实意动词do)
What
he
asked
us
is
whether
to
go
to
Hainan
island
for
sightseeing.他问我们是否去海南观光。
[即学即练]　
1．判断下列句子中what引导的从句类型
①This
is
what
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.____________
②Studying
history
can
give
us
insight
(洞察力)
into
why
our
culture
does
certain
things,
and
how
the
past
has
shaped
it
into
what
we
know
now.____________
③What
is
known
to
us
is
that
tobacco
contains
nicotine
(尼古丁)
and
other
harmful
substance,
so
you
should
give
up
smoking.____________
④Do
you
have
any
idea
what
is
actually
going
on
in
the
classroom？____________
2．单句写作
⑤我的梦想是有一天去看长城。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥她今天下午的工作就是照看这个婴儿。
________________________________________________________________________
⑦我今天必须要做的事情是完成这项任务。
________________________________________________________________________
[词语积累]
①symbol/'s?mbl/
n．[C]象征；符号
【词链】symbol(n.)→symbolize(vt.象征)→symbolic(adj.象征性的)→symbolically(adv.象征性地)
②set...as...把……设置为
③ultimate/'?lt?m?t/
adj.最终的，终极的，最后的
ultimate
goal最终目标
④dream
up凭空想出，虚构出
He
would
never
dream
up
a
crazy
plan
like
that
on
his
own.他绝不可能独自凭空想出那么个疯狂的计划。
⑤the
sense
of
success成功感
the
sense
of
achievement成就感
⑥wealthy/'welθi/
adj.富裕的，富有的
wealth
/welθ/n.[U]财富；富有；[sing.]大量
⑦turn
one's
back
on抛弃，背弃
Don't
turn
your
back
on
purchases
from
second?hand
stores.不要小看从旧货店买来的东西。
⑧professor/pr?'fes?(r)/
n．[C]教授
⑨fortune/'f??t?u?n/
n．[C]大笔的钱，巨款；(个人的)命运；[U]机会，运气
make
a/one's
fortune发财
have
the
good/bad
fortune
to
do...有幸/不幸做……
seek
one's
fortune寻找成功致富之路
dormitory
/'d??m?tri/
n．[C]集体宿舍，学生宿舍
?second?hand
furniture二手家具
second?hand
adj.旧的，二手的，用过的
furniture/'f??n?t??(r)/
n．[U]家具
a
piece
of
furniture一件家具
【拓展】furnish/'f??n??/
vt.布置家具；供应，提供
?charity
/'t??r?ti/
n．[C]慈善机构；[U]慈善
charity
shop
n．慈善商店(通过出售捐赠的衣物等募集慈善资金)
?appreciate
/?'pri??ie?t/
vt.欣赏，赏识；感激
appreciation/??pri??i'e??n/
n．[U]欣赏；感激
?be
tired
of...对……感到厌倦
?be
regarded
as...被认为是……
?give
away赠送
?hunger/'h??g?(r)/
n．[U]饥饿，饥荒
?guilty
/'g?lti/
adj.内疚的；犯罪的
guilt
/g?lt/
n．[U]内疚；有罪
?bank
note纸币，钞票(＝note)
?comfortably
/'k?mft?bli/
adv.舒服地，舒适地，安逸地
【词链】comfort(vt.安慰)→comfortable(adj.使人舒服的)→comfortably(adv.)
earn
vt.
&
vi.挣得，赚得；vt.赢得
earn
money＝make
money
drop
out退出，脱离；退学
measure/'me??/
vt.衡量；测量
n．[sing.]尺度，标准；[C]措施，方法
Angela
Johnson
interviews
ex?millionaire
Jason
Harley
For
a
lot
of
people，becoming
a
millionaire
【1】is
a
symbol①
of
success
and
they
set
this
as②
their
ultimate③
goal.
They
spend
half
of
their
time
dreaming
up④
ways
of
getting
rich
and
achieving
the
success
they
expect，and
the
rest
of
their
time
thinking
about
all
the
things
they
will
do
once
they
become
rich
【2】.
But
do
all
millionaires
get
the
sense
of
success⑤
they
were
looking
for
after
they
achieve
their
goals?
Some
continue
to
worry
about
money
when
they
become
millionaires—they
worked
hard
to
become
wealthy⑥，but
then
they
need
to
continue
making
money
so
they
don't
lose
the
sense
of
success
they
have
achieved.
However,
there
are
people
who
have
turned
their
backs
on⑦
their
millions
and
found
other
forms
of
success
in
their
lives.
Jason
Harley
is
one
example.
【1】becoming
a
millionaire是v.?ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
【2】half
of
their
time和the
rest
of
their
time作spend的并列宾语；dreaming
up...expect作第一个time后省略的in的宾语。thinking
about...rich作第二个time后省略的in的宾语。they
expect和they
will
do都为省略关系词的定语从句，分别修饰先行词success和things。once
they
become
rich为once引导的条件状语从句，once在此作连词用，意为“一旦……”。
Sixteen
years
ago,
Jason
was
a
college
professor⑧
with
a
huge
six?bedroom
house
and
a
fortune⑨
of
two
million
dollars.
Today
he
lives
in
a
small
dormitory⑩
room
with
only
second?hand
furniture?.
There
are
certainly
no
signs
that
Jason
is
a
rich
and
successful
man
【3】！
There
is
a
small
garden
outside
with
a
few
fruit
trees,
which
Jason
enjoys
taking
care
of
【4】.
He
also
grows
some
vegetables
and
a
few
flowers.
He
gets
his
clothes
and
a
lot
of
other
things
from
charity?
shops.
【3】that
Jason
is
a
rich
and
successful
man为that引导的同位语从句，作signs的同位语。
【4】which
Jason
enjoys
taking
care
of是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruit
trees，which在从句中作taking
care
of的宾语。
But
Jason
appreciates?
this
change.
He
is
pleased
to
give
up
the
lifestyle
of
a
rich
man.
He
was
tired
of?
being
regarded
as?
living
a
successful
life,
as
a
person
who
had
everything
while
many
people
had
nothing
【5】.
He
made
the
choice
to
give
all
his
money
away?
【6】.
And
this,
he
said,
brought
him
happiness
and
a
sense
of
success
in
life.
【5】as与前面的regarded连用，意为“作为”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person；while在此意为“而，然而”。
【6】to
give
all
his
money
away修饰前面的名词choice，作后置定语。
“I
don't
need
a
lot
of
money.
I
don't
want
to
buy
more
things.
I
have
enough，”
said
Jason.
“What
I
want
is
to
live
simply
and
be
helpful
to
others
【7】.
A
few
years
ago,
I
was
a
millionaire,
but
I
knew
millions
of
people
died
of
hunger?
every
year,
and
there
were
places
with
no
schools
and
no
teachers.
So
many
people
could
never
go
to
school.
They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learn
and
get
on
in
life.
This
worried
me
a
lot
and
I
felt
very
guilty?
being
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything.”
【7】What
I
want是What引导的主语从句：to
live
simply
and
be
helpful
to
others是并列的不定式短语作表语。be
helpful前省略to。
Therefore
he
gave
away
all
his
money
to
charities.
Whenever
he
had
more
than
two
thousand
dollars
【8】，
he
would
give
away
small
bank
notes?
to
homeless
people
in
the
streets
of
local
areas.
“It
was
a
kind
of
satisfaction
and
a
real
sense
of
success
that
I
had
never
felt
before
【9】，”
said
Jason.
“Sure,
many
people
think
that
‘success’
means
having
millions
in
the
bank
or
a
well?paid
job.
But
I
think
my
sense
of
achievement
comes
from
helping
others
and
finding
true
meaning
in
life.”
【8】Whenever在此意为“每当”，引导时间状语从句。
【9】that在此引导定语从句，修饰前面两个并列的先行词。that在从句中作表语。
Most
people
believe
when
they
are
living
comfortably?
and
earning
enough
money,
they
will
have
no
worries.
However,
most
people
never
feel
they
have
earned
enough.
Jason
Harley
decided
to
drop
out
of
this
kind
of
lifestyle,
and
he
discovered
that
having
only
a
little
money
made
him
free
【10】.
Are
there
any
things
he
misses
from
his
past?
“No,
I'm
much
happier
now,
because
I
am
living
according
to
my
values.
Success
is
not
measured
by
how
much
money
you
have
but
by
how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life
【11】．”
【10】that在此引导宾语从句；其中having
only
a
little
money是v.?ing短语作主语。
【11】该句是“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”，两个介词by后接各自的宾语从句。“not...but...”连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利
对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并且他们将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们都会干什么。但是，所有的百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？有些人成为百万富翁后继续担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但接下来他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套带有6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财富。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。毫无疑问，没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！房子外面有一个小花园，种了几棵果树，詹森喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。
但是詹森喜欢这种变化。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活——在很多人一无所有的时候自己却拥有一切。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。
“我不需要很多钱，也不想买更多的东西。我拥有的够多了，”詹森说。“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。因此很多人永远不能上学，他们没有学习和出人头地的机会。这让我非常担心，作为一位什么也不干的富人，我感到非常内疚。”因此，他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过2
000美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足和真正的成功感，”詹森说。“当然，很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。”
大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时，他们就可以高枕无忧了。但是，大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。和过去相比，他错过了什么吗？“不，现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。”
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．Whether
he
is
innocent
or
g________
is
a
decision
that
will
be
made
when
the
case
is
heard
in
the
court.
2．During
college
days,
d________
are
the
important
places
where
college
students
live
and
study.
3．Orange
trees
are
more
than
decoration;
they
are
a
s________
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.
4．The
problem
of
world
h________
is
a
hard
nut
to
crack.
I'm
afraid
that
scientists
need
to
put
in
more
efforts
to
raise
the
output
of
the
crops.
5．China
welcomed
and
a________
(欣赏)
the
leading
role
and
great
efforts
of
the
UN
in
addressing
climate
change.
6．The
________
(终极的)
goal
of
the
show
is
to
help
spread
China's
cooking
culture
to
overseas
people.
7．After
painted
and
furnished
with
________
(家具),
the
house
will
be
used
as
a
nursery.
8．In
an
online
class,
developing
healthy
patterns
of
communication
with
________(教授)is
very
important.
9．Sitting
down
________(舒适地),
the
two
men
killed
time
by
chatting,
taking
a
sip
of
tea
now
and
then.
10．—The
man
in
rags
who
was
not
allowed
to
enter
the
restaurant
turned
out
to
be
a
________
(百万富翁)．
—So
we
cannot
judge
a
person
by
his
or
her
appearance.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We've
all
faced
the
disappointment
and
________
(guilty)
that
come
from
setting
a
goal
and
giving
up
it
after
a
couple
of
weeks.
2．The
________
(hunger)
bear
followed
his
nose
to
our
camp,
which
was
surrounded
by
a
high
wire
fence.
3．Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
that
is
provided
by
Mom
with
________
(appreciate)．
4．One
of
the
runners
has
dropped
________
in
the
middle
of
the
race.
5．It
also
gives
people
a
chance
to
see
________
the
new
home
looks
like.
6．He
pretended
not
to
care
but
that
remark
gave
________
his
real
opinion
on
the
matter.
7．Information
has
been
put
forward
________
more
high
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
8．We
greatly
appreciate
you
________(give)
us
a
hand
when
we're
faced
with
troubles.
9．I
will
appreciate
________
if
you
can
give
me
your
advice.
10．Almost
in
the
whole
world,
the
dove
is
considered
as
the
symbol
________
peace.
11．It's
not
doing
the
things
we
like,
but
liking
the
things
we
have
to
do
that
________(make)
life
happy.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．When
I
was
much
younger,
I
____________(渴望)
traveling
and
exploring
mysterious
things.(hunger)
2．The
famous
marathon
runner
has
threatened
____________
(退出)that
race
because
of
pollution.(drop)
3．____________________
(一位科学家将要来颁奖的消息)
pleases
us
very
much.(同位语从句；give)
4．A
third
of
mothers
________________________(感到内疚)going
out
to
work
and
leaving
the
children
alone.
Ⅳ.句式仿写：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】For
a
lot
of
people,
becoming
a
millionaire
is
a
symbol
of
success...
【仿句】通宵工作使他又累又饿。
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】What
I
want
is
to
live
simply
and
be
helpful
to
others.
【仿句】我们所需要的是更多的时间。
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】They
didn't
have
the
chance
to
learn
and
get
on
in
life.
【仿句】去年我有机会环游欧洲。
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】“...many
people
think
that
‘success’
means
having
millions
in
the
bank
or
a
well?paid
job...”
【仿句】在伦敦的一些地方，错过一班公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】Success
is
not
measured
by
how
much
money
you
have
but
by
how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life.
【仿句】我不想喝杯茶，而是想喝杯咖啡。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Sixteen
years
ago,
Jason
was
a
college
professor
with
a
huge
six?bedroom
house
and
1.________
fortune
of
two
million
dollars.
A
few
years
ago,
he
2.________
(know)
millions
of
people
died
3.________
hunger
every
year,
and
there
were
places
with
no
schools
and
no
teachers.
And
they
didn't
have
the
chance
4.________
(learn)
and
get
on
in
life.
This
worried
him
a
lot
and
he
felt
guilty
5.________
(be)
a
rich
man
without
doing
anything.
Therefore,
he
gave
away
all
his
money
to
charities.
Whenever
he
had
more
than
two
thousand
dollars,
he
would
give
away
small
bank
6.________
(note)
to
homeless
people
in
the
streets
of
local
areas.
Now,
he
lives
in
a
small
dormitory
room
with
only
second?hand
furniture.
He
also
7.________
(grow)
some
vegetablesand
a
few
flowers.
He
gets
his
clothes
and
a
lot
of
other
things
from
charity
shops.
“I'm
much
8.________
(happy)，because
I
am
living
according
to
my
values.
Success
is
not
9.________
(measure)
by
how
much
money
you
have
10.________by
how
you
understand
the
true
meaning
of
life，”
said
Jason.
Part
Ⅱ　Lesson
1　Money
vs
Success
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．guilty　2.hunger　3.appreciate　4.furniture
5．dormitory＝dorm　6.ultimate　7.symbol　8.professor
Ⅱ.
1．guilty　2.hunger　3.furniture　4.appreciate
5．dormitories　6.ultimate　7.symbol　8.professor
Ⅲ.
1．drop
out　2.get
on　3.die
of　4.millions
of　5.give
away　6.be
regarded
as　7.be
tired
of　8.give
up　9.take
care
of　10.turn
one's
back
on　11.make/earn
money　12.worry
about　13.dream
up　14.a
symbol
of
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①for　②of　③signal　④sign　⑤symbols　⑥mark
2．①fortunate　句意为：在中国文化中，红色是幸运的颜色。
②fortunately　句意为：昨天发生了火灾，但幸运的是没有人受伤。
③Unfortunately　句意为：不幸的是，他父亲去世了，这使得他的家庭状况更加糟糕。
④a　句意为：她通过合理的投资挣了一大笔钱。fortune意为“大笔的钱”时，为可数名词，此处表泛指，且big的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a修饰。
3．①C　②A　③B　④it;
helping　⑤being
given　⑥appreciation
4．①for　句意：虽然他渴望成功，但缺乏工作经验导致了他的失败。
②to
find　句意：我渴望在这个城市找到一份工作，这样我就能养活自己。
③hungry　句意：我们的食物快要吃完了，所以在挨饿之前我们必须找到一些(吃的)。
④hungry　⑤for　⑥hungers
for
peace或has
a
hunger
for
peace
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①away　句意为：肢体语言能够暴露很多关于你情绪的信息，因此，当你交叉胳膊站立时发出的信号就是：此刻我是戒备状态。
②out　句意为：当地球上所有的石油都用光的时候，我们该用什么产能呢？give
out在该句中意为“用光；耗尽”，为不及物动词词组。
③off　句意为：炉子散发出很多热气。give
off在该句中意为“发出”。
④out　句意为：现在我们必须回家了。我们的钱都用光了。
⑤in　句意为：最后我作出了让步，按照他们的条件接受了这份工作。give
in在该句中意为“让步”。
⑥away句意为：上半场我们输掉了两个球。in
the
first
half在该句中意为“(球类运动的)上半场”，give
away意为“输掉”。
2．①through　句意为：她没有费太大的功夫就通过了考试。
②from　句意为：为了避开人群，我们走到了下一片海滩。那儿的人少一些。
③to　句意为：我得开始预订旅馆了。这里的to为介词。
④across　句意为：我们努力解释清楚我们的观点，但他就是不听。
⑤get
along/on
with　⑥got
me
through　⑦get
over
3．①退学，辍学　句意：约翰是8个孩子中最大的，他16岁时不得不辍学去帮助他的父亲。
②退出　句意：由于对裁判不满，三位选手退出了这场比赛。
③drop
out
of　④drop
out
of　⑤dropped
out　⑥dropped
out
4．①guilty　②about　③of　④feel
guilty
about
spending
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①to
grow　此处表示“找到种植更多花生的方法”，所以应用不定式作定语。
②looking　of为介词，后面应用动词?ing形式作定语，表示“……的方法”。
③that　句意为：使我惊讶的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。that引导定语从句，限定修饰先行词the
way,
that可省略。
④The
government
is
trying
to
find
a
way
to
improve
food
safety.
解析：此处表示“寻找……的方法”，应用不定式作后置定语。
⑤Freezing
isn't
a
bad
way
of
preserving
food.
解析：a/the
way
of
doing
sth.意为“做某事的方法”，为固定搭配。
⑥Science
and
technology
have
made
major
changes
to
the
way
(that/in
which)
we
live.
解析：(that/in
which)
we
live为定语从句，限定修饰先行词the
way，其中that或in
which可以省略。
2．①that　设空后的内容是对Information的补充说明，且设空处不在从句中作任何成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
②that/which　设空后的内容为information的修饰性定语，设空处在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句，且先行词information指物，故可填that或which。
③that/which　分析句子成分可知，________
they
get为定语从句，修饰opportunity，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故用that或which引导。
④that　设空后的she
had
resigned解释说明news，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，所以设空处引导同位语从句。
3．①我做作业的时候，爸爸在擦汽车。
②尽管很累，老师还是在所有学生都睡着后才离开宿舍。
③我喜欢游泳，而我妹妹喜欢唱歌。
4．①表语从句　②宾语从句　③主语从句　④同位语从句
⑤My
dream
is
to
see
the
Great
Wall
one
day.
⑥Her
job
this
afternoon
is
to
look
after
the
baby.
⑦What
I
have
to
do
today
is
(to)
finish
the
assignment.
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．guilty　2.dormitories　3.symbol　4.hunger
5．appreciated　6.ultimate　7.furniture　8.professors
9．comfortably　10.millionaire
Ⅱ.
1．guilt　2.hungry　3.appreciation　4.out　5.what
6．away　7.that　8.giving　9.it　10.of　11.makes
Ⅲ.
1．had
a
hunger
for/hungered
for　2.to
drop
out
of　3.The
news
that
a
scientist
will
give
away
prizes　4.feel
guilty
about
Ⅳ.
1．Working
the
whole
night
made
him
tired
and
hungry.
2．What
we
need
is
more
time.
3．Last
year
I
had
the
chance
to
travel
around
Europe.
4．In
some
parts
of
London,
missing
a
bus
means
waiting
for
another
hour.
5．I
wouldn't
like
to
have
a
cup
of
tea,
but
a
cup
of
coffee.
Ⅴ.
1．a　2.knew　3.of　4.to
learn　5.being　6.notes
7．grows　8.happier　9.measured　10.butUnit
2
Success
Part
Ⅲ　Lesson
2　Top
Five
Secrets
of
Success
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我之正确的人生态度
课时词汇
influential,
devote,
reject,
limit,
convince,
contract
常用短语
take
sb.
for
example,
devote...to,
contribute
to,
start
up
重点句式
(1)not
only...but
(also)．..
(2)祈使句＋and＋陈述句
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
vt.
使确信；使信服
2．________________
vt.
&
n.
限制，限定
3．________________
n.
合同；契约
4．________________
vt.
拒绝接受
5．________________
n.
出版商
6．________________
n.
冠军称号，冠军地位
7．________________
n.
生产；产量
8．________________
vt.
把……奉献给；专心致力于
9．________________
adj.
有影响力的
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．You'll
need
________
(使确信)
them
of
your
enthusiasm
for
the
job.
2．The
government
has
taken
measures
________
(限制)
carbon
dioxide
emissions
from
cars.
3．Under
the
terms
of
the
________(合同)
the
job
should
have
been
finished
yesterday.
4．They've
held
the
________
(冠军地位)
for
the
past
two
years.
5．If
you
r________
something
such
as
a
proposal,
a
request,
or
an
offer,
you
do
not
accept
it
or
you
do
not
agree
to
it.
6．P________
of
the
new
aircraft
will
start
next
year.
7．After
he
graduated
he
continued
to
d________
himself
to
research.
8．Chaplin
was
not
just
a
genius;
he
was
among
the
most
i_______
figures
in
film
history.
Ⅲ.阅读课本内容，翻译相关短语
1．检验，检查
________________
2．集中精力于
________________
3．看一眼……
________________
4．记下，写下
________________
5．为……做准备
________________
6．在……岁时
________________
7．开始，发动
________________
8．有助于
________________
9．致力于
________________
10．以……为例
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.influential
adj.有影响力的
(教材P107)Take
Yuan
Longping,
the
father
of
hybrid
rice,
one
of
the
most
influential
scientists
in
agriculture,
for
example.
以杂交水稻之父袁隆平为例，他是农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一。
influence
vt.
影响；对……起作用；左右
n.
影响(力)；作用
influence
sb.
to
do
sth.
影响某人做某事
have
an
influence
on/upon...
对……有影响
under
the
influence
of...
在……的影响下
have
influence
over
sb./sth.
支配某人/某物；控制某人/某物；对某人/某物有影响力
establish
an
influence
among
people
在人们中树立威信
?The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
influential
when
we're
making
decisions.
这些测试表明，社会环境对我们做决定有极大的影响。
?We
became
the
best
friends
and
he
influenced
me
deeply.
我们成了最好的朋友，并且他深深地影响了我。
?His
father's
instruction
had
an
influence
on
his
behaviour.
他父亲的教导对他的行为产生了影响。
易混比较：
affect与influence，effect的区别
①affect与influence(动词)同义。但affect着重指一时的“影响”，influence则往往意味着较长时间的潜移默化的“影响”。
试比较：
The
crop
was
severely
affected
by
the
heavy
rain.庄稼受到这场大雨的严重影响。
The
body
influences
the
mind
and
the
mind
(influences)
the
body.体格影响心情，反之亦然。
②affect与effect(名词)同义。如以下两句意义完全相同：
His
words
will
not
affect
her.
His
words
will
have
no
effect
on
her.他的话对她毫无影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
was
________
(influence)
in
making
economic
policy.
②If
any
________
(influence)
people
have
underestimated
(低估)
your
talents,
they
will
be
sorry.
③My
father
is
my
role
model,
whose
________
(influential)
on
me
had
much
to
do
with
my
present
career.
④What
is
exactly
the
influence
of
television
________
children?
2.devote
vt.献身，致力；把……用于
(教材P107)For
more
than
50
years,
he
has
devoted
his
life
to
rice
production...
五十多年来，他一直致力于水稻生产……
devotion
n.
[U，sing.]关爱；奉献，专心
devoted
adj.
挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
be
devoted
to
(doing)
sth.
致力于(做)某事
be
devoted
to
sb.
深爱某人/对某人忠诚
devote
one's
life/oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
献身于/致力于(做)某事
devote
one's
time/energy/attention/...to
(doing)
sth.
把某人的时间/精力/注意力/……用到(做)某事上
?She
devoted
all
her
life
to
medical
work
for
Chinese
women
and
children.
她把一生都奉献给了中国妇女和儿童的医疗工作。
?Volunteers
came
with
carloads
of
donated
clothing
and
toys.
Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
others
rebuild.志愿者们带来了一车车捐赠的衣服和玩具。邻居们用他们的空闲时间来帮助别人重建(家园)。
?I
have
been
devoted
to
my
career
for
many
years.多年来，我一心扑在我的事业上。
?They
are
devoted
to
their
children.他们深爱着自己的孩子。
佳句记忆：
①Mrs
White,
a
devoted
friend
of
mine,
devoted
all
her
energies
to
teaching.
Her
devotion
to
children
made
us
vote
for
her;
finally,
she
was
promoted
to
headmistress.
怀特夫人是我的一位忠诚的朋友，她把全部精力都投入到教学中去了。她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她；最终，她被提升为校长。
②She
devoted
her
life
to
helping
homeless
children.她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子们。
③After
that
he
devoted
his
entire
energy
to
the
pursuit
of
these
studies.之后他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。
④We
are
devoting
ourselves
to
the
modernization
of
China.我们正致力于中国现代化。
⑤That
museum
devotes
two
exhibition
rooms
for
modern
art.那个博物馆将两个陈列室专用于现代艺术的展览。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Part
of
his
spare
time
is
devoted
to
________
(play)
the
violin
every
day.
②The
teacher's
selfless
________(devote)
to
the
cause
of
education
is
well
known,
and
all
her
students
respect
and
love
her.
③Professor
Zhong
Nanshan
devoted
himself
entirely
________
the
battle
against
the
COVID?19.
④________
(devote)
myself
to
learning
English
for
years,
I
think
I'm
equal
to
the
job
because
I
am
capable
of
communicating
with
foreigners
in
English
fluently.
⑤You
will
never
gain
success
unless
you
are
fully
________(devote)
to
your
work.
3.reject
vt.拒绝接受
(教材P107)Luckily
for
Harry
Potter
fans,
the
author
J.
K.
Rowling
didn't
listen
to
the
negative
comments
from
the
twelve
publishers
who
rejected
her
books.
对《哈利·波特》的粉丝们来说幸运的是，作者J.K.罗琳并没有理会12家出版商对她作品的负面评价。
reject与refuse的用法区别
(1)reject
vt.
属于正式用词，强调摈弃、不采用或不使用，通常只用作及物动词。
(2)rejection
n.
[C，U]拒绝接受
(3)refuse
vi.
拒绝；回绝
vt.
拒绝给(所需之物)
vi.
&
vt.
不接受，拒绝(别人给的东西)(＝turn
down)
(4)refuse
to
do
sth.
拒绝做某事
refuse
sb.
sth.
拒绝给某人某物，属于普通用词，表示“拒绝”，强调态度的肯定和坚决；既是及物动词也是不及物动词，可以与不定式连用。
?Sarah
rejected
her
brother's
offer
of
help.萨拉拒绝了她弟弟的帮助。
?His
proposal
was
rejected
completely.他的建议被彻底否决了。
?I
was
made
aware
of
a
situation
so
devastating
that,
at
first,
I
refused
to
believe
it.
我得知了一个震惊的消息，起初我不相信。
易混词语比较：
refuse,
decline,
reject
(1)refuse一般指直接地拒绝，语气上不那么委婉
如：He
flatly
refused
to
go
with
me
after
our
quarrel.在我们争吵后，他断然拒绝跟我一道走。
(2)decline语气婉转，相当于汉语中“谢绝”
He
declined
my
invitation
because
of
a
previous
appointment.因另有约会在先，他谢绝了我的邀请。
(3)reject语气强烈，用于正式场合。如外交、商业条款之类，表示当面明确的拒绝所给所请，所提议之事；另外还有抛弃、剔除不适当的、不喜欢的东西。
[即学即练]　用reject或refuse的正确形式填空。
①She
asked
him
to
leave,
but
he
________.
②I
________
to
take
part
in
anything
that
is
illegal.
③It's
obvious
why
his
application
was
________.
4．contract
n．[C]合同，契约　vt.
&
vi.(使)签订合同，使立约；(使)收缩；(使)缩小；(使)缩短　vt.感染(疾病)，得(病)
(教材P107)Even
the
publisher
who
gave
her
a
contract
said
she
had
no
chance
of
making
money
in
children's
books.就连给她合同的出版商也说她没有机会从儿童书籍中赚钱。
(1)draw
up
a
contract
草拟合同
break
the
contract
违反合同
sign/enter
into/make
a
contract
(with
sb.)
(与某人)签订合同
contract
with
sb.
与某人签订合同
contract(sb.)
to
do
sth.
(与某人)签订合同做某事
(2)contract
a
disease/a
virus
感染疾病/病毒
?They
could
take
legal
action
against
you
if
you
break
(the
terms
of)
the
contract.
如果你违反合同(条款)，他们可以起诉你。
?Don't
sign/enter
into/make
any
contracts
before
examining
its
conditions
carefully.
仔细核查合同条款之前，不要签订任何合同。
?Our
company
was
contracted
to
build
shelters
for
the
homeless.
我们公司刚刚签订合同，为无家可归的人建造收容所。
?In
spoken
English，“do
not”
often
contracts
to
“don't”．在英语口语中，do
not常常缩略成don't。
?As
it
cooled,
the
metal
contracted.金属冷却后收缩了。
?The
virus
appears
to
be
more
easily
contracted
by
humans
when
they
are
exposed
to
diseased
birds.接触过患病禽类的人好像更容易感染上这种病毒。
He
rejected
my
friendly
advice
upon
further
consideration.他经过进一步的考虑，明确拒绝了我友好的建议。
搭配上，全部都可以接名词，但也不尽相同，不可随意换词。
refuse
an
invitation/permission/offer
reject
a
suggestion/an
offer/a
plan
decline
an
invitation/a
suggestion/an
offer
另外，refuse/decline后可接不定式，但reject则不可接不定式。
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中contract的词性及含义
①Non?smokers
are
less
likely
to
contract
lung
cancer
than
smokers.
____________
②Their
firm
has
contracted
to
build
a
double?purpose
bridge
across
the
river.
____________
③—You
are
late
for
the
morning
assembly
again!
—I'm
terribly
sorry.
I
was
drawing
up
a
contract
almost
the
whole
night.
____________
④The
exercise
consists
of
stretching
and
contracting
the
leg
muscles.
____________
5.limit
vt.限制，限定；制约　n．[C]限度，限制；限额，限量；界限
(教材P108)OK
and
thirdly,
it
mentions
effective
daily
practices
such
as
making
to?do
lists
and
limiting
time
on
social
networking
and
other
distractions.
好，第三，它提到了有效的日常行为，比如列出待办事项清单，限制在社交网络和其他使人分心的事上的时间。
(1)limit...to...
将……限制在某范围内
(2)within/without
limits
在某种程度上，有一定限制/无限地，无限制地
set
a
limit/limits
on...
对……进行限制
There
is
a/no
limit
to...
……是有限度/无限度的。
?A
lack
of
formal
education
will
limit
your
job
opportunities.
缺乏正规教育会令你的就业机会受到局限。
?The
teaching
of
history
should
not
be
limited
to
dates
and
figures.
教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
?I'm
willing
to
help,
within
limits.我愿意帮忙，可有一定的限度。
?Our
country
has
set
strict
limits
on
levels
of
pollution.
我们国家对污染程度作了严格限制。
?There
is
a
limit
to
the
amount
of
pain
we
can
bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
联想串记
limited
adj.有限的；受(……的)限制
limitless
adj.无限制的，无止境的
limitation
n．[U]限制，控制；[C,
usually
pl.]局限，限度
语境串记
I
had
been
asked
to
limit
my
speech
to
ten
minutes.
Time
was
so
limited
that
I
had
to
cut
the
second
example
off
my
speech.
Despite
the
limitations
of
my
speech,
it
was
well
received
and
earned
loud
applause.
我被要求把演讲限制在十分钟之内。时间很有限，我不得不删掉演讲中的第二个例子。尽管我的演讲有局限性，但还是深受欢迎，赢得了响亮的掌声。
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①It's
possible
to
overcome
your
________(limit)
to
achieve
well
beyond
what
you
believe
yourself
capable
of.
②As
we
all
know,
a
person's
life
is
________，
but
knowledge
is
________.(limit)
2．结合limit的用法完成句子
③故宫博物院为保护这座古老的建筑，对每日游客人数进行了限制。
The
Palace
Museum
________________
to
protect
the
ancient
structure.
④医生建议青少年每天看电视的时间应限制在一小时之内。
Doctors
suggest
that
teenagers'
screen
time
________________.
6.convince
vt.说服；劝说；使确信；使信服
(教材P108)Mm,
you've
convinced
me
to
read
this
book！嗯，你说服了我去读这本书！
(1)convince
sb.
to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
convince
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事
convince
sb.(that)．..
使某人相信……
(2)convinced
adj.
坚信不疑的；有坚定信仰的(通常描述人的感受)
be
convinced
of/that...
坚信/确信……
(3)convincing
adj.
令人信服的(通常描述物的特征)
(4)convincingly
adv.
令人信服地；有说服力地
?Perhaps
you
can
convince
the
injured
one
to
join
you
as
well.
或许你们可以说服那个受伤的人也加入你们。
?We
finally
convinced
them
of
our
innocence.我们终于使他们相信我们是清白的了。
?The
greatest
trick
the
devil
ever
pulled
was
convincing
the
world
(that)
he
didn't
exist.
魔鬼曾使用的最伟大的骗术就是让世界相信他并不存在。
?I
was
convinced
(that)
I
saw
you
there.我坚信我看见你在那里了。
?The
data
you
have
collected
is
not
enough
to
be
convincing.
你们收集的材料说服力不足。
He
tried
to
convince
me
of
the
truth
of
the
news
but
he
couldn't
provide
convincing
proof.Therefore,
it
seemed
that
he
didn't
speak
convincingly.
他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。
知识归纳与拓展：
v．＋sb.＋of＋sth.类短语小结
convince
sb.
of
sth.使某人相信某事
accuse
sb.
of
sth.指责/控告某人犯有某事
rob
sb.
of
sth.抢劫某人某物
cheat
sb.
of
sth.骗取某人某物
cure
sb.
of
sth.治好某人某种病
inform
sb.
of
sth.通知某人某事
remind
sb.
of
sth.提醒某人某事
warn
sb.
of/against
sth.告诫某人某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①You'll
need
to
convince
them
________
your
enthusiasm
for
the
job.
②I
think
you
will
help
me
convince
my
father
________
(leave)．
③________
(convince)
that
he
was
wrong,
he
felt
very
sad.
④She'll
cook
up
a
________
(convince)
explanation
for
her
failure.
⑤I'm
________
(convince)
that
he
is
not
telling
the
truth.
斯蒂芬坚信他已经看到了真正伟大的开始。
⑥Stephen
________
he
had
seen
the
beginning
of
true
greatness.
⑦Stephen
________
himself
________
seeing
the
beginning
of
true
greatness.
?第二版块：重点短语/典型句式
1.not
only...but(also)．..不仅……而且……
not
only...but(also)．..“不仅……而且……”，连接并列成分。
(1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且not
only位于句首时，not
only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的单复数通常与靠近它的主语保持一致。
语法：邻近原则
邻近原则也叫就近原则，是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分来确定谓语的单数或复数形式。如：
①Marilyn
or
you
are
to
blame
for
the
fault.要么玛丽莲要么你应为这个过失负责。(you是最靠近谓语动词的主语，故谓语动词应与you保持一致)
②Not
Black
but
his
parents
are
to
blame
for
the
home
accident.不是布兰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。(his
parents最靠近谓语故应用are)
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①They
are
not
only
experienced
and
knowledgeable,
________
also
patient
and
understanding.
②Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
teacher
________(like)
playing
football.
③Not
only
I
but
also
Tom
and
Jim
________
interested
in
English.
④Not
only
________
she
been
late
three
times,
she
has
also
done
no
work.
⑤Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
teacher
________
enjoying
the
film.
⑥Not
only
________
they
need
clothing,
but
they
are
also
short
of
water.
通过这样做，我不仅能与他人分享好的想法，而且能学会清楚地表达自我。
⑦By
doing
so,
I
can
____________________
learn
to
express
myself
clearly.
⑧By
doing
so,
____________________
learn
to
express
myself
clearly.(倒装)
2．祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(1)祈使句表示条件，and后的陈述句表示此条件下出现的结果。
(2)祈使句＋or＋陈述句：这里祈使句同样表示条件；or相当于if
not或otherwise(不然的话)，陈述句表示在不按照祈使句表示的条件做可能出现的结果。
?Work
hard
and
you
will
make
progress.(＝If
you
work
hard,
you
will
make
progress.)
努力学习你就会取得进步。
?Hurry
up
and
you
will
be
on
time.快点！你会准时的。
?Hurry
up
or
you
will
be
late.快点！否则你会迟到的。
[即学即练]　一句多译
早点出发，你就会赶上早班车。
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
早点出发否则你是不会赶上早班车的。
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
3.it
sounds
like...听起来是个……
(1)sound
n.
[C，U]声音
the
sound
of
rain
下雨声
turn
down
the
sound
of
the
radio
把收音机的音量调低
sound
link?verb
听起来
(2)sound＋adj./n.
sth.
sound
like
sth.
else
某事听起来像……
sth.
looks
like
sth.
else
……看上去像……
sth.
seems
like
sth.
else
看上去是……
?It
sounds
like
a
good
idea.这听起来是个好主意。
?That
sounds
like
a
good
place.那听起来是个好地方。
注意：like在这里是个介词，后跟名词作宾语。
?The
story
sounds
exciting.这故事听起来很刺激。
?Jack
seems
like
an
honest
guy.杰克似乎是个诚实的人。
词组辨析：
is
sounds
like接名词
it
sounds接形容词
eg：It
sounds
like
fun.
It
sounds
good.
[即学即练]　单句写作
①这篇小说听起来是个有趣的小说。
________________________________________________________________________
②这道题看起来很难。
________________________________________________________________________
③这座大楼似乎质量很好。
________________________________________________________________________
4．sb.
be
confident
that...肯定/确信……(＝sb.
be
certain/sure
that...)
be
confident
about
sth.
对……有信心
be
confident
of(doing)
sth.
对(做)某事有把握
be
confident
that...
确信……
have
confidence
in
oneself
有自信
have
(great)
confidence
in
sth.
对某事(非常)有信心
with
confidence
有把握地/有信心地
have
confidence
that...
确信……
He
was
confident
that
the
company
would
be
successful.
他相信此公司会成功。
名师指津：
①He
looks
like
an
honest
man.＝It
looks
as
if
he
is
an
honest
man.他看上去好像是个诚实的人。
②You
sounds
like
having
a
great
time
in
Paris.＝It
sounds
as
though
you
had
a
great
time
in
Paris.听起来你在巴黎过得很快乐。
③It
looks
like
rain.＝It
looks
as
if/though
it's
going
to
rain.天看起来要下雨。
④He
looks
like
knowing
the
answer.＝It
looks
as
if
he
knows
the
answer.他看起来好像知道这答案。
⑤He
seems
to
be
ill.＝It
seems
that
he
is
ill.似乎他病了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I
feel
confident
________
the
future.
②He
feels
________(confidence)
of
getting
the
job.
③I
am
confident
________
our
team
will
win
the
game.
④I
can
say
________
confidence
________
he
will
succeed
in
the
examination.
⑤I
have
every
________
(confident)
that
we
will
win
the
game.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Drivers
are
supposed
to
l________
the
speed
in
neighborhoods
because
children
may
be
playing
there.
2．To
our
great
astonishment,
he
signed
the
unreasonable
________(合同)．
3．With
________
(产量)
up
by
60%,
the
company
has
had
another
excellent
year.
4．We
should
try
to
make
good
use
of
the
advantages
of
the
Internet
and
reduce
the
disadvantages
to
the
________
(最低限度)
at
the
same
time.
5．Seventeen
publishers
________(拒绝)
the
manuscript
before
Jenks
saw
its
potential.
6．The
tests
show
that
the
social
environment
is
extremely
________
(有影响力的)when
we're
making
decisions.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There
is
a
limit
________
how
much
fresh
fruit
you
can
eat
in
a
day.
2．Reading
satisfies
my
desire
to
keep
learning.
And
I've
found
that
the
possibilities
that
lie
within
books
are
________
(limit)．
3．It
is
an
area
of
outstanding
natural
beauty,
and
the
number
of
boats
available
for
hire
on
the
river
is
________
(limit)．
4．________
(devote)
to
learning
a
second
language,
whether
you
are
old
or
young,
will
add
to
a
lot
of
fun
and
broaden
your
horizons.
5．In
the
future,
I
will
be
a
good
doctor
to
heal
the
wounded
and
rescue
the
dying,
________
(devote)
myself
to
my
work.
6．Most
importantly,
she
explains
how
to
ask
coworkers
to
be
advisors,
and
how
to
deal
with
________
(reject)．
7．Researchers
have
found
clear
and
________
(convince)
evidence
that
happiness
is
the
key
to
better
health
and
longer
lives.
8．He
convinced
the
police
department
________
(allow)
him
to
set
up
a
couple
of
“chat
benches”
in
two
of
their
local
parks.
9．Darwin
________
(convince)
that
the
theory
of
evolution
is
based
on
natural
selection.
10．He
tried
to
convince
them
________
the
safety
of
travelling
by
airplane.
Ⅲ.句子仿写：根据例句和中文提示参照黑体词仿写句子
1．【例句】．..his
research
has
not
only
helped
China
find
a
way
to
remove
hunger
but
also
contributed
to
world
peace
and
social
progress.
【仿句】她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】But
he
was
confident
that
this
company
would
be
successful.
【仿句】我肯定你能得到那份工作。
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】Follow
the
five
secrets
and
you'll
succeed.
【仿句】再试一次你就会成功。
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】．..the
book
encourages
people
to
prepare
themselves
for
success.
【仿句】我的老师经常鼓励我在人前讲话。
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】．..it
sounds
like
a
useful
book.
【仿句】这听起来是个有趣的故事。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.短文语法填空
Do
you
want
to
be
successful?
Follow
our
five
secrets
and
you
can
do
it.
First,
be
passionate
about
what
you
do.
If
you
do
something
primarily
for
love
and
not
for
other
1.________
(reason),
probably
it
will
lead
you
2.________
success.
Second,
be
confident.
When
Ma
Yun
first
had
the
idea
of
3.________
(quit)
his
job
as
a
college
teacher
and
starting
up
4.________
online
shopping
company,
everybody
thought
he
was
crazy.
But
he
was
confident
that
this
company
would
be
successful.
Third,
work
hard.
The
“10,000?hour
rule
for
success”
5.________
(state)
that
you
need
to
practise
for
a
minimum
of
10,000
hours.
That's
about
six
hours
a
day
for
five
years.
Fourth,
set
your
goals
high.
At
the
age
of
five,
Novak
Djokovic
decided
he
didn't
want
to
be
just
a
good
tennis
player,
he
wanted
to
be
the
6.________
(good)
tennis
player
in
the
world.
In
2011,
Djokovic,
aged
24,
7.__________
(win)
three
major
world
championships
and
became
the
World
Number
One.
Finally,
keep
trying.
Luckily
for
Harry
Potter
fans,
J.
K.
Rowling
didn't
listen
to
the
negative
comments
from
the
twelve
publishers
who
rejected
her
books.
For
two
years,
she
tried
to
get
them
8.________
(publish).
Even
the
publisher
9.________
gave
her
a
contract
said
she
had
no
chance
of
making
money
in
children's
books.
He
was
wrong
and
for
the
last
ten
years,
J.
K.
Rowling
10.________
(be)
the
author
of
the
most
famous
children's
books
in
the
world.
These
successful
people
started
at
the
bottom
and
got
to
the
top.
You
can,
too!
Part
Ⅲ　Lesson
2　Top
Five
Secrets
of
Success
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．convince　2.limit　3.contract　4.reject　5.publisher
6．championship　7.production　8.devote　9.influential
Ⅱ.
1．to
convince　2.to
limit　3.contract　4.championship
5．reject　6.Production　7.devote　8.influential
Ⅲ.
1．check
out　2.be
focused
on　3.give...a
look　4.write
down　5.prepare
for　6.at
the
age
of　7.start
up　
8．contribute
to　9.devote
to　10.take...for
example
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①influential　句意为：他在制定经济政策方面很有影响力。
②influential　句意为：如果任何有影响的人低估了你的才能，他们将会感到遗憾。此处修饰后面的名词people，应该使用形容词。
③influence　句意为：我的父亲是我的榜样，我当前的职业受了他很大的影响。
④on/upon　句意为：电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？此处表示“对……的影响”，应该用介词on/upon。
2．①playing　句意：他每天都把一部分空闲时间用来拉小提琴。to是介词，其后应用v.?ing作宾语。
②devotion　句意：这位老师对教育事业的无私奉献是众所周知的，她所有的学生都尊敬和爱戴她。
③to　此处表示钟南山教授全身心地投入到新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的战斗中。
④Having
devoted　句意：我多年来致力于学习英语，因此我认为我能胜任这份工作，因为我能用英语与外国人流利地交流。此处Having
devoted
myself
to
learning
English
for
years作状语。
⑤devoted　句意：除非你完全投入工作，否则你永远不会取得成功。
3．①refused　普通用词，表示“拒绝”。
②refuse(d)　refuse可以与不定式连用，而reject不能。
③rejected　reject强调摈弃、不采用或不使用。
4．①vt.感染(疾病)　②vt.
&
vi.(使)签订合同　③n.合同　④vt.收缩
5．①limitations　②limited　limitless　③has
set
a
limit
on
the
number
of
its
daily
visitors/has
limited
the
number
of
its
daily
visitors　④(should)
be
limited
to
one
hour
6．①of　句意为：你需要让他们相信你对工作的热情。此句考查convince
sb.
of
sth.(让某人相信某事)。
②to
leave　句意为：我认为你能帮我说服我父亲离开。此句考查convince
sb.
to
do
sth.(说服某人做某事)。
③Convinced　句意为：因为确信自己错了，他感到很难过。此处Convinced
that...为原因状语。
④convincing　句意为：她会为她的失败编造一个令人信服的解释。此处convincing为形容词，修饰explanation。
⑤convinced　句意为：我确信他没有说实话。此处考查be
convinced
(that)．..(确信……)。
⑥was
convinced
(that)　⑦convinced;
of
?第二版块：重点短语/典型句式
1．①but　②likes　③are　④has　⑤is　⑥do　⑦not
only
share
good
ideas
with
others,
but
also　⑧not
only
can
I
share
good
ideas
with
others,
but
also
2．①Start
early
and
you
will
catch
the
first
bus.
②If
you
start
early,
you
will
catch
the
early
bus.
③Start
early
or
you
won't
catch
the
first
bus.
④Start
early,
otherwise
you
won't
catch
the
first
bus.
3．①The
novel
sounds
like
an
interesting
one.
②This
exercise
looks
(like
a)
difficult
(one)．
③This
building
seems/looks
like
having
a
good?quality.
或This
building
seems
to
be
of
good
quality.
4．①about　②confident　③that　④with;
that　⑤confidence
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．limit　2.contract　3.production　4.minimum　5.rejected
6．influential
Ⅱ.
1．to　2.limitless　3.limited　4.Being
devoted　5.devoting
6．rejection　7.convincing　8.to
allow　9.was
convinced　10.of
Ⅲ.
1．She
likes
not
only
music
but
also
sports.
2．I'm
confident
that
you
will
get
that
job.
3．Try
again
and
you
will
succeed.
4．My
teacher
often
encourages
me
to
speak
in
front
of
people.
5．It
sounds
like
an
intersting
story.
Ⅳ.
1．reasons　2.to　3.quitting　4.an　5.states　6.best
7．won　8.published　9.who　10.has
beenUnit
2
Success
Part
Ⅳ　Lesson
3　Getting
to
the
Top
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我之认识自我，丰富自我，完善自我
课时词汇
ruin,
defensive,
countless,
length,
average，normal,
rank
常用短语
apart
from...,
skip
out,
in
danger
of,
on
a．..basis,
an
amount
of,
stay
in,
live
one's
life
to
extremes,
set
sb.
apart
重点句式
(1)that引导的宾语从句
(2)in
order
to
do...引导目的状语
(3)It
is/was...
that/who...强调句式
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
adj.
正常的，平常的
2．________________
adj.
平庸的，普通的；平均的
n.
平均水平；平均数
3．________________
adj.
杰出的，优秀的
4．________________
adj.
受伤的
5．________________
n.
舞台；月台
6．________________
adj.
&
adv.
分开；散开
7．________________
n.
长度
8．________________
adj.
巨大的，庞大的
9．________________
vi.&
vt.
(使)沸腾，煮沸
10．________________
vt.
租用
11．________________
adj.
无数的，数不尽的
12．________________
n.
基本部分；要素
13．________________
vt.
不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走
14．________________
vt.
糟蹋；毁坏
15．________________
adj.
学术的
16．________________
n.
条目
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．After
that
accident,
he
should
be
able
to
lead
a
perfectly
________
(正常的)
life.
2．What
is
the
________(平均的)
temperature
in
her
hometown?
3．The
boy
who
won
the
scholarship
was
a
quite
________(杰出的)
student.
4．Ambulances
took
the
________(受伤的)
to
a
nearby
hospital.
5．The
train
now
standing
at
________
(站台)
2
is
for
Leeds.
6．The
Yangtze
River
is
about
6,300
km
in
________
(长度)．
7．The
water
was
bubbling
and
________(沸腾)
away.
8．Long
long
ago,
________(庞大的)
animals
lived
on
Earth.
9．What
could
you
do
for
our
company
if
I
h________
you?
10．The
new
treatment
could
save
the
lives
of
c________
people.
11．Physical
fitness
has
now
become
an
important
e________
in
our
life.
12．She
often
s________
breakfast
altogether,
which
is
bad
for
her
health.
13．My
new
shoes
got
r________
in
the
mud.
14．If
the
International
Student
Centre
is
not
an
a________
department,
what
does
it
do?
15．Because
there
are
several
files,
you
need
an
e________
for
each
one.
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语
1．突出；出色
________________
2．愿意做某事
________________
3．致力于
________________
4．除……之外
________________
5．致力于，专注于
________________
6．独立地，独自地
________________
7．待在家里
________________
8．与生俱来
________________
9．要点是，归结为
________________
10．为了
________________
11．忙于做某事
________________
12．与……分享
________________
13．处于……危险之中
________________
14．不再
________________
15．被留给，剩有
________________
16．放弃
________________
17．把某人推到极限
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.ruin
vt.
毁坏；毁灭；使破产
n．[C](ruins)废墟；遗迹
[U]破坏；毁坏；毁灭
(教材P36)As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes,
I
miss
birthday
parties,
ruin
family
holidays
and
skip
nights
out,
but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日派对、破坏家庭旅行、放弃晚上外出，但我有一个合理的理由去放弃这么多事情。
lie/be
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
bring...
to
ruin
使……毁灭；使……没落
fall
into
ruin
衰落；败落
?It
rained
for
weeks
on
end，completely
ruining
our
holiday.
雨连续下了几个星期，完全毁了我们的假期。
?Alcohol
and
drugs
almost
ruined
his
health
and
fame.
酒精和毒品几乎毁了他的健康和名声。
?In
fifteen
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市沦为一片废墟。
?Hurricane
Sandy
has
almost
brought
the
crops
to
ruin.
飓风“桑迪”几乎把庄稼全毁了。
?After
a
fierce
battle，the
city
has
fallen
into
ruin.
一场激烈的战争过后，这座城市衰落了。
易混辨析：
damage，destroy和ruin的用法区别
(1)damage指价值降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部毁坏，损坏了还可以修复
The
heavy
rain
damaged
many
houses.
大雨毁坏了许多房子。
(2)destroy指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复
That
town
was
destroyed
in
a
big
fire.
那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
(3)ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般意义的“弄坏了”
She
poured
water
all
over
my
painting,
and
ruined
it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
语境串记：
After
the
collision,
he
examined
the
considerable
damage
to
his
car.
Fortunately
it
was
not
completely
ruined/destroyed.
撞车之后，他检查了受损严重的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废/毁掉。
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①Years
of
fighting
have
left
the
area
in
________(ruin)．
②At
12,
he
got
a
serious
illness
which
________(ruin)
his
health.
③The
castle
now
lies
________
ruins.
④A
large
number
of
churches
fell
________
ruin
after
the
revolution.
2．用ruin,
damage或destroy的正确形式填空。
⑤The
bridge
was
completely
________
by
the
explosion.
⑥Wind
and
sand
have
________
the
old
castle.
⑦His
car
got
________
in
the
accident
but
it
can
still
be
used.
2.defensive
adj.戒备的，自卫的
(教材P36)I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive.我本可以愤怒或辩解一下。
(1)defend
v.
防御；保卫；为……辩护，辩解
defend
against
防御
defend
oneself
自卫；自我辩护
defend
sb.
against/from...
保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护
(2)defence
n.
保护；保卫；辩护；后卫
come
to
sb.'s
defence
为某人辩护
in
sb.'s
defence
为某人辩护
in
defence
of...
为……辩解/辩护
?Don't
get
defensive，Charlie.
I
was
only
joking.别这么大戒心，查利。我只不过是开开玩笑。
?It
is
impossible
to
defend
against
an
all-out
attack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。
?He
realised
none
of
his
schoolmates
would
come
to
his
defence.
他意识到没有一个同学愿意挺身而出为他辩护。
?He
has
mentioned
the
name
of
Martin
Luther
King
in
defence
of
his
actions.
他提出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
知识拓展：
Put
up
a
strong
defence
works
against
the
enemy's
invasion.为抵御敌人的侵略布置坚固的防御工事。
defend
oneself
in
court在法庭自我辩护
a
witness
for
the
defence被告的证人
reduce
the
expense
on
defence减少国防开支
defend
sb.
in
court.在法庭为某人辩护
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①All
our
officers
are
trained
to
defend
themselves
________
knife
attacks.
②Like
their
children,
parents
are
often
________
(defence)
about
their
private
lives.
③We
must
see
that
there
is
no
gap
in
our
________
(defend)．
④What
talking
points
can
be
raised
________
defence
of
this
argument?
3.countless
adj.无数的，数不尽的
(教材P36)I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed...
我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚……
count
v.
数数；重要；认为
count
on/upon
指望；依靠
count...
in
把……计算在内
count
up
to...
数到……
count
sb./sth.
as
把某人/某物看作
?It
has
saved
my
life,
and
the
lives
of
countless
others.
它救了我的命，也救了无数其他人的命。
?We
counted
the
passengers,
and
found
that
two
were
missing.
我们数了乘客人数，发现少了两个人。
?Do
not
be
fooled
by
its
commonplace
appearance.
Like
so
many
things,
it
is
not
what
is
outside,
but
what
is
inside
that
counts.
不要被它普通的外表蒙蔽。像许多事物一样，重要的不是外在，而是内在。
?It
is
not
the
story
itself
but
what
is
reflected
in
the
story
that
counts.
重要的不是这个故事本身，而是这个故事所反映出的问题。
?Yes,
unlikely
friendships
start
up
every
day.
No
one
understands
this
more
than
the
lonely.
In
fact,
it's
what
they
count
on.
的确，不太可能的友谊每天都在发生，没有人能比孤独寂寞的人更了解这一点。事实上，不太可能发生的友谊就是他们的指望。
?Mark，can
we
count
you
in
for
the
cricket
team?
马克，我们能把你算作板球队的一员吗？
?The
little
boy
can
count
up
to
100.那个小男孩可以数到100。
?I
count
him
as
my
closest
friend.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友。
词汇知识：
-ive后缀，主要表示两种词性：
(1)表示形容词“……的”。如：active
adj.活跃的；积极的；creative
adj.创造性的，有创意的；agrressive
adj.挑衅的；comprehensive
adj.全面的；defensive
adj.自卫的；effective
adj.有效果的；expensive
adj.昂贵的；defensive
adj.戒备的，自卫的
(2)表示名词“……人/物”
如：native
n．本地人；captive
n．俘虏；fugitive
n．逃亡者；detective
n．侦探；representative
n．代表；locomotive
n．火车头
词汇知识：
以-less后缀构成的形容词
homeless
adj.无家可归的
useless
adj.无用的
colourless
adj.无色的
hopeless
adj.无希望的
waterless
adj.无水的
rootless
adj.无根的
jobless
adj.无职业的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Success
is
not
final,
failure
is
not
fatal:
it
is
the
courage
to
continue
that
________
(count)．
②She
can
always
be
counted
________
for
support.
③She
added,
“You
can
count
me
________，
I
guess.”
④I
spent
________
(count)
hours
on
trains
and
buses.
⑤That
was
the
likeliest
outcome
and,
on
balance,
it
would
be
counted
________
a
success.
⑥不要在蛋孵化前先数小鸡(不要过早打如意算盘)。
Don't
________
your
chickens
before
they
are
hatched.
⑦那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
That
was
the
first
time
Dad
________________
me
in
a
moment
of
emergency.
⑧那个经理需要一个可以指望的助手，能够在他不在时处理问题。
The
manager
needs
an
assistant
________________
to
take
care
of
problems
in
his
absence.
4.length
n．[C]游泳池长度；[C，U]长度，时间的长短　lengthen
v．(使)变长
(教材P36)．..I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games...
……十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回……
in
length
在长度上
at
length
最后；详尽地，长时间
?I
always
had
the
feeling
that
she
was
keeping
me
at
arm's
length.
我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。
?The
biggest
dolphin
can
measure
four
metres
in
length
but
common
dolphins
are
usually
less
than
two
metres
long.
最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。
?At
length,
the
day
came
on
which
we
were
to
leave.
终于到了我们要走的那一天。
?We
have
already
discussed
this
matter
at
length.
我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。
与“long
length
lengthen”变形相似的还有：
wide
adj.宽的→width
n．宽度→widen
v．变宽
deep
adj.深的→depth
n．深(度)→deepen
v．加强
strong
adj.强壮的→strength
n．力量→strengthen
v．加强
broad
adj.宽阔的→breadth
n．宽度→broaden
v．变宽
名词后缀-th联想：
width宽度；depth深度；strength强度；warmth温暖；growth生长；health健康；truth真理；实情；wealth财富；south南；north北；fourth第四；twentieth第二十；twelfth第十二；thousandth第一千
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
selfie
stick(自拍杆)
is
a
hand-held
pole
which
allows
users
to
take
a
photo
of
themselves
from
greater
than
arm's
________
(long)．
②If
you
come
to
visit
China,
you
will
experience
a
culture
of
amazing
________(deep)
and
variety.
③The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
was
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
________(strength)
Dickens'
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
④公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。
____________，
the
bus
arrived
forty
minutes
late.
⑤这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。
The
room
is
15
feet
____________
and
10
feet
____________.
5.average
adj.普通的；平均的；正常的　n．[C，U]平均数；平均水平，一般水准
(教材P37)In
the
words
of
the
British
triathlete
Alistair
Brownlee,
even
if
it
means
getting
injured，“I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.”
用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
average
link-v.
平均为；
vt.
算出……的平均数
an
average
of...
平均为……
on
average
平均来看
above/below
average
高于/低于平均水平
?An
average
student
can
be
excellent
by
hard
work.
通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。
?As
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases,
there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。
?Forty
hours
is
a
fairly
average
working
week
for
most
people.
对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。
?The
boats
remain
at
sea
for
an
average
of
ten
days
at
a
time.
这些船只平均每次在海上待10天。
?How
many
cupcakes
does
your
shop
sell
daily
on
average?
你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？
?His
grade
is
above
average
in
the
class.
他的成绩在班里中等以上。
?The
rainfall
there
averages
300mm
a
year.
那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。
教师提醒：
(1)在询问某人国家或地区人口多少的时候，用“What
is
the
population
of...？”而不是“how
many/much
is
the
population
of...？”
(2)在形容一个国家人口多少的时候，要用large或small，而不能用many或者few。如：Guangdong
Province
has
the
largest
population
in
China.广东省的人口在中国最多。
(3)当population作主语时，通常谓语用单位形式。但当population受其表语或其分数或百分数影响，要考虑其谓语动词可能转化为复数形式。
如：35%
of
the
population
of
the
class
are
girls.这个班的百分之三十五是女生。
Half
of
the
population
in
China
live
in
the
countryside.在中国一半的人生活在农村。
[即学即练]　
1．判断下列句子中average的词性及含义
①An
average
adult
man
burns
1,500
to
2,000
calories
per
day.
____________
②Mr
Smith's
salary
is
below
average
in
his
company,
which
makes
him
upset.
____________
③The
water
in
the
lake
is
not
particularly
deep,
averaging
about
12
metres.
____________
2．用average的相关短语完成句子
④Last
year
was
the
warmest
year
on
record,
with
global
temperature
0.68℃
____________.
⑤The
person
who
works
with
a
messy(凌乱的)desk
spends,
____________，one
and
a
half
hours
per
day
in
looking
for
things.
6.normal
adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的　n．[U]一般水平，常态
(教材P37)It
is
certainly
not
a
balanced
way
to
live
and
it
is
certainly
not
normal
but
those
words
are
generally
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness.
它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但平衡、寻常这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
It
is
normal
(for
sb./sth.)to
do
sth.
(对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。
under
normal
circumstances
一般情况下
above/below
normal
通常标准之上/之下
bring...
back
to
normal
使……恢复正常
return
to
normal
恢复正常
?It
is
normal
to
feel
tired
after
such
a
long
trip.
这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
?Under
normal
circumstances，I
go
to
sleep
at
10
p．m.
一般情况下，我晚上10点睡觉。
?The
rainfall
is
below
normal
for
this
time
of
year.
一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。
?It
took
us
a
lot
of
time
to
bring
everything
back
to
normal
after
the
earthquake.
地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。
辨析比较：
normal/ordinary/common/usual
易混词
区别
normal
正常的，一般的。指行为、特征符合常态、常规。
ordinary
平常的，普通的。强调“平常”，无出奇之处。
common
常见的，共同的。具有多数人/事物共有的特征，因常见而显得平常。
usual
通常的，惯常的。侧重说明行为的经常性。
As
usual,
I
got
up
at
7
a．m.
and
another
ordinary
day
began.
I
had
to
go
to
work.
It
was
common
that
the
bus
was
crowded
and
no
wonder
many
people
went
to
work
by
electric
motorcycle.
像往常一样，我早上7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。
[即学即练]　完成句子/选词填空(common/usual/normal/ordinary)
①When
I
took
his
temperature，it
was
2℃
____________(通常标准之上)．
②The
government
has
taken
some
measures
to
reconstruct
the
earthquake-hit
areas，but
it
will
be
some
time
before
they
____________(恢复正常)．
③Meanwhile,
with
her
parents'
help,
Moore
is
generally
able
to
live
a
________
teenage
life.
④________
soap,
used
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria
effectively.
⑤Rock
music
consists
of
many
different
styles.
Even
though
there
is
a
________
spirit
among
all
music
groups,
they
make
very
different
music.
⑥Despite
the
heavy
snow
yesterday,
everybody
in
the
company
went
about
their
daily
tasks
as
________.
7.rank
(1)vt.
&
vi.把……分等级，属于某等级；vt.排列，使排成行(2)n.[U，C](尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔；[sing.]等级；[C](警察，士兵等的)队列，行列
(教材P39)Then
rank
your
choices
from
1
(most
important)
to
4
(least
important)．
然后把你的选择从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)进行排列。
rank...as...
把……视为……
top-ranked
players
一流的选手
people
of
high
social
rank
社会地位高的人
a
painter
of
the
first
rank
一流的画家
?At
the
height
of
her
career
she
(was)
ranked
second
in
the
world.
在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。
?Critics
rank
him
as
a
first-class
painter.批评家们把他视为一流画家。
?Cups
were
ranked
neatly
on
the
shelf.杯子整齐地排列在架子上。
?He
is
an
officer
of
senior
rank.他是个有高级军阶的军官。
?This
country
is
no
longer
in
the
front
rank
of
world
powers.
这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。
?She
was
not
used
to
associating
with
people
of
high
social
rank.
她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。
?They
watched
as
ranks
of
marching
soldiers
passed
the
window.
他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。
“把……视为……”短语
rank...as...把……视为……
regard...as...把……视为……
think
of...as...把……看作……
consider...as...把……看作……
treat...as...把……当作……
count...as...把……看作……
take...as...把……当作……
think...(to
be)．..认为……是……
[即学即练]　单句写作
①这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。
________________________________________________________________________
②他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。
________________________________________________________________________
③这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。
________________________________________________________________________
④上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。
________________________________________________________________________
?第二版块：重点短语
1.boil
down
to(局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to是介词)
(教材P36)It
boils
down
to
this:
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
determination.
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。
boil
sth.down
(to
sth.)
概括，归纳，压缩
come
down
to
sth.
可归结为，可归纳为
?In
the
end,
what
it
all
boils
down
to
is
time，or
the
lack
of
it.
问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。
?It
boils
down
to
a
question
of
priorities.
这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。
?The
original
speech
I
had
written
got
boiled
down
to
about
ten
minutes.
我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。
?What
it
comes
down
to
is，either
I
go
there
alone
or
you
accompany
me
there.
归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。
比较：boiling与boiled
Water
boils
at
100
degrees.水在100度时沸腾。
I
boilded
some
water
to
make
tea
for
our
guests.我烧了一些水给客人们泡茶。
Everybody
can
drink
boiled
water
but
no
one
drink
boiling
water
for
boiling
water
may
burn
your
mouth.大家都可以喝开水，但无人敢喝正在沸腾的水，因为沸腾的水会烫嘴的。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
boils
________
to
one
question
whether
you
really
have
full
confidence.
②It
boils
down
________
how
fast
a
machine
can
perform
an
operation.
③Our
choices
boil
down
to
________
(stay)
here
or
leaving
here.
2.apply
oneself
to致力于/专心于(to是介词)
(教材P37)Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll,
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
(1)apply
vi.&
vt.
申请；请求
vt.
应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作
vt.
涂(油漆、乳剂)
vi.
(对……)适用，有效
(2)apply
(to...)
for...
(向……)申请……
apply
to
do
sth.
申请做某事
apply
sth.to...
把某物应用于……
be
applied
to...
被应用于……(to为介词)
apply
to...
对……适用
?Every
time
I
see
him,
he
is
always
applying
himself
to
his
work.
每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。
?Our
manager
has
applied
himself
to
this
task
with
considerable
energy.
我们经理已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。
?Over
the
next
months,
he
applied
himself
to
improving
the
technique.
在接下来的几月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。
?I'm
applying
for
a
part-time
job
at
a
company
in
my
city
during
the
summer
vacation.
我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。
?He
applied
to
learn
composition
from
the
well-known
musician.
他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。
?We
should
apply
new
words
to
spoken
and
written
English.
我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。
?The
new
technology
has
been
applied
to
farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。
?We
applied
our
minds
to
finding
a
solution
to
our
problem.
我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。
?Apply
the
cream
evenly
over
the
skin.
将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。
The
rule
applies
to
everyone
in
our
school.
该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。
表示“专心致力于……”的短语归纳：
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
be
intent
on
(doing)
sth.
be
absorbed
in...
be
engaged
in
(doing)
sth.
be
buried
in...
concentrate
on
doing
sth.
be
involved
in...
be
lost
in...
表示“沉迷于……不能自拔”
be
lost
in...(＝lose
oneself
in...)
be
addicted
to
＝addict
onself
to
＝be
absorbed
in...
词组辨析：
apply
to适合，适用于……　向……提出申请
apply
for申请，要求……
apply
to后面接间接宾语
apply
for后面接直接宾语
[即学即练]　判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空
①By
the
time
I
saw
the
job
advertised
it
was
already
too
late
to
apply.____________
②He
wants
a
job
in
which
he
can
apply
his
foreign
languages.____________
③Apply
the
cream
to
exposed
areas
every
three
hours
and
after
swimming.____________
④You
can
solve
any
problem
if
you
apply
yourself
to
it.____________
⑤We
should
apply
theory
________
practice;
otherwise,
it
is
no
use.
⑥The
person
who
wants
to
apply
________
the
position
will
be
expected
to
have
a
good
command
of
English.
⑦If
you
apply
yourself
________
the
job
in
hand,
you'll
finish
it
soon.
⑧Recently,
he
has
applied
himself
to
________(do)
research
and
writing
papers.
3.let
alone更不用说
(教材P38)If
you
are
not
totally
committed
to
your
sport
and
want
to
lead
a
normal
life,
you
can
never
be
an
outstanding
athlete,
let
alone
an
Olympic
champion.
如果你不是全身心地投入到你的运动中，想过普通的生活，你永远不会成为一名出色的运动员，更不用说成为奥运冠军了。
let
alone
表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。
let/leave
sb.
alone
不打扰，不惊动
let/leave
sth.
alone
不碰，不变动，不移动
?There
isn't
enough
room
for
us,
let
alone
any
guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
?Protecting
the
environment
is
a
challenge,
let
alone
improving
it.
保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。
?She
asked
to
be
left
alone
but
the
press
photographers
followed
her
everywhere.
她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。
?Leave
the
cakes
alone.
They're
for
the
guests.
别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。
let
alone与to
say
nothing
of这两个短语都相当于汉语的“更不用说”。如：
She
hasn't
yet
learned
how
to
move
her
hands,
let
alone
act.
她连手应该怎么动还没学会呢，更不用说演戏了。
He
has
no
chairs
in
his
room,
let
alone
a
sofa.
他连椅子都没有，哪里还谈得上沙发呢。
Few
people
like
walking
in
the
rain,
let
alone
bicycling
in
it.
很少有人喜欢在雨中走路的，更不用说在雨中骑自行车了。
Insomniacs
can't
get
into
sleep
even
in
quiet
places,
let
alone
in
noisy
surroundings.
有失眠症的人即使在安静的场所也难以入睡，在嘈杂的环境中就更不用说了。
He
(a
Negro)
has
on
more
than
one
occasion
braved
lynching
and
starvation,
to
say
nothing
of
the
ordinary
forms
of
torture.
他(一个黑人)曾不止一次勇敢地面对私刑和饥饿，更不提普通的折磨了。
注意：let
alone后面可连用动词原形、名词、动名词、过去分词、介词短语；to
say
nothing
of后面只能连用名词或动名词，这主要是受介词of的影响。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①With
one
leg
broken
in
that
car
accident,
he
can
not
walk,
let
________
run.
②The
country
does
not
yet
have
enough
electricity
for
itself,
let
alone
________
export.
4．apart
from...除……之外
(教材P37)If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争对手中脱颖而出。
apart
from为介词短语，相当于aside
from，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
(1)相当于except
for，意为“除了……之外(都)；要不是”，强调从整体中除去一部分，该部分要排除在外。
(2)相当于in
addition
to，as
well
as，意为“除了……之外(还)；此外”，强调除此之外还包括其他部分。
?I
have
finished
apart
from
the
last
question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
?Apart
from
their
house
in
London,
they
also
have
a
villa
in
Spain.
他们除了在伦敦有一座房子，在西班牙还有一座乡间别墅。
[即学即练]　根据汉语意思完成句子。
当时是困难时期，别的且不说，我们财政上就有问题。
It
was
a
difficult
time.
____________
everything
else,
we
had
financial
problems.
?第三版块：典型句式
1．way后接定语从句和“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
(教材P37)Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll,
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to.
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
(1)way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：
①当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用that/in
which引导；用that引导时，that可以省略。
②当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。
(2)way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式：
做某事的方法
(3)“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
①no
matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。
②whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”
③引导让步状语从句时，no
matter
what/who/when/where/how可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however互换。
?The
way
(that)
he
explained
the
question
was
quite
simple.(＝The
way
in
which
he
explained
the
question
was
quite
simple.)
他解释那个问题的方法很简单。
?The
way
(that/which)
he
told
us
was
quite
effective.
他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)
?The
way
that/which
was
thought
up
by
him
was
similar
to
Tom's.
他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)
?Recycling
is
one
way
of
protecting/to
protect
the
environment.
回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。
?No
matter
what
he
did，his
parents
supported
him.
不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。
?No
matter
how
difficult
the
problem
is，we'll
overcome
it.
不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。
?Whoever
asks
him
for
help，he
is
always
ready
to
help.
不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。
?He
is
a
very
determined
man.
Whatever
problems
he
meets,
he
never
gives
up.
他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。
?Now,
the
photo
is
still
hanging
on
the
wall
of
my
bedroom.
No
matter
when
(＝Whenever)
I
look
at
it,
I
couldn't
help
thinking
of
my
friend.
现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。
易混比较：
no
matter
what与whatever
(1)whatever＝no
matter
what引导让步状语从句
Smoking
is
harmful,
whatever
your
cigarettes.＝Smoking
is
harmful
no
matter
what
your
cigarettes
(may
be)．
不管你抽的烟怎么样，抽烟总是有害的。
(2)作连接代词，whatever在句中作定语＝no
matter
what＋n.
如：You
are
welcome
whatever
time
you
come.＝You
are
welcome
no
matter
what
time
you
come.不管你何时来你都受欢迎。
(句中no
matter
what
time＝no
matter
when)
(3)whatever＝anything
that，此时whatever不能用no
matter
what代替。如：
Whatever
you
do
should
agree
with
the
regulations.＝Anything
that
you
do
should
agree
with
the
regulations.
你做的一切都应符合规章制度。
(4)whenever＝no
matter
when
wherever＝no
matter
where
however＝no
matter
how
whoever＝no
matter
who/anyone
who
whichever＝no
matter
which/any
one
which
[即学即练]　
1．单句语法填空
①Most
people
believe
the
best
way
________
(build)
a
great
team
is
to
gather
a
group
of
the
most
talented
individuals.
②The
way
________
was
offered
by
him
to
do
the
experiment
was
different
from
the
way
________
you
carried
it
out.
2．单句写作
③我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
________________________________________________________________________
3．用适当的特殊疑问词(＋-ever)填空
④No
matter
________
difficult
it
is
now,
education
will
help
you
be
a
productive
member
in
society.
⑤________
problems
you
may
have,
you
should
gather
your
courage
to
face
them.
⑥________
Angela
goes,
there
are
crowds
of
people
waiting
to
see
her.
4.同义句转换
⑦Whenever
you
come,
I
will
welcome
you.
→________________，I
will
welcome
you.
⑧No
matter
where
you
go,
I'll
go
with
you.
→________________，
I'll
go
with
you.
⑨Whatever
the
result
is,
we
should
accept
it
with
a
smile,
because
we
have
tried
our
best.
→________________，
we
should
accept
it
with
a
smile,
because
we
have
tried
our
best.
2．that引导宾语从句
(教材P36)He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with.
他担心和我一起训练不再有趣，担心我可能只剩下一枚世界冠军奖牌，且没有人与我分享。
(1)that引导宾语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当成分，在非正式场合可以省略。
(2)当主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，expect等词，且宾语从句表示否定时，常把否定词转移至主句。
The
boy
believes
that
he
will
travel
through
space
to
other
planets.
这个男孩相信他将穿越太空，到达其他星球。
I
don't
think
he
is
going
to
help
you
with
your
English.
我认为他不会帮你学英语。
特别注意　宾语从句中that不能省略的情况：
(1)当句中的动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，但第二个及后面引导宾语从句的that不可省略。
?He
said
(that)
you
were
too
young
to
understand
the
matter
and
that
he
was
asked
not
to
tell
you.
他说你太年轻，还不懂这件事，而且有人要求他别告诉你。
(2)当主句的谓语与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。
?Just
then
I
noticed,
for
the
first
time,
that
our
master
was
wearing
his
fine
green
coat
and
his
black
silk
cap.
就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的师傅穿着他那件上好的绿外套，并戴着一顶黑丝帽。
名师点津：否定转移
否定转移就是把宾语从句的否定词放在主句谓语中了，但翻译的意思不变。
否定转移的三个条件：
(1)主语是第一人称(I,
we)；
(2)主句谓语动词是一般现在时；
(3)谓语动词是think,
believe,
suppose,
imagine,
expect,
consider,
guess,
fancy等表示心理活动的动词。
如：①I
don't
think
(that)
he
will
come.
我认为他不会来。
②I
don't
believe
(that)
he
will
succeed
in
the
exam.
我认为他考试不会成功。
③I
don't
suppose
that
the
housing
prices
will
go
up.
我认为房价不会上涨了。
④I
don't
imagine
that
he
will
come
to
the
party.
我认为他不会来参加聚会。
(4)这种句型构成反意问句时，附加部分往往与宾语从句中的主谓保持人称和数的一致，而附加问句部分肯定还是否定的选用则与主句相反。如：
I
don't
think
she
can
go
with
you,
can
she?
我认为她不能同你去，是吗？
I
think
you
are
going
to
have
a
good
time
in
the
park,
aren't
you?
我想你们在公园会玩得很愉快的，对吧？
[即学即练]　
1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
①The
mother
likes
saying
________
she
has
a
good
daughter.
②I
was
afraid
________
he
might
fail
his
exam.
2．仿照例子改写句子。
例：It's
going
to
rain
soon.(I
thought)
→I
thought
(that)
it
was
going
to
rain
soon.
③He
often
helps
his
classmates
with
their
English.(All
of
us
know)
→________________________________________________________________________
④He
is
going
to
start
work
at
once.
(The
teacher
said)
→________________________________________________________________________
⑤Li
Lei
has
just
arrived.
(I
heard)
→________________________________________________________________________
⑥Every
step
shows
in
the
snow.
(He
told
the
students)
→________________________________________________________________________
3.in
order
to
do...目的状语
(教材P36)I
think
of
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in,
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas
in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes.
我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找一个可以训练的游泳池而破坏了在法国的家庭假日，因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车开过“禁行”区去和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行而差点错过了我哥哥的婚礼。
通常用in
order
to
do，so
as
to
do表示强调(尤其是在不定式结构前使用否定词not等词时)。注意：to
do，in
order
to
do的位置既可在句首，又可在句中；而so
as
to
do只能在句中。
To
build
a
new
house,
he
bought
some
wood
and
steel.
＝In
order
to
build
a
new
house,
he
bought
some
wood
and
steel.
＝He
bought
some
wood
and
steel
to/in
order
to/so
as
to
build
a
new
house.
为了建造新房，他买来了一些木料和钢材。
知识拓展：
(1)in
order
to
do...可以转化为in
order
that;
so
as
to
do...可以转化为so
that...
如：He
got
up
early
in
order
to/so
as
to
catch
the
early
bus.为了赶早班车，他起得很早。
＝He
got
up
early
in
order
that/so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
bus.
(2)以便让某人做……
＝in
order
to
let
sb.
do...或so
as
to
let
sb.
do...
如：My
mother
gets
up
early
every
morning
to
cook
breakfast
in
order
to/so
as
to
let
me
go
to
school
on
time.＝My
mother
gets
up
early
every
morning
in
order
for
me/so
as
for
me
to
go
to
school
on
time.妈妈每天早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang'e-4
________(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
②The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
________(find)
the
well-known
painter.
③In
order
to
ensure
success
we
must
have
a
complete
and
thorough
plan.
________________________________________________________________________
④We
work
hard
at
English
so
as
to
have
a
good
command
of
it.
________________________________________________________________________
4.强调句式It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
(教材P37)If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争者中脱颖而出。
用法详解　It
is/was...
that/who...强调句型
(1)强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本结构是：It＋is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分。
He
bought
a
book
in
this
shop
yesterday.他昨天在这家店里买了一本书。
→It
was
he
that/who
bought
a
book
in
this
shop
yesterday.
是他昨天在店里买了一本书。(强调主语he)
→It
was
a
book
that
he
bought
in
this
shop
yesterday.
他昨天在店里买的是一本书。(强调宾语a
book)
→It
was
in
this
shop
that
he
bought
a
book
yesterday.
他昨天是在这家店买了一本书。(强调地点状语in
this
shop)
(2)含有not
until...的句子的强调句式：It＋is/was＋not
until...＋that＋其他成分。
He
didn't
go
home
until
he
finished
the
task./Not
until
he
finished
the
task
did
he
go
home.
→It
was
not
until
he
finished
the
task
that
he
went
home.
直到完成工作他才回家。
特别提醒：
①在该强调结构中，It无任何意义，但不可以换成This或者That等。It
is/was和that/who为结构词，去掉后剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句的本质区别。
②当被强调部分指人时，可以用who(被强调部分作主语或宾语时)或者whom(被强调部分作宾语时)代替that。
③原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时，用It
was...
that...。属于表现在的时态时，用It
is...
that...。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
is
what
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
________
matters.
②It
is
the
ability
to
do
the
job
________
matters,
not
where
you
come
from
or
what
you
are.
③It
is
Tom
________
is
to
blame.
④It
was
after
he
got
what
he
had
desired
________
he
realised
it
was
not
so
important.
⑤It
was
on
a
cold
winter
night
________
Tom
was
waiting
for
his
friend
to
see
a
movie
with
him
________
the
accident
occured.
⑥It
was
April
29,
2011
________
Prince
William
and
Kate
Middleton
walked
into
the
palace
hall
of
the
wedding
ceremony.
⑦It
was
not
until
he
went
to
college
________
John
realised
the
importance
of
time.
[词语积累]
①ruin/'ru??n/vt.毁坏，破坏，糟蹋
②skip
/sk?p/
vt.不做(应做的事等)，不参加；vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走
③from
across...从……对面
④be
left
with被留给，剩有
They
are
left
with
nothing.什么也没有留给他们。
⑤defensive/d?'fens?v/
adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防御的，保护的，保卫的
defend
/d?'fend/
vt.
&
vi.防御，保护，保卫；vt.辩解，辩白
defense
n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C，U]防御物，防务，防御能力
⑥element
/'el?m?nt/n.[C]要素，基本部分，典型部分
⑦intensity
/?n'tens?ti/n.[U,
sing.]强烈，紧张，剧烈；[U，C]强度，烈度
⑧on
a
day-to-day/daily
basis按每日一次的标准
day-to-day
adj.按日计划的，逐日的，每天的
basis
n．[sing.]基准，准则，方式；原因，缘由；[C，usually
sing.，U]基础，要素，基点
⑨countless
/'ka?ntl?s/
adj.无数的，数不胜数的，数不尽的(常作前置定语)
⑩hire
a
car租汽车
hire
/'ha??(r)/vt.租用，租借
?triathlete
/tra?'?θli?t/n.[C]铁人三项运动员
?boil
down
to
sth.归结为，基本问题是
?enormous
amount
of大量的
enormous/?'n??m?s/
adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的
?drive
n.
[U]冲劲，干劲，精力
?determination
/d??t??m?'ne??n/n.[U]决心，果断，坚定
determine
vt.决定，决心(做某事)
?stay
in待在室内，不外出
?get
ahead(of
sb.)领先，胜过(某人)，走在(某人的)前面
?length
/le?θ/
n．[C]游泳池长度
?rugby/'r?ɡbi/n.[U]橄榄球运动
?roll在此表示“行动，做”。
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.使自己致力于(做)某事；使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词)
set...apart
from...使……与众不同，使……突出，使……优于……
platform/'pl?tf??m/n.[C]舞台，讲台；站台，月台
be
committed
to＝commit
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.使(自己)致力于；使(自己)承诺(与某人的长期关系)
injured/'?nd??d/
adj.受伤的，有伤的
injure/'?nd??(r)/vt.(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)
injury/'?nd??ri/
n．[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤；[U](对感情的)伤害，挫伤
serious
injury重伤
escape
injury险受伤害
injury
to
the
head/head
injury头部受伤
outstanding
/a?t'st?nd??/adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的；突出的，明显的，重要的
outstanding
player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就
average/'?v?r?d?/
adj.普通的，平常的，一般的
normal
/'n??ml/
adj.正常的，一般的，典型的
Why
do
Olympic
athletes
push
themselves
to
the
limits?
As
one
of
the
Olympic
athletes,
I
miss
birthday
parties,
ruin①
family
holidays
and
skip②
nights
out,
but
there
is
a
very
good
reason
for
giving
up
so
much.
“We're
worried
about
you，”
said
my
friend
from
across③
the
table.
He
was
worried
that
I
had
no
longer
become
fun
to
train
with
and
that
I
was
in
danger
of
being
left
with④
only
a
world
championship
medal
and
no
one
to
share
it
with
【1】．
【1】本句为主从复合句。worried后面包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，and连接两个并列成分only...medal和no
one...with作being
left
with
的宾语，其中不定式短语to
share
it
with作后置定语修饰one。
I
could
have
become
angry
or
defensive⑤.
Don't
they
know
how
hard
it
is
to
be
at
the
top
in
sport
【2】？
Don't
they
know
what
it
takes
to
get
there?
However,
deep
down
I
knew
elements⑥
of
what
he
was
saying
were
right
【3】.
I
was
always
tired
and
every
workout
had
a
mental
intensity⑦
that
seemed
too
much
for
most
to
handle.
I
was
pushing
the
limits
and
extremes
beyond
what
most
thought
were
healthy.
【2】画线部分为how
hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。it在此为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
【3】画线部分为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
These
are
the
fears
I
face
as
a
professional
athlete
on
a
day-to-day
basis⑧.
Who
am
I
doing
this
for?
How
much
is
too
much?
Why
am
I
doing
this?
How
can
I
be
so
selfish?
What
are
the
sacrifices
for?
I
think
of
countless⑨
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
ruining
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
to
train
in
【4】，
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
【5】
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car⑩
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas
in
order
to
do
a
group
ride
with
the
local
triathletes?.
The
list
is
endless.
【4】画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰a
swimming
pool。
【5】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。miss与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。
It
boils
down
to?
this:
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of?
drive?
and
determination?.
From
a
small
girl,
I
would
stay
in?
at
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead?
on
class
work
rather
than
go
out
and
play;
I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
lengths?
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games;
I
was
the
only
girl
in
a
rugby?
club
of
250
boys.
I
have
always
lived
my
life
to
extremes.
Call
it
unhealthy
if
you
want,
but
that
is
the
way
I
roll?，
no
matter
what
it
is
I'm
applying
myself
to
【6】．
【6】本句为并列复合句。but前的分句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句。but后的分句中包含一个no
matter
what引导的让步状语从句，其对应的主句中I
roll为省略了关系副词that的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
different.
If
you
want
to
be
an
Olympic
champion,
it's
all
about
that
little
extra
thing
you
have
done
in
your
preparation
that
will
set
you
apart
from
your
competitors.
Can
this
be
overdone?
Absolutely.
But
if
your
dream
is
to
be
the
best
and
reach
the
winner's
platform，
you
had
better
be
totally
committed
to
your
sport.
In
the
words
of
the
British
triathlete
Alistair
Brownlee,
even
if
it
means
getting
injured
【7】，
“I'd
prefer
to
have
three
or
four
outstanding
years
of
winning
stuff
than
having
ten
years
of
being
average.”
【7】画线部分为even
if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
【8】
sets
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
us
to
the
top.
It
is
certainly
not
a
balanced
way
to
live
【9】
and
it
is
certainly
not
normal
but
those
words
are
generally
not
used
for
anyone
who
is
striving
for
greatness.
【8】画线部分为v.-ing结构作主语，其中what
we
do为what引导的宾语从句作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。
【9】to
live为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词way。
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏阖家度假、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力似乎对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的阖家度假；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。
归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1．The
students
benefiting
most
from
college
are
those
who
are
totally
engaged
in
________
(学术的)life,
taking
full
advantage
of
the
college's
chances
and
resources(资源)．
2．The
stress
and
________(强度)of
the
work
left
little
room
for
personal
grief
or
anxiety.
3．Who
hasn't
received
an
email
so
annoying
that
it
________(毁坏)an
entire
day?
4．The
implication
of
these
results
is
that
to
gain
the
greatest
health
benefits
from
exercise,
it
may
be
wise
to
________
(不做)eating
first.
5．Like
their
parents,
children
are
often
________(戒备的)
about
their
private
lives.
6．A
pocket
dictionary
doesn't
contain
enough
________(条目)．
7．However,
technology
is
also
the
application
of
scientific
knowledge
to
solve
a
problem,
touching
lives
in
________(无数的)ways.
8．The
next
morning
he
________
(租用)
a
boat
and
set
out
to
find
the
well-known
painter.
9．The
water
is
________
(沸腾)
and
is
too
hot.
Pour
it
from
one
cup
to
another
repeatedly
to
cool
it.
10．Vocabulary
is
the
basic
________
(元素)
of
a
language.
Thoughts
and
concepts
are
expressed
through
it.
11．The
loss
of
glaciers
due
to
global
warming
represents
an
________
(巨大的)
threat
to
the
island
states
in
the
world.
12．The
room
he
has
just
rented
is
about
9
metres
in
________
(长度)
and
3
metres
in
width.
13．Talent
shows
can
provide
a
________
(平台)
for
people
who
want
to
stand
in
the
spotlight.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The
old
couple,
accustomed
to
country
life,
were
________
(willing)
to
move
to
the
city
to
live
with
their
son.
2．I
set
up
an
interview
with
her
and
we
discussed
her
project
________
length.
3．People's
lives
can
________
(lengthen)
from
limited
to
unlimited
by
serving
the
society.
4．The
latest
survey
showed
that
many
graduates
ranked
computer
companies
________
their
first
choice
while
hunting
for
jobs.
5．Usually,
it's
impossible
to
operate
a
computer
without
a
mouse,
let
________
surf
the
Internet.
6．In
the
earthquake,
the
large
city
lay
________
ruins
within
terrible
15
seconds.
7．If
you
go
on
drinking
like
this,
one
day
your
family
will
________
(ruin)．
8．Most
obviously,
the
men
displayed
lower
blood
sugar
levels
at
the
start
of
their
workouts
when
they
________
(skip)
breakfast
than
when
they
had
eaten.
9．She
had
to
choose
between
giving
up
her
job
or
________(hire)
a
babysitter.
10．She
runs
________
average
about
15
miles
a
day,
whatever
the
circumstances
and
whatever
the
weather.
11．Since
its
introduction,
the
Beidou
navigation
system
has
been
applied
________
everyday
life,
from
shared
bikes
to
farming.
12．The
increase
of
energy
will
even
make
you
more
willing
________
(exercise),
and
that
will
raise
your
overall
energy
even
more.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1．________________________
(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法)
proves
to
be
practical.(way)
2．It
is
his
constant
desire
to
be
creative
that
____________________
(使他与绝大多数工程师与众不同)．(set...apart
from)
3．Over
the
past
years,
she
____________________
(致力于研究)
ancient
Chinese
architecture.
(apply)
4．The
issue
basically
__________________(归结为)
how
much
it
costs
to
develop
and
maintain
the
software.
5．It
remains
uncertain
when
the
train
service
will
__________________
(恢复正常)after
the
strike.
6．__________________
(无论你喜欢做什么),
there
is
a
way
to
get
involved
in
various
activities
on
Earth
Day.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
I
was
born
with
an
enormous
amount
of
drive
and
1.________
(determine).
From
a
small
girl,
I
would
stay
in
at
lunch
time
just
to
get
ahead
on
class
work
rather
2.________
go
out
and
play.
I
would
get
the
bus
on
my
own
at
ten
years
old
and
go
to
swim
100
3.________
(length)
of
the
pool
while
other
kids
played
pool
games;
I
was
4.________
only
girl
in
a
rugby
club
of
250
boys.
I
have
always
lived
my
life
to
extremes.
I
think
5.________
countless
birthday
parties
and
nights
out
I
have
missed,
6.________
(ruin)
a
family
holiday
in
France
because
of
the
endless
search
for
a
swimming
pool
7.________
(train)
in,
almost
missing
my
brother's
wedding
because
I
was
too
busy
hiring
a
car
in
downtown
Johannesburg
and
driving
through
the
“no-go”
areas.
Being
a
professional
athlete
is
no
8.________
(difference).
Doing
what
we
do
as
athletes
9.________
(set)
us
apart
because
we
are
willing
to
do
that
extra
little
bit
that
might
take
10.________
(we)
to
the
top.
Part
Ⅳ　Lesson
3　Getting
to
the
Top
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．normal　2.average　3.outstanding　4.injured
5．platform　6.apart　7.length　8.enormous　9.boil
10．hire　11.countless　12.element　13.skip　14.ruin
15．academic　16.entry
Ⅱ.
1．normal　2.average　3.outstanding　4.injured
5．platform　6.length　7.boiling　8.enormous　9.hire
10．countless　11.element　12.skips　13.ruined
14．academic　15.entry
Ⅲ.
1．stand
out　2.be
willing
to
do
sth.　3.be
committed
to　
4．apart
from　5.apply
oneself
to　6.on
one's
own　7.stay
in
8．be
born
with　9.boil
down
to
sth.　10.in
order
to
11．be
busy
doing
sth.　12.share...with...　13.in
danger
of　14.no
longer　15.be
left
with　16.give
up　17.push
sb.
to
the
limits
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①ruins　②ruined　③in　④into　⑤destroyed　⑥ruined/destroyed　⑦damaged
2．①against/from　句意为：我们所有的官员都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。defend...against/from...为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。
②defensive　句意为：就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重对自己私生活的保护。此处在句中作表语，应用形容词。
③defence　句意为：我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。④in　句意为：能够提出什么论据来为这个论点辩护呢？in
defence
of为固定搭配，意为“为……辩解/辩护”。
3．①counts　强调句型中强调主语the
courage，故谓语动词应用单数。
②on/upon　考查固定短语count
on/upon，意为“指望；依靠”。
③in　考查固定短语count
sb.
in，意为“把某人计算在内”。
④countless　名词hours前应用形容词修饰，再由句意可知填countless，意为“数不清的；无数的”。
⑤as　考查固定短语count
sb./sth.
as，意为“把某人/某物看作”。
⑥count　此句为谚语。
⑦had
counted
on/upon　考查时态和固定短语，count
on/upon意为“指望；依靠”，That
was
the
frst
time...后的从句中谓语用过去完成时。
⑧who/that
he
can
count
on/upon
4．①length　②depth　③strengthened　④At
length　⑤in
length;
in
width
5．①adj.普通的　②n.平均水平　③link?v.平均为
④above
average　⑤on
average
6．①above
normal　②return
to
normal　③normal
④Ordinary　⑤common　⑥usual
7．①The
scenery
in
this
area
ranks
among
the
best
in
my
country.
②He
is
ranked
as
one
of
the
greatest
pianists
today.
③The
boy
determined
to
become
a
scientist
of
the
first
rank
like
Yuan
Longping.
④She
(was)
ranked
first
in
the
tennis
competition
last
term.
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①down　句意：归根结底的问题是，你是否真的充满信心。
②to　句意：归结起来就是一个机器完成一个操作能有多快。
③staying　句意：我们的选择归结起来就是：留在这里或离开这里。
2．①申请　②应用，使用　③涂(油漆、乳剂)　④努力学习，勤奋工作
⑤to　句意：我们应当把理论运用到实践中去，要不然理论就是无用的。
⑥for　句意：想要申请这个职位的人必须精通英语。
⑦to　句意：你如果专注于你正在处理的工作，很快就会完成它。
⑧doing　句意：近来他一直专心于研究和写论文。
3．①alone　句意：因为一条腿在事故中受伤，他不能走路，更不用说跑了。
②for　句意：这个国家的电量还不够自己用，更别说是出口了。
4．Apart
from/Aside
from
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①to
build　way
to
do
sth.表示“做某事的方法”，故填to
build。
②that/which；that　第一空用that/which引导定语从句，that/which在从句中作主语；第二空引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，因此此处可用that/in
which，也可省略that，但根据语法填空的规则可知，此处应填that。
③I
don't
like
the
way
(that)
you
talk
to
your
mother.或I
don't
like
the
way
in
which
you
talk
to
your
mother.
④how　⑤Whatever　⑥Wherever　⑦No
matter
when
you
come　⑧Wherever
you
go　⑨No
matter
what
the
result
is
2．①that　句意为：这位母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
②that　句意为：我担心他可能无法通过考试。此处引导形容词后的宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
③All
of
us
know
(that)
he
often
helps
his
classmates
with
their
English.
④The
teacher
said
(that)
he
was
going
to
start
work
at
once.
⑤I
heard
(that)
Li
Lei
had
just
arrived.
⑥He
told
the
students
(that)
every
step
shows
in
the
snow.
3．①to
find　句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极—艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use
sth
to.
do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to
find。
②to
find　句意为：第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。结合句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to
find。
③为了确保成功，我们必须要有一个完整且详尽的计划。
④为了掌握好英语，我们在学习英语上下苦功夫。
4．①that　这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What
you
do
rather
than
what
you
say
matters，语义完整。
②that　首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语the
ability
to
do
the
job，所以填that。
③who/that　该句为强调句，被强调的部分为主语Tom，指人，故填who或者that。
④that　该句为强调句，强调时间状语after
he
got
what
he
had
desired。注意这个空不能填when，因为把It
was及设空处删掉之后，整个句子成分完整。
⑤when　
that　第一空引导定语从句，先行词为a
cold
winter
night，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导该从句；将句中的It
was和第二空去掉后，句子成分完整，故该句为强调句，第二空填that。
⑥when　去掉It
was及设空处后，April
29,2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。如果April
29,2011前有介词on，那么则是强调句，就可以填that了。
⑦that　考查not
until在强调句中的用法。句意为：直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．academic　2.intensity　3.ruined　4.skip　5.defensive　6.entries　7.countless　8.hired　9.boiling　10.element　11.enormous　12.length　13.platform
Ⅱ.
1．unwilling　2.at　3.be
lengthened　4.as　5.alone　6.in　7.be
ruined　8.had
skipped　9.hiring　10.on　11.to
12．to
exercise
Ⅲ.
1．The
way(which/that)
I
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
2．sets
him
apart
from
most
engineers
3．has
applied
herself
to
studying
4．boils
down
to
5．return
to
normal
6．Whatever/No
matter
what
you
like
to
do
Ⅳ.
1．determination　2.than　3.lengths　4.the　5.of
6．ruining　7.to
train　8.different　9.sets　10.usUnit
2
Success
Part
Ⅴ　Writing
Workshop,
Viewing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
【学习目标】
话题语境
人与自我之“生命的意义与价值”的探讨
课时词汇
recognise,
contribute
常用短语
take
on
challenges,
retire
from,
commitment
to
sth.,
under
one's
leadership
重点句式
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句
(2)not
only...but
also....
单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________________
n.
收入；收益
2．________________
n.
进入许可；入口
3．________________
n.
设计师，设计者
4．________________
n.
时尚
5．________________
n.
嫌弃；拒绝接受
6．________________
vt.
创立；创建
7．________________
n.
相信；信任
8．________________
n.
推荐信；谈到，提及
9．________________
adv.
向前
10．________________
adj.
先进的；高级的；晚期的
11．________________
n.
奉献；忠心
12．________________
vi.
退休；退职
13．________________
n.
方式，特点
14．________________
v.
捐献；促成
15．________________
adj.
公认的；经过检验的
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．Tourism
is
a
major
source
of
________
(收入)
for
the
area.
2．Her
________(晋升)
to
Sales
Manager
took
everyone
by
surprise.
3．I
wonder
how
these
________(设计师)
came
up
with
all
these
great
ideas.
4．Long
skirts
have
come
into
________(时尚)
again.
5．The
Independent
Labour
Party
________(成立)
in
Bradford
on
January
13,1893.
6．The
British
government
is
expected
to
________(拒绝)
the
idea
of
building
a
new
high-speed
railway.
7．She
began
to
lose
________(信任)
in
herself
after
several
failures.
8．She
made
no
________
(谈到)
to
her
illness
but
only
to
her
future
plans.
9．He
c________
in
the
street
and
died
two
hours
later.
10．They
ran
f________
to
welcome
her.
11．He
introduced
a________
technology
and
management
into
China.
12．As
a
soldier,
he
showed
selfless
d________
to
duty.
13．She
was
forced
to
r________
early
from
teaching
because
of
ill
health.
14．We
c________
￡5,000
to
the
earthquake
fund.
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语
1．提出；想出
________________
2．阻止某人做某事
________________
3．跳过某人
________________
4．做演讲
________________
5．迫切需要
________________
6．被诊断为
________________
7．付出代价
________________
8．从事
________________
9．参加
________________
10．从……退休
________________
11．接受；同……较量
________________
12．一系列，一连串
________________
13．获得……的名声
________________
14．贡献，捐献
________________
?第一版块：重点单词
1.recognise
vt.认可；承认；辨认出
(教材P40)Lang
Ping
is
one
of
China's
most
recognised
athletes.
郎平是中国最受认可的运动员之一。
recognise
sb./sth.(by/from
sb./sth.)
(从某人/某物)认出/辨别出某人/某物
recognise
sb./sth.
as/to
be...
承认，认可某人/某物为……
be
recognised
as...
被公认为/承认是……
recognise
that...
承认……；意识到……
it
is
recognised
that...
人们意识到……
?We
recognized
that
Kurt
wasn't
just
trying
to
make
a
sale.
He
was
offering
a
way
for
us
to
change
our
lives
and
achieve
our
dreams.
我们承认库尔特不仅仅是要做一笔买卖。他是在给我们提供一种改变生活和实现梦想的方法。
?Environmental
pollution
is
recognised
to
have
become
one
of
the
most
serious
problems
that
people
face.
人们认为环境污染已经成为人类面临的最严重的问题之一。
?It
is
recognised
that
he
is
a
pioneer
in
this
field.
他被公认为这个领域的先驱。
recognition
n．认识；认出；识别；认可
beyond/out
of
(all)
recognition认不出；无法辨认；面目全非
After
25
years
the
town
centre
had
changed
beyond
all
recognition.
25年过去了，市中心已经变得认不出来了。
Sometimes
I
wonder
if
I've
changed
so
much,
my
wife
is
even
gonna
recognise
me
whenever
it
is
I
get
back
to
her.
有时我又在怀疑我是否变了很多，因为无论我什么时候回到我妻子身边，她都能认出我来。——《拯救大兵瑞恩》
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It
________
(recognise)
that
by
the
year
2022
our
village
will
have
changed
beyond
________
(recognise)．
②English
language
is
recognised
________
a
second
official
language.
③He
is
recognised
________
(be)
their
natural
leader.
④I
haven't
seen
Sara
since
she
was
a
little
girl,
and
she
has
changed
________
recognition.
2.contribute
v．捐献；促成
(教材P40)She
has
been
a
volleyball
star
for
more
than
thirty-five
years
and
has
contributed
greatly
to
the
sport,
which
has
made
her
the
most
popular
figure
in
China's
volleyball
history.
她做排球选手已经超过35年了，对这项运动做出的巨大贡献使她成了中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。
contribute...
to...
为……做……贡献；为……奉献出……
contribute
to
向……捐助；促成；导致；向……投稿
?Located
where
the
Belt
meets
the
Road,
Jiangsu
will
contribute
more
to
the
Belt
and
Road
construction.
江苏省坐落于一带一路的交汇处，将为一带一路建设做出更大贡献。
?3D
food
printing
could
probably
contribute
to
the
solution.
3D食品打印或许会有助于解决问题。
?I
believe
that
each
of
us
can
contribute
to
the
future
of
the
world.
我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
?Alcohol
contributes
to
100,000
deaths
a
year
in
the
US.
在美国，饮酒每年造成10万人死亡。
同义词
donate
v．捐赠；捐献
联想词
①contribution
n．[C]贡献；稿件；捐款[U]捐献；捐助
make
a
contribution
to对……做贡献
He
has
made
an
important
contribution
to
the
company's
success.
他对公司的成功做出了重要贡献。
②contributor
n．[C]捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①She
began
to
host
“Big
Bosses”
lunches,
where
she
would
try
to
persuade
local
business
leaders
to
contribute
________
the
cause.
②The
young
population
of
a
nation
are
the
people
________
(contribute)
most
to
a
country's
economic
development.
③Her
________
(contribute)
to
the
research
went
largely
unacknowledged.
④All
________
(contribute),
however
small,
will
be
greatly
appreciated.
3.participate
vt.参加；参与
participate
with
sb.
in
sth.
同某人一起参与某事
participate
in
sth./doing
sth.
参与某事/做某事
participation
n.
[U]参加；参与
participant
n.
[C]参与者；参加者
易混辨析：
(1)attend正式用语，一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等
(2)join常用词，作及物动词时，通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是the
army/party/team/club或sb.等
(3)join
in参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于join
in(doing)
sth./join
sb.
in
(doing)
sth结构中
(4)participate
in正式用语，表示参加、参与，强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加
(5)take
part
in指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用；part前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词，如take
(an
active)
part
in
school
activities
[即学即练]
1．用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
join，
join
in，
take
part
in，
attend
①At
the
age
of
eight,
he
____________
a
group
of
child-dancers.
②The
children
____________
the
English
Evening
and
had
a
good
time.
③He
didn't
____________
school
yesterday
because
of
his
illness.
④Zhou
Enlai
____________
the
student
movements
actively
when
he
was
at
school.
2．在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
⑤Encouraged
by
the
teacher,
the
____________
actively
____________
in
the
English
speech
contest.
Their
____________
inspired
the
rest
of
the
class
to
study
hard.
(participate)
3．写作升级(用part短语改写)
⑥She
actively
participated
in
local
politics.
→________________________________________________________________________
4．faith
n．[U]相信；信任；[近义词]belief
n．[U]相信；信心
keep
faith
with
sb.
对某人守信用
break
faith
with
sb.
对某人不守信用
in
good
faith
真诚；诚心诚意
have
faith
in
sb./sth.
相信某人/某事
lose
faith
in...
失去对……的信任
[即学即练]　
1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词
①Do
you
have
any
faith
________
what
be
says?
②I
have
great
faith
________
you—I
know
you'll
do
well.
2．选词填空(faith/belief)
③We've
lost
________
in
the
government's
promises.
④There
is
nothing
more
natural
than
a
child's
________
in
his
parents.
5.fashion
n．[C，U]时尚
fashionable
adj.流行的；时尚的；时髦的
come
into
fashion
流行；开始风行
follow
the
fashion
赶时髦；追随时尚
in
fashion
(在)流行的
out
of
fashion
过时的；不流行的
典型例句：
(1)I
have
faith
in
your
ability.我相信你的能力。
(2)He
is
my
best
friend.
I
have
faith
in
him.他是我最好的朋友，我相信他。
(3)Sometimes
life
hits
you
in
the
head
with
a
brick.
Don't
lose
faith.有时候生活给你迎头一击，不要失去信心。
(4)You
should
keep
your
faith
with
us
and
it's
a
shame
to
break
your
faith
with
others.你应遵守与我们的诺言；违背与他人的诺言是可耻的。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①为赶时髦她花费了不少钱。
She
spends
a
lot
of
money
__________________.
②西方国家的教堂婚礼仪式，如今也在中国流行起来了。
The
church
wedding
ceremony
as
performed
in
the
West
has
now
________________
in
China,
too.
③她戴着一顶完全过时的帽子。
She
wore
a
hat
quite
________________.
④这些牛仔裤现在在日本很流行。
These
jeans
are
________________
in
Japan
now.
?第二版块：重点短语
1.further
one's
studies
深造
further
one's
career
推进某人的事业
(教材P43)As
a
keen
and
able
student,
Huang
went
to
the
UK
in
1993
to
further
his
studies.
黄大年聪明好学，1993年赴英国留学深造。
further是far的比较级形式，此处是further的动词用法，意为：促进；增进。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
is
going
to
engage
more
scientists
to
________
(far)
his
research
item.
②He
went
to
America
to
____________
(far)
his
studies.
2.approach
a
place/sb.接近/走近某地/人；与某人打交道；approach
sth.着手处理某事
(教材P43)Huang
was
approached
to
participate
in
the
“Thousand
Talent”
programme.
黄大年被邀请参加“千人计划”。
approach
sb.
to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
approach
sb.
about
(doing)
sth.
就(做)某事与某人接洽
approach
sb.(about/for
sth.)
(就某事)与某人接洽
sb.
is
easy
to
approach
某人平易近人
approach
sth.
as
a
scientist
从一科学家角度来处理某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He
approached
the
bank
manager
________
a
loan.
②He
is
hard
________
approach.
③The
winter
is
________；
we
should
prepare
for
it.
④I'm
going
to
approach
the
manager
________
the
raise
of
my
pay.
教师提示：
形容词比较级用作动词是很少的情况。常见的有further,
better和lower这几个。如：
①
②
③
3．pay
a/the
price
for
(doing)
sth.为(做)某事付出代价
(教材P43)Huang's
health
also
paid
the
price
for
his
commitment
to
his
work.
黄大年为工作付出了(失去)健康的代价。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Let's
pay
the
price
________
our
beautiful
future!
②One
day
you'll
pay
the
price
________
your
selfish
behaviour.
4．be
diagnosed
with...被诊断患有……病
(教材P43)In
November
2016,
Huang
collapsed
and
was
taken
to
hospital,
where
he
was
diagnosed
with
cancer.
2016年11月，黄大年病倒，被送往医院，在那里他被确诊癌症。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Yesterday
he
was
sent
to
hospital
and
was
________(diagnose)
with
heart
failure.
②医生诊断出麻疹。
The
doctor
________
measles.
③医生诊断该肿瘤为良性的。
The
doctor
diagnosed
the
tumour
________
benign.
教师提示：
approach
vt.
(1)[C]方法，方式；态度(＋to)
I
like
her
approach
to
the
problem.
我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
(2)[U]接近；靠近(of)
Snow
announced
the
approach
of
winter.雪宣告了冬季的来临。
(3)[C]通道；入口(＋to)
All
the
approaches
to
the
city
were
blocked.所有进城的通道都被封住了。
?第三版块：典型句式
1．which引导的非限制性定语从句
(教材P40)She
has
been
a
volleyball
star
for
more
than
thirty-five
years
and
has
contributed
greatly
to
the
sport,
which
has
made
her
the
most
popular
figure
in
China's
volleyball
history.
她做排球选手已经超过35年了，对这项运动做出的巨大贡献使她成了中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。
　　　　
which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which一般用于指物，可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，其先行词可以是名词、代词，也可以是名词性短语或整个主句。
?My
friends
invited
me
to
a
barbecue
last
weekend,
which
was
really
very
exciting.
我的朋友们上周末邀请我去烧烤，这真是太令人兴奋了。(which指代前面主句，在从句中作主语)
?Bella,
who
is
always
cheerful,
creates
a
friendly
working
atmosphere
in
her
office
every
day,
which
her
colleagues
find
pleasant
and
relaxing.
贝拉总是很开朗，每天在她的办公室里营造出一种友好的工作氛围，她的同事们觉得这样的氛围轻松愉快。(which指代主句中的名词短语working
atmosphere，在从句中作find的宾语)
名师点津：
在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词which可代表先行词，也可代表先行句在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。另外关系代词as也可代表先行词或先行句在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，但需要注which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句后边，不能放在句首，而as引导的非限定性定语从句既可置于句中、句末，也可置于句首。
[即学即练]　
1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词
①The
fruits
had
better
be
put
into
the
refrigerator,
________
will
be
preserved
for
several
days.
②The
man
made
another
discovery,
________
I
think
is
of
great
importance
to
science.
2．用which引导的非限制性定语从句翻译句子，并指出which指代的内容。
③承诺减税的政府将大受欢迎。
________________________________________________________________________
④他是个除数学之外各科都优秀的优等生，数学是他的短处。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤这座博物馆在一年内就建成了，这简直令人难以置信。
________________________________________________________________________
2.not
only...
but
also...
(教材P40)She
is
loved
not
only
because
of
her
devotion
to
her
career,
but
also
because
of
her
huge
influence
on
the
sport
of
volleyball.
她之所以受到人们的喜爱，不仅是因为她对自己职业的热爱，还因为她对排球运动的巨大影响。
not
only...
but
also...意为“不但……而且……”，注意以下用法：
(1)主要用于连接两个并列的成分；若连接并列主语，谓语动词的数与邻近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
(2)not
only...
but
also...中的also位置灵活，通常可以省略，或换成too，as
well，但要置于句末；有时but或also可以省略。
?She
likes
not
only
music
but
also
sport.
她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。(连接并列宾语)
?The
place
was
not
only
cold，but
also
damp.
那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。(连接并列表语)
?Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
teacher
is
enjoying
the
film.
不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。(连接并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则)
?He
not
only
washed
the
car,
but
polished
it
too/as
well.
他不仅冲洗了汽车，而且还擦拭了它。
?For
many
students,
Wilson's
help
is
not
only
appreciated,
it's
also
entirely
necessary
for
them
to
be
able
to
complete
their
college
education.
对许多学生来说，威尔逊的帮助不仅值得赞赏，而且对他们顺利完成大学教育也是很必要的。
特别注意
为了表示强调，可将not
only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy,
but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not
only
I
but
also
my
sister
________
(enjoy)
the
journey
very
much
although
it
rains
unexpectedly.
②He
not
only
________(help)
his
own
family
but
also
gave
a
helping
hand
to
many
other
men
less
fortunate
than
himself.
③Not
only
the
people
of
our
nation,
________
all
the
people
of
the
world
have
profited
from
his
work.
④Not
only
________
they
need
clothing,
but
they
are
also
short
of
water.
⑤做早操不仅对你的健康有好处，而且可以提高你的学习成绩。
Not
only
________
doing
morning
exercises
____________
your
health，____________
it
____________
your
academic
achievements.
⑥他不仅有工作经验而且乐于指导年轻工人。
Not
only
____________
have
working
experience,
but
also
he
________________
instruct
young
workers.
?第四版块：写作专题——人物传记类写作
[素材储备]
1．文体介绍
人物传记类文章，是围绕人物的主要经历、事迹、成就或贡献以及对该人物的评价而展开的文章。文章通常以时间顺序进行叙述，可以使用一般过去时或一般现在时。
2．篇章结构
人物传记类文章可分为三大部分：
(1)第一部分：导入话题——人物基本信息介绍；
(2)第二部分：中心内容——人物重要的生活经历以及取得的成就；
(3)第三部分：总结全文——对文章所述人物进行评价。
3．常用表达
(1)介绍人物基本信息的常用表达
...was
born
in...
and
grew
up...……出生于……，在……长大。
At
the
age
of...在……岁的时候
...graduated
from...
and
then...……毕业于……，然后……
After
graduation，...became
a(n)
.../worked
in...毕业后，……成为……/在……工作。
He/She
liked...
and
devoted
his/her
spare
time
to...他/她喜爱……，把业余时间都用来……
(2)介绍人物成就及贡献的常用表达
...is
famous
as...……作为……而出名。
...was
awarded...for...……因……被授予……
...made
a
great
contribution
to...……对……做出了重大贡献。
...is
one
of
the
most
famous...
in
China/in
the
world.……是中国/世界上最著名的……之一。
There
is
no
doubt
that
he/she
is
one
of
the
greatest...毫无疑问，他/她是最伟大的……之一。
His/Her
works
are
popular
around
the
world,
such
as...他的/她的作品风靡世界，比如……
…set
a
great
example
to
all
of
us.……为我们所有人树立了好榜样。
We
are
deeply
impressed
by...我们对……印象深刻。
[模拟演练]
假定你是李华，你校校刊英语栏目展开以“A
Man/Woman
of
Achievement”为题的征文活动，你打算介绍屠呦呦，请根据以下提示撰稿应征：
1．人物基本信息；
2．敬佩该人物的理由；
3．该人物对你的影响。
注意：
1．词数80左右：
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
请总结你学到的有用表达：
[高级词汇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[高级句式]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[词语积累]
①further
vt.促进，增进
further
one's
studies/career深造/推进某人的事业
②leading
experts一流的专家
leading
adj.最重要的，一流的
③approach/?'pr??t?/
vt.接洽，建议，要求
approach
sb.to
do
sth.要求某人做某事
approach
sb.(about/for
sth.)(就某事)与某人接洽
approach
sb.
about
(doing)
sth.就(做)某事与某人接洽
④advanced
/?d'vɑ?nst/
adj.先进的；高级的，高等的
the
advanced
stages
of
the
disease疾病晚期
⑤pay
a/the
price
for(doing)
sth.为(做)某事付出代价
⑥collapse
/k?'l?ps/
vi.(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒；(突然)倒塌，坍塌
⑦be
diagnosed
with被诊断患有
⑧letters
of
reference推荐信reference
/'refr?ns/
n．[C]推荐信；[C，U]说到(或写到)的事，提到，谈及
⑨have
faith
in相信……，对……有信心
faith
/fe?θ/
n．[U]信任，相信，信心
⑩up-and-coming
adj.有前途的，前程似锦的
?in
urgent
need
of迫切需要
urgent/'??d??nt/
adj.紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
CONTRIBUTION
AND
SACRIFICE
Huang
Danian,
the
renowned
Chinese
geophysicist,
was
born
in
1958
in
Guangxi,
China.
As
a
keen
and
able
student,
Huang
went
to
the
UK
in
1993
to
further①
his
studies.
By
the
time
Huang
moved
back
to
China
in
2008,
he
had
been
living
and
working
in
the
UK
for
15
years.
He
had
a
good
job
and
a
life
there,
but
he
gave
it
all
up
to
return
to
home,
driven
by
the
idea
that
he
needed
to
contribute
to
his
country【1】.
As
one
of
the
world's
leading
experts②
in
deep
earth
exploration
technology,
Huang
was
approached③
to
participate
in
the
“Thousand
Talent”
programme.
He
took
up
a
position
at
Jilin
University,
Changchun.
【1】画线部分为过去分词结构作状语，drive与其逻辑主语he之间为动宾关系。that在此引导同位语从句，解释说明the
idea的具体内容。
Huang
was
named
lead
scientist
on
China's
deep
earth
exploration
programme,
developing
advanced④
cameras
that
can
see
through
the
Earth's
crust
so
that
it
can
be
analysed
without
having
to
dig
into
it【2】.
He
set
up
a
state-of-the-art
lab,
sometimes
paying
for
equipment
with
his
own
money.
Some
described
him
as
a
“lunatic”
(a
madman),
but
this
passion
and
drive
enabled
Huang
to
propel
China's
deep
earth
exploration
technology
into
a
world-leading
position.
Huang's
dedication
contributed
to
China's
lunar
probe
Yutu
being
landed
on
the
moon
in
2013
and
the
launch
of
the
spacecrafts
Shenzhou-11
and
Tiangong-2
in
2016.
【2】画线部分为现在分词结构作状语。that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词cameras；so
that在此引导目的状语从句。
Huang's
health
also
paid
the
price
for⑤
his
commitment
to
his
work.
He
began
having
fainting
fits
in
2012,
but
paid
them
little
attention,
stating
he
did
not
have
time
to
go
to
see
a
doctor—his
work
always
came
first
【3】.
In
November
2016,
Huang
collapsed⑥
and
was
taken
to
hospital,
where
he
was
diagnosed
with⑦
cancer.
The
disease
was
so
advanced
that
he
had
just
a
couple
of
months
to
live.
【3】画线部分为现在分词结构作伴随状语。
Like
the
true
scientist
he
was,
Huang
never
gave
up,
but
always
tried
to
push
forwards.
Even
from
his
hospital
bed,
he
continued
his
work,
writing
letters
of
reference⑧
for
his
colleagues
and
replying
to
questions
from
his
students.
He
had
great
faith
in⑨
the
talent
of
the
up-and-coming⑩
generation.
“Our
country
is
in
urgent
need
of?
talented
people，”
he
said.
“If
we
spend
more
time
and
pay
more
attention
to
the
young,
masters
and
even
Nobel
prize
winners
may
rise
among
them.”
Huang
died
in
January
2017,
aged
just
58.
More
than
800
people
attended
his
funeral
to
celebrate
a
life
that
burned
so
bright,
but
was
so
short.
中国著名地球物理学家黄大年1958年出生于中国广西。黄大年聪明好学，1993年赴英国留学深造。
至2008年黄大年回到中国时，他已在英国生活和工作了15年。他在那儿工作稳定，生活优裕，但他为了回国放弃了一切，他认为自己要为国家作出贡献。作为世界一流的地球深部探测技术专家之一，黄大年被邀请参加“千人计划”，并在长春的吉林大学任职。
黄大年被任命为中国地球深部探测项目的首席科学家，开发可以透视地壳的先进照相机，这样，不用掘入地壳就可以分析它。他建立了最先进的实验室，有时会自掏腰包采购设备。有人说他是个“疯子”，但这种激情和动力让黄大年将中国的地球深部探测技术推向了世界领先地位。黄大年为2013年月球探测器“玉兔”的登月以及2016年“神舟十一号”和“天宫二号”的发射作出了卓著贡献。黄大年为工作付出了(失去)健康的代价。2012年，他开始出现昏厥，但他没有太在意，说自己没有时间去看医生——他的工作总是排在第一位。2016年11月，黄大年病倒，被送往医院，在那里被确诊癌症。癌症已是晚期，他只有几个月的生命了。
像真正的科学家一样，黄大年从不放弃，而是努力向前。即使在病床上，他也继续工作，为同事写推荐信，回复学生的问题。他坚信这一代人才华横溢，大有前途。“我们的国家急需人才，”他说。“如果我们在年轻人身上投入更多的时间，给予他们更多的关注，专家甚至诺贝尔奖获得者可能就出现在他们中间。”
黄大年于2017年1月去世，年仅58岁。800多人参加了他的葬礼，纪念他燃烧得如此明亮，却又如此短暂的一生。
[词语积累]
①no
other
way别无他法；没有别的出路
②discipline/'drs?pl?n/
n．[U]自制力，遵守纪律
vt.惩罚，处罚
③co-found共同创建
found
/fa?nd/
vt.创建，创办(组织或机构，尤指提供资金)
【构词法】前缀co-表示“和……一起；共同”。
【学以致用】猜测下列单词的含义：
co-produced
________
co-author
________
④rejection/r?'d?ek?n/
n．[C，U]拒绝，否决
⑤replace
vt.代替，取代
⑥lay
the
groundwork(for...)(为……)做准备工作
⑦fashion
designer时装设计师fashion
/'f??n/
n．[U]时装业；[U，C](衣服、发式等的)流行款式，时兴式样；[C](行为、活动等的)时尚，时兴
come
into
fashion时兴
in
fashion流行
out
of
fashion过时
designer
/d?'za?n?(r)/n.[C]设计者，构思者
⑧straightforward
/?stre?t'f??w?d/
adj.简单的，易懂的，不复杂的；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的
⑨bitterly
disappointed极其失望
bitterly
/'b?t?li/
adv.极其，非常；伤心地，愤怒地
⑩assistant
/?'s?st?nt/
adj.助理的，副的
n．[C]助理，助手
?pass
over
sb.(考虑提职等时)跳过某人
pass
over
sth.避免提及(或考虑)
?promotion
/pr?'m???n/
n．[U，C]提升，提拔，晋升
promote
vt.提升，晋升；促进，推动
?bridal
/'bra?dl/
adj.新娘的，婚礼的
?the
college
entrance
examination高考
entrance/'entr?ns/
n．[U](俱乐部，社团、大学等的)准许加入，进入许可；[C]大门(口)
?major
n．[C]主修课程，专业课
vi.以……为专业
major
in...主修……
?direct
a
film执导电影
?income
/'?nk?m/
n．[C，U]收入，收益，所得
high/low
incomes高/低收入
?pay
off成功，奏效，达到目的
?share/have
sth.
in
common有共同之处
?put
simply/to
put
it
simply简单地说
to
put
it
mildly婉转地说
to
put
it
another
way换个说法
stick
with持续，坚持
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
FAILURE
When
the
world-famous
author
J.
K.
Rowling
gave
a
speech
at
a
Harvard
University
graduation
ceremony,
some
may
have
been
a
little
surprised
by
the
topic
she
chose：“The
Benefits
of
Failure”．
Rowling's
first
novel
was
rejected
by
12
publishers
before
it
was
finally
published,
yet
paradoxically,
it
was
this
experience
that
helped
her
to
succeed【1】：
“Failure
taught
me
things
about
myself
that
I
could
have
learnt
no
other
way①.
I
discovered
that
I
had
a
strong
will,
and
more
discipline②
than
I
had
expected.”
【1】画线部分为强调句，强调主语this
experience。
The
late
Apple
CEO
Steve
Jobs
experienced
failure
early
in
his
career,
when
he
was
fired
from
the
company
he
had
co-founded③.
He
felt
despair
and
rejection④.
However,
it
was,
in
his
view,
“the
best
thing
that
could
have
ever
happened
to
me.
The
heaviness
of
being
successful
was
replaced⑤
by
the
lightness
of
being
a
beginner
again,
less
sure
about
everything.
It
freed
me
to
enter
one
of
the
most
creative
periods
in
my
life.”
Even
Bill
Gates
has
experienced
failure.
His
first
company
was
called
Traf-O-Data,
but
unfortunately,
its
product
didn't
work.
It
was
a
total
disaster.
But
what
Gates
learnt
from
this
experience
helped
lay
the
groundwork
for⑥
the
global
success
that
is
now
Microsoft.
【2】
He
didn't
make
the
same
mistake
twice.
【2】本句为主从复合句。what在此引导主语从句，同时在该从句中作learnt的宾语。that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词success。
Talented
fashion
designer⑦
Vera
Wang
has
built
a
global
fashion
empire,
yet
life
wasn't
always
so
straightforward⑧.
A
dedicated
ice
skater
as
a
young
woman,
Wang
was
bitterly
disappointed⑨
when
she
did
not
make
the
1968
US
Olympic
team.
She
gave
up
sport
and
joined
Vogue
as
an
assistant⑩
editor,
but
was
crushed.
After
15
years
at
the
magazine,
she
was
passed
over?
for
promotion?
to
editor-in-chief.
However,
this
setback
prompted
her
to
set
up
her
own
bridal?
fashion
label.
The
rest
is
history.
Ang
Lee,
a
worldwide-famous
director,
wasn't
successful
either
as
a
student
or
as
an
actor.
Twice
failing
the
college
entrance
examination?
at
home【3】，
Lee
turned
to
study
drama
in
the
US,
but
his
poor
English
prevented
him
from
becoming
an
actor.
After
being
accepted
for
a
directing
major?，
Lee
spent
six
years
looking
for
opportunities
to
direct
a
film?，
but
was
only
asked
to
look
after
filming
equipment.
He
then
spent
most
of
his
time
writing
plays
which
were
rejected
by
more
than
30
companies
within
two
weeks.
During
six
years
with
no
income?，
he
had
to
depend
on
his
wife.
In
the
end,
with
his
wife's
encouragement
and
his
determination,
all
his
efforts
finally
paid
off?.
【3】画线部分为现在分词短语作原因状语，fail与其逻辑主语Lee之间为主谓关系。
All
these
individuals
share
something
in
common?：
At
tough
moments
in
their
lives,
they
showed
grit.
But
what
is
“grit”
exactly?
Put
simply?，
it's
a
passion
for
something
and
the
determination
to
work
hard
and
to
stick
with
it.
It's
very
easy
to
give
up
when
we
hit
setbacks,
but
people
who
have
grit
keep
going.
So,
how
can
we
become
“grittier”？
This
is
where
the
importance
of
failure
comes
in:
If
we
can
learn
how
to
manage
failure,
we'll
learn
how
to
succeed.
By
working
through
a
series
of
failures,
we're
better
prepared
for
the
bigger
challenges
we'll
face
in
the
adult
world:
We'll
have
the
resilience
we
need
to
keep
going.
We'll
have
true
grit.
世界著名作家J.K.罗琳在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲时，有些人可能会对她选择的话题——“失败的好处”感到有点惊讶。
罗琳的第一部小说在最终出版前遭到12家出版商的拒绝，然而矛盾的是，正是这一经历帮助她取得了成功：“失败教我更了解自己，这是我用其他方法学不到的。我发现我有坚强的意志，而且比我预想的还要自律。”
已故的苹果公司首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯在其职业生涯早期经历过失败，当时，他被自己参与创建的公司解雇。他体验到了绝望和被拒绝的滋味。然而，在他看来，这是“发生在我身上最好的事情。成功的重担被再次成为新手的轻松取代，一切都是不确定的。它解放了我，让我进入了人生中最有创造力的时期之一。”
就连比尔·盖茨也经历过失败。他的第一家公司叫Traf-O-Data，但不幸的是，其产品销路不佳。那完全是场灾难。但盖茨从这次经历中学到的东西为他获得全球性的成功——现在的Microsoft——奠定了基础。他没有再犯相同的错误。
才华横溢的时装设计师王薇薇建立了全球时装帝国，但她的生活也不总是一帆风顺的。作为一名专心致志的年轻女子滑冰运动员，王薇薇没能入选1968年的美国奥运代表队，这让她非常失望。她放弃了运动，加入《Vogue》做助理编辑，却遭遇打击。她在该杂志工作15年后，没有被提升为总编。然而，这一挫折促使她建立了自己的新娘时尚品牌。接下来的事大家都知道了。
世界著名导演李安，无论是当学生还是当演员时，他都不成功。在国内两次高考失利后，李安前往美国学习戏剧，但他的英语很差，这使他没能成为演员。被导演专业录取后，李安花了六年时间寻找执导电影的机会，却只得到看守拍摄设备的工作。然后他花了大部分时间写剧本，这些剧本在两周内又被30多家公司拒绝。没有收入的六年里，他不得不依靠妻子。最后，凭着妻子的鼓励和他自己的决心，他所有的努力终于带来了成功。
所有这些人都有个共同点：在他们生活中艰难的时刻，他们表现出了毅力。但是，到底什么是“毅力”？简而言之，它是对事业的热情，以及努力工作并坚持下去的决心。当我们遇到挫折时，我们很容易放弃，但有毅力的人则会坚持下去。
那么，如何才能变得“更有毅力”？这就是失败的重要之处：如果我们能学会如何应对失败，我们就能学会如何成功。通过克服一系列失败，我们将准备得更充分，以迎接成人世界中的更大挑战：我们将获得继续前进所需的韧性。我们会获得真正的毅力。
Ⅰ.句子仿写：根据例句和中文提示仿写句子
1．【例句】She
has
been
a
volleyball
star
for
more
than
thirty－five
years
and
has
contributed
greatly
to
the
sport,
which
has
made
her
the
most
popular
figure
in
China's
volleyball
history.
【仿句】他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．【例句】Huang
Danian,
the
renowned
Chinese
geophysicist,
was
born
in
1958
in
Guangxi,
China.
【仿句】我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．【例句】The
disease
was
so
advanced
that
he
had
just
a
couple
of
months
to
live.
【仿句】这个故事如此有趣以至于我想再读一遍。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．【例句】An
Lee,
a
worldwide-famous
director,
wasn't
successful
either
as
a
student
or
as
an
actor.
【仿句】那个女孩高兴时，不是唱歌就是跳舞。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．【例句】After
being
accepted
for
a
directing
major,
Lee
spent
six
years
looking
for
opportunities
to
direct
a
film.
【仿句】建这座桥花了他们两年时间。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
Lang
Ping
is
one
of
China's
most
recognised
1.________
(athlete).
She
has
been
a
volleyball
star
for
more
than
thirty-five
years
and
2.________
(contribute)
greatly
to
the
sport，which
has
made
her
the
most
popular
figure
in
China's
volleyball
history.
Lang
Ping
played
on
China's
national
volleyball
team
during
the
1980s.
Her
strong
and
3.________
(power)
playing
style
earned
her
the
name
“Iron
Hammer”.
Lang
was
a
member
of
the
team
when
they
4.________
(achieve)
a
series
of
success
5.________
(include)
gold
medals
at
the
1984
Olympics,
the
1982
World
Championship
and
the
1981
and
1985
World
Cups.
Lang
Ping
became
a
star
in
China
because
of
her
success,
her
positive
attitude
and
her
ability
6.________
(take)
on
challenges.
After
retiring
7.________
an
athlete
in
1980,
she
has
been
successful
as
a
volleyball
coach
in
the
United
States
and
Italy.
In
1995,
she
returned
to
become
8.________
coach
of
the
women's
national
team
when
the
team
9.________
(struggle).
Under
her
leadership,
the
team
came
back
to
the
top,
winning
the
2015
World
Cup.
She
is
loved
not
only
because
of
her
devotion
to
her
career,
10.________
also
because
of
her
influence
on
the
sport
of
volleyball.
Ⅲ.写作练习
马克·吐温(Mark
Twain)是美国著名作家。请根据以下要点写一篇人物简介：
1．马克·吐温(1835～1910)生于美国密苏里州(Missouri)，是19世纪最著名的美国作家之一。
2．他的家乡位于密西西比河河畔，他曾在密西西比河的船上当过水手。
3．他写过多部小说，其中最著名的包括《汤姆·索亚历险记》。他的许多作品被译成多国文字，深受全世界读者的喜爱。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：密西西比河the
Mississippi
River
《汤姆·索亚历险记》The
Adventures
of
Tom
Sawyer
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Part
Ⅴ　Writing
Workshop,
Viewing
Workshop
&
Reading
Club
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．income　2.entrance　3.designer　4.fashion　5.rejection
6．found　7.faith　8.reference　9.forwards　10.advanced
11．devotion　12.retire　13.style　14.contribute　15.recognised
Ⅱ.
1．income　2.promotion　3.designers　4.fashion　5.was
founded　6.reject　7.faith　8.reference　9.collapsed
10．forwards　11.advanced　12.devotion　13.retire　14.contributed
Ⅲ.
1．come
up
with　2.prevent
sb.
from
doing
sth.　3.pass
sb.
over　4.give
a
speech　5.in
urgent
need
of　6.be
diagnosed
with　7.pay
the
price　8.take
up　9.participate
in
10．retire
from　11.take
on　12.a
series
of　13.earn
the
name
of　14.contribute
to
核心突破·要点讲解
?第一版块：重点单词
1．①is
recognised;
recognition　②as　③to
be　④beyond
2．①to　contribute
to...为固定搭配，此处意为“向……捐助”。
②contributing　people与contribute之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
③contribution(s)　设空处前有形容词性物主代词修饰，应用名词。
④contributions　contribution意为“贡献；捐款”时为可数名词，前面有All修饰，应用复数形式。
3．①joined　②joined
in　③attend　④took
part
in　⑤participants;
participated;
participation　⑥She
took
an
active
part
in
local
politics.
4．①in　②in　③faith　④belief
5．①to
follow
the
fashion　②come
into
fashion　③out
of
fashion　④in
fashion
?第二版块：重点短语
1．①further　②further
2．①for　②to　③approaching　④about
3．①for　②for
4．①diagnosed　②diagnosed　③as
?第三版块：典型句式
1．①which　句意为：这些水果最好放在冰箱里，它们能保鲜好几天。
②which　这个人又有一个发现，我认为这对科学很重要。
③The
government,
which
promises
to
cut
taxes,
will
be
popular.
(which指代The
government)
④He
is
an
excellent
student
in
all
subjects
except
for
maths,
which
is
his
shortcoming.(which指代名词maths)
⑤The
museum
was
built
within
a
year,
which
is
simply
unbelievable.
(which指代整个主句)
2．①enjoys　句意为：尽管出乎意料地下雨了，但我和姐姐仍然非常享受这次旅行。并列谓语中与谓语动词邻近的主语为my
sister，谓语动词的数应与其保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式。
②helped　句意为：他不仅帮助了自己的家庭，而且还伸出援助之手帮助了许多比他不幸的人。not
only...
but
also...连接两个并列成分，根据but
also后的gave可知，此处也应用动词过去式。
③but　句意为：不仅我们国家的人，世界上所有的人都受益于他的工作成果。not
only...
but
also...中的also通常可以省略。
④do　句意为：他们不但需要衣服，他们还缺水。Not
only位于句首，句子要部分倒装。
⑤is;
good
for/beneficial
to;
but
also;
can
improve
⑥does
he;
is
willing
to
?第四版块：写作专题——人物传记类写作
[模拟演练]
参考范文：
A
Woman
of
Achievement
Tu
Youyou,
who
won
the
Nobel
Prize,
is
the
person
who
I
admire
most.
Born
in
Ningbo,
Zhejiang
on
December
30th
in
1930,
she
was
admitted
into
Beijing
Medical
College
(now
Peking
University
Health
Science
Center)
in
1951,
majoring
in
making
medicine.
After
graduation,
she
has
been
working
in
China
Academy
of
Chinese
Medical
Sciences.
She
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physiology
or
Medicine
on
October
5th
in
2015
for
discovering
a
novel
therapy
against
malaria,
becoming
the
first
Chinese
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize.
Although
she
has
gained
such
great
achievements,
Tu
remains
modest
and
prudent.
Her
spirit
always
inspires
me
to
face
the
challenges
in
life
and
encourages
me
to
make
up
my
mind
to
become
a
person
who
can
make
a
difference
in
the
world.
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．He
changed
his
mind,
which
made
me
very
angry.
2．Mr
Smith,
our
new
teacher,
is
very
kind
to
us.
3．This
story
is
so
interesting
that
I
want
to
read
it
again.
4．When
the
girl
is
happy,
she
either
sings
or
dances.
5．They
spent
two
years
building
this
bridge.
Ⅱ.
1．athletes　2.has
contributed　3.powerful　4.achieved
5．including　6.to
take　7.as　8.the　9.was
struggling　10.but
Ⅲ.
参考范文：
Mark
Twain
(1835～1910),
one
of
the
best
known
American
writers
in
the
nineteenth
century,
was
born
in
Missouri
in
the
middle
part
of
the
United
States.
Mark
Twain's
hometown
lay
on
the
banks
of
the
Mississippi
Rivei,
where
he
spent
his
childhood.
He
worked
as
a
sailor
on
a
boat
on
the
Mississippi
River
for
some
time.
Mark
Twain
wrote
a
lot
of
novels,
and
one
of
the
most
famous
is
The
Adventures
of
Tom
Sawyer.
This
masterpiece
brought
him
fame
and
honour.
Many
of
his
writings
have
been
translated
into
many
languages
and
are
deeply
loved
by
readers
throughout
the
world.Unit
2
Success
Part
Ⅵ　单元语法专题——(1)动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语　(2)冠词
语法精讲
Ⅰ.动词的ing形式
1．动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语
动名词(短语)具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词(短语)可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
(1)动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语
动名词(短语)作主语常表示经常性或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。
?Reading
aloud
is
very
important
for
us
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。
(2)it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正的主语
动名词(短语)作主语的句子有时可以用it作形式主语，动名词(短语)作真正主语。常见结构有：
It's
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.做某事浪费时间。
It's
useless/worthwhile
doing
sth.做某事是没用的/值得的。
It's
no
use/no
good/no
need
doing
sth.做某事是没用的/没好处的/没必要的。
?It
was
a
waste
of
time
reading
that
book.
读那本书就是在浪费时间。
(此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading
that
book)
(3)There
is/was＋
no＋动名词(短语)
?There
was
no
knowing
what
he
could
do.
不知道他能做什么。
?There
is
no
denying
that
only
if
we
deal
with
and
overcome
large
numbers
of
difficulties
in
a
correct
way
will
we
achieve
our
dreams.
不可否认，我们只有用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才能实现我们的梦想。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①________
(learn)
a
language
requires
time
and
effort.
②It's
a
waste
of
time
________
(persuade)
such
a
person
to
join
us.
③________
(save)
money
now
seems
impossible.
④It
is
worthwhile
________
(read)
more
books.
⑤It's
useless
________
(ask)
him
any
more
questions
about
that
because
he
won't
answer.
⑥There
was
no
________
(tell)
when
she
would
be
back.
2．动词的-ing形式(动名词、现在分词)作表语
(1)动名词(短语)作表语
动名词(短语)作表语表示一般性、习惯性的动作或抽象的动作，大多数情况下可以与主语互换。
?Her
job
is
cleaning
offices.
她的工作是打扫办公室。(作表语)
?Cleaning
offices
is
her
job.
打扫办公室是她的工作。(作主语)
?Her
hobby
is
painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
?My
first
job
was
working
at
the
Ukiah
Library
when
I
was
16
years
old.
我的第一份工作是在乌基亚图书馆，那时我16岁。
(2)现在分词(短语)作表语
现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语具有的特征和属性。
?His
concern
for
his
mother
is
most
touching.
他对自己母亲的关爱非常感人。
?His
words
are
encouraging.
他的话很鼓舞人。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①What
he
said
is
________
(convince),
so
we
can
trust
him.
②The
news
is
________
(astonish);
we
were
all
________
(astonish)
at
it.
③The
result
of
the
exam
was
________
(disappoint)．
④Our
duty
is
________
(serve)
the
people
heart
and
soul.
⑤My
favourite
sport
is
________
(swim)．
⑥The
news
sounds
________
(encourage)．
3．动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语
(1)动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语
后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)汇总：mepscarfid“妹不食咖啡滴”。
M：miss,
mind　E：escape,
enjoy　P：practise,
put
off　S：suggest　C：consider,
can't
stand　A:
avoid,
admit,
advise,
allow,
appreciate　R：risk,
resist　F：finish,
forbid,
feel
like　I：imagine,
insist
on　D：dislike,
delay,
deny
?He
managed
to
escape
suffering
from
the
disease.
他设法成功避免了患上那种疾病。
?Prof.
Smith
considered
giving
his
students
a
reading
list
before
they
started
the
next
chapter.
史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
?The
suspect
denied
turning
on
the
computer
in
the
office
that
night.
犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。
特别注意　need，deserve,
require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
Your
car
needs
filling.
你的车该加油了。
This
city
deserves
visiting.
这座城市值得游览。
The
problem
requires
studying
carefully.
这个问题需要仔细研究。
(2)动名词在介词后作宾语
①about，against，to，from，of，for等介词后可用动名词作宾语。
They
are
against
using
so
many
animals
in
experiments.
他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。
Thank
you
for
offering
me
so
much
help.
谢谢你为我提供了这么多帮助。
②某些“动词＋(名词/形容词/副词)＋介词”后常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：
apologise
for...(为……道歉)，aware
of(意识到)，be
afraid
of(害怕)，engage
in(参与)，give
up(放弃)，depend
on(依靠)，have
trouble/difficulty
(in)(做某事有困难)，admit
to(承认)，be/get/become
used
to(习惯于)，be
equal
to(等于；胜任)，devote...
to...(把……用于……)，get
down
to(开始做)，look
forward
to(期待)，object
to(反对)，stick
to(坚持)，see
to(照料；处理)，contribute...
to...(把……贡献给……)，lead
to(导致)，pay
attention
to(注意)等。
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
coming
next
time.
我期待着您下一次的到来。
He
apologised
for
interrupting
us.
他因打断了我们的谈话而道歉。
知识拓展
①有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别。
②有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式意思上没什么大的差别。
begin
to
do/doing
sth.开始做某事
start
to
do/doing
sth.开始做某事
like
to
do/doing
sth.喜欢做某事
hate
to
do/doing
sth.讨厌做某事
prefer
to
do/doing
sth.宁愿做某事
continue
to
do/doing
sth.继续做某事
take
turns
to
do/doing
sth.轮流做某事
intend
to
do/doing
sth.打算做某事
[即学即练]　
(1)单句语法填空
①As
I
will
be
away
for
at
least
a
year,
I'd
appreciate
________
(hear)
from
you
now
and
then
________
(tell)
me
how
everyone
is
getting
along.
②You
should
not
miss
________
(make)
up
for
your
missed
lessons.
③You
can
never
imagine
what
great
trouble
I
had
________
(help)
the
poor
boy
and
the
little
dog
that
were
seriously
hurt.
④I
really
appreciate
________
(give)
the
chance
to
present
my
opinions
on
AI
at
the
meeting.
⑤Exercise
is
the
key
to
________
(improve)
your
health.
⑥Don't
forget
________
(post)
the
letter
for
me
when
you
pass
by
the
post
office.
⑦I
didn't
mean
________
(eat)
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn't
help
________
(try)
it.
⑧I
do
remember
________
(receive)
the
message,
but
I
cannot
find
it
now.
Please
send
it
again
if
you
don't
mind.
(2)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
I
used
to
like
to
go
to
our
local
cinema.
It
was
old
and
rather
uncomfortable,
but
it
had
character.
Now
they've
stopped
①________
(show)
films
there.
The
owner
would
like
to
go
on
②________
(run)
the
cinema,
but
he
would
need
③________
(make)
a
lot
of
improvements,
which
would
mean
④________
(spend)
tens
of
thousands
of
pounds.
I
remember
⑤________
(watch)
the
last
film
at
the
cinema.
It
was
a
murder
mystery.
It
was
five
minutes
from
the
end,
and
we
were
trying
⑥________
(work)
out
who
the
murderer
was
when
suddenly
all
the
lights
went
out
and
the
film
stopped.
We
sat
in
the
dark
for
a
few
minutes,
and
then
the
owner
appeared
with
a
torch.
“I
regret
⑦________
(tell)
you，”
he
said,
“that
our
electricity
has
failed.
I
don't
mean
⑧________
(disappoint)
you,
but
I'm
afraid
we
can't
show
you
the
end
of
the
film.
We've
tried
⑨________
(phone)
the
electricity
company,
but
they
say
they
can't
help.”
He
went
on
⑩________
(explain)
to
the
audience
how
the
film
ended.
I
didn't
understand
the
story.
But
I
don't
regret
?________
(go)
to
the
cinema
that
evening.
Ⅱ.冠词用法
4．冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。下面主要讲解它们的典型用法及零冠词的使用情况。
(1)不定冠词的用法
①不定冠词表示类别，泛指某一类人或物，相当于any；也可泛指某人或某物，表示不确定的概念，相当于some或a
certain。
It's
almost
impossible
to
find
a
horse
running
on
the
city
road
now.
现在在城市道路上发现奔跑的马匹几乎是不可能的了。
A
Smith
has
just
called
you.
一个叫史密斯的人刚刚给你打电话。
②不定冠词表示数量“一”的概念，但其数的概念不如one强烈。
I
want
to
buy
a
pair
of
shoes.我想买双鞋。
③不定冠词表示“每一”，相当于every或per。
She
goes
to
see
her
parents
twice
a
month.
她每个月去看她的父母两次。
④不定冠词用在序数词前，表示“又一；再一”。
He
decided
to
try
a
seventh
time.
他决定再尝试第七次。
⑤用于首次提到的，双方不知道的人或物前。
There
is
a
park
on
the
corner
of
the
street.
在这条街的拐角处有一个公园。
⑥不定冠词用在of结构中，表示“同一性”，相当于the
same。
They
are
of
an
age.
他们同岁。
⑦不定冠词用在一些抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物，即“抽象名词具体化”。常见的词有：surprise，success，failure等。
His
coming
to
the
party
was
a
real
surprise
for
me.
他来参加聚会对我来说真的是个惊喜。
⑧不定冠词用在某些固定搭配中。如：a
kind
of，in
a
hurry，in
a
short
while,
a
knowledge
of...，have
a．..
life,
give
sb.
a
ride。
(2)定冠词的用法
①定冠词最基本的用法是特指上文已经提到的人或事物，或者说话双方都知道的人或事物。此外，还可用在被短语或定语从句修饰的名词前，表示特指。
I
bought
the
computer
yesterday.
我昨天买的这台电脑。
It's
too
cold.
Close
the
window
please!
太冷了。请把这扇窗户关上！
The
young
man
is
the
student
who
I
taught
ten
years
ago.
这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。
特别注意
定冠词the可用在“v.＋sb.＋介词(in/on/by/...)＋the＋部位”结构中，常常表示谓语动词所及的身体部位或衣物。该句型中定冠词the相当于物主代词，避免语义重复。
He
hit
me
on
the
head.
他打了我的头。
②定冠词可用在单数名词前表示类别。
The
giant
panda
in
China
is
loved
by
people
all
around
the
world.
(注：这里说的大熊猫指的是大熊猫这一类别)中国大熊猫受到全世界人民的喜爱。
③定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The
Pacific
is
the
largest
ocean
in
the
world.
太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。
④定冠词可用在序数词、形容词最高级前以及特指“二者之中比较……的”。
The
second
girl
is
the
tallest
of
them
all.
第二个女孩是他们所有人中最高的。
⑤用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人；或用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。
We
should
pay
attention
to
the
development
of
the
young.
我们应该重视年轻人的成长。
The
Browns
will
visit
us
next
week.
布朗一家下周要来看望我们。
⑥用在表示“演奏某种乐器”时，用在乐器名称前。
Tom
likes
playing
the
guitar.
汤姆喜欢弹吉他。
⑦用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派等的名词前。如：the
Yellow
River,
the
United
States,
the
Chinese
Communist
Party。
⑧用在某些固定搭配中。如：at
the
moment，at
the
same
time，in
the
morning。
⑨用于表示具体的地点、方位、时间或某一天的一部分等的名词前。
如：in
the
east/south/west/north,
on
the
right/left。
(3)零冠词的用法
①可数名词复数及不可数名词表示泛指。
Monkeys
are
clever
animals.
猴子是聪明的动物。
Milk
goes
bad
easily
in
summer.
牛奶在夏天很容易变质。
②在表示星期、月份、季节、节日、学科、三餐、球类和棋类等的名词前。如：on
Sunday，in
March，in
spring，on
Children's
Day。但如果具体到某一年的春、夏、秋、冬，则要加定冠词。
I
was
born
in
the
autumn
of
1985.
我出生于1985年秋。
③某些名词与by连用表示交通方式时。如：by
bus/car/bike/train/air/plane/sea/ship.
④表示人名或地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，如Mike，Shanghai等。但由普通名词构成的专有名词前则要加the，如the
United
States。
⑤名词前已有this，that，my等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，一般不加冠词。
My
pen
is
much
more
expensive
than
yours.
我的钢笔比你的贵得多。
⑥某些固定搭配中。如：day
and
night,
here
and
there,
at
home,
in
surprise,
at
noon,
on
foot,
at
night,
on
duty,
at
work,
on
time,
for
example,
on
show，in
space,
in
public。
[即学即练]　
①When
Linda
was
a
child,
her
mother
always
let
her
have
________
breakfast
in
bed.
②Beyond
the
stars
the
astronaut
saw
nothing
but
________
space.
③Tom
is
addicted
to
playing
________
football.
④After
watching
TV,
she
played
________
violin
for
an
hour.
⑤Many
people
are
still
in
the
habit
of
writing
silly
things
in
________
public
places.
⑥Many
people
agree
that
________
knowledge
of
English
is
a
must
in
the
international
trade
today.
⑦The
train
is
running
fifty
miles
________
hour.
⑧—Do
you
know
________
lady
in
blue?
—Yes.
She
is
a
teacher
of
a
university.
⑨He
grabbed
me
by
________
arm
and
pulled
me
into
the
bus.
⑩I
hope
the
activity
will
be
________
great
success
and
everyone
can
learn
a
lot
from
it.
(2)改正下面句子中的错误
①A
recent
report
stated
that
the
number
of
Spanish
in
the
US
would
be
higher
than
the
number
of
English
speakers
by
a
year
2090.
________________________________________________________________________
②If
you
go
by
a
train,
you
can
have
quite
a
comfortable
journey,
but
make
sure
you
get
a
fast
one.
________________________________________________________________________
③It
is
often
said
that
teachers
have
the
very
busy
life.
________________________________________________________________________
④After
dinner
he
gave
Mr
Richardson
ride
to
the
Capital
Airport.
________________________________________________________________________
⑤A
bullet
hit
the
solider
and
he
was
wounded
in
a
leg.
________________________________________________________________________
⑥I
knew
the
John
Lennon,
but
not
the
famous
one.
________________________________________________________________________
语法专练
Ⅰ.用括号内的适当形式填空
1．Young
people
may
risk
________
(go)
deaf
if
they
are
exposed
to
very
loud
music
every
day.
2．________
(know)
basic
first-aid
techniques
will
help
you
respond
quickly
to
emergencies.
3．Shortly
after
suffering
from
the
effects
of
a
massive
earthquake
and
________
(reduce)
to
ruins,
the
city
took
on
a
new
look.
4．________
(ignore)
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
5．In
Hangzhou,
borrowing
books
from
the
library
________
(be)
now
as
simple
and
convenient
as
shopping
online:
click,
pay
and
wait
for
delivery.
6．________
(equip)
with
global
vision
(视野)
and
the
spirit
of
innovation
is
crucial
to
China's
younger
generation.
7．It
is
agreed
that
________
(read)
widely
is
one
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
enlarge
our
vocabulary.
8．I
don't
think
it
is
no
good
________
(have)
another
talk
with
him
over
the
matter.
9．________
(she)
not
coming
back
made
her
parents
angry
and
sad.
10．The
________
(president)
attending
the
meeting
gave
them
a
big
surprise.
11．Fast
food
is
full
of
fat
and
salt;
by
________
(eat)
more
fast
food
people
will
get
more
salt
and
fat
than
they
need
in
their
diet.
12．My
duties
will
include
________
(introduce)
British
visitors
to
the
pandas
at
Chengdu.
13．And
when
your
employees
begin
________
(add)
smiling
emojis
to
their
business
communication,
you'll
know
you
have
succeeded
in
________
(improve)
your
work
culture.
14．What
I
dislike
is
________
(stay)
up
too
late.
15．After
________
(look)
at
the
toy
for
some
time,
he
turned
around
and
found
his
parents
were
missing.
16．Keep
in
mind
that
forgiveness
doesn't
necessarily
mean
________
(accept)
the
actions
of
the
person
who
upsets
you.
17．The
speech
you
delivered
is
very
interesting
and
________
(encourage)．
18．I
quickly
lower
myself,
ducking
(低下头)
my
head
to
avoid
________
(look)
directly
into
his
eyes
so
he
doesn't
feel
challenged.
19．All
who
participated
have
gained
a
positive
outcome
from
________
(get)
involved.
20．The
teacher's
explanation
of
the
problem
was
so
________
(confuse)
that
most
of
us
couldn't
understand.
Ⅱ.用适当的冠词填空
1．Mr
Smith
asked
you
to
repeat
________
phone
number
________
second
time
so
that
he
could
set
it
down.
2．The
young
may
need
more
sleep
than
________
old,
but
usually
eight
hours
is
enough
for
the
health
of
grown-ups.
3．The
frequent
terrorism
activities
in
recent
years
constitute(构成)__________
enormous
security
challenge
to
all
countries.
4．________
number
of
these
results
on
why
this
kind
of
bird
can't
fly
are
extremely
interesting.
5．________
most
popular
Shanxi
noodle
is
daoxiaomian.
This
noodle
is
shaved
from
a
giant
block
of
dough(生面团)
hoisted
over
the
chef's
shoulder.
6．Girls,
who
always
spend
money
on
clothes,
should
keep
________
eye
open
for
discounts.
7．I
don't
remember
the
first
two
operations
very
well,
but
I
do
recall
________
third.
8．The
X-rays
you
get
at
________
doctor's
or
dentist's
are
not
enough
to
cause
cancer.
9．My
parents
had
moved
to
England
from
India
during
________
1970s.
10．When
I
taught
art
at
________
school
in
Seattle,
I
used
Tinkertoys
as
a
test
at
the
beginning
of
a
term.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
A
1．A
lunchtime
escape
allows
her
to
keep
a
boss
from
________
(tap)
her
on
the
shoulder.
2．Bacteria
are
an
________
(annoy)
problem
for
astronauts.
3．“I
prefer
to
go
out
and
be
out.
Alone,
but
together,
you
know？”
Bechtel
said,
________
(look)
up
from
her
book.
4．________
(hand)
out
sliced
oranges
to
bloodthirsty
kids
can
be
as
exciting
as
watching
your
own
kid
score
a
goal.
5．Somewhere
along
the
way,
the
same
parent
ends
up
________
(become)
an
invaluable
member
of
the
team.
6．I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
________
(demand)
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
to
help
for
an
unknown
sport.
7．It's
about
two
sisters-Eri,
a
model
who
either
won't
or
can't
stop
________
(sleep),
and
Mari,
a
young
student.
8．The
keyboard
could
offer
a
strong
layer
of
security
by
________
(analyse)
things
like
the
force
of
a
user's
typing
and
the
time
between
key
presses.
9．________
(learn)
English
as
a
second
language
can
be
a
painful
experience.
10．With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kid
who
would
enjoy
public
________
(speak)．
B
1．When
we
got
a
call
saying
she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
________
joke.
2．________
provincial
government
and
its
partners
offer
many
programmes
to
help
students
find
summer
jobs.
3．Of
________
nineteen
recognised
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
4．In
one
study,
Dr
Prinstein
examined
the
two
types
of
popularity
in
235
adolescents,
scoring
________
least
liked,
________
most
liked
and
the
highest
in
status
based
on
student
surveys
(调查)．
5．Through
the
Summer
Employment
Opportunities
programme,
students
are
hired
each
year
in
____________
variety
of
summer
positions
across
the
Provincial
Public
Service,
its
related
agencies
and
community
groups.
6．Who's
eligible：Students
aged
15
or
older.
Some
positions
require
students
to
be
15
to
24
or
up
to
29
for
persons
with
________
disability.
Ⅳ.单句写作(注意灵活使用动词-ing形式)
1．他的爱好是集邮。
________________________________________________________________________
2．不知道他的地址，我只好待在家里等着。
________________________________________________________________________
3．他25岁开始教英语。
________________________________________________________________________
4．散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。
________________________________________________________________________
5．我永远不会忘记听她唱那首歌时的情景。
________________________________________________________________________
6．这个男孩每天练习弹钢琴。
________________________________________________________________________
7．我们经常一起去游泳。
________________________________________________________________________
8．我后悔没有来早点。
________________________________________________________________________
9．他花了不少时间做那件事。
________________________________________________________________________
10．她擅长讲故事。
________________________________________________________________________
Part
Ⅵ　单元语法专题——(1)动词?ing形式(动名词)作主语、表语和宾语　(2)冠词语法精讲
Ⅰ.
1．①Learning　②persuading　③Saving　④reading
⑤asking　⑥telling
2．①convincing　②astonishing　astonished　③disappointing　④serving　⑤swimming　⑥encouraging
3．(1)①hearing　telling　句意为：因为我将要外出至少一年，所以我非常感激收到你的来信，信里告诉了我大家过得如何。第一空作appreciate的宾语，用动名词；第二空的动词和第一空是并列的，也用动名词。
②making　句意为：你不应该错过补习功课。短语miss
doing
sth.意为“错过做某事”，后跟动词?ing形式，故填making。
③helping　句意为：你无法想象我在帮助受伤的那个可怜的男孩和小狗时遇到了多么大的麻烦。have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填helping。
④being
given　句意为：我非常感谢有机会在会议上提出我对AI的看法。appreciate
doing
sth.为固定搭配，意为“感激做某事”。此处the
chance与give之间为被动关系。
⑤improving　句意：锻炼是改善你健康的关键。此处考查短语the
key
to
doing
sth.，意为“做某事的关键”，to是介词，其后接动名词。
⑥to
post　句意：当你通过邮局时别忘了为我投上这封信。forget
to
do
sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示事情未做；forget
doing
sth.意为“忘记做过某事”，表示事情已发生，根据语境，此处是强调不要忘记，故填不定式。
⑦to
eat　trying　句意为：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此美味以至于我忍不住地要尝一尝。考查固定短语mean
to
do
(打算做),
can't
help
doing
(忍不住做)。本题需要注意区分mean
to
do
(打算做)与mean
doing
(意味着做)和can't
help
to
do
(不能帮助做)与can't
help
doing
(忍不住做)之间的含义。
⑧receiving　句意为：我记得我确实收到过这条信息，但现在找不到了，如果你不介意的话，请再发一次。remember
doing
sth.表示“记得做过某事”，根据句意可知，此处应填动名词。注意remember
to
do
sth.和remember
doing
sth.的区别，前者表示“记得要去做某事”；而后者表示“记得做过某事”。
(2)①showing　②running　③to
make　④spending
⑤watching　⑥to
work　⑦to
tell　⑧to
disappoint
⑨phoning　⑩to
explain　?going
Ⅱ.
4．(1)①不填　注意，在表示三餐的名词前如有形容词修饰，则需加冠词，如have
a
heavy
breakfast。
②不填　space作“宇宙；空间”解时，是抽象名词，通常不加冠词。
③不填　表示“玩……球”时，球类名词前无冠词。
④the　表示弹奏西洋乐器时，乐器名词前应用定冠词。
⑤不填　public
places是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用冠词。
⑥a　虽然knowledge是不可数名词，但有of
English修饰，构成固定搭配a
knowledge
of，故用不定冠词。
⑦an　注意hour以元音音素开头，不定冠词应用an。
⑧the　考查the表示特指的用法。根据题意可知是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那位女士”。
⑨the　本句为“主语＋动词＋介词＋the＋身体部位”结构。
⑩a　此处success为抽象名词具体化，指“一件成功的事”。
(2)①year前的a→the　此处特指2090年，用the。
②删除第一个a　by
train意为“乘火车”，by后直接加交通工具，此处为零冠词的用法。
③the→a　have
a．..life为固定搭配，意为“过一种……的生活”。
④在ride前加a　give
sb.
a
ride为固定搭配，意为“让某人搭便车”。
⑤leg前的a→the　谓语动词所及的身体部位前应用定冠词the。
⑥第一个the→a　表示泛指用不定冠词。
语法专练
Ⅰ.
1．going　2.Knowing　3.being
reduced　4.Ignoring　5.is　6.Being
equipped　7.reading　8.having　9.Her
10．president's　11.eating　12.introducing　13.adding/to
add;
improving　14.staying　15.looking　16.accepting　17.encouraging　18.looking　19.getting　20.confusing
Ⅱ.
1．the；a　2.the　3.an　4.A　5.The　6.an　7.the
8．the　9.the　10.a
Ⅲ.
A
1．tapping　2.annoying　3.looking　4.Handing
5．becoming　6.demanding　7.sleeping　8.analysing
9．Learning　10.speaking
B
1．a　2.The　3.the　4.the;
the　5.a　6.a
Ⅳ.
1．His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.
2．Not
knowing
his
address,
I
could
do
nothing
but
stay
at
home
and
wait.
3．He
began
teaching
English
at
the
age
of
25.
4．Walking
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
5．I
shall
never
forget
hearing
her
singing
that
song.
6．The
boy
practises
playing
the
piano
every
day.
7．We
often
go
swimming
together.
8．I
regret
not
coming
earlier.
9．He
spent
quite
a
lot
of
time
doing
that.
10．She
is
good
at
telling
stories.