外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 同步习题（有答案）

Unit
6
Part
3　Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The
hill
looks
more
beautiful
if
seen
through
the
________
(望远镜).
2．The
old
house
leans
to
the
right
at
a
dangerous
________
(角度),
so
you'd
better
remove
it.
3．Peaks
covered
with
white
floating
clouds
became
________
(看不见的)
now
and
then
like
a
fantastic
Chinese
painting.
4．Don't
bother
to
________
(拿来)
me
the
book—I
can
manage
it
myself.
5．They
had
to
do
so
much
walking
after
their
car
broke
down
on
the
way
that
their
leg
________
(肌肉)
are
still
aching
now.
6．Adding
seasonings
such
as
salt,
________
(胡椒粉)
and
oil
makes
the
wonton
soup
tastes
fresh.
7．You
should
cover
your
mouth
when
you
________
(打喷嚏)
to
prevent
spreading
the
virus.
8．We
can't
see
the
microscopic
creature
with
________
(赤裸的)
eyes.
9．If
you
are
struggling
to
resist
temptation,
surrounding
yourself
with
people
who
possess
a
high
degree
of
________
(自制力)
can
help.
10．He
took
the
compact
________
(光盘)
from
her,
then
fed
it
into
the
player.
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
in
the
search
for,
at
the
edge
of,
in
reality,
work
out,
be
engaged
in,
look
back,
be
composed
of,
carry
out,
focus
on,
on
the
basis
of
1．The
committee
that
was
founded
last
week
________________
men
and
women.
2．He
did
not
________________
his
promise
to
us
once
more,
so
we
didn't
trust
him.
3．They
run
after
me.
I
don't
________________
at
them
and
keep
on
running.
4．________________
your
studies
and
don't
be
distracted
by
the
outside
noise.
5．________________，
different
students
have
different
learning
habits,
which
I
think
have
a
great
influence
on
their
learning
efficiency.
6．She
was
chosen
for
the
job
________________
her
qualifications.
7．________________
the
difficult
maths
problem,
I
have
consulted
Professor
Russell
several
times.
8．Now
we
________________
a
great
and
most
glorious
cause,
never
undertaken
by
our
forefathers.
9．The
water
roiled
to
his
left
as
he
climbed
carefully
________________
the
waterfall.
10．They
have
spread
their
net
far
and
wide
________________
a
new
team
coach.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The
famous
writer
is
engaged
________
writing
a
novel,
which
is
intended
for
children.
2．All
of
us
stood
for
a
long
time
________
the
edge
of
the
village
waving
good?bye
to
him.
3．The
group
composed
________
ten
people
will
meet
tomorrow
in
an
attempt
to
reach
a
settlement.
4．The
football
team,
________
(consist)
of
22
players
and
three
coaches,
was
faced
with
a
big
challenge.
5．We
thought
he
was
serious,
but
________
reality
he
was
joking.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The
night
sky
1.________
(be)
an
endless
source
of
fascination
since
the
start
of
human
history.
However,
humans
can
see
very
little
of
the
night
sky
with
the
naked
eye.
And,
for
long,
people
were
unable
to
understand
what
they
could
see.
Our
power
2.________
(investigate)
and
understand
space
changed
dramatically
when
the
first
telescope
was
invented,
3.________
increased
the
power
of
the
human
eye.
It
also
enabled
us
to
understand
that
the
universe
is
far
4.________
(large)
than
was
previously
imaginable.
Almost
400
years
after
the
first
Earth?based
telescope
was
invented,
the
Hubble
Space
Telescope
5.________
(launch)
into
orbit,
6.________
(give)
astronomers—indeed
all
of
us—the
first
breathtakingly
beautiful
images
of
our
universe
taken
from
beyond
Earth.
To
see
even
further
into
the
universe,
many
countries
are
now
engaged
7.________
building
ever
more
advanced
telescopes.
8.________
(current)
,
China
operates
the
world's
largest
and
most
powerful
radio
telescope,
the
FAST
telescope,
9.________
(complete)
in
2016.
Using
ever?larger
radio
telescopes
as
our
eyes,
we
will
one
day
be
able
to
look
back
to
a
time
in
the
very
early
universe,
before
the
10.________
(exist)
of
light.
But
the
human
quest
for
knowledge
reaches
even
beyond
that.
So
much
of
the
universe
remains
unexplored
that
we
are
still
close
to
the
start
of
this
incredible
journey
of
discovery.
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
Looking
for
a
true
out?of?this?world
vacation?
Then
you
are
in
luck!
Texas?based
start?up
Orion
Span
announced
they
were
taking
reservations
for
Aurora
(极光)
Station,
the
world's
first
luxury
hotel
in
space.
The
pill?shaped
space
station
will
measure
43.
5
feet
long
and
14.1
feet
wide—about
the
size
of
a
large
private
jet's
cabin—when
completed.
It
will
accommodate
four
guests
in
two
private
suites
and
two
crew
members,
most
likely
former
astronauts.
Hovering
about
200
miles
above
the
Earth,
Aurora
Station
will
circle
the
planet
once
every
90
minutes,
enabling
guests
to
enjoy
16
spectacular
sunrises
and
sunsets
daily,
as
well
as
scores
of
the
breathtaking
northern
and
southern
auroras
that
the
hotel
is
named
after.
While
admiring
the
beauty
of
our
planet,
tourists
can
have
non?astronaut
food
and
drinks
or
entertain
themselves
with
playing
cards.
Those
hoping
to
do
something
more
worthwhile
will
be
able
to
engage
in
astronaut?like
experiments
such
as
growing
food
in
a
special
environment.
The
Wi?Fi?enabled
spacecraft
will
make
it
easy
for
guests
to
share
their
experiences
with
friends
and
family
members
on
Earth.
At
the
end
of
the
week
and
half?long
vacation,
returning
guests
will
be
treated
to
a
special
“hero's
welcome”，
similar
to
the
one
experienced
by
astronauts
returning
from
a
real
mission.
Before
the
once?in?a?lifetime
trip,
guests
will
have
to
undergo
a
three?month
special
training
learning
how
to
move
in
a
weightless
environment,
along
with
the
basics
of
space
flight
and
orbital
mechanics.
Also,
before
you
start
packing
your
bags,
you
will
have
to
pay
$9.5
million
for
the
12?day
round?trip
vacation.
While
several
companies
are
planning
to
build
hotels
in
space,
Orion
Span
hopes
to
transform
sections
of
used
rockets
floating
in
space
into
hotel
rooms,
instead
of
crowding
the
already
messy
skies
with
additional
man?made
objects.
1．What
can
we
learn
about
Aurora
Station?
A．People
can
visit
it
now.
B．Its
construction
will
last
for
about
5
years.
C．It
can
only
hold
four
people.
D．It
looks
like
a
pill
about
the
size
of
a
large
plane.
2．Why
is
the
space
hotel
named
Aurora
Station?
A．Guests
can
enjoy
spectacular
auroras
of
the
Earth.
B．The
station
will
give
off
auroras
while
travelling.
C．The
station
will
run
round
the
auroras
of
the
Earth.
D．The
hotel
is
lit
up
by
the
auroras
of
the
Earth.
3．What
can
guests
do
in
a
space
hotel?
A．Stay
there
as
long
as
they
like.
B．Cook
meals
as
they
do
at
home.
C．Communicate
with
their
family.
D．Receive
a
welcome
as
a
real
hero.
4．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．There
is
little
room
for
people
to
live
on
Earth.
B．Too
many
spacecrafts
have
aroused
people's
concern.
C．Space
hotels
will
be
necessary
in
the
near
future.
D．Used
rockets
floating
in
space
are
easy
to
be
recycled.
Ⅱ.七选五
Tips
for
Successful
Gift
Giving
Good
gift
giving
is
an
art.
The
perfect
present
can
lighten
one's
mood
or
cement
a
relationship.
Whatever
the
occasion,
gift
giving
is
a
social
ritual
that
requires
careful
thought
and
consideration.
__1__
Here
are
some
useful
tips
for
gift
giving.
Don't
add
a
small
gift
to
a
big
gift.
When
we
receive
gifts
in
a
bundle,
we
tend
to
unconsciously
average
out
their
value,
so
a
small
gift
tacked
onto
(附加)
a
big
one
will
hurt
the
latter's
impact.
__2__
__3__
Taking
a
dream
vacation
or
seeing
your
favourite
artist
in
concert
will
give
you
memories
that
last
forever.
Experiences
often
have
more
thought
gone
into
them,
and
they
create
more
vivid
memories.
We
might
remember
the
tablet
that
a
friend
or
a
loved
one
has
bought
us,
but
not
as
much
as
a
two?week
holiday
to
Florida—the
memories
and
the
emotional
attachment
to
experiences
are
greater
than
to
physical
objects.
Think
like
the
receiver.
__4__
That
might
seem
obvious,
but
it
happens
far
less
than
we'd
like.
People
tend
to
use
gifts
as
jokes
and
encouragements
to
change
one's
ways,
or
to
signal
something
about
themselves
rather
than
providing
utility
or
happiness
for
the
receiver.
Remember
there's
a
reason
why
we
say
that
it's
the
thought
that
counts.
__5__
Most
people
don't
want
lots
of
money
spent
on
them—they
just
want
you
to
think
about
them,
and
that
can
be
done
in
lots
of
easy
ways.
A．Give
things
you
like
best.
B．So
there
are
a
set
of
rules
to
follow.
C．Give
experiences
rather
than
things.
D．Don't
forget
why
you
are
giving
gifts.
E.Buy
things
your
receiver
would
buy
for
themselves.
F．When
you
give
others
gifts,
never
forget
to
choose
the
expensive
things.
G．When
it
comes
to
gift
giving,
remember
that
sometimes
less
is
more.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Brenda
Bongos
was
a
girl
with
one
big
ambition—to
play
the
drums
in
a
band.
But
a(n)
__1__
lay
in
her
way.
To
be
good
enough
to
play
in
a
band,
Brenda
had
to
practice
a
lot，but
she
lived
next?door
to
lots
of
__2__
people
in
a
care
home.
The
sound
of
beating
drums
would
really
annoy
them.
Brenda
was
__3__.
She
always
tried
to
find
a
way
of
practicing
her
drums
without
bothering
other
people,
but
without
success.
However,
__4__
to
practice
as
much
as
she
could,
Brenda
tried
all
kinds
of
ways.
One
day,
while
watching
a
science
documentary,
she
heard
that
__5__
cannot
travel
in
space
without
air.
At
that
moment,
Brenda
Bongos
decided
to
become
a
__6__
astronaut.
So
Brenda
built
a
space
bubble
connected
with
a
machine,
which
drew
out
all
air.
Inside
was
a
__7__
of
drums.
Once
inside，Brenda
__8__
the
machine
and
played
like
mad!
It
wasn't
long
before
she
became
__9__.
Many
people
came
to
see
her
play
in
her
space
bubble.
__10__
afterwards
she
started
giving
concerts
out
of
the
bubble.
__11__
Brenda
became
a
real
musical
astronaut
as
the
government
asked
her
to
be
part
of
a
space
journey，and
it
had
gone
far
beyond
her
first
__12__
of
playing
drums
in
a
band.
When
asked
how
she
had
__13__
all
this,
she
said,
“If
those
old
people
next?door
hadn't
__14__
so
much
to
me,
I
wouldn't
have
gone
to
such
__15__
to
find
a
solution,
and
none
of
these
would
have
ever
happened.
1．A.question
B．obstacle
C．figure
D．hand
2．A.sick
B．local
C．elderly
D．poor
3．A.delightful
B．wonderful
C．awful
D．respectful
4．A.scared
B．thrilled
C．determined
D．encouraged
5．A.light
B．sound
C．air
D．heat
6．A.classical
B．musical
C．medical
D．physical
7．A.part
B．pair
C．couple
D．set
8．A.turned
on
B．put
on
C．got
on
D．held
on
9．A.mature
B．skillful
C．famous
D．confident
10．A.Hardly
B．Shortly
C．Rarely
D．Swiftly
11．A.Finally
B．Generally
C．Suddenly
D．Fortunately
12．A.effort
B．performance
C．ambition
D．attempt
13．A.gained
B．done
C．got
D．achieved
14．A.mattered
B．related
C．owed
D．talked
15．A.classes
B．places
C．difficulties
D．lengths
Ⅳ.语法填空
SpaceX
launches
two
NASA
astronauts
to
space
for
the
first
time
in
a
historic
US
mission
SpaceX
has
begun
1.________
new
chapter
in
the
history
of
United
States
space
fight.
Elon
Musk's
private
space
company
on
Saturday
launched
NASA
2.________
(astronaut)
Bob
Behnken
and
Doug
Hurley
into
orbit，successfully
3.________
(begin)
SpaceX's
first
crewed
mission.
The
company's
Falcon
9
rocket
and
Crew
Dragon
spacecraft
took
off
from
NASA's
Kennedy
Space
Center
in
Florida
4.________
3：22
p.
m.
ET.
The
capsule
is
the
first
5.________
(private)
designed
and
built
spacecraft
6.________
(carry)
astronauts
to
space
and
is
bound
for
the
International
Space
Station.
Beyond
the
achievement
of
SpaceX,
the
launch
represents
the
first
time
NASA
7.________
(launch)
its
own
astronauts
since
the
end
of
the
Space
Shuttle
program
nearly
a
decade
ago.“It
was
8.________
(incredibly)，”
NASA
astronaut
Bob
Behnken
said
of
the
launch,
moments
after
the
spacecraft
reached
orbit.
“Appreciate
all
the
hard
work
and
thanks
for
the
great
ride
to
space.”
Known
as
Demo?2,
the
launch
represents
the
culmination
of
SpaceX's
work
thus
far.
Musk
9.________
(found)
the
company
in
2002
and
has
since
declared
its
informal
credo
to
be
“making
humanity
a
multi?planetary
species”.
To
date,
SpaceX
has
launched
dozens
of
satellites
and
spacecraft,
10.________，
before
Saturday，it
had
never
put
a
human
into
space.
参考答案
【基础训练】Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．telescope　2.angle　3.invisible　4.fetch　5.muscles
6．pepper　7.sneeze　8.naked　9.self?discipline　10.disc
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
1．is
composed
of　2.carry
out　3.look
back　4.Focus
on　5.In
reality　6.on
the
basis
of　7.To
work
out　8.are
engaged
in　9.at
the
edge
of　10.in
the
search
for
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．in　2.at　3.of　4.consisting　5.in
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．has
been　考查动词的时态。根据“since
the
start
of
human
history”可知，空处应用现在完成时。
2．to
investigate　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“2.________
(investigate)
and
understand
space”作后置定语修饰Our
power，power为抽象名词，其后常用不定式修饰。故填to
investigate。
3．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．larger　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知空处应填形容词的比较级。
5．was
launched　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处应填谓语动词，且launch与the
Hubble
Space
Telescope之间是动宾关系；根据上下文语境可知，时态为一般过去时。故填was
launched。
6．giving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“6.________
(give)
astronomers...from
beyond
Earth”在句中作结果状语。故填giving。
7．in　考查固定搭配。be
engaged
in意为“从事……”。
8．Currently　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰整个句子，故填副词。空处位于句首，所填词首字母应大写。
9．completed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是operates，所以“9.________
(complete)
in
2016”作后置定语修饰the
FAST
telescope，the
FAST
telescope与complete之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语。
10．existence　考查名词。由定冠词the可知此处用名词。
【能力提升】Ⅰ.阅读
1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The
pill?shaped
space
station...about
the
size
of
a
large
private
jet's
cabin—when
completed.
It
will
accommodate
four
guests
in
two
private
suites
and
two
crew
members”可知，太空酒店Aurora
Station看起来像一个药丸形状的大型飞机。故选D项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“enabling
guests
to
enjoy
16
spectacular
sunrises
and
sunsets
daily,
as
well
as
scores
of
the
breathtaking
northern
and
southern
auroras
that
the
hotel
is
named
after”可知，太空旅馆名叫Aurora
Station是因为客人在上面可以欣赏地球上壮观的极光。故选A项。
3．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The
Wi?Fi?enabled
spacecraft
will
make
it
easy
for
guests
to
share
their
experiences
with
friends
and
family
members
on
Earth.”可知，这艘搭载Wi?Fi功能的航天器将使游客很容易与地球上的朋友和家人分享他们的经历。因此在太空旅馆上的客人能与他们的家人交流。故选C项。
4．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Orion
Span
hopes
to
transform
sections
of
used
rockets
floating
in
space
into
hotel
rooms,
instead
of
crowding
the
already
messy
skies
with
additional
man?made
objects.”可知，Orion
Span希望将漂浮在太空中的部分废旧火箭改造成酒店客房，而不是用额外的人造物体挤占已经凌乱的天空。因此从最后一段可以推断出过多的航天器已经引起了人们的关注。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
1．B　根据设空处前一句中的“gift
giving
is
a
social
ritual
that
requires
careful
thought
and
consideration”可知，送礼物需要仔细考虑。设空处后一句表示下文给出一些有用的挑选礼物的建议，且下文也与送礼物的规则有关，由此可推知，设空处应是说我们挑选礼物时需要遵守的规则，B项承上启下，故选B项。
2．G　根据第二段的主旨句“不要把小礼物附加在大礼物上”及第二句的描述可知，小的礼物和大的礼物一起送出会影响大礼物的价值，意思是只送大的礼物就可以了，去掉小的礼物。G项中的“sometimes
less
is
more”与此处相呼应。故选G项。
3．C　第三段第二句举例说明梦想中的旅行或演唱会将给你持久的记忆，第三句解释体验带给人的回忆是生动的，第四句对比说明亲身的体验所附带的回忆和情感远远大于物品。由此可判断本段的主旨是建议送人体验而非物件。故选C项。
4．E　根据第四段首句“Think
like
the
receiver.”可知，本段主题为“站在收礼物的人的角度考虑”，E项“买收礼物的人会给自己买的东西”符合语境，其中receiver为原词复现。
5．D　第五段首句和最后一句强调送礼物重要的是心意，接收礼物的人只要知道自己被关怀就好，大多数人并不希望别人为自己花很多钱，此处提醒我们不要忘记为什么要送礼物，故选D项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
1．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在她的路上有一个障碍。A.question问题；B.obstacle障碍；C.figure数字；D.hand手。空前说Brenda
Bongos有一个远大的志向——在乐队里打鼓，空前的“But”表明在她实现这个梦想的路上有一个障碍。故选B。
2．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了足够优秀从而能在乐队里演奏，Brenda不得不大量练习，但她的隔壁是一个住着很多老人的养老院。A.
sick生病的；B.local当地的；C.elderly年老的；D.poor贫穷的。根据空后“in
a
care
home”可知，是上了年纪的老年人。故选C。
3．D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brenda很有礼貌。A.
delightful令人愉快的；B.wonderful极好的；C.awful可怕的；D.
respectful恭敬的，有礼貌的。空后一句说Brenda总是想方设法在不打扰别人的情况下练习打鼓，说明她很有礼貌。故选D。
4．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，决心尽可能多地练习打鼓，Brenda尝试各种办法。A.
scared害怕的；B.thrilled兴奋的；C.determined下定决心的；D.encouraged被鼓励的。根据“Brenda
tried
all
kinds
of
ways”可知，她下决心尽可能多地练习。故选C。
5．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，在看科学纪录片时，她了解到声音不能在没有空气的太空里传播。A.light光；B.sound声音；C.air空气；D.heat热量。根据上文及常识可知，声音不能在没有空气的太空里传播。故选B。
6．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，Brenda
Bongos决定成为一名音乐宇航员。A.
classical经典的；B.musical音乐的；C.medical医疗的；D.physical物理的。根据下文“__11__
Brenda
became
a
real
musical
astronaut...”可知。故选B。
7．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：里面有一套鼓。A.
part部分；B.pair双，副；C.couple一对；D.
set一组，一套。根据常识可知，此处指一套鼓。故选D。
8．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：一进去，Brenda就打开机器，疯狂地演奏！A.turned
on打开；B.put
on穿上；C.got
on上车；D.held
on继续。根据“played
like
mad”可知。故选A。
9．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久后她就出名了。A.mature成熟的；B.skillful有技巧的，熟练的；C.famous有名的；D.confident自信的。空后说很多人来看她在太空泡泡里表演，说明Brenda出名了。故选C。
10．B　考查副词词义辨析。A.Hardly几乎不；B.Shortly立刻，不久；C.Rarely罕有地；D.Swiftly敏捷地。上一句提到很多人来看她在太空泡泡里表演，可知她很受欢迎，所以应是“不久之后”，她就开始在太空泡泡之外举办音乐会了。故选B。
11．A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，Brenda成了一名真正的音乐宇航员，因为政府让她参与太空旅行，这远远超出了她最初在乐队里打鼓的志向。A.Finally最后；B.Generally一般地；C.Suddenly突然；D.Fortunately幸运地。根据空后的“Brenda
became
a
real
musical
astronaut”可知。故选A。
12．C　考查名词词义辨析。A.effort努力；B.performance表演；C.ambition志向；D.attempt尝试，企图。文章第一句提到“Brenda
Bongos
was
a
girl
with
one
big
ambition”，此处是原词复现。故选C。
13．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及她是如何做到这一切的时候，她说：“如果隔壁的那些老人对我不那么重要，我就不会花这么大力气去寻找解决办法，而这一切都不会发生。”。A.gained获得；B.done做；C.got得到；D.achieved实现，完成。根据上文可知，Brenda通过努力想办法在不影响别人的情况下练习打鼓而取得了现在的成就。故选D。
14．A　考查动词词义辨析。A.mattered有关系，要紧；B.related相关，使有关系；C.owed欠，感激；D.talked谈论。Brenda不想因自己练习打鼓而影响到隔壁养老院的那些老人，这说明这些老人对她很重要。故选A。
15．D　考查名词词义辨析。A.classes班级；B.places地方；C.difficulties困难；D.lengths长度。根据上文可知Brenda不遗余力地寻找解决办法，go
to
lengths
to
do不遗余力地去做。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。在历史性的美国航天任务中，SpaceX首次将两名美国宇航局宇航员送入太空。
1．a　考查冠词。句意：SpaceX已经开始了美国太空战斗史上的新篇章。chapter章，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且new以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．astronauts　考查名词复数。句意：埃隆·马斯克的私人航空公司在周六将美国宇航局宇航员鲍勃·本肯和道格·赫尔利送入轨道，成功地开始了SpaceX的第一次载人任务。由Bob
Behnken
and
Doug
Hurley可知，指两个宇航员，应用复数astronauts。
3．beginning　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语动词为launched，故begin用非谓语动词形式做状语，begin与逻辑主语“将宇航员送入轨道”这件事是主动关系，应用现在分词做状语。故填beginning。
4．at　考查介词。表示“在下午3：22”用介词at。故填at。
5．privately　考查副词。修饰非谓语动词designed，应用副词privately做状语。
6．to
carry　考查非谓语动词。carry
astronauts
to
space是目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to
carry。
7．has
launched　考查动词时态。句意：除了SpaceX的成就外，这次发射代表美国宇航局自近十年前航天飞机计划结束以来第一次发射自己的宇航员。根据时间状语“since
the
end
of
the
Space
Shuttle
program
nearly
a
decade
ago”可知，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，且主语NASA是第三人称单数。故填has
launched。
8．incredible　考查形容词。was是系动词，接形容词做表语，incredibly是副词，形容词是incredible。
9．founded　考查动词时态。found做句子谓语动词，由时间状语in
2002可知，用一般过去时。故填founded。
10．but/yet　考查连词。句意：到目前为止，SpaceX已经发射了几十颗卫星和航天器，但是在星期六之前，它从未将人类送入太空。前后文是转折关系。故填but/yet。