外研版（2019）高中英语：必修二 Unit 6 Earth first Part 1 Starting out 同步练习（Word版有答案）

Unit
6　Earth
first
Part
1　Starting
out
&Understanding
ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He
tried
to
escape
by
　　　(潜水)
into
a
river,
but
unfortunately
he
was
found
by
the
police.?
2.It
　　　(使……惊恐)
me
to
think
I
was
alone
in
the
building.?
3.The
fast
food
industry
selfishly
　　　(把……作为目标)
children,
making
them
obese
after
eating
too
much
high-calorie
food.?
4.If
you
want
to
improve
your
present
situation,
you
must
have
a
positive
　　　(态度)to
it.?
5.A
　　　(鲨鱼)is
a
large
sea
fish
with
very
sharp
teeth
and
a
pointed
fin
on
its
back.?
6.The
climate
change
might
be
one
of
the
causes
of
the
e　　　of
dinosaurs.?
Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空
due
to;by
mistake;tell
the
story
of;in
fear;be
scared
of;rather
than;the
other
way
round
1.This
film
which
　　　　　　a
family
living
in
a
remote
village
is
really
moving.?
2.My
coat
isn’t
here,
so
I
guess
someone
must
have
taken
it
　　　　　　.?
3.Delivery
robots
have
replaced
some
of
the
jobs
of
couriers
　　　　　　the
development
of
new
technology.?
4.You
should
face
the
problems
bravely
and
try
to
solve
them
as
soon
as
possible
　　　　　　escape
from
them.?
5.I
don’t
think
we
can
manage
it
that
way;
I
think
it
should
go
on
　　　　　　.?
6.My
sister
　　　　　　darkness,
so
she
daren’t
go
out
alone
at
night.?
7.The
woman
looked
at
the
robber
　　　　　　.?
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.She
lost
her
watch,
but　　　　(fortunate)
she
found
it
on
her
way
home.?
2.We
all
have
full
confidence
that
the
conference
will
be　　　　great
success.?
3.Fifteen
million
trees
were
blown
down
by
the
high
winds,
　　　　(block)
roads,paths
and
railway
lines.?
4.The
outbreak
of
COVID-19
in
our
country
has
raised
people’s　　　　(aware)
of
public
health
safety.?
5.It
is
estimated
that
　　　　number
of
college
graduates
will
pass
the
9
million
mark
in
2021.?
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我路过的时候看见他正被人用担架抬走。
I
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　on
a
stretcher
when
I
passed
by.?
2.我们正在吃晚餐,这时一个陌生人进来了。
We
　　　　　　　　　　　　a
stranger
came
in.?
3.不是每个学生都能通过研究生入学考试,那些失败者依旧面临就业的压力。
　　　
　　　　　　can
pass
the
postgraduate
entrance
examination,
and
those
who
fail
still
face
the
pressure
of
employment.?
4.听!你听到有人正在喊救命吗?
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
　　　　　　　　　?
?
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
　　The
1975
film
Jaws
tells
the
story
of
a
great
white
shark　1　attacks
and
kills
swimmers.
It
strengthened
people’s
long-held
idea
of
the
great
white
shark
as
a
dangerous
animal.?
People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks,
but
Jaws
made
things　2　(bad).
Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea,
afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film.
Other
people
started
fishing
for
sharks,
killing
as
many
as
they
could.
At
that
time,
nobody　3　(care)
if
sharks
were
killed,
or
how
many
were
killed.
People
just
wanted
them　4　(kill).?
After
1975,　5　number
of
large
sharks
around
America
fell
quickly.
This
was
not
only
due　6　fear
of
sharks,
but
also
finning.
Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks　7　(catch)
and
their
fins
are
cut
off.
Finning
kills　8　(million)
of
sharks
a
year.?
　9　(fortunate),
not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.
Today,
as
we
learn
more
about
sharks,
more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from　10　(extinct).?
1.　　　
2.　　　
3.　　　
4.　　　
5.　　　?
6.　　　
7.　　　
8.　　　
9.　　　
10.　　　?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
　　Italy
adopted
a
new
law
to
cut
down
food
waste—the
second
such
law
in
Europe,
joining
France’s.
So
what’s
the
United
States
doing
with
the
30
percent
of
its
food
that
is
simply
thrown
away?
Italy’s
Senate
gave
final
approval(批准)
to
encourage
businesses,
shops
and
restaurants
to
donate
their
unused
food
to
charities.
That’s
a
practice
that
historically
hasn’t
been
a
part
of
Italian
culture.
Italy
discards
more
than
17
percent
of
its
food
every
year.
Calling
Italy’s
level
of
food
waste
unacceptable,
Agriculture
Minister
Maurizio
Martina
told
the
newspaper
La
Repubblica,
“With
this
law,
we
get
closer
and
closer
to
the
aim
of
recovering
a
million
tons
of
food
and
giving
it
to
those
who
need
it.”
The
U.S.
Agriculture
Department’s
Economic
Research
Service
says
that
more
than
30
percent
of
the
U.S.
food
supply
is
wasted—133
billion
pounds
of
it
every
year,
equal
to
$161
billion.
“In
a
world
full
of
hunger
and
changeable
food
prices,
these
statistics(统计数字)
are
more
than
just
appalling,”
according
to
the
North
American
office
of
the
U.N.
Environment
Program.
“More
surprisingly,
most
of
the
waste
food
is
completely
healthy
food
that
could
have
helped
feed
poor
families,”
the
Agriculture
Department
says.
Several
efforts
are
under
way
in
some
departments.
The
Agriculture
Department
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
for
example,
set
a
goal
last
year
of
cutting
what
they
called
“food
loss”
in
half
by
2030.
The
idea
is
to
improve
product
development,
storage,
marketing
and
cooking
methods
and
recycle
food
waste
to
feed
animals.
Meanwhile,
legislation(立法)
in
both
houses
of
Congress
aims
at
reducing
food
waste
and
pays
more
attention
to
educating
buyers
on
what
different
labels(标签)
really
mean
so
that
they
don’t
throw
away
perfectly
good
food.
Research
by
the
Harvard
Food
Law
and
Policy
Clinic
found
that
45
percent
of
all
food
waste
happens
in
the
home,
for
buyers’
confusion
over
the
importance
of
date
labels—which
aren’t
based
on
any
science
and
aren’t
controlled
by
the
government.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What
does
Maurizio
Martina
think
of
Italy’s
level
of
food
waste?
A.It
has
become
very
serious.
B.It
is
not
as
serious
as
America’s.
C.It
has
been
successfully
controlled
in
recent
years.
D.It
is
the
most
serious
among
all
European
countries.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“appalling”
in
Paragraph
2
most
probably
mean?
A.Interesting.
B.Exciting.
C.Encouraging.
D.Shocking.
3.What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.Most
food
waste
happens
in
restaurants.
B.Some
buyers
don’t
get
into
the
habit
of
saving
food.
C.It
is
the
government’s
duty
to
control
the
food
waste.
D.Some
buyers
don’t
realize
the
importance
of
the
date
labels.
B
My
sister
Alice
and
I
have
been
trying
to
get
people
to
stop
dropping
cigarette
butts(烟头)for
seven
years.
One
day,
when
we
were
walking
in
our
hometown,
we
saw
hundreds
of
cigarette
butts
on
the
ground.
They
made
the
town
look
so
ugly
that
we
decided
to
start
a
group
to
make
people
stop
dropping
butts.
We
called
it
“No
Butts
About
It”.
At
first,
we
drew
pictures
with
“The
Earth
is
not
your
ashtray(烟灰缸)”written
on
them.
We
put
up
the
pictures
around
our
hometown—in
parks,
by
beaches,
and
along
roads.
We
wanted
to
make
people
understand
that
dropping
butts
hurts
the
environment.
Most
smokers
don’t
think
that
dropping
butts
damages
the
Earth.
But
it
does,
and
all
rubbish
does!
Later,
we
wrote
to
companies
and
asked
them
for
money
to
help
us.
We
used
the
money
to
buy
ashtrays
and
gave
them
to
smokers.
We
wanted
smokers
to
carry
the
ashtrays
with
them
so
they
didn’t
have
to
drop
butts.
At
the
moment,
we
are
trying
to
get
cigarette
companies
to
put
an
ashtray
in
each
pack
of
cigarettes.
Some
companies
want
to
do
it.
Many
people
have
started
to
join
our
group
since
it
began.
Today
there
are
45
other
“No
Butts
About
It”
groups
in
America.
Now
there
are
even
groups
in
England,
Australia,
and
India!
Many
newspapers
have
written
about
my
sister
and
me
over
the
last
seven
years.
And
we
have
won
many
prizes
for
what
we
do.
But
we
are
not
interested
in
prizes.
We
just
devote
ourselves
to
making
the
Earth
a
better
and
cleaner
place
for
animals,
plants
and
people.
One
day,
it
will
be.
4.What
did
the
writer
think
about
the
cigarette
butts
in
the
first
place?　　　　　　　　　　
A.They
made
the
town
smelly.
B.They
made
the
town
unhealthy.
C.They
made
the
town
dirty.
D.They
made
the
town
poor.
5.What
does
the
writer
do
with
the
cigarette
butts?
A.Give
ashtrays
to
the
smokers.
B.Stop
people
buying
cigarettes.
C.Pick
up
the
cigarette
butts.
D.Win
prizes
for
starting
groups.
6.From
the
passage
we
can
know
that　　　.?
A.no
companies
wanted
to
give
money
to
them
B.the
writer
believes
that
the
Earth
will
be
a
better
and
cleaner
place
C.there
are
only
45
“No
Butts
About
It”
groups
D.the
writer
likes
to
be
on
newspapers
and
win
prizes
7.Which
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.Save
our
town
from
cigarette
butts
B.Buy
yourself
an
ashtray
C.Cigarette
butts
also
destroy
other
countries
D.No
butts
prize
Ⅱ.七选五
China
has
made
great
improvements
in
environmental
protection
during
the
past
70
years.
　1　
Each
species
on
Earth
has
a
role
to
play
in
the
ecosystem.?
In
recent
decades,
a
series
of
wildlife-protection
campaigns
have
been
carried
out
by
the
central
government.　2　The
giant
panda
and
the
crested
ibis
are
among
these
success
stories.?
The
giant
panda
used
to
have
a
population
of
1,114
in
the
1970s.
It
now
totals
1,864
thanks
to
52
protection
areas.　3　By
the
end
of
last
year,
seven
of
the
nine
pandas
released
had
survived
in
the
wild.　4　In
1981,
only
seven
crested
ibises
were
found
in
Yangxian
County,Shaanxi
Province.Since
then,breeding
programs
have
helped
the
population
reach
2,000.China
has
even
sent
crested
ibises
to
Japan
and
South
Korea
in
recent
years,
to
help
with
the
species’
survival.?
　5　Key
projects
will
be
continually
carried
out
to
improve
protection,including
making
the
lists
of
wild
animals
and
plants
under
state
protection,and
fighting
against
illegal
wildlife
trade,
which
includes
ivory(象牙).?
A.Another
species
was
once
thought
to
be
extinct.
B.Protecting
wildlife
is,
without
doubt,
an
important
part.
C.China
will
continue
its
efforts
at
the
wildlife
protection.
D.People
call
for
immediate
protection
of
the
remaining
species.
E.Scientists
have
worked
to
feed
pandas
and
then
release
them
into
the
wild.
F.As
environmental
damage
has
increased,
signs
of
change
have
appeared
around
the
world.
G.Several
species
in
danger
of
extinction
have
made
impressive
progress
due
to
the
methods.
1.　　　
2.　　　
3.　　　
4.　　　
5.　　　?
参考答案
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.diving　2.scared　3.targets　4.attitude　5.shark　6.extinction
Ⅱ.1.tells
the
story
of　2.by
mistake　3.due
to　4.rather
than
5.the
other
way
round　6.is
scared
of　7.in
fear
Ⅲ.1.fortunately　考查副词。句意:她的表丢了,但幸运的是,她在回家的路上找到了它。本空修饰but后的分句,故应用副词fortunately“幸运地”。
2.a　考查冠词。句意:我们都有充分的信心,这次会议将会非常成功。success表示“成功的事”时,为可数名词,且great以辅音音素开头,故本空应用不定冠词a。
3.blocking　考查现在分词。句意:1,500万棵树被狂风刮倒,把公路、小路和铁路都堵塞了。　　　(block)
roads,paths
and
railway
lines在句中作结果状语,表示“自然而然、顺理成章”的结果,故应用现在分词。?
4.awareness　考查名词。句意:在我国,新冠肺炎的暴发提高了人们对于公共卫生安全的意识。本空在句中作动词raise的宾语,故应用名词awareness。
5.the　考查冠词。句意:预计2021年大学毕业生人数将突破900万大关。the
number
of意为“……的数量”,故本空应用定冠词the。
Ⅳ.1.saw
him
being
carried
away
2.were
having
dinner
when
3.Not
every
student
4.calling
for
help
Ⅴ.1.that/which　考查定语从句。句意:1975年的电影《大白鲨》讲述了一条袭击并杀死游泳者的大白鲨的故事。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词a
great
white
shark,且在从句中作主语,指物,故应用关系代词that或which。
2.worse　考查形容词比较级。句意:人们一直害怕鲨鱼,但是《大白鲨》使情况变得更糟糕。根据句意可知,本空应用形容词bad的比较级。
3.cared　考查时态。句意:那时候,没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀死了或者有多少鲨鱼被杀了。根据At
that
time可知,本空应用一般过去时。
4.killed　考查过去分词。句意:人们只想要它们(鲨鱼)被杀死。本空在句中作宾语补足语,动词kill和宾语them之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作宾补。
5.the　考查冠词。句意:1975年之后,美国周围的大鲨鱼数量迅速下降。the
number
of意为“……的数量”,故本空应填定冠词the。
6.to　考查介词。句意:这不仅是因为对鲨鱼的恐惧……。due
to意为“由于,因为”,故本空应填介词to。
7.are
caught　考查时态及语态。句意:割鱼鳍是一种捕鱼方式,在这种捕鱼方式中,鲨鱼被抓住,鱼鳍被割掉。根据主句时态可知,本空应用一般现在时,且sharks和动词catch之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。
8.millions　考查数词。句意:割鱼鳍一年杀死数百万头鲨鱼。million前没有具体的数字且此处与of连用,故应用复数形式。
9.Fortunately　考查副词。句意:幸运的是,不是每个看过电影《大白鲨》的人都变得害怕鲨鱼……。本空修饰整句话,故应用副词形式。
10.extinction　考查名词。句意:今天,随着我们对鲨鱼的了解越来越多,想要保护鲨鱼免遭灭绝的人比以往任何时候都多。根据空前介词from可知,本空应用名词形式。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章从意大利立法控制食物浪费的做法说起,报道了其他国家各部门对于食物浪费的看法和做法。
1.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中Calling
Italy?s
level
of
food
waste
unacceptable,
Agriculture
Minister
Maurizio
Martina
told
the
newspaper
La
Repubblica,
“With
this
law,
we
get
closer
and
closer
to
the
aim
of
recovering
a
million
tons
of
food
and
giving
it
to
those
who
need
it.”(农业部长Maurizio
Martina称意大利的食物浪费水平令人无法接受,他对《共和报》说:“有了这项法律,我们离收回100万吨食物并将其提供给有需要的人的目标越来越近。”)可知,Maurizio
Martina认为意大利的粮食浪费的现象很严重。故选A项。文中说明了意大利食物浪费的严重性,但没有和欧洲的其他国家以及美国进行对比,故B项和D项不选,C项在文中无相关信息。
2.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前提及的数据以及下文“More
surprisingly,
most
of
the
waste
food
is
completely
healthy
food
that
could
have
helped
feed
poor
families,”the
Agriculture
Department
says.(农业部说:“更令人惊讶的是,大部分被浪费的食物都是完全健康的食物,这些食物本可以帮助养活贫困家庭。”)可推断,此处的“appalling”应是“令人震惊的”的意思。故选D项。A项“有趣的”,B项“令人兴奋的”和C项“鼓舞人心的”均不符合题意。
3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知哈佛食品法律和政策诊所研究发现,45%的食物浪费发生在家里,因为购买者对日期标签的重要性感到困惑——这没有任何科学依据,也不受政府的控制。由此可推断,一些消费者不知道食物有效期也是造成浪费的重要原因。故选D项。A项“大部分食物浪费发生在餐馆”与文意不符;B项“一些购买者没有养成节约食物的习惯”在文中没有相关信息;C项“控制食品浪费是政府的责任”的表述过于片面,故不选。
B
　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者与姐姐两个人为了不让人们乱扔烟头而发起了一个组织,并积极向公司寻求帮助。在过去几年里她们的组织给美国,甚至其他国家带来了影响,她们也因此获得奖项。她们只希望地球环境变得更好。
4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中They
made
the
town
look
so
ugly
that
we
decided
to
start
a
group
to
make
people
stop
dropping
butts.可知,她们成立该组织的最初原因是:烟头让城镇变得非常难看。C项符合以上说法。A、B、D三项在文中均未提及。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知,作者与姐姐找公司赞助买了烟灰缸给那些抽烟的人,故选A项。B、C两项在文中均未提及,D项“因为创办组织赢得奖项”是不乱扔烟头的活动带来的影响,不符合题意,故不选。
6.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中We
just
devote
ourselves
to
making
the
Earth
a
better
and
cleaner
place
for
animals,
plants
and
people.和最后一段One
day,
it
will
be.可以推测出,作者相信地球终有一天会变得更好、更干净。B项符合题意。根据第三段第一、二句可知,一些公司给了她们金钱上的赞助,她们才能买烟灰缸给吸烟者,故A项“没有公司愿意给她们钱”的表述不正确。根据第四段最后一句Today
there
are
45
other
“No
Butts
About
It”
groups
in
America.和倒数第二段中Now
there
are
even
groups
in
England,
Australia,
and
India!可知,组织的个数应该不仅仅有45个,故C项不选。根据倒数第二段中But
we
are
not
interested
in
prizes.可知,她们对奖项不感兴趣,故D项不正确。
7.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中They
made
the
town
look
so
ugly
that
we
decided
to
start
a
group
to
make
people
stop
dropping
butts.We
called
it
“No
Butts
About
It”.可知,本文主要讲述了作者和她的姐姐一直设法呼吁人们不要乱扔烟头。故A项可以作为标题概括全文。
Ⅱ.　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的70年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步,其中保护野生动物无疑是重要的一环。
1.B　根据上句China
has
made
great
improvements
in
environmental
protection
during
the
past
70
years.可知,在过去的70年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了很大的进步。根据下句Each
species
on
Earth
has
a
role
to
play
in
the
ecosystem.可知,地球上的每一个物种都在生态系统中起着作用。所以保护野生动物无疑是重要的一个环节。故选B。
2.G　根据上句In
recent
decades,
a
series
of
wildlife-protection
campaigns
have
been
carried
out
by
the
central
government.可知,近几十年来,中央政府开展了一系列的野生动物保护运动。所以一些濒临灭绝的物种的保护由于采取了这些措施而取得了令人瞩目的进展。故选G。
下文的The
giant
panda
and
the
crested
ibis也是提示。
3.E　根据下句By
the
end
of
last
year,
seven
of
the
nine
pandas
released
had
survived
in
the
wild.可知,到去年年底,放归的9只大熊猫中有7只在野外存活。所以科学家们一直致力于喂养大熊猫,然后将它们放归野外。故选E。
4.A　根据下文可知,1981年,在陕西省的洋县,只发现了七只朱鹮。而近年来,中国甚至将朱鹮送往日本和韩国,以帮助该物种的生存。所以A项“另一个物种曾经被认为要灭绝了”。符合语境。
5.C　根据下文可知,继续实施重点保护工程,包括制定国家保护野生动植物名录,打击包括象牙在内的非法野生动物贸易。所以中国将继续加强野生动物保护。故选C。