2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修第二册：Unit 4 History and traditions Part 1 Reading and Thinking 同步训练（含答案）

UNIT
4　HISTORY
AND
TRADITIONS
Part
1　Listening
and
Speaking
&Reading
and
Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.It
is
difficult
for
a
teacher
to
give
　　　(单独的)
attention
to
every
student
if
his
class
is
large.?
2.China
had
made
remarkable
achievements
in
the
　　　(战斗)
against
poverty
by
the
end
of
2020.
?
3.He
might
easily
have
been
seen
by
someone
who
lived　　　
(在附近).?
4.In
the
movie
Hi,
Mom,
as
one
of
the
　　　(主要的)
actors,
Zhang
Xiaofei's
performance
leaves
a
deep
impression
on
the
audience.?
Ⅱ.选词填空
join...to...;break
away
from;as
well
as;keep
your
eyes
open
for
1.The
island
　　　　　　the
mainland
by
a
bridge.?
2.You
should
　　　　　　your
mistakes
in
this
exam
and
avoid
them
in
the
next
exam.?
3.They
visited
some
factories,
hospitals
　　　　　　the
school.?
4.To
improve
yourself,
you
should
　　　　　　some
bad
habits.
You
shouldn't
get
up
very
late,
or
skip
breakfast
and
so
on.?
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The
first
thing
he
looked
at
was
his
office's
　　　　(locate).?
2.Standing
in
the
watchtower,
we
admired
the
　　　　(surround)
scenes.
?
3.The
soldiers
fought
bravely
in
　　　　(defend)
of
their
country.
?
4.Sanya
is
the
most　　　　(fascinate)
place
I
have
ever
been
to.?
5.It
was
a
remarkable　　　　(achieve)
for
such
a
young
player.?
6.It
is
　　　　(legal)
to
smoke
in
public
places
according
to
the
new
law.?
7.The
website
　　　　(belong)
to
this
company
is
popular
with
young
men.?
8.Scientists
were
　　　　(puzzle)
as
to
why
the
whale
had
swum
to
the
shore.?
9.It
is　　　　(evidence)
that
the
Confucian(儒家的)
philosophy
affected
a
large
number
of
ancient
people.?
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Getting
to
know
a
little
bit
about
British
history
will
help
you
understand
what
these
different
　1　(name)—the
United
Kingdom,
Great
Britain,
Britain,
England—mean.?
In
the
16th
century,
the
nearby
country
of
Wales　2　(join)
to
the
Kingdom
of
England.
Later,
in
the
18th
century,
the
country
Scotland
became
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain.
In
the
19th
century,
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
was
added　3　(create)
the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Ireland.
Finally,
in
the
20th
century,
the
southern
part
of
Ireland
broke
away
from
the
UK,
　4　resulted
in
the
full
name
we
have
today:
the
United
Kingdom
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland.?
The
four
countries
use
the
same
flag,
　5　(know)
as
the
Union
Jack,
as
well
as
share
the
same
currency
and
military　6　(defend).
However,
they
also
have
some
differences.?
The
United
Kingdom　7　(have)
a
long
and
interesting
history
to
explore.
Almost
everywhere
you
go
in
the
UK,
you
will
be
surrounded
by
evidence
of
four
different
groups
of
people—the
Romans,
the
Anglo-Saxons,the
Vikings
　8　the
Normans—who
took
　9　at
different
times
throughout
history.?
There
is
so
much
more
to
learn
about　10　interesting
history
and
culture
of
the
United
Kingdom.
Studying
the
history
of
the
country
will
make
your
visit
much
more
enjoyable.?
1.　　　
2.　　　
3.　　　
4.　　　
5.　　　?
6.　　　
7.　　　
8.　　　
9.　　　
10.　　　?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
New
England
is
the
six
northeastern
states
of
the
United
States:Maine,New
Hampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Rhode
Island,and
Connecticut.
The
six
states
were
among
the
first
colonies
in
America.
The
colonies
were
conquered
by
England,and
this
is
why
the
area
became
known
as
New
England.
After
the
American
Revolutionary
(革命的)
War
the
colonies
became
states.
Many
things
are
similar
in
the
six
New
England
states.
For
example,there
are
many
stone
walls,
fishing
villages
and
forests
in
these
states.
The
houses
and
buildings
are
similar,too.
People
cut
down
trees
from
the
forests
to
make
space
for
their
farms
and
villages.
They
then
used
wood
from
the
trees
and
stones
from
the
fields
to
build
houses,schools,
and
churches.
Even
today,
most
of
the
houses
in
New
England
are
made
of
wood.
There
are
big
cities
in
New
England,but
there
are
also
small
cities
and
farms,especially
in
the
northern
part.
There
is
much
industry
and
business
and
New
England
is
one
of
the
most
populous
(人口稠密的)
parts
of
the
United
States.
It
has
many
busy
sea
ports
on
its
long
coast.
There
are
always
many
tourists
who
enjoy
the
beautiful
lakes,beaches,and
mountains
and
who
visit
the
historical
places.
1.Why
are
the
six
states
called
New
England?
A.They
are
now
ruled
by
England.
B.They
were
once
colonies
of
England.
C.There
were
people
from
England.
D.The
states
were
near
England.
2.What
did
the
people
use
to
build
their
houses?
A.Stones
and
steel.
B.Plastic
and
wood.
C.Stones
and
wood.
D.Stones
and
cement.
3.Which
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.There
are
six
states
in
New
England.
B.The
states
became
known
as
New
England
after
the
American
Revolutionary
War.
C.Many
tourists
come
to
New
England
and
enjoy
themselves.
D.The
six
states
have
many
similar
things.
B
It
has
been
around
for
centuries,
but
up
until
very
recently,
traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
wasn't
fully
accepted
abroad.
Proof
of
this
can
be
found
in
The
Treatment
(《刮痧》),
a
2001
film
that
tells
the
story
of
a
Chinese
man
in
the
US
who's
charged
with
abuse
after
he
uses
guasha,
a
form
of
TCM
treatment,
to
cure
his
grandson's
disease.
During
the
last
10
years
or
so,
however,
TCM
has
been
getting
increasingly
popular
all
over
the
world.
A
report
released
by
the
State
Council
Information
Office
on
Dec.
6
says
this
style
of
health
care,
which
includes
different
forms
like
herbal
medicine
as
well
as
exercise,
has
spread
to
183
countries
and
regions.
“We
have
set
up
10
TCM
centers
outside
China,
and
all
of
them
are
popular
among
locals,”
Wang
Guoqiang,
head
of
the
State
Administration
of
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine,
said
at
a
news
conference
on
Dec.
6.
“Governments
of
86
countries
and
regions
have
signed
agreements
with
the
Chinese
government
on
TCM
cooperation.”
One
of
the
reasons
behind
the
growing
popularity
of
TCM
is
the
increase
in
scientific
research
into
it.
And
after
Tu
Youyou—the
Chinese
scientist
who
discovered
the
anti-malarial(抗疟疾的)
drug
artemisinin(青蒿素)—won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
2015,
TCM
became
even
more
famous
internationally.
However,
all
these
achievements
in
TCM
don't
mean
that
it's
problem-free.
Over
the
years,
TCM
has
faced
challenges
in
being
able
to
prove
that
it
has
certain
effects.
Some
researchers
have
suggested
TCM
should
be
more
exact
and
work
together
with
Western
medicine.
“Bringing
Western
medicine
and
TCM
together,
rather
than
in
competition,
is
where
the
potential
for
great
effects
is,”
said
Bernhard
Schwartlander,
the
Chinese
representative
of
the
World
Health
Organization.
4.Why
is
the
film
The
Treatment
mentioned
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.To
introduce
the
film
to
readers.
B.To
show
TCM
is
increasingly
popular.
C.To
arouse
readers'
interest
in
Western
medicine.
D.To
prove
that
TCM
is
not
fully
accepted
in
foreign
countries.
5.What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A.TCM
is
not
exact
in
curing
diseases.
B.10
TCM
centers
abroad
are
all
set
up
by
locals.
C.86
countries
have
cooperated
with
China
on
TCM.
D.Tu
Youyou's
success
contributes
to
the
popularity
of
TCM.
6.According
to
Bernhard
Schwartlander,
TCM
should
　　　　.?
A.combine
Western
medicine
B.face
no
challenge
at
all
C.give
an
exact
description
of
its
effects
D.compete
with
Western
medicine
Ⅱ.七选五
As
the
most
significant
and
traditional
festival
in
China,
Chinese
New
Year
is
associated
with
many
traditions
and
customs.
Some
of
these
traditions
are
dying
out,
so
people
feel
that
the
festival
becomes
less
interesting
and
conventional.
　1　?
1.Kowtowing
to
Elders
Chinese
New
Year
traditions
regarding
greeting
are
not
like
kissing,
embracing,
and
handshaking
in
Western
countries.
In
the
past,
the
first
thing
for
a
Chinese
New
Year
visit
started
with
kowtowing
to
the
elders.
You
need
to
kneel
down
to
show
respect
and
gratitude
to
the
elders.
　2　
Nowadays,
the
young
generation
rejects
such
a
way
of
greeting,
so
the
practice
is
abandoned
gradually
in
modern
cities,
while
in
some
rural
areas,
the
tradition
is
still
kept.?
2.Staying
Up
on
Chinese
New
Year's
Eve
According
to
a
legend,
the
fierce
monster
Nian
would
come
to
harm
people
and
livestock(牲畜)
on
Chinese
New
Year's
Eve,
which
would
cause
great
damage
to
people's
efforts
of
a
whole
year.
　3　
When
staying
up
all
night,
people
will
find
something
to
kill
time,
such
as
chatting,
watching
TV,
and
playing
cards
or
mahjong.
It
is
really
difficult
to
stay
awake
for
a
whole
night,
so
Chinese
people
are
beginning
to
abandon
this
tradition.?
3.No
Sweeping
or
Dumping
on
the
Lunar
New
Year's
Day
In
the
old
days,
it
was
considered
improper
to
sweep
the
house,
or
dump
rubbish
on
the
first
day
of
the
lunar
year,
for
it
promised
that
all
the
good
luck
and
fortune
would
be
driven
far
away.
　4　
Therefore,
the
practice
is
becoming
obscure(鲜为人知的).?
4.Opening-door
Firecrackers
People
will
set
off
firecrackers
in
the
early
morning
of
the
Lunar
New
Year's
Day.
　5　
People
wish
to
welcome
the
good
luck
inside
when
they
open
their
doors
in
the
morning.
Some
companies
will
also
set
off
opening-door
firecrackers
when
people
return
to
work.
The
firecrackers
lead
to
air
pollution
and
also
bring
potential
risk,
so
now
this
tradition
is
rarely
seen.?
A.Once
they
wake
up,
it
is
the
first
thing
they
do.
B.To
avoid
its
attack,
people
should
shut
doors
and
stay
awake.
C.The
Spring
Festival
is
a
good
chance
for
separated
friends
and
families
to
get
together.
D.Well,
let's
discover
the
vanishing(正在消失的)
Chinese
New
Year
traditions
you
may
not
know.
E.It
is
really
physically
challenging
work
if
you
have
a
big
family
and
you
happen
to
be
the
youngest.
F.However,
people
nowadays
are
likely
to
keep
the
house
clean
and
tidy,
especially
when
they
have
guests.
G.All
the
trash
should
be
dumped
afterwards,
symbolizing
all
the
poverty
and
hardship
will
be
thrown
away.
1.　　　
2.　　　
3.　　　
4.　　　
5.　　　?
参考答案
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.individual　2.battle　3.nearby　4.chief
Ⅱ.1.is
joined
to　2.keep
your
eyes
open
for　3.as
well
as
4.break
away
from
Ⅲ.1.location　考查名词。句意:他首先看的是自己办公室的位置。根据
his
office's可知此处应用名词,故填location。
2.surrounding　考查形容词。句意:我们站在瞭望塔上,欣赏周围的景色。修饰名词scenes应用形容词,surrounding意为“周围的”。
3.defence　考查名词。句意:士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。in
defence
of为了保护。故填defence。
4.fascinating　考查形容词。句意:三亚是我去过的最迷人的地方。修饰名词place,应用形容词,place指物,故填fascinating“迷人的”。
5.achievement　考查名词。句意:如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。根据a
remarkable可知此处应用名词单数形式,故填achievement。
6.illegal　考查反义词。句意:根据新法律,在公共场合吸烟是违法的。根据句意可知,此处应用“违法的”,故填illegal。
7.belonging　考查现在分词。句意:属于这家公司的这个网站很受年轻人的欢迎。belong
to属于,不用于被动语态和进行时,此处应用现在分词作定语。
8.puzzled　考查形容词。句意:关于为什么这头鲸游到海岸上来,科学家们感到不解。主句的主语是Scientists,were后应用形容词作表语,形容人“迷惑不解的”,故用puzzled。
9.evident　考查形容词。句意:明显的是,儒家哲学影响了很多古代的人。is后面要跟形容词作表语,故填evident。
Ⅳ.1.names　考查名词的数。句意:稍微了解一下英国的历史会帮助你理解这些不同的名字——联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——的意思。name为可数名词,此处被these
different修饰,因此用复数形式。
2.was
joined　考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在16世纪,邻近的国家威尔士并入英格兰王国。根据时间状语In
the
16th
century可知应用一般过去时;主语the
nearby
country
of
Wales与join之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.to
create　考查不定式。句意:在19世纪,爱尔兰王国加入,成立大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。此处作结果状语,应用动词不定式。
4.which　考查定语从句。句意:最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,这就产生了我们今天的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。
5.known　考查过去分词。句意:这四个国家使用同样的旗帜,被称为联合王国国旗,也拥有同样的货币和国防。be
known
as“被称为”,此处作后置定语,应用过去分词。
6.defence　考查名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作动词share的宾语,且有形容词military修饰,故填名词。
7.has　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可以探索。此处叙述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为The
United
Kingdom,因此谓语动词用单数形式。
8.and　考查连词。句意:英国历史上有四个不同民族——古罗马人、盎格鲁—撒克逊人、维京人和诺曼人——在不同历史时期执掌这个国家,无论你身处英国何方,这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。分析句子结构可知,the
Romans、the
Anglo-Saxons、the
Vikings
和the
Normans为并列成分,故填并列连词and。
9.over　考查固定搭配。句意同上。此处指执掌这个国家。应用短语take
over,意为“接管”。故填over。
10.the　考查冠词。句意:关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多要了解。此处特指英国的历史和文化,故用定冠词the。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新英格兰的历史和现状。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The
six
states
were
among
the
first
colonies
in
America.
The
colonies
were
conquered
by
England,and
this
is
why
the
area
became
known
as
New
England.”可知,那六个州被称为新英格兰是因为它们曾是英国的殖民地,故B项正确。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They
then
used
wood
from
the
trees
and
stones
from
the
fields
to
build
houses,schools,
and
churches.”可知,新英格兰的人们用木材和石头建造房屋、学校和教堂,故C项正确。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The
colonies
were
conquered
by
England...colonies
became
states.”可知,早在是英国的殖民地时期,这六个州就被称为新英格兰,在美国独立战争后变成了州,所以这些州并不是在美国独立战争后才被称为新英格兰的,故B项错误。A项“新英格兰有六个州”,根据第一段第一句话可知,这个说法是正确的;C项“许多游客来到新英格兰,并玩得很开心”,根据文章最后一段最后一句可知,这个说法正确;D项“这六个州有许多相似的东西”,根据第二段第一句可知,这个说法正确。
B
　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中医在国外的发展。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but
up
until
very
recently,
traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
wasn't
fully
accepted
abroad”可知,直到最近,中医在国外还没有被完全接受。由“Proof
of
this
can
be
found
in
The
Treatment
(《刮痧》)...a
Chinese
man
in
the
US
who's
charged
with
abuse
after
he
uses
guasha...”可知,中医在国外没有被完全接受的证据可以从2001年的电影《刮痧》中找到,这部电影讲述了一个在美国的中国人在使用刮痧(一种中医疗法)治愈孙子的疾病后被指控虐待的故事。故选D。A项“为了向读者介绍这部电影”;B项“为了表明中医越来越受欢迎”;C项“为了唤起读者对西医的兴趣”。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“And
after
Tu
Youyou—the
Chinese
scientist
who
discovered
the
anti-malarial
drug
artemisinin—won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
2015,
TCM
became
even
more
famous
internationally.”可知,在中国科学家屠呦呦发现了抗疟疾的药青蒿素,并在2015年获得诺贝尔奖后,中医在国际上的知名度更高了。因此屠呦呦的成功促进了中医的普及。故选D。A项“中医在治愈疾病方面不精确”,根据第六段“Some
researchers
have
suggested
TCM
should
be
more
exact...”
可知中医本身不是不精确,只是有研究者建议中医应该更精确一些;B项“10个国外的中医中心都是由当地人设立的”,根据第三段中的“‘We
have
set
up
10
TCM
centers
outside
China...'
Wang
Guoqiang...said
at
a
news
conference
on
Dec.
6.
”可知,10个中医中心是中国设立的,它们都很受当地人的欢迎;C项“86个国家已经与中国在中医上有了合作”,根据第三段中的“Governments
of
86
countries
and
regions
have
signed
agreements
with
the
Chinese
government
on
TCM
cooperation.”可知是86个国家和地区。
6.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bringing
Western
medicine
and
TCM
together,
rather
than
in
competition,
is
where
the
potential
for
great
effects
is”可知,Bernhard
Schwartlander建议将中医和西医结合起来,而不是让其竞争。故选A。
Ⅱ.　本文是一篇说明文。作为中国最重要的传统节日,中国春节有许多传统习俗,本文介绍了四个正在消失的春节传统。
1.D　根据该空所在位置判断该空填入句应起到总领全文的作用,再根据文章主题内容“正在消失的春节传统”可知,D项(那么,让我们来看看那些正在消失的、你可能不知道的中国春节传统吧。)符合语境。
2.E　根据本段的小标题“向长辈磕头”可知本段主旨,再根据空前两句“在过去,春节拜年的第一件事从向长辈磕头开始。你需要跪下来表达对长辈的尊敬和感激之情。”可判断,此处填入E项(如果你有一个大家庭,而你又恰好是辈分最小的,那真的是挑战体力的活儿。)It指代kowtowing
to
the
elders。
3.B　根据本段小标题“除夕夜守岁”可知本段主旨,再根据空前句“根据一个传说,凶猛的怪兽‘年’会在除夕之夜来伤害人和牲畜,这将对人们一整年的努力造成巨大的破坏。”和空后句“熬一整夜的时候,人们会找些事情来打发时间,比如聊天、看电视、打牌或打麻将。”可知,B项(为了避免它的袭击,人们应该关上门,保持清醒。)符合语境。
4.F　根据本段小标题“不在农历正月初一扫除和倒垃圾”可知本段主旨,空后句意为“因此,这种做法正变得鲜为人知。”空后句中的Therefore一词体现的因果逻辑关系可知空处填入句应体现这种做法逐渐消失的原因。F项(然而,现在人们很可能会保持房子的干净和整洁,特别是有访客的时候。)符合语境。
5.A　根据本段小标题“开门炮”可知本段主旨,再根据空前句(在农历正月初一的清晨,人们会燃放鞭炮)中的in
the
early
morning和空后句(人们希望早上开门的时候能把好运迎进来)中的when
they
open
their
doors
in
the
morning这两个时间状语可知放开门炮的时间,与A项(一旦人们醒来,他们做的第一件事就是这个)表述的时间相符,the
first
thing指放开门炮。