Unit 3 Travel journal
The First Period
●从容说课
This is the first period of this unit.This unit is about travel，so the teacher can first brainstorm the words or phrases about travel.Since there are some new words for the names of the countries and cities in Southeast Asia，the teacher can first deal with them with the help of a map.Then Ss are supposed to find out the one-way fare to get to the destination for different kinds of transportation.This task gives Ss a chance to practise getting information through the Internet.Later Ss are required to talk in pairs about the following six questions：（1）When are you leaving？（2）How are you going to...？（3）When are you arriving in/at...？（4）Where are you staying？（5）How long are you staying in...？（6）When are you coming back？This part is designs to smooth away Ss’ difficulty in understanding the present continuous for future use.
To lead in the text，the teacher can ask Ss to discuss why a river is great or what a river can be used for.Then tell Ss the Mekong is a great river like the Changjiang River，and it is the birthplace of old civilization and lifeblood of the Southeast Asia.
Reading skills are very important for senior students.For the first reading，we intend to cultivate Ss’ skimming ability.They are required to list the words referring to different topographical features in the text.Then they are required to match these words with the English explanations.Through this part we can develop Ss’ ability of guessing the meanings of new words according to the contexts.To stimulate Ss to take part in the class activity more actively，the teacher can organize a group competition，to see which group can finish the task fastest and best.To show Ss the different topography，the teacher can present some pictures.Later on，the teacher will teach some other new words in the text and ask Ss to pronounce these words correctly.For the second reading，the teacher will present five statements for the students to judge.This part is designed to get Ss into the habit of reading a passage as a whole，that is，to get the general idea.Another purpose of this part is to ask Ss to pay attention to the details.
The teacher asks Ss to read the title and subtitle in order to make them think about the organization of the whole passage，and this method can help them not only in their understanding but also in writing a passage.To develop Ss’ scanning ability，the teacher designs five questions，some of which are very difficult.So the teacher will help them to read between the lines，thus Ss can gradually get the ability to understand the writer’s implied meanings.
To consolidate the new words in the passage，the teacher asks Ss to finish Part 1 and Part 3 on Page 20 after class.At the same time，they are required to find out what they should pay attention to when going traveling.This part is designed to help Ss to get the sense of protecting themselves and nature.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn the following new words and their pronunciation：
journal，fare，transport，Vientiane，Laos，Phnom Penh，Cambodia，Ho Chi Minh，Vietnam，Mekong，finally，cycle，persuade，stubborn，insist，source，proper（ly），detail，determine，determined，altitude，atlas，glacier，Tibetan，rapids，valley，waterfall，plain，delta.
（2）Get to know that the present continuous tense can be used for future use.
（3）Get to know what a river can be used for.
2.Ability：
（1）Learn to get information through the Internet.
（2）Grasp some reading skills.
3.Emotion：
Stimulate Ss’ love for nature by getting them to know the greatness of a river.
●教学重点
Get Ss to learn different reading skills，especially the abilities of understanding the implied meanings.
●教学难点
（1）Know the meanings and pronunciation of the new words.
（2）Learn different reading skills for different reading purposes.
●教具准备
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Teacher：Hello，my friends.
Students：Hello，Miss Xu.
Step 2 Warming-up
T：We have known each other for 2 weeks and I think we have become friends.Can you tell me what your hobbies are？
S：I like singing and dancing/football/surfing on the Internet/skiing/traveling...
T：Good.Then when you come across the word “traveling”，what will you think of？
S：Travel cost/means/destination/plan...
T：Yes.Before we set off，we should first make travel plan，I mean we should first decide the destination，the means of transport and its fare.（Write the three words on the blackboard.）
Here “destination” means “a place to which sb.is going”.
We can go to our destination by different means of transport，for example，by bus，by train，by plane and so on.
“Transport fare” refers to how much you pay for the plane/train ticket.
Now，look at the screen，read after me the three words.
Suppose you and your friend are going to Southeast Asia，which country or city do you suggest visiting？Here is a map to help you.
S：Thailand，Philippines，Singapore，越南，柬埔寨，老挝...
T：Good，I can see you are good at geography.But you’d better say these names in English and pronounce them correctly.Please read after me：
Vientiane，Laos，Phnom Penh，Cambodia，Ho Chi Minh，Vietnam.
T：Now I give you several minutes to complete the chart.
T：Please tell me what you have got.
S：...
T：Then，I’ll ask you and your partner to ask and answer the following six questions：
（1）When are you leaving？
（2）How are you going to...？
（3）When are you arriving in/at...？
（4）Where are you staying？
（5）How long are you staying in...？
（6）When are you coming back？
T：Tell me what tense is used in each sentence？
S：The present continuous tense.
T：Do you think it describes what is happening now or at present？
S：...
T：No，it describes what will happen in the future.
Question 1 means “When are you going to leave/When will you leave？”Can you say the rest five questions in another two ways？
S：...
Step 3 Pre-reading
T：Now look at the map again and we can see a great river flows through the countries mentioned above.Do you know its name？
S：眉公河。
T：Yes，the Mekong.By the way，what can a river bring us？Or what do we use a river for？
S1：A river can provides us with drinking water.
S2：We can use a river to wash different things like clothes，vegetables.
S3：We can get fish from a river.
S4：Our crops and plants need to be watered.（We can use a river for irrigation.）
S5：A river was and now still is one of the great means of transport.
S6：Water can be used to make electricity.
T：Great，so we always say a river is the birthplace of civilization and lifeblood of a certain place.And the Mekong is one such river.Today our text will show us around the great river.
Step 4 First reading
T：Along the Mekong，we can see different topographical features.Go through the passage quickly and find out 7 such words.
Have you finished the job？Here are the seven words：waterfall，rapids，valley，delta，glacier，plain，canyon.
Now I’ll divide our class into four groups.Each group chooses one student to take part in the competition.We will see who can match the new words with the English explanations correctly，and use the least time.
（1）waterfall
（2）rapids
（3）valley
（4）delta
（5）glacier
（6）plain
（7）canyon
a.the low place where a river enters the sea
b.a large flat place
c.a large body of ice moving slowly down a high valley
d.a deep，very wide valley，usually with a river.
e.a long low wide place between hills
f.a fast-moving part of a river
g.a high place from which a river suddenly goes down
S1：...
S2：...
S3：...
S4：...
T：waterfall：a high place from which a river suddenly goes down
rapids：a fast-moving part of a river
valley：a long low wide place between hills
delta：the low place where a river enters the sea
glacier：a large body of ice moving slowly down a high valley
plain：a large flat place
canyon：a deep，very wide valley，usually with a river
To make you better understand what different topographical features are like，I will show you some pictures.
Tell me what they are.
Picture 1
It is a glacier.What about Picture 2？
It is a canyon.（the Lancang River）
Picture 3
It’s the Mekong Delta.The Mekong Delta is the bottom half of Vietnam’s two rice baskets.
（The other is the Red River Delta in the North.）
Of course，Picture 4 shows us a wonderful scene of waterfalls.
Picture 5
The picture shows us a man is rafting on rapids.
There are some other new words in the passage：
Please read after me.（with Chinese meaning after each word）
finally，
cycle，
persuade，
stubborn，
insist，
source，
proper（ly），
detail，
determine，determined，
altitude，
atlas，
Tibetan，
Step 5 Second reading
Now I think there should be little difficulty in your understanding the text.
Please read the passage and judge whether the following statements are true or false.
1.Wang Kung first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong.
2.Wang Kung and Wang Wei have had the dream to cycle along the Mekong since middle school.
3.They decided to begin their trip from the source of the Mekong.
4.Wang Wei didn’t think much about the difficulty of the trip.
5.The Mekong flows through five countries.
S1/S2/S3/S4/S5：...
T：Statement 1 is false.Not Wang Kung but Wang Wei first had the idea.
Statement 2 is false.They have had their dream to take a great bike trip since middle school.
Statement 3 is true.
Statement 4 is true.
Statement 5 is false.The Mekong actually flows through six countries：China，Burma，Thailand，Cambodia，Laos and Vietnam.
Step 6 Reading aloud
T：Please look at the subtitle：The Dream And The Plan.How many parts can the passage be divided into？
S：From the subtitle，we know the passage can be divided into two parts.Part 1 talks about their dream，while Part 2 talks about their plan.
T：You are clever.Part 1 is Paragraph One.Part 2 consists of Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3.Now please read the second part aloud.Pay attention to their plan.
Now，please discuss with your partners about the answers to the questions：
（1）Who are Dao Wei and Yu Hang？
（2）Where is the source of the Mekong River？
（3）Which sea does the Mekong enter？
（4）Is it a difficult journey along the Mekong River？Why？
（5）Is Wang Kung very eager for the trip？
S1：Dao Wei and Yu Hang are their cousins.
S2：The source of the Mekong River is in Qinghai Province.
S3：The Mekong enters the South China Sea.
S4：Yes.Because the Mekong begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain，then it becomes rapids when it passes through deep valleys，sometimes enters wide valleys and becomes a waterfall.
T：Yes，in short，we may say the trip is difficult because the topography along the river is very complicated.
S5：...
T：Still look at the second paragraph，“I know the proper way is always her way.” That means Wang Kung doesn’t completely agree with his sister and is not very pleased with her；meanwhile，from the sentence “I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold.”，we can see that Wang Kung is afraid of the difficulty that might meet with，so he is very eager for the trip.
Step 7 Homework
Finish Part 1 and Part 3 on Page 20.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Travel journalThe First PeriodNew wordsDiscussion1.fear9.Phnom PenhWhat can a river be used for？2.stubborn10.Cambodiatransport3.delta11.Ho Chi Minhdrinking water4.glacier12.Vietnamwashing5.Transport...irrigation7.Vientianefish8.Laos
●活动与探究
Form your own traveling group，discuss what you should do and what you should never do when traveling.
Don’ts Dos
no littering protect animals
no feeding animals
If you have more to say，you can change the form.
●备课资料
1.Mekong River—The Lifeblood of Southeast Asia
The Mekong River is the heart and soul of mainland Southeast Asia.The 12th longest river in the world，the Mekong runs 4800 kilometers from its headwaters on the Tibetan Plateau（高原） through Yunnan Province of China，Burma，Thailand，Cambodia，Lao PDR and Vietnam.
Over 60 million people depend on the Mekong and its branches for food，water，transport and many other aspects of their daily lives.Its annual flood drought cycles are essential for the sustainable production of rice and vegetables on the floodplains（洪泛区） and along the riverbanks during the dry season.Known as the Mother of waters，the river supports one of the world’s most diverse（多种经营的）fisheries（渔场），second only to the Amazon.This vital ecosystem and lifeblood of the region is currently under threat.Over the past ten years，more than 100 large dams have been proposed for the Mekong basin by institutions like the Asian Development Bank （ADB） and the Mekong River Commission.Some of these projects have already been built.
One of the greatest threats is China’s plans to construct eight dams on the Upper Mekong Lancang.Two of these dams have already been completed，and construction on the third project，Xiaowan，began in January 2002.These dams will have widespread impacts on the livelihoods of Mekong communities and on the natural ecology of the river system.
In Laos，IRN is working to stop World Bank support for the Dam and ensure that communities receive just compensation for losses suffered due to the ADB-funded Nam and Dams.IRN is also monitoring broader regional water resource developments，particularly those funded by the ADB.
In Thailand，IRN has been working with communities affected by the Pak Mun and Rasi Salai dams who are campaigning for the gates of both dams to be permanently opened and for the Mun River to be restored.
IRN is also monitoring the impacts of the Yali Falls Dam in Vietnam，which has affected communities in both Vietnam and Cambodia.
2.the Mekong Delta
The Mekong Delta is the bottom half of Vietnam’s two rice baskets，the other being the Red River Delta in the North.
This vast delta is formed by the deposition of the multiple tentacles and tributaries（支流） of the mighty Mekong River which has its origin in the Tibetan highland plateau 2800 miles away.From its source，the river makes its way through China.
Myanmar （Burma），Laos，Cambodia and South Vietnam before flowing out into the South China Sea.The Mekong’s—the people of South Vietnam are often very proud of the richness and vastness of this land.When referring to the rice fields in this area，they often say，“co bay thang canh”，meaning the land is so large that the cranes can stretch their wings as they fly.Today，the region is one of Vietnam’s highest producer of rice crops，vegetables and fruits.The Sixth Period
●从容说课
This is the sixth period of this unit.In this period，first learn and master the new words and expressions.In this lesson，students will do some writing，listening and speaking practice.By these practices，they should achieve their ability to get information by listening and develop their ability to use English to express themselves both orally or in a written form.Meanwhile it is also important to motivate them to learn from the good qualities of the great people.So，there are some exercises about listening，writing and speaking.When doing these exercises，the students should be reminded of some skills about them.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Words：leader，president，anti，anti-black，sentence，sincerely
Phrases：set up，be sentenced to
2.Ability：
（1）Develop students’ ability to use English to express themselves both orally or in a written form.
（2）Achieve the students’ ability to get information by listening.
3.Emotion：
Motivate students to learn from the good qualities of the great people.
●教学重点
（1）Enable the students to write a letter with the guide.
（2）Improve the students’ writing，speaking and listening ability.
●教学难点
How to write a definition letter with the guide.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Pre-writing
T：Today we’ll do some writing practice.After we finish reading the reading passage “Elias’ story”，we know some information about Nelson Mandela.Would you please say something about him？
Ss：Yes.
T：Who’d like to have a try？
S1：I want a try.He was the first black president in South Africa from 1994 to 1999.He was born in 1918 and worked for the equal rights for the blacks of South Africa for many years.As early as in 1940，while he was still at university，he took his first actions.In 1944，he helped to found the ANC Youth League.During the 1950s，he led many peaceful actions.His enemies hated him and he had been kept a prisoner from 1962 to 1989，but he never gave up the struggle for the freedom of all the blacks，so he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
T：You’ve done a good job.As we all know，Mr Mandela had been put in prison from 1962 till 1989.Now imagine he is in prison.You’re going to write a letter to the president of South Africa asking him to set him free.So first you need to know more about his life.Here is a form about his life on Page 39.Please look at it carefully.（Give the students three minutes to read it.）
T：Now collect your ideas for the letter.In order to persuade someone to do something，you should choose proper facts to support your ideas. You can write them down in any order.And then sort them out into an order，which seems good to you.
（Some minutes later.）
T：Have you collected your ideas and sorted them out？
Ss：Yes.
T：Good.Now would you please tell me the reason why you think Mr Mandela should be set free？Who’d like to be the first one？
S1：Let me try.Although Mr Mandela was one of the leaders who called on black people to blow up some government buildings，he had no choice but to do that.He said they broke the law in a way which was peaceful.Only when this was not allowed did they decide to answer violence with violence.
T：So you mean the government forced him to break the law，so it is necessary to set him free.Good.Another reason？
S2：In my opinion，it is natural for Mr Mandela to encourage violence against anti-black law.At that time，there were a lot of laws stopping the blacks’ rights and progress.The black people reached a stage where they have almost no rights at all.Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them.The parts of town where they were sent to live were decided by white people.They could not get jobs they wanted.The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa.No one could grow food there.As a matter of fact，black people did not like violence.But they knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.
Step 3 Writing
T：A good reason.Maybe you have a lot of reasons for freeing Mr Mandela.But time is limited.So let’s begin to write the letter.You can write to the President of South Africa like this，and finish your letter like this.
Dear President，
I am writing to ask you to free Nelson Mandela.Here are some reasons why I think he should be freed.
One possible version：
Dear President，
I am writing to ask you to free Nelson Mandela.Here are some reasons why I think he should be freed.
First，it is natural for Mr Mandela to encourage violence against anti-black law.At that time，there were a lot of laws stopping the blacks’ rights and progress.The black people reached a stage where they have almost no rights at all.Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them.The parts of town where they were sent to live were decided by white people.They could not get jobs they wanted.The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa.No one could grow food there.As a matter of fact，black people did not like violence.But they knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.
Second，although Mr Mandela was one of the leaders who called on black people to blow up some government buildings，he had no choice but to do that.He said they broke the law in a way which was peaceful.Only when this was not allowed did they decide to answer violence with violence.
Finally，it is not a good way of solving the problem to put Mr Mandela in prison.When Mr Mandela is in prison，there is a lot of violence.Therefore，you should free him and then have a discus-sion with him about the future of South Africa in a equal way.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
（Your name）
Step 4 Listening task
T：So much for the writing.Let’s turn to the listening task.As we all know，when we look at people or things，we may have a different point of view from others.For example，yesterday we read a passage about Bill Gates.The follower of him thought there is not a man better than Bill Gates while the competitor believed that he was a computer bully.Now we are going to listen to the listening task at Page 72.Before you listen to the tape，please read the questions fast to find out the listening points first.While you read，you’d better make notes of the listening points.Now，I’ll play the tape twice.Please listen carefully and pay more attention to the important points.You may make notes for you to remember each of the important points.Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：Let’s begin.
（Some minutes later，discuss the answers with the whole class.Before that，let the students discuss the answers in pairs.Play the tape if necessary.）
Step 5 Speaking task
T：In the last period，some students thought Bill Gates is a successful and rich man but is not a great man.So what qualities do you think are needed to make a great person？Try to work out reasons so that your choice is not just your point of view.To do this we need to choose some qualities that everyone agrees great men have.Here is a list of qualities that are set out.
intelligent determined generous kind unselfish hard-working brave confident
You are going to choose four that you consider are the most important for a great person.While you are choosing each one，think of someone you know or have heard of that has that quality.First please choose four qualities that are needed to make a great person.Are you clear？
（Some minutes later.）
T：Have you finished choosing？
Ss：Yes.
T：Well，please prepare to give a talk to the class.You should explain why you chose each one and who shows it.You can begin your talk like this：To my understanding，a great person is someone who ____________.Now I’ll give you five minutes to prepare.
（Five minutes later.）
T：Who have finished your talk？Any volunteer？
S1：Let me try.To my understanding，a great person is someone who is unselfish，for example，Norman Bethune.He went to aid the Chinese against the Japanese invasion in 1938.In China he formed the first mobile medical unit，which could be carried on two mules.But he died of an infection due to the lack of penicillin，the infection occurred during surgery due to a lack of surgical gloves.He is a great hero and will be remembered by Chinese people forever.Now next to his tomb in China there is a statue，a museum，and a hospital dedicated to him.
T：Anybody else？
S2：I want a try.To my understanding，a great person is someone who is brave and determined.Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America.He served as President from March 4，1861，until April 15，1865.Abraham Lincoln was born in a poor family.He had very little formal schooling and was mostly self-educated.He eventually became a lawyer.During Lincoln’s presidency，the Southern states left the Union because Lincoln and the Northern states were against slavery.Six weeks after becoming President，the Civil War began.In this war，the Northern states fought the Southern states.The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865.On Jan.1，1863，Lincoln eventually freed of all slaves in the USA.Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864.Lincoln was shot on April 14，1865.Lincoln had been attending a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.Lincoln died the next morning.The whole nation was in deep sorrow.He was considered as one of the greatest presidents in the history of the U.S.A.
Step 6 Writing task
T：Excellent jobs.Just now we discussed what qualities that are needed to make a great person.Can I ask you a question：Who is the great person you admire？
S3：My heroine is Madam Curie.Madam Curie is a French professor of physics.She was born in Poland in 1867.In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland.When she was studying in Paris，she lived a poor life，but she worked very hard.In 1895 she married Pierre Curie，and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter.They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter—polonium and radium.In 1904 she and her husband received a Nobel Prize for Physics.After Mr Curie died in 1906，she went on with her research.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.
S4：My hero is Lei Feng.Lei Feng was a soldier of the people’s Liberation Army of the PRC.He was characterized as a selfless and modest figure after his death and an idol to many.After his death in 1962 Former Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong started what was to be known as the Study Lei Feng Campaign，designed to use Lei as a good example to the Chinese People to help others and put other’s priority over self’s when the time requires so.
S5：In my opinion，Liu Xiang is my hero.He was born in Shanghai.In 2002，Liu launched his career in fine style by a world youth and Asian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 meters hurdles.Still young，Liu has improved steadily，and won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 110 meters hurdles event.In the final，he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Colin Jackson.
T：Yes.Every one has different answers from others.Now please write a passage about him/her after class.You can write your passage according to the following structure.
（Show the card on the screen.）
Para 1：Personal information.
Para 2：His/her hard work and achievements.
Para 3：His/her good qualities.
Para 4：Your opinion.
Step 7 Summary
T：In this lesson，we do some writing，listening and speaking practice.By these practices，we achieve your ability to get information by listening and develop your ability to use English to express themselves both orally or in a written form.Meanwhile motivate you to learn from the good qualities of the great people.
Step 8 Homework
Writing a passage about a great person.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Sixth Period
Para 1：Personal information
Para 2：His/Her hard work and achievements.
Para 3：His/Her good qualities.
Para 4：Your opinion.
●活动与探究
This activity is to ask the students to do some research on how to improve their writing ability.First the students are asked to make a summary of the difficulties they have in doing the writing exercises，which helps them to make it clear what should be done to make progress in writing.Second ask the students to sum up some writing skills.
●备课资料
Letter Writing Tips
A writinghelp- we have one cardinal rule for all letter writing as follows：“If you can’t make your point in one page or less，you aren’t ready to write the letter.”
With rare exceptions，this should be your goal in all letter writing，regardless of the subject.Keep it short，factual，and to the point.Don’t write it more than one page in length，unless there is some compelling reason to make it longer.
Studies have shown that busy business people do not like to read beyond the first page.If your letter is longer，there is a good chance it will be dumped in a “read later” pile，which often ends up never getting read.
Remember，when letter writing，detailed information can be relegated to attachments that can be referred to by name in the body of the letter.Stick to the absolute essential facts in the main letter.
Here are a few practical writinghelp- letter writing tips that you may find helpful when writing that next letter：
Keep it short and to the point.
Letters involving business （personal or corporate） should be concise，factual，and focused.Try to never exceed one page or you will be in risk of losing your reader.A typical letter page will hold 350 to 450 words.If you can’t get your point across with that many words you probably haven’t done enough preparatory work.If necessary，call the recipient on the phone to clarify any fuzzy points and then use the letter just to summarize the overall situation.
Focus on the recipient’s needs.
While writing the letter，focus on the information requirements of your audience，the intended addressee.If you can，in your “mind’s eye” imagine the intended recipient seated across a desk or boardroom table from you while you are explaining the subject of the letter.What essential information does that person need to know through this communication？What will be their expectations when they open the letter？Have you addressed all of these？
Use simple and appropriate language.
Your letter should use simple straightforward language，for clarity and precision.Use short sentences and don’t let paragraphs exceed three or four sentences.As much as possible，use language and terminology familiar to the intended recipient.Do not use technical terms and acronyms without explaining them，unless you are certain that the addressee is familiar with them.
Re-read and revise it.
Do a first draft of the letter，and then carefully review and revise it.Put yourself in the place of the addressee.Imagine yourself receiving the letter.How would you react to it？Would it answer all of your questions？Does it deal with all of the key issues？Are the language and tone appropriate？Sometimes reading it out loud to one’s self can be helpful.When you actually “hear” the words it is easy to tell if it “sounds” right or not.
Check spelling and grammar.
A letter is a direct reflection of the person sending it，and by extension，the organization that person works for.When the final content of the letter is settled，make sure that you run it through a spelling and grammar checker.Sending a letter with obvious spelling and grammar mistakes looks sloppy and unprofessional.In such cases，the recipient can’t really be blamed for seeing this as an indication as to how you （and your organization） probably do most other things.The First Period
●从容说课
This is the first period of this unit.It includes Warming-up，Discussion，New words and Listening.In this period，students should get the first impression of earthquakes，including the phenomena before an earthquake，the cause of an earthquake，the ways to reduce the damage and so on.
In Warming-up，students first discuss what would happen during an earthquake.Then discuss some other natural disasters，such as hurricanes，tornadoes and typhoons.What are they and what would happen if these natural disasters occur？After these two steps，the students would have a general idea about natural disasters.This lays a foundation for the Reading passage.Also these two steps provide the students with enough chance to practice speaking.The teacher should stimulate the students to express themselves using English.
Next the teacher will explain some new words and expressions that would appear in the Reading passage.After class students should use these words and expressions to make sentences.In this way，the teacher can check whether the students have mastered these words and expressions or not.
Then in the Listening part，students will listen to the cause of an earthquake and the ways to reduce the damage.They should first make a judgment whether the statements are true or false.Then try to fill in a form.After finishing the tasks in the textbooks，the teacher can also ask the students to go online after class to look for more information about how to reduce the damage of an earthquake.
This period lays emphasis on speaking and listening.The teacher should try his or her best to encourage the students to say something.Don’t always correct the mistakes that the students would make while speaking.Otherwise，the students would feel reluctant to speak out their opinions.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Get a general idea of earthquakes and some other natural disasters.
（2）Know the causes of an earthquake.
2.Ability：
（1）Train the students’ speaking ability by describing，talking and discussion.
（2）Train the students’ listening ability.
（3）Train the students’ ability to use the Internet to search for some useful information.
（4）Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
3.Emotion：
（1）Know the damage that an earthquake and other natural disasters could bring about.
（2）Know the ways to reduce the losses of an earthquake.
●教学重点
Train the students’ speaking ability by describing，talking and discussion.
●教学难点
Train the students’ listening ability.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Teacher （T）：Good morning/afternoon，class!
Students （Ss）：Good morning/afternoon，teacher.
Step 2 Warming-up
T：First，I want to ask you a question.Do you know what happened in the Indian Ocean at the end of last year？It shocked or we can say frightened the whole world.
S1：Let me try.A terrible tsunami broke out there on 26th December.More than 200000 people were killed.
T：Yes.It is said that it is the biggest in the four decades.A tsunami is an undersea earthquake.Then have you heard of any land earthquakes？
Ss：Yes.
T：Would you please list some？
S2：We can often hear that earthquakes occur in Japan.
S3：In 1906，an earthquake struck San Francisco，USA.About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires.And as many as 250000 people lost homes.
S4：And in 1989，another big earthquake hit San Francisco.About 100 people were killed.It was America’s second strongest earthquake.
T：But do you know any famous earthquakes that happened in our country？
S5：Of course.The Tangshan Earthquake that happened in 1976.My father experienced it，and he often tells me about the deadliest earthquake.
T：Can you tell me what might happen in an earthquake？You may look at the two pictures on Page 25.
S6：If an earthquake happens，the whole city would collapse.The tall buildings might be destroyed.The roads，the railway tracks and so on would be destroyed.Bridges would fall down.Water pipes would be broken.Then people would face water problem.
S7：In the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco，a wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.Many people were killed in their cars，and only a few lucky ones were not hurt.
S8：If the earthquake comes at night，a large number of people would be killed or trapped in the houses.
S9：Sometimes during the earthquake，big holes would appear in the earth.
T：Yes.You did a very good job.You see，there are large quantities of tall buildings in San Francisco.No one can imagine what would happen if another big earthquake hit the city.
Step 3 Discussion
T：You know，an earthquake is one of the terrible natural disasters.Do you know any other natural disaster？And what will happen during the disasters？Discuss with your partner.
（A few minutes later.）
T：Now I’ll ask some of you to tell us the disasters you know.
S1：Floods，hurricanes，tornadoes.
S2：Typhoons，drought.
T：Very good.What would happen in these disasters？
S3：In a flood，water will be everywhere.It would wash away many things.Many people would be drowned.People could go to stay on tall buildings or even the roofs.
S4：If hurricane，typhoon or tornado occurs，there would be very strong winds.Things would be blown down.There would be a lot of traffic accidents.And the sailors on the sea would be in great danger.
S5：During the drought，water is badly needed.The farmers would have no water to irrigate the crops in the fields.
T：Next I will explain these disasters and meanwhile show you some pictures.A flood is the movement of water out of a river，lake or ocean onto land.It was reported that in 2004 at least 100 people were dead and 83 were missing after rainstorms caused landslides（山崩） and floods in Southwest of China.A hurricane is a strong storm with high winds and rain.The very center of the storm，called the eye，is calm.A tornado is a violently rotating（旋转的） column of air that forms at the bottom of a cloud and touches the ground.A Typhoon is an intense tropical weather system with a well-defined circulation and maximum sustained（持续不变的） winds of 74 miles per hour.In other parts of the world，they are known as hurricanes，tropical cyclones（龙卷风） and severe tropical cyclones.Drought refers to a period of time without rain that can damage crops such as wheat and corn.
Step 4 New Words
T：In this unit，you will read a passage about an earthquake.In the passage，you will meet a lot of new words and expressions.Now we’re going to learn them.First read the words and expressions from “shake” to “fresh” after me.
T：Read these words and expressions by yourself.Meanwhile，please pay attention to their meanings.
T：Now I will explain these words and expressions in English.
1.pipe：a thin metal piece that carries water
2.dam：a special wall that keeps water behind it
3.shocked：worried or frightened
4.injure：hurt
5.well：a deep place to store water to drink
6.canal：a very long water way for boats
7.ruin：the part of a building left after the rest has been damaged
8.a great number of：a lot of
9.at an end：finished；dead
10.bury：put something under the earth
11.rise：go up
12.rescue：help to get someone out of danger
13.steam：gas that hot water gives out
Step 5 Listening
T：Before we learn the passage about an earthquake，let’s first know why there are earthquakes in the world.So let’s do some listening on Page 62.Listen to the tape for the first time and try to get a general idea of the passage.
S1：This passage is about the cause of earthquakes and how we can reduce losses from them.
T：Very good.Listen to the tape for the second time and judge whether the statements in Part 1 are true or false.
T：Let’s check the answers.Listen again and try to correct the statements that are false.
T：Listen again and try to complete the table in Part 2.（Play the tape again if necessary.）
（A few minutes later.）
T：Let’s check the answers.
Step 6 Homework
1.Use the following words and expressions to make sentences.
shake，rise，crack，burst，at an end，right away，injure，ruin，survivor，useless，rescue，dig out，organize，shelter，fresh，bury，shock，destroy
2.Preview the reading passage on Page 26.
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquakes
The First Period
一.Disasters：二.New Words and Expressions：
tsunami pipe a great number of
earthquake dam at an end
flood shocked bury
hurricane injure rise
tornado well rescue
typhooncanal steam
drough truin
●活动与探究
Poster-making：
1.Divide the whole class in five groups.
2.Ask them to look for more ways of reducing losses from earthquakes.The students can go to the library or use the Internet to search for information.The following websites might be helpful.
①http：//earthquake.usgs.gov
②http：//www.eqnet.org/
③http：//www.ceri.memphis.edu/
3.After searching for the information，each group should make a poster，informing people how to reduce the losses of an earthquake.
●备课资料
Why do Earthquakes Happen？
Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates.For example，at San Francisco the Pacific plate which is moving towards the northwest meets the North American plate.The Pacific plate is moving very slowly—at 5.3 centimeters a year.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years.Then suddenly，they jump and an earthquake is felt.As a result of the movement of these plates，west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquake.When the 1906 earthquake happened，the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 meters to the north.
We cannot stop earthquakes，but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy whole cities.First，it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together.Second，if you think there may be an earthquake，it is better to build houses on rock not on sand.Third，you must make the houses as strong as possible.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake，but strong ones may stay up.
How Can We Reduce the Losses of an Earthquake？
BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE STRIKES
Develop an earthquake-specific family plan.
If you are at risk from earthquakes：
Pick “safe places” in each room of your home.A safe place could be under a sturdy table or desk or against an interior wall away from windows，bookcases，or tall furniture that could fall on you.Also pick safe places in your office，school and other buildings you are frequently in.
Practice drop，cover，and hold-on in each safe place twice a year.Drop under a sturdy desk or table and hold on to one leg of the table or desk.Protect your eyes by keeping your head down.
Wait in your safe place until the shaking stops，then check to see if you are hurt，then check the people around you.Be on the lookout for fires.Fire is the most common earthquake-related hazard.
If you must leave a building after the shaking stops，use the stairs，not the elevator.
If you’re outside in an earthquake，stay outside.Move away from buildings，trees，streetlights，and power lines.
Everyone in your home should know what to do if an earthquake occurs.
Get training.Take a first aid class and get training on how to use a fire extinguisher（灭火器）.
Talk with your insurance agent.Study locations of active faults，and if you are at risk，consider purchasing earthquake insurance.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
Drop，cover，and hold on! Move only a few steps to a nearby safe place.
If you are in bed，hold on and stay there，protecting your head with a pillow.
If you are outdoors，find a clear spot away from buildings，trees，streetlights，and power lines.Drop to the ground and stay there until the shaking stops.
If you are in a vehicle，pull over to a clear location，stop and stay there with your seatbelt fastened until the shaking has stopped.Once the shaking has stopped，proceed with caution.Avoid bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the quake.
Stay away from windows.
In a high-rise building，check for and extinguish small fires，and，if exiting，use the stairs.
If you are in a coastal area，move to higher ground.Tsunamis are often created by earthquakes.
If you are in a mountainous area or near unstable slopes or cliffs，be alert for falling rocks and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.Landslides commonly happen after earthquakes.
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE
Check yourself for injuries before caring for others.
After you have taken care of yourself，help injured or trapped persons.If you have it in your area，call 9-1-1，then give first aid when appropriate.
Look for and extinguish small fires.Put out small fires quickly，using available resources.
Open closet and cabinet doors cautiously.
Inspect your home for damage.Get everyone out if your home is unsafe.Aftershocks following earthquakes can cause further damage to unstable buildings.
Help neighbours who may require special assistance.Elderly people and people with disabilities may require additional assistance.
Listen to a portable，battery-operated radio （or television） for updated emergency information and instructions.
Expect aftershocks.Aftershocks frequently occur minutes，days，weeks，and even months following an earthquake.
Watch out for fallen power lines or broken gas lines，and stay out of damaged areas.
Stay out of damaged buildings.If you are away from home，return only when authorities say it is safe.
Use battery-powered lanterns or flashlights to inspect your home.
Take pictures of the damage，both to the house and its contents，for insurance claims.
Avoid smoking inside buildings.
When entering buildings，be extremely careful.
Check for gas leaks.
Check for sewage（下水道） and water line damage.If you suspect sewage lines are damaged，avoid using the toilets and call a plumber（水管工人）.If water pipes are damaged，contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap.
Use the telephone only to report life-threatening emergencies.
Watch animals closely.The behavior of pets may change dramatically after an earthquake.The Fourth Period
●从容说课
This is the fourth period of this unit.In this period，students are expected to talk about some great persons.The purpose is to give students a chance to practice their oral English，at the same time，they can have a thorough idea about what are the qualities they should find in a great person.In this period，there is a part designed to practice listening.It is very important for the students to develop the listening ability.In this unit，this is prediction the contents of listening，so it is important to make good use of the questions or multiple choices before listening.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Good idea!
I think/don’t think....
That’s an excellent idea!
I’m afraid....
I agree/don’t agree.
Why do you think so？
I prefer....
What do you think of....
In my opinion... .
What’s your opinion？
2.Ability：
（1）Talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Do reading practice to improve the students’ listening abilities.
3.Emotion：
（1）Learn about some great people and qualities they have in common.
（2）Develop the students’ moral quality.
●教学重点
（1）Talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Improve the students’ listening ability.
●教学难点
（1）How to express their own opinions and ideas.
（2）How to improve the students’ listening ability.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the last period，we reviewed the attributive clause.So in today’s lesson，first I’d like to check your homework.Please turn to Page 36.Suppose Elias has had some problems with his messages for his friends，can you help him form sentences with the following words and phrases？Who’d like to have a try first？
S1：I’m glad to.
T：Very good，Mary.Are you ready？
S1：Yes.The mines where I worked were 9 km from my house.
T：Well done.Who want a try again？
S2：Let me try.The time when we arrived was late at night.
（Form sentences with the list words and phrases in the same way.Encourage students to make up as many sentences as possible.）
Possible sentences：
1.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.
2.The government building where we arrived was very grand.
3.The date when I joined the ANC Youth League was the 5th of August.
T：You’ve done a good job.But I’m sorry to tell you that Elias has lost some of his messages.Can you help him？
Ss：Of course.
T：You’re very kind.Please help him by completing the following sentences：
1.The day when Elias first met Nelson Mandela was a very exciting time.
2.South Africa is now a country where the blacks have the same rights as the whites.
3.This is the government building in which Elias blew it up.
4.The person to whom the blacks often turned for help is Nelson Mandela.
T：Now perhaps you’re a little tired.Let’s play the game in groups of four.The first person begins with a sentence and each person in the group adds extra and different information using the attributive clause.Now please look at the example and read it together.
（Show the example on the screen.）
Example：
S1：The school was very large.
S2：The school where I learned was very large.
S3：The school where I learned for six years was very large.
S4：The school where I learned for six years so unhappily was very large.
T：Now please change places.For example，S2 begins the game with another sentence.Do this several times until every one of you has had a go.I’ll give you several minutes to practice.
（Some minutes later，check with the whole class.）
T：Please stop here.It’s time to present your set of sentences to the class.Any volunteer？
Ss：We want a try.
T：Good.Please begin.
Possible sentences：
1.S1：The factory has been closed.
S2：The factory where I worked has been closed.
S3：The factory where I worked for two years has been closed.
S4：The factory where I worked with Tom for two years has been closed.
2.S5：The year was 1809.
S6：The year when Lincoln was born was 1809.
S7：The year when Lincoln was born in Kentucky was 1809.
S8：The year when Lincoln was born in a poor family in Kentucky was 1809.
Step 3 Listening
T：The game is so interesting，isn’t it？At the same time，you did very well.Now，let’s turn to the next part.In the reading passage，Elias told us his experience.So my question is：Did Elias join the ANC Youth League？
Ss：Yes.
T：Why do you think Elias join the ANC Youth League？
S3：Because the ANC Youth League was organized by Nelson Mandela，who had helped Elias when Elias was in great trouble.So Elias never forgot how kind Nelson Mandela was and joined the ANC Youth League as soon as possible.
T：Good.Do you think it is right to join the ANC Youth League？Please give your reason.
S4：I think it is right.Because at that time，black people were treated unfairly.Take Elias for example，he had to leave school because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare，so he could not read or write.When he got a job in a gold mine，he was worried about whether he would be out of work simply because he did not have the passbook because he was not born there.There were the greatest number of laws stopping their rights and they had almost no rights at all.So when Nelson Mandela organized the ANC Youth League to struggle against racial discrimination in South Africa，it is natural for Elias to join it as soon as he could and it is to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.
T：Very good.So if you were Elias，you would do the same thing as him，right？
S4：Right.
T：Do you agree with him/her？
Ss：Yes.
T：Of course，I would，too.From the reading passage，we know a lot of information of racial discrimination in South Africa.Just now，we talked a lot about why Elias joined the ANC Youth League according to the reading passage.Today we’ll listen to the tape and then please find out the true reason why Elias joined the ANC Youth League.
T：Now please open your books at Page 37.Before you listen to the tape，please read the multiple choices fast to find out the listening points first.While you read，you’d better make notes of the listening points.Now，I’ll play the tape twice.Please listen carefully and pay more attention to the important points.You may make notes for you to remember the important points.Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：OK.Let’s begin.
Step 4 Listening
T：Just now we listened a passage about Elias.Now we’ve going to listen to a passage about William Tyndale.Who is William Tyndale？
Ss：William Tyndale wrote the Bible in English so all could read it.He died for his ideas，but his work was later used in the Bible.
T：Yes，we talked about him in the first period.After we listen to the passage，we’ll know more information about him.Please look at the questions before we listen to the text，which will help you understand the listening points.
（Give the students two minutes to read the questions.）
T：Now I’ll play the tape twice.Please listen carefully and pay more attention to the important points.Please make notes if necessary.
Step 5 Talking
T：It’s time for you to do some oral practice.Let’s talk about your hero/heroine.Please use the following questions to help you.
Who is your hero/heroine？
Why do you like her/him so much？
Did he/she do anything for others？
What are his/her best qualities？
By the way maybe the following sentence patterns are helpful for you.
Good idea!
I think/don’t think....
That’s an excellent idea!
I’m afraid....
I agree/don’t agree.
Why do you think so？
I prefer....
What do you think of...？
In my opinion....
What’s your opinion？
（Give students five minutes to have a discussion.）
T：OK.Time is up.Is everybody ready？Who’d like to try to tell us his/her opinion？
S5：I think Marie Curie is my heroine.My favorite scientist is Madam Curie.Why was Marie Curie a significant woman in European Science？Because she was the first woman to be awarded a doctorate，the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris，the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person of either sex to win two Nobel Prizes.Marie Curie was the most successful scientist to come out of Poland.She saw science as a beauty that she wanted to withhold.Science to her was an unknown fairy tale phenomenon that she was determined to discover.Marie Curie wanted to use science to help others and the world.She accomplished this by working in World War Ⅰ，and discovering radium，and polonium.Marie Curie’s discovery of polonium was a great scientific finding.This is because it helped the research of uranic rays，and it led to the discovery of radium.The work of Marie Curie was not just important for her discoveries of new elements，but the process she used to isolate them，helped to create a “stockpile” of a few grams of radioactive material，which future scientists could use for further studies.As a result of her work X-Rays are very common today，as is Carbon dating，radiotherapy，and other medical applications for radiation.It is for no small reason that Marie Curie is considered by most to be the greatest woman scientist of all time.The world indeed owes a great debt to Marie Curie.
S6：I agree with you，but I think Albert Einstein is my hero.Albert Einstein was born on March 14，1879 in Ulm，Wurttemberg，Germany.Einstein contributed more than any other scientist since Sir Isaac Newton to our understanding of physical reality.Einstein worked at the patent office in Bern，Switzerland from 1902 to 1909.During this period he completed an astonishing range of theoretical physics publications，written in his spare time，without the benefit of close contact with scientific literature or colleagues.The most well known of these works is Einstein’s 1905 paper proposing “the special theory of relativity”. Later in 1905 Einstein showed how mass and energy were equivalent expressing it in the famous equation：E=mc2 （energy equals mass times the velocity of light squared）.This equation became a cornerstone in the development of nuclear energy.Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for relativity，rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.He worked on at Princeton until the end of his life on an attempt to unify the laws of physics.
Step 6 Summary
T：I agree with you，too.Well done.Thank you for your wonderful performance.Now，let’s see what we’ve done in this period.First，we’ve checked your homework about the attributive clause.Second，we practise listening.Third，we’ve talked about your hero/heroine.Of course，we’ve learned some useful expressions.After class，practise them more and preview the next part—reading.That’s all for today.See you.
Step 7 Homework
Preview the reading passage.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Fourth Period
Good idea!
I think/don’t think....
That’s an excellent idea!
I’m afraid....
I agree/don’t agree.
Why do you think so？
I prefer....
What do you think of...？
In my opinion....
What’s your opinion？
●活动与探究
Think about how often you do the following and write in the number that you think matches that frequency？On a scale from 1 to 5，give yourself a score as follows：1=never，2=rarely，3=sometimes，4=often，5=very often.
behavior score
I avoid staying on any subject with my partner.
I make assumptions about my partners feelings or thoughts.
I respond to my partner’s suggestions or opinions with，“Yes，but...”
I bring up past issues during current disagreements.
I interrupt my partner’s conversation.
I use sarcasm or jokes to respond when my partner talks.
I respond to a complaint with a complaint.
I insult and criticize my partner.
I respond to my partner with phrases like，“That’s ridiculous.”
I see only my point of view.
TOTAL （Add up your scores.）
●备课资料
Qian Xuesen
China has launched its first manned spacecraft，the Shenzhou V，Oct.15，becoming the third country to put a man into space，following the former Soviet Union and the United States.Today，we’ll bring you the story of Qian Xuesen （Chien Hsuch-Sen），“father of China’s aerospace” and
“king of rockets”.Qian is one of the pioneers of China’s space science.A world-famous expert on aerospace rockets and aerodynamics.Qian has obtained great attainments in the areas of applied mechanics，engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking.He plays a leading role in the research，manufacture and testing of carrier rockets，guided missiles and satellites.Due to research and development led by Qian，China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964，launched its first man-made satellite in 1970，fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 1980，and launched its first manned spacecraft on Oct.15，2003.With his ancestral home in Hangzhou，Jiangsu Province，Qian was born in Shanghai in 1911.Qian graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934.One year later，he went to the U.S.and continue his studies in MIT （Massachusetts Institute of Technology），after receiving master’s degree in MIT，Qian went to study in California Institute of Technology.In 1939，Qian received Ph.D degrees of both aerospace and mathematics and left the school to be a teacher，as well as a researcher studying the applied mechanics and rocket and missile theories.In 1955，six years later after the founding of New China，Qian Xuesen returned to the motherland.He has served successively as director-general with the mechanics institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences，deputy director-general and director-general with the fifth research institute of the State Defense Ministry，deputy minister with State Ministry of The Seventh Machinery，deputy-director-general with the Commission of Science，Technology and Industry for National Defense，president with the 3rd China Association for Science and Technology，vice president with the 6th to the 10th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC）.Currently，Qian is the senior consultant with the Commission of Science and Technology of the General Equipment Ministry of the People’s Liberation Army，honorary president with China Association for Science and Technology.In 1956，Qian put forward “Proposal on the Development of China’s Aviation Industry for National Defense” and assisted Zhou Enlai，the then premiere，and Marshal Nie Rongzheng to prepare the establishment of China’s first missile and rocket R&D structure，the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of Defense.In the October of 1956，Qian assumed office of director-general with the fifth research institute.Henceforth，Qian has long been in charge of the chief technological officer with the R&D of China’s missile，rocket and spacecraft，and has contributed great to the establishment and development of China’s missile，rocket and spacecraft undertakings.The First Period
●从容说课
This is the first period of this unit.In this period，students are expected to discuss what kind of person they are.The purpose is to give students chance to practice their oral English，at the same time，they can have a general idea about what are the qualities they should find in a great person.In this period，there is a part designed to practice speaking and reading.In order to make students have a thorough idea of qualities great people have in common，and predict the contents of reading，it is important to make good use of the six pictures，especially Nelson Mandela.What’s more，this is the first period of this unit，so it is necessary to deal with the new words and expressions of this part，so as to make it easy for students to begin and make them less anxious in study.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Words：hero，quality，willing，active，republic，principle，nationalism，livelihood，fight，peaceful，prison，prisoner，law，advise，continue，fee，gold，passbook，ANC，youth，league，stage，vote，position，accept，violence，equal
Phrases：lose heart，in trouble，worry about，out of work，Youth League，as a matter of fact，blow up，put...in prison
2.Ability：
（1）Talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Do reading practice to improve the students’ reading abilities.
3.Emotion：
（1）Learn about some great people and qualities they have in common.
（2）Develop the students’ moral quality.
●教学重点
（1）Talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Enable the students to grasp the main idea of the passage.
（3）Improve the students’ reading ability.
●教学难点
（1）How to express their own opinions and ideas.
（2）How to grasp the main idea of a text or a passage.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Lead-in
T：（Walk to one boy） Wang Bin，what do you usually do on weekends？
S1：I sometimes play basketball with friends.I like basketball very much.
T：Then you must know this man.（Show the picture or play a short video program of Jordan—a famous basketball player who is a black man.）
T：Do you know who he is？
S1：Of course I do.He is Jordan，my idol.He is the best basketball player in the world.I have many pictures of him.
T：Yes，you’re quite right.He is very famous and many people all over the world worship him.But do you know that it was not until about fifty years ago that the blacks got their freedom and were treated as equal citizens？
S2：Yes，we learnt about this in our history classes.The blacks were first brought to America as slaves.They were treated badly and they had no rights.
T：That’s right.But we all know that things are different now.Do you know how they could have the same rights as the whites？
S3：We don’t know much about this.Please tell us more.
T：OK.Many people devoted themselves to this.Some were put into prison and some even lost their lives.Look at the two pictures and read the notes about them.Then have a discussion in groups of four.Try to explain why they are great men.
（Show the following pictures and their information on the screen）.
Born in 1929Graduated in 1955Worked in a churchOrganized his first actions in 1955Formed an organization for American black leaders to work together in 1957Gave the speech “I Have a Dream” in 1963Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964Murdered in 1968 Born in 1918First actions while still at university in 1940Graduated in 1942Helped to found the ANC Youth League in 1944Led many peaceful actions during the 1950sPut in prison from 1962 till 1989Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993Became the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999
（Give the students a few minutes to discuss the questions.Then ask some of them to say their answers.）
T：Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：Good.Now who would like to tell us why these two men are great？
S3：Let me have a try.I think Martin Luther King，Jr.is great.He worked for the freedom of all the blacks.He was born in 1929.After he graduated in 1955，he worked in a church and organized his first actions in the same year.Two years later，he formed an organization for black leaders to work together.In 1963，he had the famous speech “I have a dream”.Because of his success in his work，he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Unfortunately he was murdered in 1968.
T：Very good.Now，who can tell us something about Nelson Mandela？
S4：He was the first black president in South Africa from 1994 to 1999.He was born in 1918 and worked for the equal rights for the blacks of South Africa for many years.As early as in 1940，while he was still at university，he took his first actions.In 1944，he helped to found the ANC Youth League.During the 1950s，he led many peaceful actions.His enemies hated him and he had been kept a prisoner from 1962 to 1989，but he never gave up the struggle for the freedom of all the blacks，so he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
T：Very good.You know a lot about them.Who can explain in which way struggle was an important part in the lives of them？Li Yang，would you have a try？
S5：OK.I think struggle for the equal rights of all the blacks was an important part in the lives of them.They both achieved their goals by peaceful revolution.
T：Who knows how the situations are in their countries now？Has the situation been improved？
S6：Things are different now in the USA.The blacks and the whites have equal rights.They can both be elected leaders of their country.
T：Good.Who has anything else to say？
S7：The same is in South Africa.After Mandela，there is a second black president.No matter who breaks the law of the country，he will be punished or put into prison.
Step 3 New words
T：Now I want you to have a look at the key words on the blackboard.Do you know the meanings of them？If not，you can check them on Pages 96-97.
（Give several minutes for them to get to know the meanings of these words.）
T：Let’s read these new words together.
Step 4 Warming up
T：Well done.From the discussion we had just now，we know Martin Luther King，Jr.and Nelson Mandela are great people.So what are the qualities we should find in a great person？Who do you think is a great person？
（Ask students to discuss these questions in groups of four.Five minutes later，check with the whole class.）
T：Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：Good.Now，who would like to tell us what qualities a great person should have，Li Lei，have a try？
S8：Smart，modest，unselfish，warm-hearted，confident，determined，active，honest，brave，persistent.
T：Very good.As a great person，should he/she get on well with others？Should he/she willing to do public service？Should he/she be active in society activities？Should he/she never lose heart when he/she is in great trouble？
S9：Yes.He/She should help others.
S10：As a great person，he/she should never lose heart when he/she is in trouble.
...
T：Now，I’d like to ask you a question like that what kind of person you are.Please look at Part 1，Page 33.Here is a form including 11 questions.Now please answer these questions by yourselves.Let us find out what qualities you have and if you have the qualities to be a great person.
（Let the students to answer these questions alone.At last，check the answers together with the whole class.）
T：I’m very glad to find out so many students in our class have the qualities to be a great person.By the way，so far you have done very well.
Step 5 Pre-reading
T：Just now，we talked about two great men，and now we will talk about five other people.William Tyndale，Norman Bethune，Sun Yat-sen，Gandhi and Neil Armstrong.You know，most of the great people are also important people.But important people may not also be great people.Now please turn to Pages 33-34 and read the information about them.Discuss their lives in pairs and decide which of them are great men and which are just important men.Give your reasons for your decision.
（Allow the students enough time to prepare.）
T：Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：Now any volunteers？
S11：I have a try.I think Norman Bethune is a great person because he fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War Ⅱ.Besides，he worked in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers.Finally he lost his life for the liberation of Chinese people.He is very unselfish.
T：Very good.Tom，what’s you opinion？
S12：In my opinion，Gandhi is great.He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
T：Well done.Do you think if William Tyndale is a great person，Mary？
S13：I don’t think so.I think William Tyndale is an important person because he just did an important thing—wrote the Bible in English so all could read it.I think Norman Bethune，Sun Yat-sen，Gandhi are great persons，because they devoted themselves to the liberation of mankind and they changed history while William Tyndale and Neil Armstrong are important persons because they just did an important deed in history.
T：Very good.But maybe different students have different ideas about that.Do you agree Nelson Mandela is a great person？
Ss：Yes.
T：Do you want to know more information about him？
Ss：Yes.
T：OK.Let’s read the passage “Elias’ story”.After you read the passage，I think you will learn a lot from it.Now read the passage quickly and decide which of the sentences on the screen are true.
（Show the following sentences on the screen and give the students several minutes to finish the task.）
1.Elias met Nelson Mandela at school.
2.Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer.
3.Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy.
4.Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.
5.Elias was happy blowing up government buildings.
6.Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people in South Africa.
7.Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.
8.The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC.
T：Look at the first sentence，please.Is it true？
S14：I think it is wrong，because Elias met Nelson Mandela when he was a poor black worker.
T：How about the second sentence？
S15：It’s right，because in the passage we can find this sentence.It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.
T：Very good.Now who can tell us which of these sentences are correct？
S16：I think the fourth sentence is right.
T：Do you agree with him/her？
Ss：Yes.
T：What about the third sentence？
S17：I think it is wrong.Elias was unable to read or write because his family could not continue to pay the school fess and the bus fare，so he had to leave school when he was eight years old.
T：Good.Look at the fifth sentence，who’d like to have a try？
S18：I’d like to.This sentence is wrong because Elias did not like violence.
T：How about the next sentence？
S19：It’s wrong.Nelson Mandela didn’t believe that black people were being treated as well as white people in South Africa.
T：How do you know this？
S20：In the passage，we can read this sentence：...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
T：Good.What about the last two sentences？
S21：They’re both wrong.Nelson Mandela believed that breaking the law in a peaceful way was his first choice.As to the last sentence，Nelson Mandela led the struggle against the government，so it is natural for him to be hated by the government.
Step 6 Reading and understanding
T：Now，read the text again and make a timeline of Elias’ life until he met Nelson Mandela.Work out the year in which he was born and then fit in the other event in his life till he was fourteen.
（Show the following on the screen.）
－1940 －1948
－1942 －1950
－1944 －1952
－1946 －1954
（Students practise for a few minutes and the teacher may join in their discussion and help them.Finally ask some students to answer them one by one.）
Suggested answers：
－1940 He was born.
－1942 Not mentioned.
－1944 Not mentioned.
－1946 He began school.
－1948 He had to leave school.
－1950 He worked in a gold mine in Johannesburg.
－1952 He first met Nelson Mandela.
－1954 Not mentioned.
T：To help you better understand the passage，please read the passage after the tape.And then answer the following questions：
Q1：How many parts can we divide the text into？
Q2：What’s the main idea of each part？
Are you clear？
（Teacher plays the tape and helps the students with their pronunciation.）
Suggested answers：
Part 1 （para 1-2）The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
Part 2 （para 3-5） The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did.
Step 7 Summary
T：Today，we’ve learnt a text “Elias’ story”.And we did some talking about great people.I think you have got a lot of information about racial discrimination and the qualities great people have in common.
Step 8 Homework
1.Read the passage more.
2.Finish Ex 1，Ex 2 on SB.P35-36.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The First Period
1.hero
2.quality
3.willing
4.active
5.republic
6.principle
7.nationalism
8.livelihood
9.fight
10.peaceful
...
Part 1 （para 1-2）
The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
Part 2 （para 3-5）
The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did.
●活动与探究
This activity is to make a research into what kind of person your best friend is.Ask students to fill in the following table after school by doing a research in their free time.
Questions Yes No
Do you always do your own homework？
Do you ask for help when you think it necessary？
Do you help others with their work if they ask you？
Do you get on well with your classmates？
Are you willing to do public service work without pay？
Your friend needs bus fare home but you want to buy something to eat.Would you refuse to help？
Are you active in school activities？
Do you have hobbies？
Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble？
Do you often help old people or little children when they need help？
●备课资料
Mandela’s statements in court during the trials are classics in the history of the resistance to apartheid，and they have been an inspiration to all who have opposed it.His statement from the dock in the Rivonia Trial ends with these words：
I have fought against white domination，and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be，it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment.He started his prison years in the notorious Robben Island Prison，a maximum security prison on a small island 7 km off the coast near Cape Town.
Mandela rejected an offer of release on condition that he renounce violence.Prisoners cannot enter into contracts.Only free men can negotiate，he said.In April 1984 he was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town.1988 he was moved the Victor Verster Prison.Released on 11 February 1990，Mandela plunged wholeheartedly into his life’s work.Striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier.In 1991，at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa，Nelson Mandela was elected President of the ANC.His lifelong friend and colleague，Oliver Tambo，became the organisation’s National Chairperson.Despite terrible provocation，he has never answered racism with racism.His life has been an inspiration，in South Africa and throughout the world.To all who are oppressed and deprived，and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation.In a life that symbolises the triumph of the human spirit over mans inhumanity to man，Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.He accepted the award on behalf of all South Africans who suffered and sacrificed so much，to bring peace to our land.The Sixth Period
●从容说课
In this period，Teacher will help to train the students’ reading，listening and speaking skills.
In the Reading part，the students should not only understanding the whole passage，but also try to compare it with the reading passage on Page pare the ways that the writers used to describe the facts and feelings.After comparison the students will know that the writer of the San Francisco quake described more feelings.So then the students are asked to read the third paragraph with feeling.Reading with emotions is often ignored by teachers and students.But it can really improve the students’ understanding of the passage.
In Listening part，the students will first use what they have learnt in the first period to fill in the form.Then they will listen to the tape several times to finish the task.This step doesn’t only provide the students a chance to train their listening ability but also provide them knowledge about how to produce an earthquake plan，which is very useful and practical.
Then the students will choose items for the personal earthquake bag.They should make good choices as well as explain the reasons why they choose these items instead of those.Like the previous step，this step also trains the students’ speaking and provides them with some useful knowledge.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn a passage about the San Francisco Earthquake.
（2）Learn how to make an earthquake plan.
（3）Learn what to contain in a personal earthquake bag.
2.Ability：
（1）Learn to compare two similar passages.
（2）Train the students’ listening ability.
（3）Train the students’ speaking ability.
（4）Learn to find reasons for their choices.
3.Emotion：
（1）Learn to cooperate with others.
（2）Learn from the bravery of people of San Francisco to face the reality.
●教学重点
（1）Train the students’ listening ability.
（2）Train the students’ speaking ability.
（3）Learn a passage about the San Francisco Earthquake.
●教学难点
（1）Learn to compare two similar passages.
（2）Learn to find reasons for their choices.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the second period，you learnt some detailed information about the Tangshan Earthquake.Can you use fewer than five sentences to summarize the passage？
S：Let me have a try.The terrible earthquake struck the city of Tangshan while people were sleeping.More than 400000 people were killed or injured in the quake.After the quake，people found nearly everything was destroyed.But people in Tangshan didn’t lose heart.They rebuilt the city with the help of soldiers.
T：Quite good.
Step 3 Reading and Comparing
T：In the first period，we also talked about the earthquakes that happened in San Francisco. Today，we will learn a passage titled “The Story of an Eyewitness”，which is about the San Francisco Earthquake in 1906.It was written by Jack London，who was a famous American writer.
T：First read the passage carefully.While reading，please think about the following questions：
（1）How did the author feel about the earthquake？
（2）How did the author feel about the people of San Francisco？
（Ss read the passage.）
T：Now，let’s check your answers.
S1：The author found the earthquake shocking and horrible，because the author wrote，“Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.” “Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre of the city.”
S2：The author found the people of San Francisco different from ever before，because the author wrote，“Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.” People became more patient and understanding to each other.
T：Quite good.But I don’t think they are the only answers to the questions.You can keep your own answers as long as you think they are reasonable and you can find proofs from the passage.
Read the first paragraph in this passage.Then go back and read again the first paragraph of the passage on Page pare the ways both writers give you details about the earthquakes.Try to finish the 4 exercises on Page 66.You may discuss in pairs.
（Ss read the two passages and finish the exercises.）
（After several minutes.）
T：Now let’s check your answers.
S3：I think the writer of the San Francisco in 1906 shows more feelings about the earthquake.For example，he wrote，“Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.”“Nothing is left of it but memories and....”
T：I agree with you.You can see that the author of the Tangshan quake in 1976 described many phenomena that happened before the quake was coming.There were no words that expressed the author’s feelings in the first paragraph.
S4：Both writers give similar details about the damage caused by the quakes and people’s bravery to face the realities.
（Teacher goes on checking the answers with the whole class and asks the students to give their reasons.）
T：Next I will play the tape of this passage for you to listen.Please pay special attention to the intonation.
（After listening.）
T：Now I will give you several minutes to read the third paragraph with feeling.
Step 4 Listening
T：Up till now，earthquakes are still difficult to predict.We can hardly avoid an earthquake.But actually we can do things to reduce the losses of an earthquake，and we have discussed that in the first period.Let’s look at the form on Page 66 and have a discussion about the earthquake plan with your partner.
（After several minutes.）
S1：The first thing I must do is to pick “safe places” in each room in my house.
S2：The second thing I must do is to stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and stay away from windows.
S3：The third thing I must do is to expect aftershocks and use extreme caution when entering buildings.
T：What should you do if you are outside？
S4：If I’m outside in an earthquake，I should stay outside and move away from buildings，trees，streetlights and power lines.I should stay there until the shaking stops.
T：What should you do if you are in the living room？
S5：I should stay away from window.Crouch down under a sturdy table and stay indoors until the shaking stops and I’m sure it’s safe to exit.
T：What should you do if you are in the house alone？
S6：I must keep calm.Step towards the nearest safe place in the house and stay there until the shaking stops.
T：Next we are going to listen to the tape and write down the three “things” that are mentioned.
（Teacher checks the answers with the class.）
T：Then let’s listen again.This time you should write down more details about each of the “things”.
（After listening，Teacher checks the answers with the class.Play the tape again if necessary.）
Step 5 Speaking
T：You know every family should have an earthquake bag，in which there are enough things that you can use in case of an earthquake.Here we have a list of possible items for the personal earthquake bag.Choose only eight things，which you think are the most essential，from the list.They must last you five days.Discuss with your partner.
（After several minutes.）
T：Now join another pair and discuss your choices.Put all the things you agree on into a final list.Discuss the other items explaining your reasons and trying to agree which ones are the most suitable.
（After several minutes.）
T：Each group should choose one representative.Now be prepared to present your list to the class and give your reasons for each choice.
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquake
The Sixth Period
Questions：
（1）How did the author feel about the earthquake？
（2）How did the author feel about the people of San Francisco？
My Earthquake Plan
1st thing I must do....
2nd thing I must do....
3rd thing I must do....
If you are outside，you....
If you are in the living room，you....
If you are in the house alone，you....
●活动与探究
Poster-making
Prepare a poster to be put up around schools or hospitals to explain to people what they should collect in a personal earthquake bag and why.Give a list of the items chosen and give reasons for the choice.The students must also explain why some other things should not be chosen.The students’ posters should be divided into three parts.
Part 1：What the poster is about and why.
Part 2：The items and why they are chosen.
Part 3：What should be avoided and why.
●备课资料
Questions and Answers about Earthquakes
1.What is the biggest earthquake ever recorded？
The largest earthquake recorded in the world in the last 200 years was the 1960 magnitude 9.5 earthquake in Chile.It caused 5700 deaths and created a large tsunami.It is the largest earthquake to be recorded by modern instruments and ruptured over 700 km of faultline with slip of about 20 m.It was the first real confirmation that the whole earth rings like a bell after a big earthquake.
2.What are foreshocks？
Foreshocks are earthquakes that occur up to days or weeks prior to a larger earthquake.Scientists are currently unable to tell the difference between foreshocks and normal background seismicity until the large earthquake has happened.However，the fact that many large earthquakes do have foreshocks，indicates that something unusual is happening before the large events and gives us hope that one day we will be able to detect what this unusual activity is.
3.How long does an earthquake last？
People who have just felt an earthquake often ask how long it lasted.What they really want to know is how long they felt the shaking.This depends on the size of the earthquake and their distance from it，because earthquake waves spread out as they travel，but also become weaker.A magnitude 6 earthquake several hundred kilometres away can be often be felt for 30-40 seconds.The actual duration of slip on the earthquake fault is usually quite brief —just a few seconds for a magnitude 6 for example.This is because the fault rupture spreads very quickly （at about the S wave speed），so the whole process of faulting is over very quickly.During the very largest earthquakes，fault rupture can continue for up to 5 minutes as the rupture spreads over a length of say 1000 km.For these earthquakes very high levels of aftershocks mean that the ground can be felt shaking continuously for some hours.The Third Period
●从容说课
This is the third period of this unit.To test if Ss have understood the phrases and patterns they learned during the second period，the teacher can first give them some revision exercises.“It is ...that” is a very difficult structure，so the teacher can design some exercises for Ss.
Ss have got some idea about the present continuous tense for future use in the first period，to make them more familiar with its function，the teacher can give them more practice，both oral and written.Meanwhile，the teacher will help them go over another two ways of expressing future actions.These tasks are designed to improve their ability of using language.
To make Ss well prepared for the reading of the fourth period，the teacher can deal with the rest few new words in this class.
As to the homework，the teacher will ask Ss to preview Part 3 on Page 19 after class.Because this work is a bit difficult，tell Ss any group work is welcome.
Since the five-day National holidays are coming.Suppose that one student and his friends will go for a trip.Ask them to go to a nearby travel agency and find a schedule for their trip.Later they are required to talk about what they will do on their travel，using present continuous tense.Through this activity，Ss can get to know what a travel plan is like，and consolidate what they have learned，which is correspondent to the teaching method “Learn through doing”.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn the present continuous tense for future use.
（2）Go over the other two ways of expressing future actions.
2.Ability：
Learn to make sentences，using the above three ways.
3.Emotion：
Develop Ss’ sense of group cooperation.
●教学重点
The present continuous tense for future use.
●教学难点
（1）It is ...that...
（2）The present continuous tense for future use.
●教具准备
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Revision
T：First I will test how well you understand what you learned yesterday.Please judge whether the following sentences are right.If they are not right，please correct them.
（1）It is with the help of the teacher that I passed the exam.
（2）It is I who is wrong.
（3）It was she that he helped with her homework yesterday.
（4）It was at the post-office where we met each other.
（5）It was yesterday afternoon when they played a close basketball game.
（6）Who was it that discovered the secret？
S：I think it’s right.
T：Do you agree with him？
S2：No，I think it is not right.But I don’t know why.
T：Does any one know the reason？
S3：In that cause，the past tense is used，so I think we should change “is” to “was”.
T：Quite Good.That is to say：当原句的时态为表示现在的各种时态时，用It is...；当原句的时态为表示过去的各种时态时，则用It was...。Now，what about the second sentence？
S：I think it is right.
S：I don’t agree with her.Here “who” refers to “I”，so after I we should use “am”.
T：Great.当被强调部分为原句的主语时，that句中谓语动词应在人称与数上与它保持一致。Let’s look at Sentence 3，is it right or wrong？
S：It’s wrong.The phrase is “help sb. with sth.” I think we should change “she” to “her”.
T：Good.当被强调部分为代词时，如是主语就用代词的主格，如是宾语则用宾格。So you see in Sentence 2，we use I instead of me，because the emphasized part is subject.
S：I see.
T：Is Sentence 4 a good sentence？
S：Yes，I think so.
T：What is your opinion，Han Mei？
Han Mei：I am not quite sure.
T：Write down this sentence in your notebook：
当被强调的对象指人时，可用who/whom 代替that；但当被强调的是地点、时间、原因、方式等状语时，决不能用where，when，why，how 等来替换。
S：Sentence 4 and Sentence 5 are wrong.We should use “that” in place of “where” and “when”.
T：You are clever.And the last sentence is right.Always remember：
Wh+was it that...？当对被强调的地点、时间、原因、方式等状语提问时，我们要用到这个句型。
Please translate these sentences，using this structure.
（1）他是在哪里度过他的童年时代的？
（2）他们怎样取得这么大的成就的呢？
（3）他和她为什么吵架？
S1：Where was it that he spent his childhood？
S2：How was it that they made such great achievements？
S3：Why was it that he quarreled with her？
Step 3 Relaxation
T：You did a quite good job.I will play an English song for you as a reward.But while enjoying the song，you should underline the verb in the sentences of part on Page 21.
Step 4 Grammar
T：Do you like the song？
S：Yes.
T：If you learn English well，you can find more wonderful things about English culture.Let’s work hard.
S：OK.
T：Have you underlined the verbs？
S：Yes，are working，are having，are giving，am singing.
T：What do we call this tense？
S：The present continuous tense.
T：But here does this tense express the present action or state？
S：No.
T：We all can see it expresses the future action.Can you express these sentences in other ways？
S：Are you going to work this evening？
We are going to have an English party.
We are going to give performances at the party.
I am going to sing songs with my classmates.
T：So you use “be going to” to express the future action.Will someone say them in a different way？
S：Will you work this evening？
We will have an English party.
We will give performances at the party.
I will sing songs with my classmates.
T：You are perfect right.And you use “will do” to express future action.Now how many ways do we have to express future actions？List them.
S：Three，be doing，be going to do，will do.
T：Good.（Write the three ways on the blackboard.）Now，let’s look at Part 3 on Page 21.Tell your partner what you want to do.
（Give Ss several minutes to talk to each other.）
T：Now，it’s time to demonstrate your sentences to the whole class.
Possible answers：
（1）Tomorrow morning，I am walking my dog./I am going to walk my dog./I will walk my dog.
（2）The day after tomorrow，I am taking part in an English speech contest./I am going to take part in an English speech contest./I will take part in an English speech contest.
（3）Next Saturday evening，I am enjoying a solo concert by Zhang Xueyou./I am going to enjoy a solo concert by Zhang Xueyou./I will enjoy a solo concert by Zhang Xueyou.
（4）Next month，I am moving to a new flat./I am going to move to a new flat./I will move to a new flat.
Step 5 Consolidation
T：Then let’s check Part 2 on Page 21.Will two of you read the dialogue？
S1：Miss Wang，I hear that you are traveling along the Mekong River.That’s really exciting.Have you got everything ready？
S2：Almost.
S1：When are you leaving？
S2：Next Monday.
S1：How far are you riding every day？
S2：It’s hard to say.If the weather is fine，I think we’ll be able to ride 75 km a day.
S1：Where are you staying at night？
S2：Usually in our tent，but sometimes in a small hotel in the town.
S1：Do you think you are coming back here soon？
S2：Oh，we are not coming back to this place.We are going home.That’ll be a month later.
S1：Thank you for your time，Miss Wang.Good luck on your journey.
S2：Thank you.
Step 6 New words
T：To make preparations for tomorrow’s reading，we’ll learn the rest new word in this unit.Look at the screen and try to pronounce the words by yourselves.
attitude，shorts，camp，record，afterthought，topic，familiar，brave
T：Jimmy，would you please read these new words.
Jimmy：...
T：Wei Hua，do you think Jimmy pronounce the words correctly？
Wei Hua：Not exactly.（Read the word/words that Jimmy doesn’t pronounce properly.）
T：Here are eight sentences for you to complete，please use the correct forms of the above words.
（1）Milu often says “____________ is everything.” to encourage the players to devote more.
（2）When traveling，it is more convenient for you to wear____________ than shirts.
（3）Since the hotels in the town are all engaged，we have to make ____________ in the tents.
（4）After staying together for two weeks，they got ____________ with each other and became friends.
（5）He likes to ____________ his daughter’s lovely laughter and enjoy it when free.
（6）Whenever we see a film，the Chinese teacher will ask us to write about our ____________.
（7）They discussed his position in the company and other ____________.
（8）____________ firefighters rescued the people from the burning building.
Give Ss a couple of minutes to finish the work.
Answers：
（1）Attitude （2）shorts （3）camp （4）familiar （5）record （6）afterthoughts
（7）topics （8）brave
Step 7 Homework
1.Finish Part 1 and Part 2 on Page 57 and Page 58.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Travel journal
The Third Period
grammar
be doing
be going to do
will do
examples
I am going out tomorrow morning.
I am going to see a film tonight.
I will visit my grandmother this Sunday.
●活动与探究
National holidays are coming.Suppose you and your friends will go for a trip.Please go to a nearby travel agency and find a schedule for your trip.Talk about what you will do on your travel，using present continuous tense.
Date morning afternoon evening
Oct.1
Oct.2
Oct.3
Oct.4
Oct.5
●备课资料
现在进行时的基本用法
a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr Green is writing another novel.
（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
She is learning piano under Mr Smith.
c.表示渐变的动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It’s getting warmer and warmer.
d.与always，constantly，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，表示强烈的赞扬或批评。
You are always changing your mind.
You are always doing your work well.The Seventh Period
●从容说课
This is the seventh period of this unit，the end of this unit.After finishing learning this unit，students should know how well they did and how they can improve themselves.They should learn how to evaluate themselves.Therefore，in this period，there is a part for students to sum up what they learned in this unit.Besides，some learning tips are introduced to students.In the workbook，there are two parts：project and checking yourself.The first part is to ask the students to make a research into a great person around himself or herself.The second one is to make the students learn how to evaluate themselves.In a word，this period is designed to go over the whole unit.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Sum up what the students have learned in this unit，including：useful verbs，useful nouns，useful expressions，new grammar item.
2.Ability：
（1）Know how well they did in this unit.
（2）Know how to improve themselves.
3.Emotion：
Learn how to evaluate themselves.
●教学重点
（1）Enable the students to master useful verbs，useful nouns，useful expressions，new grammar item.
（2）Help them to know how well they did.
（3）Help them to learn how to evaluate themselves.
●教学难点
Help them to learn how to evaluate themselves.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：Yesterday you were asked to writing a passage about a great person.Have you finished your homework？
Ss：Yes.
T：Very good.Who’d like to introduce your hero/heroine？
S1：I want a try.Madam Curie is my heroine.She is a French professor of physics.She was born in Poland in 1867.In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland.When she was studying in Paris，she lived a poor life，but she worked very hard.In 1895 she married Pierre Curie，and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter.They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter—polonium and radium.In 1904 she and her husband received a Nobel Prize for Physics.After Mr Curie died in 1906，she went on with her research.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911，so she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.
T：Excellent.Anybody else？
S2：Let me try.Albert Einstein is my hero.He was born on March 14，1879 in Ulm，Wurttemberg，Germany.Einstein contributed more than any other scientist since Sir Isaac Newton to our understanding of physical reality.Einstein worked at the patent office in Bern，Switzerland from 1902 to 1909.During this period he completed an astonishing range of theoretical physics publications，written in his spare time，without the benefit of close contact with scientific literature or colleagues.The most well known of these works is Einstein’s 1905 paper proposing “the special theory of relativity.” Later in 1905 Einstein showed how mass and energy were equivalent expressing it in the famous equation：E=mc2.This equation became a cornerstone in the development of nuclear energy.Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for relativity，rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.He worked on at Princeton until the end of his life on an attempt to unify the laws of physics.
Step 3 Summing up
T：Good jobs.Today we will finish learning this unit.Now let’s sum up what we have learned in this unit.Here are some guiding notes to help you.Please fill in the information sheet.
（Show the card on the screen.）
What have you learned about Nelson Mandela.
_________________________________
From this unit you have also learned
●Useful verbs___________________________
●Useful nouns___________________________
●Useful expressions___________________________
●New grammar item___________________________
Now I’ll give you some minutes to write possible answers.
Suggested answers：
What have you learned about Nelson Mandela.
intelligent/determined/generous/kind/unselfish/hard-working/brave/confident
From this unit you have also learned
●Useful verbs：
fight，advise，continue，vote，accept，guard，fear，reward，sentence
●Useful nouns：
hero，quality，republic，principle，nationalism，livelihood，prison，prisoner，law，fee，gold，passbook，ANC，youth，league，stage，position，violence，blanket，degree，terror，fear，cruelty，reward，right，criminal，leader，president
●Useful expressions：
lose heart，in trouble，worry about，out of work，Youth League，as a matter of fact，blow up，put...in prison，come to，power，set up，be sentenced to
●New grammar item：
The attributive clauses with when/where/why
Step 4 Learning tip
T：In the last periods，we have learned two passages about Nelson Mandela.So you have been very familiar with this kind of passage.Here is a question for you to discuss.Listen carefully.Which learning tips do you think are more useful？Are you clear about that？
Ss：Yes.
T：Work in groups of four and discuss for a few minutes.Then I’ll ask some students to express your opinions.You can begin now.
（A few minutes later.）
T：OK.Are you ready now？
Ss：Yes.
T：Who’d like to be the first to talk about your opinions？Any volunteer？
S1：I think when we choose a famous person，we must try to find out as much as we can about his or her life.
S2：In my opinion，it is important to read what a famous person did and what people remember about him or her.
S3：I think it is also important to find some people who like him or her and some who do not.At the same time，we should try to find out for what reason they like this person or not.
T：Very good.While you are doing this，you will be teaching yourself a useful way of learning.
Step 5 Project
T：Now please turn to Page 75.Please look at the project.You know a great person need not to be famous.So your task is to look around your hometown and see if you can find anyone who has given up something to help others.Then write a short report about research and read it to the class.Please finish it after class.
Step 6 Checking yourself
T：Now we have finished learning this unit.Please discuss the following questions.
（Show these questions on the screen.）
What kind of person do you want to be？
Are you going to become a great person like Nelson Mandela？Why？
Do you think a rich and successful person is a great person？Why or why not？
What have you learned from Nelson Mandela？From what quality do you admire him most？
Do you know anyone who has given up a lot for others？
How well have you done in the exercises on the attributive clause？
Did you have any problems in understanding this unit？How did you solve them？
（Give the students several minutes to prepare.And then have a discussion about these questions with the whole class.）
Step 7 Summary
T：In this lesson，we summed up what we have learned in this unit.Besides，we talked about some learning tips.And then you check yourself.Today we have finished this unit，so please review the whole unit，especially pay more attention to the important words，phrases and grammar we learned in this unit.
Step 8 Homework
Go over the whole unit.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Seventh Period
What have you learned about Nelson Mandela.
____________________________________
From this unit you have also learned
●Useful verbs_______________________________
●Useful nouns_______________________________
●Useful expressions_______________________________
●New grammar item_______________________________
●活动与探究
Your task is to look around your hometown and see if you can find anyone who has given up something to help others.Then write a short report about research and read it to the class.Please finish it after class.
●备课资料
How to Improve Your English Grammar
Use self-study grammar books.
Practice forming meaningful sentences.Make positive statements，negative，turn statements into questions，make active statements passive.Turn past tense sentences into present tense sentences etc.
Learn the different tenses.Learn by heart a simple example sentence using each tense.
Do online exercises.Keep a note of how you did and go back in a few weeks to see how you have improved.
On this site：Use the grammar pages to learn new grammar and then test yourself.
How to Improve Your English Vocabulary
Use self-study vocabulary books.
Expose yourself to as much English as possible by reading，watching the TV，films or the news and listening to the radio or music.
Do online exercises.Keep a note of how you did and go back in a few weeks to see how you have improved.
Use stick it notes and label things around your home.
Vocabulary webs
Build a vocabulary web to organise your vocabulary about certain subjects.
For example your personal life：
and then extend it：
On this site：Use the dictation pages to test your understanding.and then extend it further...
Flash cards
Start a flash cards box.
Buy or cut out some cards all the same size.
Draw or cut out some pictures.
Paste the pictures onto one side of the card and write the correct word on the other side.
Put new words in the front of the box.
Test yourself using either the pictures，the words or both.
If you have forgotten a word bring it to the front of the box.
On this site：Use the vocabulary pages to learn new vocabulary thematically and in context.
How to Improve Your English Listening Skills
Make sure you have the right software to take advantage of what is available on the WWW.You can download players and find links to online radio stations at ， and .
Try some English radio stations.
Films in English are an excellent language resource.Follow my tips on how to use films to improve your English.
Keep up to date with current events and watch an English-language news station，such as BBC World.Watch news reports on events you are already aware of.
Find out how to switch languages on your TV.If you have digital or satellite TV there are several channels that broadcast in multiple languages.Eurosport is one and Euronews is another.
On this site：Use my English magazine Ezine pages to find some interesting articles to listen to.
On this site：Read my poem of the month or joke of the month and then send off for the monthly sound files.The Fourth Period
●从容说课
This period lays emphasis on grammar，that is，the Attributive Clause，which is also the difficult point in Senior English.
First，revise what the students have learnt in the last period by filling in the blanks in a passage and translating some sentences from Chinese into English.
In this unit the students should learn to use the Relative Pronouns such as that，which，who，whom and whose to introduce an Attributive Clause.First，the teacher presents one sentence containing an Attributive Clause，which was taken from the reading passage.Teacher tries to analyze the sentence and let the students have a general idea about what is an Attributive Clause.Then the students are asked to find all the sentences that contain an Attributive Clause in the Reading passage.Next the teacher will explain the difference between these relative pronouns and also show some typical examples.After that，the students will choose the right relative pronouns to complete some sentences.
In order to consolidate the grammar，the students will do some oral practice.In this practice，the students will tell each other their own unusual experiences.Then each group will choose one representative to report to the whole class.The students should not only learn about the grammar，but also learn how to use them，which is much more important.Also this part can help the students to communicate with each other using the language that they have learned，and this is the real purpose of learning languages.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn the Attributive Clause.
（2）Learn the difference between Relative Pronouns for the Attributive Clauses.
2.Ability：
（1）Learn to choose the correct Relative Pronouns for the Attributive Clauses.
（2）Train the students’ ability to report what others have said.
3.Emotion：
Train the students’ ability to cooperate with each other.
●教学重点
（1）Learn the Attributive Clause.
（2）Train the students’ ability to report what others have said.
●教学难点
Learn to choose the correct Relative Pronouns for the Attributive Clauses.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the last period，we learned the usage of some difficult words and expressions.Now let’s check your homework exercises.Look at Part 1 in Using Words and Expressions on Page 63.Describe an earthquake using the vocabulary in this unit.Then choose the words and expressions from the box to complete the passage.Change the form if necessary.
（One student reads the short passage.The teacher corrects any mistakes if there are any.）
T：Then let’s come to the next part.Translate the sentences into English using the words and expressions in the brackets.I will ask some of you to read the sentences.
S1：The evening before last，she was too nervous to eat anything.
S2：When people found there was a second quake，they rushed out of their houses right away.
S3：After that terrible disaster，60 percent of the homeless children were sent to other safe cities to live.
S4：To the north of the factory，a little girl was dug out of the ruins.
S5：We are proud of the soldiers，who rescued those boys from the race.
S6：We should honor those who organized the rescue work.
T：You did a quite good job.
Step 3 Grammar
（The teacher writes the sentence “Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.” on the blackboard before class begins.）
T：Please look at the sentence on the blackboard，paying special attention to the underlined part.What kind of clause is it？
Ss：The Attributive Clause.
T：Yes.You are right.The Attributive Clause tells us which person or thing （or what kind of person or thing） the speaker means.
e.g.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
A sentence with an attributive clause is a combination of two shorter sentences.In the sentence above，the two short sentences are： “The woman is a teacher.” and “The woman lives next door.” The Attributive Clause is the answer to the question：Which woman is a teacher？
Would you try to divide the sample sentence on the blackboard into two short sentences？
S1：Workers built shelters for survivors.
The survivors’ homes had been destroyed.
T：That’s right.Now try to find all the sentences with Attributive Clauses in the Reading passage.
（After several minutes.）
S2：But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，went to bed as usual that night.
S3：It was heard in Beijing，which is one hundred kilometers away.
S4：A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses，roads and canals.
S5：The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400000.
S6：The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
T：Very good.Then which part of the Attributive Clause，do you think，is the most difficult one？
S7：The relative pronouns.
T：You have noticed that many exercises about the Attributive Clause are designed for the students to choose a better relative pronoun.So next I will say something about the common relative pronouns.
“Who” is used for people.
e.g.The man has been caught.He did the robbery.
→The man who did the robbery has been caught.
“Which” is used for things.
e.g.The chair was a broken one.I sat in the chair.
→The chair which I sat in was a broken one.
“That” is used for things or people.
e.g.A plane is a machine.It can fly.
→A plane is a machine that can fly.
Here is the boy.He damaged the vase.
→Here is the boy that damaged the vase.
“Whose” is used instead of his/her/their.
e.g.She is the girl.Her English is the best in our class.
→She is the girl whose English is the best in our class.
“Whom” is quite formal，and in most cases it is all right to use who instead.But when whom has a preposition before it，it cannot be replaced by who.
e.g.（1）I wanted to see the woman.She had already left.
→The woman whom/who I wanted to see had already left.
（2）The workers，some of whom stayed here for four years，come from different countries.
T：Now look at Part 2 in Discovering Useful Structures on Page 28.Try to complete each sentence using that，which，who，or whose.
（After several minutes.）
S8：The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who were asleep.
T：Oh，attention，please.In this sentence we can’t use “whom”，because “whom” can’t act as a subject in the Attributive Clause.
S9：So you mean “who” can act as a subject，while “whom” can act as an object in an Attributive Clause.
T：Yes.And “who” can also act as an object in the Attributive Clause.Now，let’s come to the next sentence.
S10：The next day people put up shelters in the open air with all kinds of things that/which they could find.
S11：Several days later most of the buildings that had been damaged were repaired.
S12：We went to see our teacher whose husband was killed in the earthquake.
S13：A number of children whose parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.
T：You did a quite good job.
Step 4 Consolidation
T：Now we are going to practice using the Attributive Clause.Think about an unusual experience and how you felt.Work in groups.Take turns asking questions，using “Was it something that？” or “Was there someone who？” Take notes about the experiences of your group members and report back to the class.
（Ss work in groups.Meanwhile the teacher goes around the class and helps Ss deal with any difficulties that they may have.）
（After several minutes.）
T：Each group should choose one representative to make a report to the whole class.
S1：Was it something that frightened you？
S2：Yes，I was really frightened and felt terribly painful.
S3：Was there someone who came to help you？
S4：Yes.Some passers-by came to help me and they sent me to the nearest hospital.
S5：While riding a bike back home，Xiao Ming was hit by a car.He fell down from the bike onto the ground.He felt terribly painful.Some passers-by came to help him and sent him to hospital.After examination，the doctors found his left leg was broken.
T：Excellent.
Step 5 Homework
T：After class，read the passage on Page 64.It’s about advice on how to protect your home from an plete the sentences below，using who，whom，which，that or whose. Second，please translate the following sentences into English，using the Attributive Clauses.
1.她的父母不允许她嫁给任何家境贫寒的人。
2.两位朋友谈论了许多他们所记得的大学里的人和事。
3.正在那儿唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。
4.这就是你上个月参观的博物馆吗？
5.他正在写字用的那枝钢笔是我的。
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquake
The Fourth Period
Example： Workers built shelters Answers：
for survivors whose 1.who 2.that/which
homes had been 3.that 4.whose
destroyed. 5.whose
Relative Pronouns： Useful Expressions：
who，which，that 1.Was it something that ...？
whose，whom 2.Was there someone who ...？
●活动与探究
Conducting a Survey：
Conduct a survey on campus in pairs.Ask teachers or students that you can meet and write down the information you get.Then write a report based on the information.At last report your survey to the whole class and choose the best reporter.
Questions：
（1）Have you experienced any disaster？
（2）What was it and when did it happen？
（3）What did you do at first？Did you feel frightened？
（4）How did you survive？
（5）Did anyone come to help you？
（6）What have you learnt from it？
●备课资料
定语从句关系词的选择
1.只用that，不用which的情况：
（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，the one等。
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词前有the only，few，one of，little，no，all，every，very 等词修饰时。
There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
（3）先行词被序数词first，last，next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.
（4）当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
（5）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时。
China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
（6）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？
（7）当先行词是what时。
What did you hear that made you so happy？
2.只用which不用that的情况：
（1）先行词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
Their house was washed away by the floods，which made them very sad.
（2）当关系代词前有介词。
This is the factory in which we once worked.
（3）当先行词本身是that时。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now？
（4）当关系代词后面带有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which，as I have told you，will help improve your English.
3.as与which的比较：
（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中的某个部分，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.
As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.
（2）如关系代词代表全句意思，有“正如……，就像……”之意时，用as。
We won the football game，as we had expected.
（3）当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，用as。
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.
Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.
（4）当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which。
The young man cheated his friend out of much money，which was disgraceful.
Related Exercises：
1.I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
A.whom；to B.which；to
C.to whom；to D.that；to him
2.Harbin is the very place ____________ I’m anxious to pay a visit.
A.that B.which
C.on which D.to which
3.Have you been to Hangzhou，____________ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country？
A.whose B.which C.that D.where
4.I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
A.that B.from whom
C.from which D.whom
5.Here are players from Japan，____________ are our old friends.
A.that B.where C.they D.who
6.They arrived at the farmhouse，in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
A.the place B.it C.which D.that
7.That is the day ____________ I’ll never forget.
A./ B.on which
C.in which D.when
8.The letter is from my sister，____________ is working in Beijing.
A.which B.that C.who D.she
9.I lost a book，____________ I can’t remember now.
A.its title B.whose title C.the title of it D.the title of that
10.I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
A.which B.what C.like D.as
11.He is good at English，____________ we all know.
A.that B.as C.this D.what
12.I’ll never forget the days ____________ we spent together in the countryside.
A.when B.on which C.which D.in which
13.This is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
A.that B.which C.now that D.if
14.He is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
A.who is B.who are
C.they are D.that come
15.Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
16.I，who ____________ in America，feel proud of being a Chinese.
A.is B./ C.am D.being
17.The boy failed in the exam again，____________ made his parents disappointed.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
18.The doctors and nurses did ____________ they could to help the wounded.
A.all what B.all which C.everything what D.all that
19.He’ll never forget the people and the place ____________ she visited in Beijing last year.
A.that B.which C.whom D.where
20.Do you know the reason ____________ he was late？
A.for what B.which C.for which D.that
1~5 ADABD 6~10 CACBD 11~15 BCAAC 16~20 CBDACThe Seventh Period
●从容说课
This is the last period of this unit，so the teacher will lay emphasis on revision and summary.
The Learning Tip of this unit is to listen to English more.So at first，the students will do a listening test.It is a story about a survivor of the terrible San Francisco earthquake.After listening，the students are asked to do some true-or-false exercises and answer some questions.The step is to improve the students’ ability to catch the useful information while listening.Then the students are asked to read after the tape to imitate the pronunciation and intonation，which is also a purpose of listening.
Then the students will sum up what they have learned in this unit，including the knowledge about the earthquakes，useful words，phrases expressions and new grammar items.The students should frequently look back on what they have learned.Only in this way can they learn the language better.
At last the students will do a project.This requires the students to put what they have learned in this unit into use.The students will first discuss the project in groups of four.Then they will form different groups and tell the new group members their plan.This step is to train the students’ speaking ability as well as the ability to cooperate with others.It also requires the students to reason what they are planning to do.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）The important words，phrases and expressions in this unit.
（2）The new grammar item，the Attributive Clause.
2.Ability：
（1）Train the students’ listening ability.
（2）Train the students’ speaking ability.
（3）Train the students’ ability to read with feelings.
（4）Learn to be logical while doing things.
4.Emotion：
（1）Learn to cooperate with each other.
（2）Learn to be brave to face the difficulties.
●教学重点
（1）Train the students’ listening ability.
（2）Train the students’ speaking ability.
●教学难点
（1）Carry out a project.
（2）Learn to be logical while doing things.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Listening
T：In the last period we learned a passage written by an eyewitness about the terrible San Francisco earthquake in 1906.Today we will listen to a story told by a man who was a survivor of the earthquake.Listen to the tape the first time，and try to tell whether the statements in Part 1 are true or false.
（Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen and finish the task.）
（After listening，the teacher checks the answers with the class.）
T：Now let’s listen to the tape again.This time you should try to correct the statements that are false.
（Teacher checks the answers with the students after listening.）
T：Let’s listen to the tape the third time and try to answer the questions in Part 2.
（After listening，the teacher checks the answers.）
T：While listening to the tape，you should not only pay attention to the contents，but also the pronunciation and intonation.Next，I will play the tape again.You should mark liaison and incomplete explosion in the sentences in Part 3.Then practice reading them aloud.
（Students listen and read.Meanwhile，the teacher goes around the classroom to correct any mistakes that the students may make.）
Step 3 Learning tip
T：In order to learn a language well，you should do a lot of practice，including listening，speaking，reading and writing.Only when we understand what is said to us can we have a conversation with somebody.So listening to English is very important.After class，you should listen to the English news on the radio or watch the news on CCTV International.You will not only get a lot of information about what is happening around the world，but also improve your listening and learn more English words and expressions.At the same time，you will improve your pronunciation and intonation.
Step 4 Summing up
T：Now let’s sum up what you have learnt in this unit.Work with your partner.First write down what you have learned about earthquakes.Then write down the verbs，nouns，expressions and new grammar items that you have learned from this unit.
（After several minutes the teacher will ask some individual students to read out what they have written down.）
Step 5 Project
T：By now you know that earthquakes are terrible natural disasters and that China is unlucky enough to have a lot of them.However，as the example of Tangshan has shown，people can find hope for a brighter future even after a bad earthquake.Work in groups of four.First share what you have learned about earthquakes with your group members.
（Ss work in groups.）
T：Now imagine that your group lives in a city that has been hit by an earthquake.Your group is given the job to build a new city.Make a list of things that need to be done.Decide what things must be done first and what things can be done later.The list of things on Page 68 should be considered.Maybe you will have different opinions with other group members.Remember to give reasons for what you have chosen.
（Ss discuss in groups，while the teacher gets around the classroom and helps the students deal with any difficulties they may have.）
T：From your group’s list，choose one thing that you consider to be the most important and write down your reasons.
（After several minutes.）
T：Now we will make different groups.Number every member of your group from 1 to 4.All the students with No.1 go to one group，and all the students with No.2 go to the same group and the same with students with No.3 and No.4.
（After the students have formed new groups.）
T：Tell your new group members the thing that you have chosen and the reasons.Then each group should make a list of three most important things.
（After several minutes the teacher checks the students’ answers.）
（The answers can be various.But each group must provide enough reasons for the things that they have chosen.）
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquake
The Seventh Period
Summing up
Write down what you have learned about earthquakes.
From this unit you have also learned
·useful verbs：
·useful nouns：
·other expressions：
·new grammar item：
●活动与探究
Poster-making
Report on Earthquakes：
Up till now the students have learned a lot of things about earthquakes，including two terrible earthquakes both at home and abroad，the causes of earthquakes，the ways to reduce the losses of earthquakes，and how to produce an earthquake plan.So the students are asked to make a report to the whole class about these earthquake-related things.
1.Work in groups of five or six.List the things they want to mention.
2.Each student of the group writes one aspect of earthquakes.
3.Combine what they have written into a passage，adding necessary words or phrases.
4.Each group chooses one representative to present the report to the whole class.
5.Choose the best reporter and the best group.
●备课资料
A Circus Disaster
July 6，1944，was a day of nightmare（噩梦） that I will never forget.That afternoon when I was making up my face in a dressing tent at the moment，I suddenly heard someone run past shouting “Fire! ” Fire was what we circus（马戏团） people most feared for there was a large audience in the tent，including many children.I rushed towards the tent with a bucket but I could do nothing with it since the tent was burning too high and the flames spreading quickly.
In the burning tent was a scene of panic（恐慌）：people rushed towards the exits，and some even jumped twelve feet from the top rows of the grandstand to the ground outside.Some people，after getting out，tried to re-enter to help their relatives or friends.Yet it was impossible for them to get through the crowd；instead，they blocked the way，I fought at one exit，shouting at the top of my lungs.“Go on! Keep moving!” At every exit，circus people were doing the same thing.In the midst of this scene，the musicians kept on playing until the tent was a fire overhead.
City fire equipment finally arrived and put out the fire.All the circus people were safe though some were bruised（撞伤） or burned during the rescue work.The audience，however，were not that lucky.In a panic，they all tried to use the regular exits through which they had entered the rent.As a result，168 people had died in the fire ─the worst circus disaster in history.The Fourth Period
●从容说课
This is the fourth period of this unit.The teacher will first check the homework exercises.Since the present continuous tense for future use is not very difficult for the students，the teacher just offers the students the answers to the exercises in Part 1 on Page 57 and leaves Part 2 on Page 58 out.
To get Ss a complete idea about the trip along the Mekong，the teacher will first check the homework exercise on Page 19.To show Ss Wang Kung’s and Wang Wei’s similar and different attitudes about the trip clearly，the teacher can designed a chart.This task is designed to develop Ss’ ability of reading between the lines as well as that of summarizing the text.
After talking about the attitudes，the teacher can lead in Part 2 of this unit naturally by asking two questions：
1.How does Wang Kung feel about the trip now？
2.What do you think has changed his attitude？
Then the teacher asks Ss to go through the passage quickly and find out the answers.
Before the second reading，the teacher first can ask Ss how a travel journal is organized：（What can they write about when writing a travel journal？then write down their answers on the blackboard：see，hear，eat，wear，feel，do），finally ask them to list these things.
These activities not only reminds Ss to read a passage as a whole，but also get them into the habit of reading a passage between the lines.Only in this way can they understand the writer’s implied meaning as well as enjoying the pleasure of reading.
To make the students aware of the safety of a trip and to make sure that it is a safe and pleasant trip，the teacher asks them to hold a discussion about what to do before starting a trip and then ask two of them to work together and write a short dialogue after class.The first task tells Ss to value their lives while the second task gives them a chance to practise writing.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn to read between the lines and know Wang Kung’s and Wang Wei’s different and similar attitudes toward the trip along the Mekong.
（2）Understand the second part of Journey Down the Mekong.
2.Ability：
（1）Learn how to read and organize a travel journal.
（2）Get to know what to do before a trip.
3.Emotion：
（1）Develop Ss’ sense of group cooperation.
（2）Get Ss to know the value of life and the importance to protect nature.
●教学重点
（1）How to read and organize a travel journal.
（2）What to do before a trip.
●教学难点
（1）How to get the implied meanings of an passage.
（2）How to read and organize a travel journal.
●教具准备
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Revision
T：First，I’ll ask some of you to give the answers to the exercises in Part 1 on Page 57.
Suggested answers：
are going/will go/
am going to stay/will stay/am staying
is going to fly/will fly/is flying
is going to take/will take/is taking；leaves
is giving；is saying
am coming
are；going；are；getting
bought；will buy/are going to buy；
met；will meet/are meeting/are going to meet
Step 3 Lead in
T：Here is good news.Your favorite singer Jay will give performances in Wuxi Stadium.But tomorrow you will take an English exam.What will you do？
S1：Forget the exam and enjoy the concert first.
S2：Forget the concert.Get well prepared for the exam.I can enjoy another concert of his some day.
S3：...
S4：...
T：So we can see different students have different ideas，or different students hold different attitudes.（Write “hold a...attitude” on the blackboard）.Do you know what an attitude is？
S：An attitude is what a person thinks about something.
T：Yes，usually different people hold different attitudes.Let’s turn back to Part One of this unit and make a comparison between Wang Kung’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes toward the trip along the Mekong.
Present the chart on the screen；then give Ss a few minutes to discuss.
similarity difference
1. Wang Kung’s attitude Wang Wei’s attitude
2.
3.
Suggested answer：
similarity difference
dream about it for a long time Wang Kung’s attitude Wang Wei’s attitude
want to begin it from the source of the Mekong It will be difficult because of thin air and cold weather. It will be an interesting experience.
will not give it up however hard it is They should know the details before starting. She doesn’t care much about details.
T：Now，who do you think was right about the trip？
S：Wang Kung.
T：Why？
S：His attitude was more practical and it is always right to get well prepared before setting out for a trip.
T：Quite right.
Step 4 First reading
T：Now I’d like you to read the second part of this unit，and find out the answers to the two questions：
1.How does Wang Kung feel about the trip now？
2.What do you think has changed his attitude？
Ss read the passage silently with some light music being played.
T：Are you ready now？
S：He thinks the trip is full of fun and excitement and he is eager for it.
T：How can you know？
S：The text says：to climb the mountain was hard work，but to go down the hills was great fun.It also says：we can hardly wait to see them.The later sentence means that Wang Kung and his sister were eager to meet their cousins and set out for the trip.
T：Good answer and good explanation.You see，he can read between the lines.
Class，you should learn from him.Who will be a volunteer to answer the second question？
S：I’ll try.At first，Wang Kung was not very eager for the trip，because he thought the trip would not be very easy because of thin air and cold weather.But the different experiences on the way to the altitude have changed his attitude.
T：Can you tell us what the different experiences are？
S：The changeable weather，the ice in autumn，their living in the tent，and the unusual quietness at night.
T：Good，you read the text very carefully.
Step 5 Second-reading
T：Suppose you have just come back from a trip，and you want to tell your e-pal about your trip，what will you tell him？
S：Of course I’ll tell him what I have seen during the trip，wonderful sceneries，interesting people and customs.
S：I will tell him what I eat；in some places there are special delicious food.
S：I can also tell him what I hear and what I do.
S：At the end of my e-mail，I’ll tell him what I feel about the trip.
T：So you know what to write about when writing a travel journal.And when reading such kind of articles，you also need to pay attention to these information.
Please read the passage and fill in the chart.
see
hear
do
feel
（Chart one）
Suggested answers：
see snowfall
clear sky
bright stars
hear almost no sound but that of the fire
do ride bicycle in the snow
change autumn clothes to winter clothes
change winter clothes back to autumn clothes
put up tents to make camp
feel （legs） heavy and cold
To climb the mountain was hard work，but to go down the hills was great fun.
can hardly wait to see their cousins
（Chart two）
Step 6 Discussion
T：We all know traveling is interesting and exciting，but sometimes dangerous.
Now my question is：What can we do before we set out for a trip to make our trip a safe and pleasant one？
Give Ss a few minutes to discuss.
S1：I think we should first decide a proper destination.Think about our time and money，then find an ideal destination.
S2：We should get to know the background information about the place we’ll visit，such as its language，history，culture，customs，religion，politics.
S3：Decide what means of transport we will take to save money and time.
S4：We’d better know about the weather there，so we can prepare proper clothes.
T：Yes，proper clothes can keep you warm or cool.
S5：I think a compass and a local map is always necessary in case that we lose our way.
T：Good.And what else will take along with you？
S6：Medicine.Someone may catch cold or get sunburn，or get bitten by mosquitoes.We can take some water-resistance sunscreen and insect repellent to avoid being bitten.
S7：Maybe we can wear sunglasses or straw hats to protect ourselves from the sunshine.
S8：We’d better take some food and drinks.
S9：Take a cell phone with us.In case of emergency，we can get in touch with the police or relatives，thus we’ll get immediate rescue.
S10：Fire-starter and matches are also very useful.Fires are a great way to signal for help if you get lost.
S11：I think that we can take an army knife or multi-purpose tool.They can not only be used to cut cheese or open cans，but also enable us to cut strips of cloth into bandages，remove splinters，fix broken eyeglasses，and perform a whole host of repairs on malfunctioning gear.
S12：We can take a flashlight for fear of darkness in the wild.For Part 2 on Page 57，the teacher can ask individual student to come to the blackboard and write one sentence each.Then ask several other Ss to correct the mistakes，if there are any，and ask them to give reasons.Through these activities，Ss are given not only translation exercises，but also proofreading exercises，in which the mistakes are the typical ones made by Ss themselves.By checking the two exercises，the teacher can find out what Ss are still not quite familiar with and needs to be improved and make some necessary change of his/her teaching plans.
T：（Present these information on the blackboard to make Ss remember them.The teacher can present the information in the form below：）
T：I’d like to remind you that whenever you go，don’t forget to get your life insured.
Step 7 Homework
1.Imagine that the dialogue happens the next morning before Wang Kung and Wang Wei leave their camp.Two of you write one short dialogue between them，and act it out.
2.Finish workbook exercise Part 1 “Using words and expressions” on Pages 56-57.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Trave Journal
The Fourth Period
Chart 1 Chart 2
●活动与探究
Ask Ss to make a survey，and then interview their classmates about the means of transportation and things they would like to take with them and reasons.
Name means of transportation reason things to take reason
By boat By train By air By bus
●备课资料
1.Get Yourself Covered!
You could fall ill or have an accident；you could have money or luggage stolen；your visit might be cancelled or cut short through injury or illness；you may have to be flown home if there is a serious incident.Taking out can cover all these risks and more.Purchasing insurance for a few pounds is going to give you and your family peace of mind.
2.The Ten Essentials
By GORP Hiking Expert Karen Berger
In the 1930s，the Mountaineers，a Seattle-based hiking，climbing，and conservation organization，came up with a list of 10 essential items that no climber should be without.
Map.A map not only tells you where you are and how far you have to go，it can help you find campsites，water，and an emergency exit route in case of an accident.
Compass.A compass can help you find your way through unfamiliar terrain—especially in bad weather where you can’t see the landmarks.
Water and a way to purify it.Without enough water，your body’s muscles and organs simply can’t perform as well：You’ll be susceptible to hypothermia and altitude sickness，not to mention the abject misery of raging thirst.
Extra Food.Any number of things could keep you out longer than expected：a lengthy detour，getting lost，an injury，difficult terrain.A few ounces of extra food will help keep up energy and morale.
Rain Gear and extra clothing.Because the weatherman is not always right.Especially above treeline，bring along extra layers.Two rules：Avoid cotton （it keeps moisture close to your skin），and always carry a hat.
Firestarter and matches.The warmth of a fire and a hot drink can help prevent an encounter with hypothermia.And fires are a great way to signal for help if you get lost.
First aid kit.Prepackaged first aid kits for hikers are available at outfitters.Double your effectiveness with knowledge：Take a basic first aid class with the American Red Cross or a Wilderness First Aid class，offered by many hiking organizations.
Army knife or multi-purpose tool.These enable you to cut strips of cloth into bandages，remove splinters，fix broken eyeglasses，and perform a whole host of repairs on malfunctioning gear—not to mention cut cheese and open cans.
Flashlight and extra bulbs.For finding your way in the dark and signaling for help.
Sun screen and sun glasses.Especially above treeline when there is a skin-scorching combination of sun and snow，you’ll need sunglasses to prevent snowblindness，and sunscreen to prevent sunburn.The Second Period
●从容说课
This period is the high light of the whole unit.It lays emphasis on reading and understanding.
First the teacher should check if the students have mastered the new words and expressions by asking them to speak out the sentences that they made using these words and expressions.This part can help the students to learn words and expressions by heart in a certain language situation.
Then in Pre-reading part，students are asked to discuss two questions：What will you take if you are informed of a coming earthquake？What may happen before an earthquake？In order to answer the second question，students can carefully look at the four pictures in the part.The part prepares students for the Reading passage.
In the Reading part，students will first listen to the tape with their textbooks closed.In order to make this step efficient，the teacher will provide them some statements based on the passage.While listening，students should judge whether these statements are true or false.If it is false，students should correct it.Then students will be given several minutes to read the passage silently.In order to help the students understand the passage better，the teacher can provide some comprehending exercises，including matching sentences，ordering events.At last students should divide the whole passage into three parts and write down the main idea of each paragraph.The purpose of this step is to train students’ ability of reading comprehension，which is a very important skill.
At last，students will do a speaking task in pairs.One acts as a newspaper reporter from China Daily and the other acts as a witness of the Tangshan Earthquake.The reporter is asking the witness some questions about the terrible quake.This part not only helps the students to revise what they have learned in this part but also provides them with an opportunity to speak in English.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
shake，rise，crack，burst，well，smelly，pond，pipe，canal，steam，destroy，ruin，dirt，injure，survivor，brick，dam，useless，steel，shock，quake，rescue，electricity，disaster，army，organize，bury，coal，mine，shelter，fresh
（2）Phrases：
right away，as usual，at an end，lie in ruins，later that afternoon，be trapped under sth.，dig out，to the north of sp.，instead of，a great number of，put up，give out，wake sb.up，in the open air，think little of sth.
（3）Sentence patterns：
It seemed/seems that....
The number of sb./sth.reached/reaches...
All hope was not lost.（部分否定）
2.Ability：
（1）Learn some detailed information about an earthquake.
（2）Improve the students’ reading ability.
（3）Train the students’ ability to grasp key information while listening.
（4）Train the students’ speaking ability.
3.Emotion：
（1）Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
（2）Know the deadliness of an earthquake and the signs before an earthquake is coming.
（3）Learn from the bravery of people in Tangshan to face the reality and rebuild the city.
●教学重点
（1）The new words and expressions.
（2）Learn some detailed information about an earthquake.
（3）Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
（4）Train the students’ speaking ability.
●教学难点
1.Words：shake，burst，rise，destroy，shock，fresh，injure
2.Phrases：right away，at an end
3.Sentence patterns：
（1）It seemed/seems that....
（2）The number of sb./sth.reached/reaches....
（3）All hope was not lost.（部分否定）
4.Improve the students’ reading ability.
5.Train the students’ ability to grasp key information while listening.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：Yesterday we learnt some new words and expressions.Now please speak out the sentences that you have made using the words and expressions.
S1：shake：Shaking one’s head means saying “No” in China.
S2：rise：The sun rose at six o’clock in the morning.
S3：right away：After class，they went to play basketball right away.
S4：crack：The vase cracked when it dropped.
S5：burst：He burst the door open，using all his strength.
S6：ruin：She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.
S7：injure：She was badly injured in the accident.
S8：survivor：There was no survivor in the big fire last night.
S9：destroy：The heavy rain destroyed all our hope of a picnic.
S10：shock：I was shocked when I heard his accident.
S11：rescue：We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
S12：disaster：The flood was really a terrible natural disaster.
S13：organize：Jane organized the party.She asked people to come and bought the food and drinks.
S14：bury：Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.
S15：shelter：He had to stand in the shelter at the bus stop when it suddenly rained.
S16：at an end：She felt the world was at an end when her son died.
S17：useless：It is useless arguing with him.He will never change his mind.
S18：dig out：The thief dug out the box full of money and ran away.
S19：fresh：These vegetables are fresh，I picked them this morning.
Step 3 Pre-reading
T：Suppose you are warned of a coming earthquake.Now you have time to take only one thing.Tell your partner what you will take and the reason.
（After several minutes.）
S1：I will take enough food.One can’t live without food.
S2：I will take enough water.I think water is more important than food.
S3：If it is winter，I will take enough clothes，otherwise，I will die from coldness.
T：If an earthquake is around the corner，there must be some abnormal phenomena.Carefully look at the four pictures on Page 25 and try to describe what you have seen.
S4：In the first picture，people see bright light in the sky.
S5：In the second picture，the dog is always barking.
S6：In the third picture，fish are trying to jump out of the pond.Even the rats are trying to run away from their holes.They are running nervously.
S7：In the last picture，the water in the well rises and falls，rises and falls for many times.People can notice cracks in the well and smelly gas come out of the wells.
Step 4 Listening
T：Everyone knows that an earthquake is very terrible.Today，we will learn something about the strongest earthquake in China’s history，which happened in Tangshan，Hebei，in 1976.
T：First listen to the tape with your textbooks closed and check whether the following statements are true or false.If it is false，try to correct it.
（1）People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed that night.（ ）
（2）People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.（ ）
（3）More than 400000 people were killed in the quake.（ ）
（4）Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.（ ）
（5）People tried to get fresh water from under the ground in Tangshan.（ ）
（After listening to the tape，check the answers with the students.）
S1：No.1 is false.People thought little of the unusual phenomena before the quake，and went to bed as usual that night.
S2：No.2 is true.
S3：No.3 is false.More than 400000 people were killed or injured in the quake.
S4：No.4 is true.
S5：No.5 is false.Fresh water was taken to the city of Tangshan by train，truck and plane.
T：You did an excellent job.
Step 5 Reading
T：Next，open your books and turn to Page 26.I will give you several minutes to read the passage.After reading，please finish Part 1 in Comprehending on Page 27.
（Ss read the passage silently and then do exercise 1 in Comprehending on Page 27.）
（Teacher check the answers with the whole class.）
S1：The chickens didn’t eat because they were nervous.
S2：Before the earthquake the people didn’t worry because they didn’t know the quake caused the strange events.
S3：Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
S4：Water was needed because dams and wells were useless.
S5：The people did not lose hope because the army came to help them.
T：Very good.During the quake many things happened.Number the following things according to the order that they happened.
A.Brick buildings were destroyed.
B.The walls of the village wells had cracks in them.
C.Shelters were put up for those with no homes.
D.Roads got huge cracks.
E.The army helped the survivors.
（Ss read the passage again in a loud voice and then order the events.）
（Teacher checks the answers with the whole class.）
S6：No.1 B； No.2 D； No.3 A； No.4 E； No.5 C.
T.Excellent.How many paragraphs are there in this passage？
Ss：Four.
T：Try to divide the passage into three parts.Then try to write down the main idea of each part.You can finish this task in pairs.
（After several minutes.）
S7：Part 1 （Paragraph 1） Phenomena before the earthquake.
Part 2 （Paragraphs 2-3） What happened during the quake and the damage.
Part 3 （Paragraph 4） The rescue work after the earthquake.
Step 6 Speaking （pair work）
T：Now we are going to an interview in pairs.Suppose one of you was a newspaper reporter，and the other was a witness of the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake.Now the newspaper reporter is asking the witness some questions.Work in pairs please.
（Ss make dialogues.）
T：Now I would like to ask pairs of you to come to the front to demonstrate your dialogues to the whole class.
S1：Hello，nice to meet you.I am a newspaper reporter from China Daily.
S2：Nice to meet you too.
S1：I hear that you are lucky enough to have escaped from the terrible earthquake that happened in Tang-shan.
S2：Yes.I was so lucky as to be one of the survivors.Even at this time，my heart is still trembling with fear.
S1：Then could you answer some questions about the earthquake？
S2：OK.I will try to control my feelings.
S1：Actually，at what time did you know that an earthquake was coming？Were you warned of the earthquake？
S2：Although later people said there had been some signs that showed an earthquake was coming，we paid no attention to these events.We just went to bed as usual that night.
S1：Do you know any signs？
S2：Yes.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose ad fell.Some housewives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.
S1：Then do you still remember what happened during the quake？
S2：Oh.At 3：42 am everything began to shake.A huge crack that was about eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses，roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.The terrible earthquake lasted for about 15 seconds.After that，everywhere I looked nearly everything was destroyed.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.Many buildings fell down.To make things worse，two dams and most of the bridges also fell.It’s impossible to travel.The railway tracks were useless pieces of steel.
S1：I heard there were some aftershocks.Did they cause any damage？
S2：Of course.Later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down..
S1：Although you have survived，you have to live a hard life in the next period of time.
S2：That is true.Water，food and electricity were hard to get.Life was very difficult for us.
S1：But luckily，you have army to help you.
S2：Yes.The army sent 150000 soldiers to help the rescue workers.They organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and bury the dead.
S1：Then how do you get water these days？
S2：Water is brought to the city by train，truck，and plane.We people in Tang-shan will try out best to rebuild the city.
S1：I believe so.Thank you for having answered my questions.
S2：That’s all right.
Step 7 Homework
Try to remember the key information of the passage by heart.
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquakes
The Second Period
T or F statements：
（1）People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didn’t go to bed.（ ）
（2）People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.（ ）
（3）More than 400000 people were killed in the quake.（ ）
（4）Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock（余震）.（ ）
（5）People tried to get fresh water from under the ground in Tangshan.（ ）
●活动与探究
Story-telling competition
1.Divide the class into groups of four or five.Each student should look for some unusual things that happened in the Tangshan earthquake.The students can go to the library or go online to search for some useful information.
2.Work in groups and tell the students’ own story to other members of the same group.Then each group should choose the most unusual story in the group.
3.Choose one representative of each group who will tell the most unusual story to the whole class.
4.The teacher acts as the judge and chooses the best story and the best story-teller.
5.The teacher gives the group that has the best story a prize and gives the best story-teller a prize.
●备课资料
Tangshan：The Deadliest Earthquake
Fireballs and Animals Give Warning
Though scientific earthquake prediction is in its nascent（初期的） stages，nature often gives some advance warning of an impending（即将发生的） earthquake.
In a village outside of Tangshan，well water reportedly rose and fell three times the day before the earthquake.In another village，gas began to spout（喷出） out the water well on July 12th and then increased on July 25th and 26th.Other wells throughout the area showed signs of cracking.
Animals also gave a warning that something was about to happen.
One thousand chickens in Baiguantuan refused to eat and ran around excitedly chirping.Mice and yellow weasels were seen running around looking for a place to hide.In one household in the city of Tangshan，a goldfish began jumping wildly in its bowl.At 2 a.m.on July 28th，shortly before the earthquake struck，the goldfish jumped out of its bowl.Once its owner had returned him to his bowl，the goldfish continued to jump out of its bowl until the earthquake hit.
Strange？Indeed.These were isolated incidents，spread across a city of a million people and a countryside scattered with villages.But nature gave additional warnings.
The night preceding the earthquake，July 27th-28th，many people reported seeing strange lights as well as loud sounds.The lights were seen in a multitude of hues.Some people saw flashes of light；others witnessed fireballs flying across the sky.Loud，roaring noises followed the lights and fireballs.Workers at the Tangshan airport described the noises as louder than that of an airplane.
Earthquake and Quakeproof
Some countries，such as Japan，have a large number of earthquakes.Earthquakes happen very quickly and violently.During an earthquake，there is often a great noise first.Then the earth shakes terribly；many houses fall down；railway tracks break and trains run off lines；a great many factories are destroyed；thousands of deaths are caused，and many more lose homes.Besides the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake itself，other disasters such as fires often follow，more building destroyed and more deaths caused.
It is well known of the dangers of a possible earthquake，and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquake.More than 2000 years ago，for example，a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine which could detect earthquakes，and this machine is still used by scientists today to detect and measure the strength of earthquakes.Now we know much more about earthquakes and why they happen，but we still cannot tell exactly when and where an earthquake will happen，and cannot stop it from happening.So earthquakes are among the worst disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes.However，scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.In those areas where earthquakes often happen，they record mountain temperatures and take photos from the air and if anything starts to happen，they warn governments to be prepared for possible disasters so that emergency plans are put into action to lessen the disaster，probably saving many lives.The Second Period
●从容说课
This is the second period of this unit.First we will do some revision to test how much Ss have grasped during the first period，and it is the time to check the homework on Page 20.To make Ss know exactly how to use these words properly，the teacher will explain some useful phrases and structures to the Ss.To improve Ss’ ability of using the language，the teacher supplements more explanation and exercises and gives them some related homework as consolidation.
To prepare for the teaching of the next period，the teacher can also regards Part 2 and Part 3 on Page 21 as homework.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Learn the following phrases：
dream of，persuade sb. （not） to do，cycle along the river，do sth.properly，care about details，change one’s mind，a determined look，be determined to do sth.，at an altitude of，give in.
（2）Learn sentence patterns：
a.It is ...that...
b.Once...
c.Wang Wei can be really stubborn.
d.insist that
2.Ability：
Learn to make sentences，using these phrases and patterns.
3.Emotion：
Stimulate Ss’ interest in learning English.
●教学重点
（1）the difference between “persuade to do” and “try to persuade to do”.
（2）It is ...that...
●教学难点
（1）句型It is...that...
（2）insist 的用法。
●教具准备
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Revision
T：Yesterday we learned some new words referring to topography.Now turn to Page 20 and look at Part 3.Who will read the short passage？
S：I really enjoyed my school field trip in geography.We saw so many beautiful things：a glacier that flowed like a river of ice through a canyon that cut the mountains into two parts.We also discovered a river which fell off the mountain and became a wonderful waterfall.This was even more exciting to see than the rapids where the water seemed to boil.Later we followed the river to a quieter plain and finally into a delta and the sea.
Step 3 Revision and improvement
T：Yesterday we also learned some other new words.Now I’d like to see how many you have grasped.First，would you please turn to Page 20？Let’s look at Part 1.
S：OK.
T：If you can complete the sentence，just stand up and read the sentence to the whole class.
S：He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.
T：Can you think of the synonym of “stubborn”？
S：strong-minded.
T：Yes，of course here we can say “He is so strong-minded that no one can persuade him to do anything.”
But look at this sentence “He is so ____________ that even if he knows he is wrong，he will not admit.”
Which word can be used here？
S：Stubborn.
T：Do you think here we can also use strong-minded to replace “stubborn”？
S：No.
T：Why？
S：“Strong-minded” always has a good meaning while “stubborn” sometimes has some bad sense.
T：Can any one of you show us two other examples？
S：Yes.He is so strong-minded that the terrible weather will not prevent him from getting to the meeting on time.
He is too stubborn to take anyone’s advice.
T：Good.We should also pay attention to the phrases with “persuade”，such as persuade sb.to do sth.and persuade sb. not to do sth.
（1）My father persuaded me to take part in the summer camp.
我爸爸劝我参加夏令营。
（2）His mother persuaded him not to take part in the summer camp.
他妈妈劝他不要参加夏令营。
Look at Sentence 3，is it right？
（3）My father persuaded me to take part in the summer camp，but I didn’t.
S：Yes.
T：No，it isn’t right.If one’s persuasive action doesn’t work，we mustn’t use “persuade sb. to do”，but use “try to persuade sb.to do” or “advise sb.to do.” So can you correct Sentence 3？
S：Yes.We should say：My father tried to persuade me to take part in the summer camp，but I didn’t.
My father advised me to take part in the summer camp，but I didn’t.
T：We also have “persuade/talk sb. into doing sth.” and “ persuade/talk sb. out of doing sth.” Can you use the two phrases to change Sentence 1 and Sentence 2？
S：OK，let me try.Sentence 1 can be turned to “My father persuaded me into taking part in the summer camp.”
Sentence 2 can be turned to “His mother persuaded him out of taking part in the summer camp.”
T：Good.Now who will read the second sentence？
S：A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.
T：What part of speech is the word “determined”？
S：It is an adjective.
T：Yes，we can say，a determined woman，which means a woman who is strong-minded.
We can also use the word as an adverbial；for example，he left for the west to seek his fortune，determined never to return unless he succeeded.
S：I know an adjective can also be used as predictive；can the word be used like this？
T：Of course，we have “ be determined to do sth.” eg，
We are determined to help him out of the difficulty.
How can we say “我们决心学好英语”？
S：We are determined to learn English well.
T：Right.Now the third sentence.
S：Once she has made up her mind，nothing will change.
T：Do you know the meaning of “once”？
S：Yes.“一旦”.
T：Can you make several sentences？
S1：Once I have money，I will go abroad for further study.
S2.Once I will promise you，I will not change my mind.
T：Do you find any mistake in his sentence？
T：Oh，you can’t.Here “once” leads a clause with conditional sense，so in the clause，we usually use present tense or past tense in place of present future tense or past future tense.Are you clear now？
S2：Yes.I should say：Once I promise you，I will not change my mind.
S3：Once you understand the rules，you will find these exercises easy to do.
T：So far，so good.Who can read Sentence 4？
S：Is it proper for us to take off our hats in church？
T：Here are several sentences with the word “proper”.Please guess the meanings.
Has he got a proper suit for the ceremony？
He worked out the maths problems in the proper way，so the teacher gave him full mark.
We should behave properly in public.
S：The first proper means “suitable”.The second proper means “correct”.
T：“Properly” is the adverbial form of “proper”.Sentence 3 means “We should behave in a proper manner”.
Now look at Sentence 5.
S：He insisted that we find the source of the trouble as soon as possible，Everyone agreed.
T：“Insist” is also a very important word.You should remember “ insist on doing sth.”.This phrase means “坚持做某事”.
How can we say “我坚持他与我一起去参加舞会”？
S：I insist on his going to the ball with me.
T：What about “他坚决要求派往西藏”？
S：He insisted on being sent to Tibet.
T：Right.Now listen to me more carefully.What I will say is more difficult.
“Insist” can also be followed by an object clause.If we want to declare a purpose that can not be changed，we usually use subjunctive mood，that is，use “should do” in the clause；if we want to describe a fact，we just use declarative mood.
Look at the examples.The sentences we talked about above can be changed like this：
I insist that he （should） go to the ball with me.
He insisted that he （should） be sent to Tibet.
Look at another example：他坚持说他没违法，不该被投进监狱。
前半句他坚持的是一个事实，用陈述语气，后半句表示他坚持不该投进监狱，要用虚拟语气。So the correct sentence should be：He insisted that he didn’t break the law and shouldn’t be put in prison.
Similarly，how can we say “他坚持说他没生病，不用送医院”.
S：He insisted that he was not ill and shouldn’t be sent to hospital.
T：Perfect.Then let’s shift to sentence 6.
S：Do you remember every detail of the story you have just read？
T：Detail means “细节，琐碎的事”.Whenever we do anything，we should be careful.That means we should care about details.And you had better know the phrase “in detail”，for example，“For fear that I couldn’t understand the maths problem，he explained it to me in detail.” Now，the seventh sentence.
S：I wanted to pay the train fare，but my friend insisted.Finally I gave in.
T：To pay the train fare means to pay the train ticket.In the previous part，we came across one-way fare，which means
“the money paid for a single ticket”.Please remember these useful phrases：
one-way ticket=a singe ticket 单程票
the return ticket 回程票
the round-trip ticket 来回票
Look at these phrases with “give”
give up doing 放弃做某事
give in （to sb./sth.） 屈服于
give out 筋疲力尽
give away 捐赠，泄露
Try to complete these sentences：
（1）After the long trip，both the men and the horses ____________.
（2）Because of his small salary，he had to ____________ his dream trip to Europe.
（3）Seeing that he could not persuade me，he had to ____________ my view.
（4）He ____________ most of his fortune to the poor.
（5）Please keep the secret，don’t ____________ it ____________.
S：...
Suggested answers.
1.gave out 2.gave up 3.gave into
4.gave away 5.gave it away
T：Now the last sentence.
S：She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.
T：And I’d like you to pay attention to this sentence：Wang Wei can be really stubborn.
can表示可能
“Can” is usually used in a negative sentence or a question，for example，
（1）A：The student standing there cannot be Wei Fang，for she has gone to Shanghai.
B：Then who can it be？
A：It must be her twin sister.
But here why can “can” be used in narrative sentence？Here “can” 表示一时之可能。
（2）It is always very warm in South China in winter，but sometimes，is can be very cold.
（3）Li Ming is always a lovely boy，but sometimes，he can be troublesome.
Step 4 Important structure
T：在英语中，为了强调句子的某一部分（通常为主语、宾语或状语），常用“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”，当被强调部分指人时，如为主语，可用who，如为宾语则可用whom。如：
I saw Tom in the street this morning.
可用强调结构来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语或时间状语。
（1）It was I that/who saw Tom in the street this morning.
（2）It was Tom that/whom I saw in the street this morning.
（3）It was in the street that（不用where） I saw Tom this morning.
（4）It was this morning that （不用when）I met Tom in the street.
T：Now turn to Page 18.Look at the seventh line in the second paragraph.Would you translate the sentence“Our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters.”
S：我们的旅程将从海拔5000 多米处开始。
T：Good.Pay attention to the phrase “at an altitude of...” and some similar phrases.
（1）at a depth of
（2）at a height of
（3）at a speed of
（4）at a width of
（5）at a length of
（6）at a distance of
Can you make one sentence，using one of them？
S1：Let us enjoy the picture on the wall at a distance of 10 meters.
S2：The car was driving at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour.
S3：The scientists are doing research about animal and plant life at a depth of 3000 meters in the ocean.
S4：You can get a wonderful view of the whole city at a height of 3300 meters at the top of the tower.
Step 5 Homework
Preview Part 2 and Part 3 on Page 21.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Travel journal
The Second Period
Words & phrases
persuade sb. （not） to do
persuade sb.into/out of doing
Patterns
1.insist that sb. should do
2.It is/was ... that....
do sth.properly，care about details，
change one’s mind，be determined to do sth.，at an altitude of
●活动与探究
This activity is designed to make Ss check how much they have grasped after the second period by themselves.If the number of “no” reaches 3，that means they should go over the notes and work harder.
Can you read the new words？ yes no
Can you remember the spelling of the new words？ yes no
Can you know the phrases in warming-up and Part One？ yes no
Can you remember the patterns in warming-up and Part One？ yes no
Can you make sentences using these new words？ yes no
Can you make sentences using these phrases？ yes no
Can you make sentences using these patterns？ yes no
●备课资料
1.It is/was...that强调句型的注意点：
（1）当原句的时态为表示现在的各种时态时，用It is...；当原句的时态为表示过去的各种时态时，则用It was...。
（2）当被强调的对象指人时，可用who/whom 代替that；但当被强调的是地点、时间、原因、方式等状语时，决不能用where，when，why，how 等来替换。
（3）当被强调部分为代词时，如是主语就用代词的主格，如是宾语则用宾格。
（4）当被强调部分为原句的主语时，that句中谓语动词应在人称与数上与它保持一致。
It was I that/who am your friend.
It was him that/whom I met in the street yesterday.
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.（不可换作where）
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.（不可换作 when）
It was they who/that were wrong.
2.may/might/must/can/could 表示猜测的用法
may表示可能性。
（1）当表示对目前情况的猜测时，常用may + do/be。
He may be Li Ming’s father.
他可能是李明的父亲。
（2）当表示对目前正在进行的动作猜测时，常用may + be doing。
It’s 12 o’clock.He may be having his lunch.
现在12 点了，他可能在吃饭。
（3）当表示对过去发生的动作猜测时，常用may + have done。
He didn’t come on time.He may have been caught in the traffic jam.
他没准时来，可能遇到交通阻塞了。
当表示对某种情况的猜测很有把握时，可把may 换成 must，当表示不太有把握时，则换成might。
It must have rained last night，for the ground was wet when I opened the door this morning.
昨晚肯定下雨了，因为今晨我开门时地面是湿的。
I got up late this morning，I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone to sleep again.
今晨我起晚了，可能我关了闹钟却又睡着了。
在否定句中，则需把may/might/must 换成can’t 或 couldn’t，译成“不可能”；在疑问句中则用can 或 could 替换，译成“有……的可能吗？”。
I saw your brother at yesterday’s party，so he couldn’t have been to the concert.
昨晚的晚会上我见到你哥哥了，所以他不可能去了音乐会。
A：I saw our headmaster just now.
刚才我见到我们的校长了。
B：It can’t be him，for he has gone to Beijing.
不可能是他，他去北京了。
A：Who can it be？那会是谁呢？
B：It must be Mr Wang.He looks exactly like our headmaster.
肯定是王老师，他长得与校长一模一样。The Third Period
●从容说课
This is the third period of this unit.In this period，students are planned to go over the attributive clause，including the differences between the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause，the use of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs and the differences between “that” and “which”.In the period of high school，the attributive clause is not only difficult but also important，so it is necessary to grasp the usage of the attributive clause.
In order to make sense of the usage of the attributive clause，it is important for the students to make a summary of them by themselves.In this period，there should be some exercises designed for students to consolidate the usage of the attributive clause.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Revise the Attributive Clause，including the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
（2）Revise the use of relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
2.Ability：
Expand the knowledge of the Attributive Clause.
3.Emotion：
Develop the students’ quality of overcoming difficulties in study.
●教学重点
The usage of the relative pronouns and relative adverbs.
●教学难点
Help the students to master the way of choosing a relative pronoun or a relative adverb correctly.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision and Lead-in
（Teacher checks the homework exercises first and then shows the following on the screen.）
1.He is a famous scientist.
2.Who’s that girl in red？
3.I’ve read all the books that you lent me.
4.I have lost my pen，which I like very much.
T：Now pay special attention to the underlined parts.Is there anything in common between them？
Ss：Yes.They all identify the nouns，which are used with them.Each part tells us which thing or person the speaker is talking about.
T：That is to say，the function of each underlined part is the same.Each of them is used as an attribute to describe each noun.Well，are there any differences between them？
S1：Yes.In the first sentence，the attribute is an adjective and put before the noun；the second is a prepositional phrase put after the noun；the third and fourth sentences are full sentences put after the nouns.
T：You are right，what do we call the sentences put after the noun？
Ss：The Attributive Clause.
T：Quite right.In a complex sentence，the clause modifying a noun or a pronoun in the main clause is called an Attributive Clause.The noun or pronoun is called Antecedent.The word that/which introduces the clause （between the noun/pronoun and the clause） is called Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb.The relative pronouns or adverbs do two jobs at once.They can be used as subjects，objects，attributes or adverbials；in the clause，at the same time，they join clauses together.About the use of them，we’ll have particular revision after a while.Now look at the sentences on the screen.
（Teacher shows the following on the screen.）
Complete the sentences with suitable relatives.
1.I know the reason _______________he came late.
2.Do you know the woman，____________ son went to college last year？
3.The house _______________colour is red is John’s.
4.This is the best film _______________I’ve ever seen.
5.That is the town _______________he worked in 1987.
T：Who’d like to tell me what should be filled in the first sentence？
S2：I think “why” should be filled.Because the antecedent is “the reason” and the relative is used as the adverbial of reason in the Attributive Clause.
T：Yes.How about the second sentence？
（Teacher goes to another student and asks her/him to answer.）
S3：I fill “whose” here.Because the antecedent is “the woman” and the relative is used as the attribute in the Attributive Clause.
T：Right.Sit down，please.Now let’s look at the third sentence.
Suggested answers：
1.why 2.whose 3.whose 4.that 5.where
Step 3 Summarize the use of the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause
T：The Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is a clause，which gives extra information to the antecedent.So we use a comma to interrupt the sentence.When the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause is cut off，the sentence still has a full meaning.Now look at the sentences on the screen.
（Show the following on the screen.）
1.I have two brothers，who are both soldiers.
2.Next week，which you’ll spend in your hometown，is coming.
3.I’ve tried two pairs of shoes，neither of which fits me well.
T：Pay attention to the underlined parts.There are commas to interrupt the sentences and “that” cannot be used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.You should pay more attention to the structure “Indefinite Pronoun/Numbers/Noun/Superlative + of which/whom” is often used in the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
Step 4 The usage of the Relative Pronouns and the Relative Adverbs
T：As we know，relative pronouns or adverbs play important parts in the Attributive Clause.Now let’s make a list of them on the blackboard first and then revise their usage with the help of the forms on the screen.
（Bb：the relative pronouns：who，whom，that，whose，which；the relative adverbs：when，where，why）
（Teacher collects them first and then shows the following.）
Form 1：
The relative pronouns Referring to Function in the clause
who people subject/object
whom people object
that people/thing subject/object
which thing subject/object
whose people/thing （of whom/which） attribute
Form 2：
The relative adverb Referring to Function in the clause
when （=at/in/on which） time adverbial of time
where （= in/at which） place adverbial of place
why （= for which） reason adverbial of reason
（Teacher explains the two forms separately and adds the following with examples on the screen.）
T：1.When a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause，the verb must agree with the antecedent in person and number.
1.Those who want to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3：30 p.m.
2.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
2.When the antecedent is the structure of “one of + n.（pl.）”，the verb in the clause must be plural to agree with the plural form.However，if there is “the” or “only” before “one”，the verb in the clause must be singular，agrees with the word “one”.
1.She is the only one of the girls who has been to Beijing.
2.He is one of the boys who have seen the film.
3.When the antecedent is a noun for time or place “when” or “where” is not always used to introduce the clause.It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause.
1.The time when/that I went to Tokyo is in 1982.
2.I’ll never forget the time which/that I spend at college.
3.The shop that I bought is big.
4.The shop where/in which I bought the book is big.
Step 5 The difference between “that” and “which”
T：As we know，both “that” and “which” can be used for things，but the use of them is not always the same.Let’s look at the sentences on the screen.
（Show the following on the screen.）
1.This is the second article that I have written in English.
2.It is the best film that he has ever seen.
3.This is the very book that I want to read.
4.All that they told me surprised me.
5.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
6.Who is the comrade that was there？
7.There is a bed in the room that is still vacant.
8.Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.
T：From the sentences on the screen，we can make a summary of the use of “that” and “which”.Look at the screen again.
（Show the following on the screen.）
1.In following cases，“that” is often used.
（1）After ordinal number and superlatives.
（2）After the following words：all，only，little，few，much，very，none，last，just，any（thing），every（thing），some（thing），no（thing）.
（3）After two or more antecedents，referring to both people and things.
（4）After interrogative pronouns “which” or “who”.
（5）When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.
（6）When the main clause begins with “There be”.
2.In following cases，“which” is always used.
（1）After prepositions.
（2）To introduce a Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
（3）The whole main sentence is the “antecedent” of the relative clause，and there is always a comma.
Step 6 Practice
T：Now let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen.Fill in the blanks，choosing proper relative pronouns or relative adverbs.
（Show the following on the screen.）
1.____________ have plenty of money will help their friends.
A.Those who B.He who C.That who D.You who
2.This is the longest train ____________ I have ever seen.
A.which B.that C.what D.whom
3.____________ we all know，swimming is a very good sport.
A.Which B.That C.As D.Who
4.I shall never forget those years ____________ I lived in the farm____________ you visited last week.
A.when；where B.which；which C.when；which D.which；where
5.The radio set ____________ last week has gone wrong.
A.I bought it B.which I bought it C.I bought D.what I bought
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A.these B.them C.that D.which
7.The day will come ____________ the people all over the world will win liberation.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
8.Mr Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____________ they remembered in the school.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
10.My glasses，____________ I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
Suggested answers：
1~5 ABCCC 6~10 DACBC
Step 7 Test
T：Now let’s have a test.Look at the screen.Do this exercise by yourself.A few minutes later I’ll give you the answers.
（Show the following on the screen.）
1.Please put the letter ____________ he can easily find it.
A.in which B.where
C.the place where D.in the place
2.The house ____________ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A.which B.that
C.in the front of which D.in front of which
3.Antarctic，____________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.which B.where
C.that D.about which
4.The reason ____________ I was away from school is ____________ I was ill yesterday.
A.that；that B.why；why
C.why；that D.that；why
5.It was a meeting ____________ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A.which B.of which
C.that D.whose
Suggested answers：
1~5 BDDCD
Step 8 Homework
1.Review the Attributive Clause.
2.Do WB P71.Ex 1.2.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Third Period
The Attributive Clause
1.The differences between the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.
2.The use of the relative words：
（1）Relative pronouns：who，whom，whose，that，which
（2）Relative adverbs：where，when，why
3.The differences between “that” and “which”.
●活动与探究
This activity is designed to make a deep research into the attributive clause.The students are asked to design some exercises about the attributive clause.And then they can exchange exercises each other and check themselves.The purpose of this activity is to help the students make sense of the usage of the attributive clause.
●备课资料
Ⅰ.Some exercises about the Attributive Clause
1.A football fan（球迷） is ____________ has a strong interest in football.
A.a thing that B.something that
C.a person who D.what
2.The house，____________ was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired.
A.the roof of which B.which roof
C.its roof D.the roof
3.Can you lend me the novel ____________ the other day？
A.that you talked B.you talked about it
C.which you talked with D.you talked about
4.The matter ____________ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A.that B.what C.why D.for which
5.Who ____________ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing？
A.which B.who C.whom D.that
6.All the apples ____________ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A.that B.those C.which D.what
7.They asked him to tell them everything ____________ he saw at the front.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
8.I’ll tell you ____________ he told me last night.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all
9.A child ____________ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A.who B.who’s C.whose D.which
10.Is this the museum ____________ you visited the other day？
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one
11.Is this museum ____________ some German friends visited last Wednesday？
A.that B.where
C.in which D.the one
12.—How do you like the book？
—It’s quite different from ____________ I read last month.
A.that B.which
C.the one D.the one what
13.The train ____________ she was traveling was late.
A.which B.where
C.on which D.in that
14.He has lost the key to the drawer ____________ the papers are kept.
A.where B.on which
C.under which D.which
15.It’s the third time ____________ late this month.
A.that you arrived B.when you arrived
C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived
16.He often helps the students ____________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A.whom B.who
C.when D.because
17.The Second World War ____________ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A.when B.during that
C.in which D.which
18.Mr Crossett will never forget the day ____________ he spent with his various students.
A.when B.which
C.during which D.on which
19.This is just the place ____________ I am longing to visit these years.
A.that B.where
C.in which D.to where
20.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou，____________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A.which B.that C.who D.where
Suggested answers：
1~5 CADAD 6~10 ABDCA 11~15 DCCAC 16~20 BCBAD
Ⅱ.The attributive clause 定语从句
1.“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in，on，about，from，for，with，to，at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which，不可用 that。
（2）from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。
We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.
（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
（1）关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
（2）that可引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，that有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
（1）二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
（2）关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
（3）先行词与定语从句隔离。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。
He was the only person in this country who was invited.
4.as在定语从句中的用法
（1）引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。
The elephant’s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.
（3）the same... that与 the same...as在意思上是不同的。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
As is expected，the England team won the football match.
The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.The Seventh Period
●从容说课
This is the last period of the unit.Through the previous study，Ss have get some idea about travel.In this period，the teacher will sum up this unit by asking them what useful nouns or verbs or useful phrases about travel they have learned.This task is designed to consolidate what they have learned in this unit.
The Lancang River，the Chinese part of the Mekong，has some dams.In our country，many dams have been built or are being built on the Changjiang and Yellow River.But can these dams always bring us good？The teacher will ask Ss to discuss this question.This activity gives Ss a chance to practise speaking and get them to care about important events in our country，for they are the owners of our society and they should also be responsible for the future of our country.
To give Ss a more complete idea about travel，the teacher will introduce eco-travel to them so that they will be aware of the importance to eco-travel.And in their later life，they will go traveling not only for pleasure，but also use their trip as a way to protect the environment.
To practise Ss’ writing ability，the teacher can make full use of the workbook exercises and ask Ss to write a letter to his friend Wang Wei and write a travel advertisement in class.
Since the 7-day National Holidays is coming，the teacher can ask Ss to form their own travel group and design an eco-travel.They should first decide their favorite destination by listing the reasons.After their trip，they should also write a travel journal.They can put up some of the journals on the classroom wall，which the other classmates will score.Later they can find out who are the winners.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Sum up what Ss learn in this unit.
（2）Learn how to express good wishes.
（3）Ask Ss to talk on the given topics.
2.Ability：
（1）Know what eco-travel is，and plan an eco-travel for the National Holidays.
（2）Learn to write a letter，a travel advertisement and a travel journal.
3.Emotion：
Develop Ss’ sense of eco-travel and make them protect the environment while traveling.
●教学重点
（1）Learn how to express good wishes.
（2）Learn to write a letter，a travel advertisement and a travel journal.
●教学难点
Plan an eco-travel for the National Holidays.
●教具准备
Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Step 2 Speaking
T：Today，I’ll first show around some famous dams in the world.
Show the picture of Aswan Dam，the Hoover Dam and some famous Dams.
Aswan Dam
the Hoover Dam in Colorado，USA
T：What do you think of these Dams？
S1：They are wonders on the earth.It is said that the Aswan Dam is one of the three man-made projects that can be seen from space.
S2：They not only look wonderful but also help the people in the world a lot.
S3：...
S4：...
T：But I hear that a very effective international movement arose to fight for change in current dam building practices.Now I wonder why they did so.Are there any bad things caused by dams？I would like you to hold a discussion and talk about the good things and bad things dams bring about.
good things
1.control floods
2.make electricity
3.raise the capacity of shipping
（The raised water level makes it possible for heavy-loaded ships to pass.）
4.bring new scenery
bad things
1.force the people from their land and homes
2.forever change some of the most historically celebrated scenery in the area（the Three Gorges Dam）
3.（the Aswan Dam） Some old temples are in danger because of the raised water level.
People had to remove the temple stone by stone.It took 1700 workers and 22 other people four years to complete the project and cost one billion US dollars.
4.（refugees） be economically，culturally，and psychologically devastated.
Some people of Sichuan Province had to move to other places of China，for example，Chongming Island.It will be a great challenge for these people to merge in a new society.
5.（people in the Mekong Delta） suffer from diseases dams and large irrigation projects in the tropics bring.
6.（In Nile Delta） plain and the delta are losing fertility as the mineral sediments usually carried and deposited by the Nile are building up behind the many dams.
7.The construction of dams in Southeast Asia has brought some of the countries into heavy debts.
高峡出平湖
T：So I think before we do anything，we should think it over.
Step 3 New information
T：Boys and girls，we have been talking about travel these days.Now，what have you known about travel now？Can you list some useful words and expression about it？
S1：Travel fare，means of transport，travel manners，safety，destination，insurance，equipment，travel necessity，travel tips，travel journal，travel advertisement，travel poster.
T：Can you think of some useful verbs or verb phrases？
S2：make camp，put up the tents，cycle along../cycle across，set out/off，get close to nature，be tired from，be brave，wear a hat and sunglasses.
T：What should we pay attention to when we go traveling？
S3：We should pay attention to our travel manners.Don’t throw rubbish here and there.Don’t feed animals in the zoo or in the wild.Don’t carve on trees of walls or chair.Don’t smoke in the wood or forests.We should obey rules.
S4：We should take care of ourselves.Prevent anything dangerous from happening.If danger came，we should know how to get rescued.
S5：We should get to know the customs of the place to avoid conflicts with the local people.
S6：...
T：What you say reminds me of eco-travel.Have you ever heard of it？
Present the definition of eco-travel on the screen.Ask one of the students to read it.
Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.Instead of traveling for pleasure，you can use your trip as a way to protect the environment.
Normal tourism is often bad for the environment，and tourist often cause problems.Eco-travel，on the other hand，is a way to travel responsibly.Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better or at least understand it better.Eco-travel is a way to find what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.
Step 4 Writing
T：We all know Wang Wei will take a bike trip along the Mekong.Suppose you are a friend of hers and you want to express your best wishes to her before she starts.What will you say？
S1：Have a nice/wonderful/good time.
S2：Have a good trip.
S3：Good luck on/with your journey.
S4：Take care.
S5：Have fun.
S6：Please enjoy yourself.
S7：Give my love/best wishes/best regards to your fellows.
T：Good.Now Wang Wei has gone.You are worried about her，so you write a letter to her，asking her what she feels and what she is doing，and also asking her about some of the places you are interested in but have never been before.
Give Ss some minutes to prepare.
T：Who will be the volunteer to read your letter？
S8：My dear brave little Wei，
How I worry about your health and safety.I guess you are now on the Tibetan plateau.What is the weather like？Are you feeling OK now？
A few days later，you will reach the Mekong Delta.I hear that the area was mostly marshland and forest.Would you please take some videos there so that I can appreciate the wonderful scenery after you come back？Since the weather is changeable and the topography is complicated，you should always take care.
Good luck on your trip.
Yours，
Jane
Step 5 Writing
T：Here is good news for you.You and friends are allowed to run a travel business now.Would you form your travel agency at once？Don’t forget to give it a good name.
Give Ss a few minutes to fulfill the task.
T：Now can you tell me the names of your company？
S：Eagle，Rose Magnificent，...
T：Now，please read the tips on Page 60，and then write your travel advertisement.Give Ss a few minutes to fulfill the task.
T：Since time is limited，you can improve your poster after class，please make sure that your poster looks if both business people and artists made it.Now turn to the last task of this unit.Please look at Page 23 “Reading and writing”.Will Li Ming read this part？
S：...
T：Do you know what a travel dairy is and what travel journal is？
Present two passages on the screen：
1.It is the most beautiful spot I have visited in the world to date.It has delicious air，sparkling lakes，and stunning scooped-out vistas from a bygone age.I have heard others speak effusively about its jaw-dropping beauty.But after seeing Glacier for myself，I can honestly say that prior descriptions did not do it justice.It exceeded my expectations.It’s spectacular.
2.At 6：00 am，my classmates and I met at the school gate.Then we went to the Xihui Park by bus.In the morning，we went to the zoo，where we saw many different animals.Of all the animals，I like monkeys best.At noon we had a picnic lunch on the grassland.After a short rest，we went boating on the Yingshan Lake.We held a boat race and our team won.At about 4：00 in the afternoon，we went home.
T：Which is a travel journal and which is a travel diary？
S：The first one is a travel journal while the second is a travel dairy.
T：The 7-day National Holidays is coming，I’d like you to form your own travel group and design an eco-travel.You should first decide your favorite destination by listing the reasons.After your trip，you should also write a travel journal.You can put up some of the journals on the classroom wall，which the other classmates will score.Later we will find out who are the winners.
Step 6 Homework
1.Write a travel poster.
2.Write a travel journal.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Travel journalThe Seventh PeriodGood things1.control floods2.make electricity3.raise the capacity of shipping4.bring new sceneryBad things1.force the people from their land and homes2.forever change some of the most historically celebrated scenery in the area3.Some old temples are in danger because of the raised water level.4.（refugees） be economically，culturally，and psychologically devastated.5.suffer from diseases dams and large irrigation projects in the tropics bring.6.plain and the delta are losing fertility as the mineral sediments usually carried and deposited by the Nile are building up behind the many dams.7.The construction of dams in Southeast Asia has brought some of the countries into heavy debts.
●活动与探究
1.Ss will write a poster for their travel agency.After class，each company put up their poster on the wall，and every student gives it a score.Get the average score and the one that gets the highest mark will be the winner.
the evaluation table：
Did he/she use correct sentences？ 5 4 3 2 1
Did he/she organize information logically？ 5 4 3 2 1
Did he/she make the handwriting easy to read？ 5 4 3 2 1
Did he/she use proper colors of painting？ 5 4 3 2 1
Was the description attractive and interesting？ 5 4 3 2 1
Was the description clear enough for readers？ 5 4 3 2 1
Did you like the name of the company？ 5 4 3 2 1
What do you think should be improved？
Later put the table into piles for different group and keep it well.At the end of the term as an reference to choose the best group.
●备课资料
1.The Aswan Dam is a large dam in Egypt which controls the Nile River.Before this dam was built，the Nile flooded yearly，depositing the fertile soils carried from Ethiopia and Sudan across the Egyptian flood plain.Now that the flooding is controlled，the Nile irrigates farms all along the former flood plain.Both the flood plain and the delta are losing fertility as the mineral sediments usually carried and deposited by the Nile are building up behind the many dams constructed along the length of the river.
The Nile adds humidity to the Egyptian climate，but most of the country is still a desert.The delta provides much of the arable land of the country and there farmers grow corn，rice，wheat and many other subsistence and cash crops.This area provides much of the food for the country as well at its exports.
2.What is ECOtravel？
ECOtravel is the one-stop information bureau for both business and the public which aims to raise awareness of sustainable travel，alternative fuels and the environment on Merseyside.The bureau is part of the European Commissions （EC） funded Clean Air Transport in Community Health （CATCH） demonstration project led by Merseytravel and partnered by Liverpool City Council，ARRIVA North-West，TTR，University of Liverpool，IMPACT，ORBIS consultants plus others.CATCH is part of the European Commissions （EC） Life-Environment Programme and supports the Sixth Environmental Action framework by promoting sustainable mobility in order to improve air quality.CATCH is being implemented in Liverpool （UK），Suceava （Romania） and Potenza （Italy）.
The ECOtravel bureau is actively seeking participation in public，business and community groups to spread the information across the region.Your involvement will be very much appreciated.The Second Period
●从容说课
This is the second period of this unit.In this period，students are expected to retell the contents of the reading passage.The purpose is to review the passage and further understand the bad experience of the blacks in South Africa.At the same time，students can have chance to practice their oral English.After that，it is very necessary to deal with the language points in the Warming up and reading passage，which helps the students to enlarge their vocabulary and strengthen their English basic skills.What’s more，there are some exercises designed to consolidate these words and expressions.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Words：fight，advise，prison，accept，receive
Phrases：stop...（from） doing sth.，lose heart，in trouble，worry about，out of work，Youth League，as a matter of fact，blow up，put...in prison
Sentences：
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress.
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
2.Ability：
（1）Enable the students to talk about Elias’ experience in English.
（2）Enable the students to use the new words and expressions freely.
3.Emotion：
Further understand the bad experience of the blacks in South Africa.
●教学重点
（1）fight：fight for，fight against，fight with
（2）advise：advise sb. on sth.，advise sb. to do sth.，advise that sb. （should） do sth.
（3）prison：be in prison，be in the prison，put sb. in prison，sb. be kept/held prisoner
（4）accept/receive
（5）stop...（from） doing sth.
●教学难点
Help the students to master the grammar：inversion with Only＋adverbial.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the last period，we read a passage about Elias.From the passage，we’ve got a lot of information about racial discrimination in South Africa and Nelson Mandela.First，let’s go over the passage.I’d like to ask you two questions.
（Show the following questions on the screen.）
Q1：How did the ANC Youth League fight the government？
Q2：What can we learn from the text about Nelson Mandela？
T：Who’d like to have a try？Tom？
S1：Yes.At first，the ANC Youth League fought against the government in a peaceful way.But when they failed，they began to use violence.
T：Well done.Who’d like to answer the second question？
S2：I have a try.I think we can learn from Mandela the qualities of bravery，persistence，kindness and determination.
T：Very good.Now suppose you are Elias and your partner is a newspaper reporter.He is interviewing you.Please work in pairs.
（Give several minutes for students to prepare.）
T：Now，I’d like a pair to act out your dialogue.Which pair volunteers？
S3：We want a try.
T：Good.Please begin.
（The pair acts out their dialogue.）
Possible dialogue：
（A—a newspaper reporter B—Elias）
A：Elias，may I ask you a few questions？
B：Of course，I’d like to answer them.
A：What’s life in South Africa like？
B：It’s much better now.Since Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa in 1994，we have had the same right as the whites；I hope it will be like this forever.
A：What were some of the problems that black people had？
B：There were some problems.Our life was harder than the whites because we could not go to the same school as the whites in the past and therefore we couldn’t get a higher position in the factories and companies.Even there was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.But things are different now.I’m sure we will live a better life in the future.
A：I think so.I heard that President Nelson Mandela helped you.Would you please say something about that？
B：I’m glad to.I met him in 1952 when I was twelve years old.The time when I met him was a very difficult period of my life.I worked in a gold mine.But I did not have a passbook because I was not born in Johannesburg.So I was worried about whether I would be out of work.
A：So he helped you？
B：Yes.He was so kind to help me.He told me how to get the correct papers so it was one of the happiest days of my life.
A：You’re very lucky.
B：I think so.I thanked him very much and I never forgot how kind he was and when he organized the ANC Youth League，I joined it as soon as I could.
A：So from then on，you fought together against the government to get the same rights as the whites.
B：Right.
A：Thank you for answering my questions.Wish you every success.
Step 3 Language points
T：Thank you.You gave us a wonderful performance.From the reading passage，we’ve discovered some useful words.Now，let’s deal with them one by one.
（1）fight
vt.和……战斗，和……打
English fought Germany.
vi.作战，战斗
*fight for... 为……而战斗
He told the workers to fight for their rights.
*fight against/with... 为反对……而斗争，和……作斗争
You will have to fight against/with difficulties.
England fought against/with Germany in the war of 1941-1948.
*fight with... 和……一起作战
They fought with the Italians in the last war.
（2）advise v.
*advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意
I have advised you on that subject.
The teacher advised me on how to learn English.
*advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干……
The teacher advises me to practise more spoken English.
*advise that sb. （should） do sth.
I advise that you （should） not eat this kind of fruit.
advice n.［U］
a piece of advice
give sb. advice on... 关于……给某人建议
In one of his books，Marx gave some advice on how to learn English.
（3）prison
*be in prison 坐牢
*be in the prison 在监狱里，可能坐牢，可能工作
He told me that he had been in prison for three years.
*put sb. in prison 把……投入监狱
The robber has been put in prison.
*sb. be kept/held prisoner 被囚禁
（4）accept 接受，指的是主观上接受了
receive 收到，指客观上收到，不一定接受
I received his invitation，but I didn’t accept it.
（5）stop...（from） doing sth. 阻止……做某事
You must stop him （from） telling his father.
I really want to stop you （from） smoking.
T：Just now we learn useful words and expressions in Warming-up and Reading.Now let’s analyze difficult sentences together and learn useful sentence structures.
（1）The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress.
see在此句意思为“见证、目睹”，为某事发生之时，主语常为时间。
Yesterday saw a terrible car accident in front of our school.
（2）Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有在这时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
这是一个倒装句。结构：Only+状语+ 部分倒装
状语：由副词，介词短语或状语从句构成。
*部分倒装用一般疑问句的语序
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
Only by shouting was he able to make people hear him.
Only when his father came back did he go to bed.
*only引导的词不是状语不用倒装
Only he can work out this problem.
（3）But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.
was to do 在此处意思为“注定将会……”。
You were to regret your decision later.
Step 4 Discovering useful words and expressions
T：So much for the language points.Now，let’s look at the exercise on the screen.Please read the passage again to find words that mean the same.
（Show the following form on the screen and allow the students enough time to finish them.）
Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text
group of people organized for a special purpose
feel hopeless
lose one’s job
brave man
in fact
have some difficult problems
be taken to prison
some time
be ready to
money paid for going to school
tell somebody what to do
go on
always doing new things
what people do in a war
a yellow metal for making a ring
agree to take
go against a law
quiet and calm
Suggested answers：
Alternative expressions Words and expressions from the text
group of people organized for a special purpose league
feel hopeless worry about
lose one’s job out of work
brave man hero
in fact as a matter of fact
have some difficult problems be in trouble
be taken to prison be put in prison
some time period
be ready to willing
money paid for going to school fee
tell somebody what to do advise
go on continue
always doing new things active
what people do in a war violence
a yellow metal for making a ring gold
agree to take accept
go against a law attack
quiet and calm peaceful
T：Now，please turn to Page 36 and do Exercise 2.Complete the passage with some of the words above.Discuss the sentences with your partner to see which words should be chosen.
（Allow the students a few minutes to prepare and then check the answers with the whole class.）
Step 5 Using words and expressions
T：Now look at the screen.Please translate the following sentences into English using what we learned just now.
（1）士兵与村民共同与敌人战斗。
（2）爸爸建议我多读英语报纸。
（3）我们应尽力阻止这种事再次发生。
（4）只有在那时，他才意识到他错了。
（5）我第一次听这首歌就喜欢它了。
（6）我昨天确实见到了Mike。
（7）他昨天没有上学的原因是他病了。
（8）我永远不会忘记我见到Mandela的那天。
Suggested answers：
（1）The soldiers fought with the villagers against the enemies.
（2）Dad advised me to read more English newspapers.
（3）We should try to stop such a thing （from） happening again.
（4）Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
（5）The first time I heard the song，I liked it.
（6）I did see Mike yesterday.
（7）The reason why he didn’t come to class is that he was ill.
（8）I will never forget the day when I saw Mandela.
Step 6 Practice
T：Now，let’s turn to Page 70.Go through the passage and choose the words or expressions from the brackets to complete the passage below.Are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
T：OK.Let’s begin.
（Allow the students a few minutes to prepare and then check the answers with the whole class.）
Step 7 Summary
T：In this period，we first go over the reading passage “Elias’ story” to do the oral practice.Then we deal with some important and useful language points.After that we do some consolidation exercises.Now I’m sure that you further understand the passage.
Step 8 Homework
1.Do WB P71.Ex 2 Translation.
Preview the attributive clause.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Second Period
（1）fight
fight for...
fight against
fight with
（2）advise v.
advise sb. on sth.
advise sb. to do sth.
advise that sb. （should） do sth.
advice n.［U］
a piece of advice
give sb. advice on...
（3）prison
be in prison
be in the prison
put sb. in prison
sb. be kept/held prisoner
（4）accept
receive
（5）stop...（from） doing sth.
●活动与探究
This activity is designed to make a research into the racial discrimination in South Africa.Ask the students to search for some information about that after class in different ways，such as from the library or the Internet.
●备课资料
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage was one of the key figures of a great era of British history.Born as the industrial revolution was getting into its swing，by the time Babbage died Britain was by far the most industrialized country the world had ever seen.Babbage played a crucial role in the scientific and technical development of the period.Although born in London，Babbage came from an old Totnes family，and retained close links with the region all his life.The West Country，with its mining and engineering was particularly important in the early stages of the industrial revolution，and from the extraordinarily wealthy Totnes region，with its port at Dartmouth，came also Newcomen and Savery，pioneers of the steam engine.Babbage went up to Cambridge in 1810 and with some friends effected the crucial introduction of the Leibniz notation for the calculus，which transformed mathematics in Cambridge and thus throughout Britain.In 1814 Babbage married Georgiana Whitmore，from a landowning Shropshire family.Her half brother，Wolryche Whitmore，was the M.P.who rose year after year in the House of Commons to move the repeal of the Corn Laws.He was also a leading member of the Political Economy Club，and played an important part in Babbage’s life.Babbage’s greatest achievement was his detailed plans for Calculating Engines，both the table-making Difference Engines and the far more ambitious Analytical Engines，which were flexible and powerful，punched-card controlled general purpose calculaters，embodying many features which later reappeared in the modern stored program computer.These features included：punched card control；separate store and mill；a set of internal registers （the table axes）；fast multiplier/divider；a range of peripherals；even array processing.It has often been asked whether Babbage’s Engines would have worked if they had been built.This may not be an entirely meaningful question：much can go wrong during such a project，while on the other hand new solutions may be found to any problems which might appear during construction.However the question can be put slightly differently：would it have been technically feasible for，say，Babbage and Whitworth to construct an Analytical Engine during the 1850s？Twenty five years ago，after a careful investigation，Anthony Hyman and the late Maurice Trask formed the opinion that construction of Babbage’s Engines would have been quite possible.The problems were financial and organizational，but technically the project in itself was perfectly feasible.They proposed a plan：first construct DE2 （the Second Difference Engine；then，if wished DE1，or a version of DE2 with “travelling platforms”；and finally a complete Analytical Engine，probably following plan 28A.After much work by many people，and particularly by Dr Allan Bromley，a team at the Science Museum led by Doron Swade built a complete version of DE2.It was a triumphant success，vindicating Babbage’s technical work.However，the far more ambitious task of constructing an Analytical Engine remains to be undertaken.Besides the Calculating Engines Babbage has an extraordinary range of achievements to his credit：he wrote a consumer guide to life assurance；pioneered lighthouse signalling；scattered technical ideas and inventions in magnificent profusion；developed mathematical codebreaking （Prof.Franksen has plausibly suggested that Babbage ran a private Bletchley Park for the British government in the middle of the 19th century）.Babbage was also an important political economist.Where Adam Smith thought agriculture was the foundation of a nation’s wealth；where Ricardo’s ideas were focused on corn：Babbage for the first time authoritatively placed the factory on centre stage.Babbage gave a highly original discussion of the division of labour，which was followed by John Stuart Mill.Babbage’s discussion of the effect of the development of production technology on the size of factories was taken up by Marx，and was fundamental to Marxist theory of capitalist socio-economic development.A case can also be made that Babbage had an influence on William Stanley Jevons，and was thus also a pioneer of marginal value theory.However，the latter remains to be proved.For twenty five years Charles Babbage was a leading figure in London society，and his glorious Saturday evening soires，attended by two or three hundred people，were a meeting place for Europe’s liberal intelligentsia.The Third Period
●从容说课
This period mainly deals with the important language points that appear in the Reading passage.But at first，teacher should check how well the students have understood the passage by asking some detailed questions based on the passage.While doing this part，students should keep their textbooks closed.
There are a lot of numbers in the Reading passage.So next the students should finish one task in Learning about Language（Part 3） to know how to read these numbers in English.
Then the teacher will deal with the important points in the passage.The purpose of this step is to help students better understand some difficult sentences and master the usage of some important words and expressions.So the teacher should give the students several minutes to look for the difficult points at first.In this way，the teacher can help the students remove the obstacles in reading.After that the teacher will explain the words and expressions and then show the students some typical examples to help them understand.Sometimes the teacher will compare the words or expressions with some similar ones.After this step，as consolidation，the students are asked to finish two short passages using the words and expressions that they have just learned in the unit.Another more difficult task is set to meet the needs，that is，to translate some sentences from Chinese to English by using the words and expressions in the brackets.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
crack，burst，ruin，injure，destroy，shock，last的具体用法。
（2）Phrases：
at an end，right away，dig out 的用法
（3）Sentence patterns：
All hope was not lost.（部分否定句）
2.Ability：
（1）Train the students’ ability to read different numbers in English.
（2）Learn the usage of some difficult words and expressions.
（3）Train the students’ ability to remove the difficulties while reading.
3.Emotion：
（1）Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
（2）Know the deadliness of an earthquake and the signs before an earthquake is coming.
（3）Learn from the bravery of people in Tangshan to face the reality and rebuild the city.
●教学重点
（1）Train the students’ ability to read different numbers in English.
（2）Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.
●教学难点
（1）The explanation of some difficult words and expressions.
（2）Train the students’ ability to remove the difficulties while reading.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the last period，we learned something about the terrible Tangshan Earthquake in 1976，which is the deadliest earthquake in China’s history.Now I am going to ask you some questions based on the Reading passage.
T：What did people in Tangshan see in the sky before the earthquake？
S1：They saw bright lights in the sky.
T：What did people hear？
S2：They heard the sound of planes outside Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.
T：What did people notice in the wells？
S3：People noticed the well walls had deep cracks，and a smelly gas came out of the cracks.
T：Did people pay any attention to these abnormal phenomena？
S4：No.They went to bed as usual that night.
T：When did the earthquake begin？
S5：At 3：42 in the morning of July 28.
T：How many people were killed or injured in the quake？
S6：More than 400000 people.
T：Could the injured people go to hospital？
S7：No，they couldn’t because all of the city’s hospitals were gone in the quake.
T：Were there any aftershocks？
S8：Yes.Later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
T：Did the survivors deny the city and go to live in other places？
S9：No.They did the rescue work with the help of 150000 soldiers sent by the army.Slowly the city of Tangshan began to breathe again.
T：I am very satisfied with your work.
Step 3 Learning about Numbers
T：Maybe you have already noticed that there are a lot of numbers in the Reading passage.To read them correctly is very important.Sometimes there is a test on numbers in Listening.
T：Now turn to Page 28 and look at Part 3.Match each word to the number that has the same meaning.
（Allow Ss several minutes to finish the task.）
T：Now let’s check your answers.
S：A.90% ninety percent
B.10000 ten thousand
C.1000000 one million
D.150000 one hundred and fifty thousand
E.75% seventy-five percent
F.1/3 one-third
G.500 000 half a million
H.2/3 two-thirds
Step 4 Important points
T：In the Reading passage of this unit，there are some important words and expressions.I will first give you five minutes to pick out the difficult words，expressions and sentence patterns.You may work with your partner.
（After five minutes.）
S1：In the first paragraph，“... the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.” How can we understand “burst”？
T：If something bursts or if you bursts it，it breaks open or apart suddenly and violently so that its contents come out.
e.g.You are going to burst the balloon，if you are not careful.
S2：In the first paragraph，“Farmers’ wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.” and in the second paragraph “A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide.” Do the two “cracks” have the same meaning？
T：You are very careful.Yes，they have the same meaning.Both of them are nouns.“Crack” means a very narrow space between two things or two parts of something.“Crack” can also be a verb，meaning to break or make something break so that it gets one or more lines on its surface，as in the sentence “In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.”
e.g.She fell off her bike and cracked a bone in her leg.
S3：How can we understand this sentence in the second paragraph “It seemed that the world was at an end.”？
T：In order to understand this sentence，you have to know the meaning of the phrase “be at an end”.It refers to a situation in which something is finished or no longer existed.
e.g.The long hot summer was at last at an end.
Other examples are “come to an end”，“put an end to sth.”.
T：So now who can explain the sentence in our text？
S4：Let me have a try.The earthquake was so terrible that nearly everything was destroyed.So people thought it was the end of the world.
T：Excellent.And this sentence uses exaggeration.
S5：In the second paragraph，“In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.” Why don’t we use “ruin” instead of “ruins”？
T：“Ruin” can be an uncountable noun，which means a situation in which you have lost all your money，your social position，or the good opinion that people had about you.
e.g.With the collapse of grain prices，small farmers are on the brink of financial ruin.
While “ruins” means the part of a building that is left after the rest has been destroyed.
e.g.the ruins of a bombed-out office block
S6：In the second paragraph “Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.” Can we use “wound” to take the place of “injure”？
T：No.To injure someone means causing physical harm to someone，for example in an accident or an attack.To wound someone means injuring someone，especially by making a cut or hole in their skin using a knife，gun，etc.
e.g.（1）One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.
（2）Gunmen killed two people and wounded six others in an attack today.
S7：In the third paragraph “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” Can we use the word “ruin” to take the place of “destroy”？
T：No.“Destroy” means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.If you “ruin” something good or useful，it then usually exists，but no longer has its good qualities or features.
e.g.（1）The school was completely destroyed in the big fire last night.
（2）Too much sugar can ruin your teeth.
S8：In the third paragraph，“People were shocked.”What’s the meaning of the sentence？
T：“Shock” here means to make someone feel very surprised and upset and unable to believe what has happened.
e.g.The murder of such a young child deeply shocked the whole community.
S9：So the sentence in our text means people were surprised.
T：Yes.But there is a slight difference between “shock” and “surprise”.If something is，comes as，or gives you a shock it is unexpected and often very bad.
e.g.It came as a great shock to hear she was leaving home.
But a surprise is something that is unexpected，but is not necessarily bad.
e.g.What a nice surprise! I didn’t even think you were in the country!
S10：In the third paragraph，“People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.” What does the word “last” mean in this sentence？Is it an adjective？
T：No，it is not an adjective but a verb.“Last” here means to continue for a particular length of time.
e.g.The hot weather lasted for the whole month of July.
As a verb，“last” could also mean to manage to remain in the same situation，even when this is difficult.
e.g.They won’t be able to last much longer without fresh supplies.
The word “last” can also be used as a linking verb.It means being enough for someone to use.
e.g.We only had $50 to last us the rest of the month.
S11：In the last paragraph，“All hope was not lost.” What is the meaning of this sentence？
T：This sentence is a partial negative.It has the same meaning with “Not all hope was lost.”
e.g.（1）All the students do not agree to the plan.
（2）Not all the students agree to the plan.
These two sentences mean some of the students agree to the plan，but some don’t.
Step 5 Consolidation
T：Now after the explanations of the words，expressions and sentence patterns，let’s do some exercises.Please turn to Page 28 and look at Part 2 in Learning about plete the passage with some of the words in the text.
（After several minutes teacher asks one of the students to read the short passage.Correct any mistakes if there are any.）
Step 6 Homework
T：In order to master the usage of these words and expressions，please do some related exercises.Finish off the two parts in Using Words and Expressions on Page 63.
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquakes
The Third Period
Important Words：
1.burst （v.）2.crack （n./v.）
3.ruin
4.injure/wound
5.destroy/ruin
6.shocked
7.last（vi.）
Important Expressions：
1.It seemed that the world was at an end.
2.All hope was not lost.（部分否定句）
●活动与探究
Story-telling Competition：
For most of human history，people could only imagine what caused earthquakes to happen.So stories were told to explain this natural disaster.A story from India says that four very big elephants hole up the earth.The elephants stand on the back of a bigger turtle.The turtle stands on an even bigger snake.When any of these huge magical animals move，the earth begins to shake!
1.In pairs make up a story to explain how an earthquake happens.
2.Share your story with your classmates.
3.Choose which one is the most interesting.Give a reason.
●备课资料
知识点归纳：
1.shake用法归纳（shake，shook，shaken）
（1）抖动，震动，常作不及物动词，也作及物动词。
The house shook when the earthquake started.
当地震发生时，房子震动了。
She was shaking with anger.
她气得发抖。
His heavy steps shook the room.
他沉重的脚步使房子都震动了。
She was badly shaken by the news.
她对这个消息大为震惊。
（2）摇动，作及物动词
Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.
服药前摇匀。
（3）颤动，作不及物动词
His hands shook a little as he wrote.
他写字的时候手有点发抖。
His voice shook with emotion.
他很激动，声音都有些颤抖了。
（4）shakeproof adj.防震的，抗震的
（5）常用短语：
①和某人握手
shake hands with sb.
shake sb.’s hand
shake sb.by the hand
He shook hands warmly with me.
He shook my hand warmly.
He shook me warmly by the hand.
他和我热情地握了手。
②摇头 shake one’s head
（6）辨析
shake 系常用词，指“上下来回短促而急速地摇动”。
Shake before taking.
（药瓶标签上）服前摇匀。
tremble 指“由于恐惧、悲愤、兴奋等情绪或因寒冷、疲劳等引起无意识地颤抖”。
She trembled at the lion’s roar.
听到狮吼，她浑身发抖。
quake可与 tremble 换用，但较为正式，指“强烈地颤动”。
The earth quaked.
地震了。
quiver指“轻微而急速地颤动、摇动”。
The leaves quivered with the breeze.
树叶随微风摆动。
shiver指“由于寒冷、恐惧或生病而发抖”。
He shivered with cold.
他冻得发抖。
2.strike用法归纳（strike，struck，struck/stricken）
（1）打，击，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次。
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
hit比strike稍弱，指一次性的打或击中。
beat指连续多次地打，也指有节奏的击打，心脏跳动用beat。
（2）触（礁），撞
His head struck the table as he fell.
他摔下时头撞在了桌子上。
（3）发起进攻，袭击
Our troops struck the enemy camp at dawn.
我们的部队在黎明时分袭击了敌营。
（4）擦（火柴）
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
我擦着了一根火柴来点燃他的香烟。
（5）（钟）敲
I left immediately the clock struck twelve.
钟一敲12下，我就离开了。
（6）（某种想法）突然出现，忽然想起
It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.
我突然想起我们得制订个新计划了。
（7）给（人）某种印象或感觉，给人深刻的印象（常用于被动结构）
How does the plan strike you？
你觉得这个计划怎么样？
I was deeply struck by her beauty.
她的美给我留下了深刻的印象。
（8）罢工
They are striking for higher pay.
他们在为争取高工资而罢工。
3.rise （rise，rose，risen ）
（1）太阳、月亮、星星升起，出现
The sun rose at seven o’clock.
太阳七点钟升起。
（2）升高
The river is rising after the rain.
雨后河水涨了。
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
过去十年间物价一直在上涨。
（3）起床；立起；站起来
（4）晋升
rise，raise和lift辨析：
三个词都有“升起、抬高”的意思。
lift 举起，抬起。常指将物体，尤其是重物，从地面或较低的位置抬高或举起，是及物动词。
He lifted the heavy box for me.
他帮我提起了那个重箱子。
raise 举起，升起，抬高，提高。是及物动词。可与lift互换，但raise强调动作的姿势；此外它还有把某物“竖起来”的意思。还可用在抽象的譬喻性质的短语里。
raise one’s voice 提高嗓门
raise prices 提高价格
raise living standards 提高生活水平
The national flag is raised every morning.
每天早晨升国旗。
rise 升起，上涨，站起来。是不及物动词。常指由低而高的变化过程。
The next morning I was the first to rise.
第二天早上，我是第一个起床的。
4.seem用法归纳
（1）似乎，好像（vi.）
①seem+不定式的一般形式
He seems to like the birthday present very much.
他似乎很喜欢这份生日礼物。
②seem+不定式的完成形式
We seem to have seen you somewhere before.
我们似乎在哪里见到过你。
③seem+不定式的进行形式
Several people in the crowd seemed to be fighting.
人群中似乎有几人正在打架。
（2）看来，似乎是（什么样子）（link-v.）
①seem+形容词
The doctor seems very capable.
看来这个医生很能干。
②seem+分词
His first memories seemed connected with work.
他的第一记忆似乎与工作相连。
③seem+名词
It seems a pleasant city.
看来这是一个令人愉快的城市。
④seem+介词短语
You seem in high spirits today，Mary.
玛丽，看来你今天兴致挺高的。
（3）用于下面结构
①It seems/seemed that ...
It seems that they are looking for something.
他们仿佛在寻找什么东西。
It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.
他似乎一辈子都没有这么努力地工作过。
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.
=It seems that we cannot get our money back.
看来我们的钱弄不回来了。
②It seems/seemed as if ....
It seems as if the weather is improving. 看来天要好转了。
③There seems （to be） ....
There seems to be no work for you to do here.
看来这儿没有工作需要你做了。
5.injure
injure，hurt和wound辨析：
injure伤害，损害（感情），毁坏（名誉）。常指各种性质的身体上或精神上的伤害，常用于意外受伤。是及物动词。
I hope I didn’t injure her feelings.
我希望我没有伤害她的感情。
The football player was injured in his right leg.
那位足球选手的右腿受了伤。
hurt 伤害。没有injure正式，常用于口语。可用于指大、小伤害，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害，可用作及物或不及物动词。
He hurt his foot when jumping over the fence.
他在跳篱笆时伤了脚。
His words hurt me.
他的话伤了我的心。
My head hurts badly.
我头疼得厉害。
wound 受伤，伤害，损害。一般指打伤、刀伤等外伤，尤指战场上负伤；还可用于比喻，指精神上的创伤。是及物动词。
The soldiers wounded in the battle were taken care of by the nurse.
战斗中受伤的战士们由护士在照料。
He felt wounded in his honour.
他觉得他的荣誉受到伤害。The Fifth Period
●从容说课
This period lays emphasis on writing，which is a best way to test if the students have mastered what they have learned.
First，the students will revise what they have learnt in the last period，that is，the Attributive Clause.Teacher will check the students’ translation of some sentences，which should contain the Attributive Clause.Then，students are asked to read out some sentences they have finished，which should also contain the Attributive Clause，after reading a passage.
Then the students should read one invitation.According to the invitation，the students are asked to write a speech，which is made to honor those who died in the earthquake and those who helped the survivors.This task is a bit challenging for the students，but very practical.It requires the students to put what they have learned into daily use，which is the real purpose of language learning.Teacher should instruct the students what to include in such a speech in order to make it sound formal.
Next the students will have to finish a little talk.This step is to train the students’ speaking ability as well as the ability to search for the reason for doing something.
Then the students are asked to write a newspaper story to report an unusual event that happened in his or her hometown.This step is to help the students know the process of writing a report.It includes choosing the headline，listing the main ideas and listing the detailed information.Writing is a higher stage of language learning.Teacher should frequently give the students some assignments of writing.In this way the students can use what they have learned more freely.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
（1）Know how to write a speech.
（2）Know how to write a newspaper story.
2.Ability：
（1）Train the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Train the students’ ability to search for doing something.
（3）Train the students’ ability to do things step by step.
3.Emotion：
（1）Honor the great people of Tang-shan.
（2）Learn to cooperate to each other.
●教学重点
（1）Train the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Train the students’ ability to search for doing something.
●教学难点
（1）Know how to write a speech.
（2）Know how to write a newspaper story.
（3）Learn to cooperate to each other.
●教具准备
（1）a tape recorder
（2）a projector
（3）the blackboard
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 Revision
T：In the last period，we learned the Attributive Clause and how to choose a proper relative pronoun.Now let’s check your homework exercises.
First I will ask some of you to read the sentences that you have translated.
S1：Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone whose family was poor.
S2：The two friends talked about a lot of things and persons that they could remember at college.
S3：The girl who/that is singing over there is my younger sister.
S4：Is this museum the one that/which you visited last month？
S5：The pen with which he is writing is mine.
T：Excellent.Please open your textbooks and turn to Page 64.Look at Part 1 in Using Structures.I will ask some of you to read the sentences out.
（The teacher corrects mistakes if there are any.）
Step 3 Reading and Writing
T：Read the letter on Page 29.In the blank at the beginning of the letter，write the last number of the year it is now.Then in the blank near the end of the letter，use a number to say how many years ago the quake happened.
（After several minutes，the teacher checks the answers with the class.）
T：Suppose you are the student who was invited to give the speech.What should you include in your speech？
S1：I should first thank Mr Zhang Sha and the city government and the visitors.
S2：I should thank those who helped the survivors and list what they did after the quake.
S3：I will also encourage the people to be always proud of the city.
T：Yes.While writing，don’t forget to contain the information.Now I will give you 15 minutes to write the speech.
（While the students are writing，the teacher gets around the classroom and helps the students to deal with any difficulties that they have.）
（After 15 minutes.）
T：Are there any volunteers to read his or her speech？
S4：Let me have a try.
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good morning.It’s my great honor to be given the chance to give the speech.Thank Mr Zhang and the city government for inviting me to speak.And thank all of you to attend this activity.
Everybody knows that this park will be opened to honor those who died in the terrible disaster on this day 29 years ago.We should say that all of you are very lucky to have survived.But never can we forget those who helped you do the rescue work.They dug out those who had been trapped and buried the dead.Most of the 10000 miners who had been trapped underground were rescued.They also helped build the new city.They built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.They built new homes and offices in only seven years.The United Nations honored them for their quick work.While doing the rescue work and rebuilding the city of Tangshan，many workers and soldiers lost their lives.We should show our greatest honor to them.
When I first arrived in the city yesterday，I came to understand why Tangshan was called “Brave City of China”.What you have done made the whole world surprised.Look at the tall buildings and the beautiful environment.There is little trace of the terrible earthquake.How brave you are! All the people in the world should learn from you.I think you should always be proud of the city.
Thank you for listening to my speech.
T：You did an excellent job.
Step 4 Speaking
T：Imagine that after your speech，Zhang Sha asks you to give a short talk about the new stamps about Tangshan to honor the city.First，ask and answer the following questions in pairs.
（1）What do these stamps show？
（2）Do you think these stamps are very important and why？
（3）Will you collect these stamps？Why and why not？
（After the students ask and answer these questions in pairs.）
T：Now try to fill in the lines in the little talk.You can use some of the answers to the questions.
（After several minutes.）
T：Next I will ask one of you to read the little talk.
Step 5 Writing
T：Now you are going to write an article for a newspaper about a special event that happened in your hometown.First，let’s learn some skills of writing newspaper stories.Before you write，you should write an outline.This is very useful.It helps you to choose a topic，decide what to write about and organize your ideas and write clearly.
S1：What should be contained in the outlines？
T：It should contain a headline，a list of main ideas and a list of important details.A headline is always an interesting title that tells the readers what your topic is.Then each paragraph should have a different main idea or purpose.Next，you can put some details into each paragraph.These details help the readers better understand the main idea.
T：Now let’s read the example of a newspaper story.Try to find the headline，main idea and details of each paragraph.You may work in groups of four.
（After several minutes.）
T：What is the headline of the newspaper story？
S2：Cyclists Ready to Go on the Road for Blind Kids.
T：What is the main idea？
S3：It tells us what the cyclists will do and the reason.It also tells us who they are.
T：Then what is the detailed information？
S4：The cyclists will ride from July 5 to 28.
They will ride their bikes 1888 km from Lijiang to Lhasa.
The team has talked about their plan in Beijing on June 3.
They hope to raise 1 million yuan to give to the school which help the blind children in Tibet.
The cyclists are from China，the US，Europe and other places.
The team is made up of both men and women.
Their ages are from 25 to 65.
T：Now turn to Page 32 and check your main ideas and detailed information.
So now you know how to write a passage step by step.Prepare the outline for a short newspaper story for China Daily.Use the example to help you to organize your outline.You can first have a discussion with your partner and decide which event you will write about.Try to write down the title，main ideas and detailed information.Then put them into a short passage.
（Ss write the stories，meanwhile，the teacher goes around the classroom and helps the students to deal with any difficulties that they meet.）
T：Please hand in your writing and I will mark them.
●板书设计
Unit 4 Earthquakes
The Fifth Period
An outline helps you to：
·choose a topic
·decide what you want to say about the topic
·organize your ideas and write clearly
A newspaper out line should have：
·a headline
·a list of main ideas
·a list of important details
●活动与探究
Poster-making
Disaster Picture Show：
1.Divide the whole class into groups of four or five.
2.Go to the libraries or go online to search for pictures of natural disasters，such as，typhoons，hurricanes，floods and earthquakes.
3.Each group chooses one or two best and typical pictures and shows them to the whole class by a representative.At the same time，the other students can ask some questions about the pictures.
●备课资料
Tsunami
Bangkod，Thailand（CNN）—Thailand’s tsunami death toll could reach 8000，with more than half of those foreign tourists holidaying in the nation’s southern resorts when the disaster struck.
There are more than 3000 visitors from Sweden among the missing in Thailand，and the Scandinavian nation is braced for（准备对付） what could be the worst natural disaster toll in its history.
Swedes greeted the New Year with a national day of mourning Saturday，flying flags at half-staff and lighting candles for the missing.
Thailand’s Prime Minister Thaksin Shmawatra said Saturday many of those who were still listed as missing were likely to be dead.
“Many corpses will be floating in the sea，” Thaksin said，according to wire reports.“Of the 6500 missing，it is likely that they could mostly be dead as many days have passed.”
Thailand’s official death count is 4812.
As the search for bodies continues，Thaksin said his government would investigate why the tsunami warnings largely failed to reach officials and tourist resorts.
“We will have to investigate the whole incident.When it happened，why we were not warned，” Thaksin said in his weekly radio address.
Officials at the country’s meteorological department did issue some warnings before the waves slammed into tourist resorts and fishing villages，but they only got through to a handful of officials，the Associated Press reports.
It is thought around 20000 Swedes have traveled to Thailand this holiday season，to escape the cold winter of northern Europe.
While only 59 Swedes have so far been confirmed dead，authorities are fearing this tragedy may well become the worst natural disaster in the nation’s history.With a population of only 9 million，Sweden’s expected loss of life almost matches that of Indonesia，and is exceeded（超过） only by Sri Lanka.
Questions：
（1）The tourists from which country have the largest number of deaths in Thailand except the natives？
（2）Why did Swedes make flying flags at half-staff？
（3）What can we learn from Thaksin’s words？
（4）What’s the main purpose to write this passage？
（5）Why Swedes like traveling to Thailand in winter？
Answers：
（1）The tourists from Sweden have the largest number of deaths in Thailand except the natives.
（2）They did it in order to memorize/mourn the victims in the tsunami.
（3）Thaksin was angry at why few people were warned of the tsunami.
（4）The writer wrote the passage to report Thailand’s tsunami.
（5）They traveled to Thailand because they wanted to avoid the cold winter in their own country.
Titanic
One night in April 1912，a new ship called “TITANIC” was crossing the Atlantic.It was the biggest and most luxurious ocean liner（豪华远洋客轮） of that time.The ship was going very fast.It was carrying 2224 passengers，including men，women and children.The passengers were all having a good time when the ship suddenly struck an iceberg.The iceberg tore a great hole in the ship’s side and it began to sink.
There was a great alarm on board.Warning bells rang out.Everyone rushed to lifeboats，but there was not enough room for them all.The lifeboats took mostly women and children.It was a terrible scene.Wives were weeping because they had to leave their husbands to drown.Children were crying，because they had to say goodbye to their fathers.The men had to remain on the ship.Another ship was passing nearby.The “TITANIC” sent out signals for help，but no help came.
In the early hours of the morning the “TITANIC” sank while the band was playing bravely on deck.Twenty minutes later，another liner arrived on scene and helped to rescue the survivors from the icy water.But more than two thirds of the passengers went down with the “TITANIC”.It was one of the greatest sea disasters of all time.
Questions：
1.Why did “TITANIC” sink with many passengers？
2.How many passengers went down with the “TITANIC” according to the passage？
Answers：
1.The ship was struck by an iceberg and was torn a great hole in its side.
2.More than 1480 passengers went down with the ship.The Fifth Period
●从容说课
This is the fifth period of this unit.As usual，the teacher will check the homework.First，the teacher will ask several pairs of the students to act out their dialogues.This activity is designed to make Ss to guess what may happen according to the story，meanwhile to develop Ss’ ability of expressing their ideas in English and make them more courageous to express themselves in public.To see if the Ss have improved their ability of expressing themselves in English，they will evaluate their performance in acting their dialogue.Later this evaluation will be put into Ss’ study files.
For Part 1 on Page 56，the teacher can ask each student to read several sentences of the passage.In this way，Ss are also given a chance to practise reading English aloud.To give Ss a clear impression upon the Wuyi Mountains，the teacher can present pictures taken there.
There are several language points from Page 22 to 23.It is time for the teacher to deal with them in this period，for there is a translation exercise on Page 57，which we will leave to Ss as today’s homework.The explanation of these language points will give Ss confidence in finishing what otherwise will be very difficult.
In the previous two periods，Ss have been given much training in reading，since listening is another important part of English learning，they should be given some training in listening.Therefore in this period，they will finish the listening tasks of Part 3 Chatting With a Girl on Page 23.Through listening activity，we can develop Ss’ ability of grasping key words and key sentences and get them into the habit of predicting what will happen according to the context.Ss are given different tasks while listening to the passage for three different times.This is also correspondent to the task-based teaching methods.
To consolidate the language points in this unit，Ss are required to finish the translation exercise of Part 2 on Page 57.And they should preview Part 6 of Journal Down the Mekong on Page 59.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
usual，put up，camp，for one thing... for another
2.Ability：
Listening and speaking.
3.Emotion：
Learn the beauty of our motherland.
●教学重点
The language points of this lesson.
●教学难点
To get correct information in listening.
●教具准备
Projector and other normal teaching tools.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greeting
Step 2 Act out the dialogue
Step 3 Revision
T：Yesterday you did a quite good job.So today I’ll show some beautiful pictures I took in the Wuyi Mountains as a reward.Do you like them？I think you’ll be interested in the travel journal by one of the tourists to Wuyi Mountains.Please turn to Page 56.Would you please read the passage，paying attention to your tone？
S1：A tour of the Wuyi Mountains in the northwest of Fujian Province is well worth your time.This place has clean rivers，beautiful forests on hills and peaceful villages.The UN honored much of Wuyi in 1999.Since then，more and more tourists have visited it and some have used air travel to get there.
T：Please stop here.Would anyone go on reading the passage？
S2：You will be glad to know，however，that it is still a special，quiet place to see.Yunufeng，or Jade Lady Peak，is as beautiful as ever.Jiuquxi，a river in the shape of a snake in the southwestern part of Wuyi Mountains，is still green and clear as it travels nearly ten kilometers to the plains below.
S3：On the river you can see many high hills or stop to climb a rock staircase to the top of Tianyoufeng.From there you might stand in a light warm rain as you look out over the beautiful valley below.Clouds come and go among the mountains and you may imagine yourself in a dream world.Sometimes fog finds its way between the mountains and into the valleys.Birds sing cheerfully in the forest，perhaps calling out names from long ago.
S4：In another part of the river you can take a boat down the rapids but be sure to wear a T-shirt and shorts as you will get wet.If you need to wear glasses，tie them to your head.Don’t change your mind about going down the river! Be brave!Some guides will help you on the boat and take care of you on the river.You can watch green water become white as it begins to move more quickly.You will probably feel both excited and nervous，but enjoy the ride.When your journey is finished，don’t forget to pay a visit to the village nearby and try the famous Wuyi rock tea.Then you can have a rest and think about the trip.
Step 4 Language points
T：“As usual” means “ as it is usual”.For example：
He came late as usual.（He was always late，and this time he came late again.）
Can you guess its Chinese meaning？
S：It means “像往常一样”.
T：Please make some sentences by yourselves.
S1：He is a man with few words.He didn’t say anything at the meeting as usual.
S2：He will go home at the Spring Festival as usual.
T：Listen and tell me the meaning of “than usual”.
He had important things to deal with this morning，so he got up much earlier than usual.
S：比往常。
T：Yes.How can we say “今天会议室的人比往常多”？
S：Today there are more people in the meeting room than usual.
T：What about“他今晨感到比往常好一点了。”？
S：He feels a bit better than usual this morning.
T：Tell me the meaning of “put up the tent”.
S：搭起帐篷。
T：Besides “搭起”，what other meanings does the phrase have？Please tell the meaning of it in the following sentences.
（1）If you have questions，you can put up your hands to ask your teacher.举起手
（2）They put up several new houses on out street.建造
（3）They put up some pictures on the wall to make the room more beautiful.张贴
（4）Every morning，mother puts up breakfast for the two children.准备（饭食、药物等）
（5）He is going to put up another proposal at the conference.提出（建议）
（Ask individual Ss to guess the meaning in each sentence.）
T：Now look at the word “camp”.What part of speech it it？
S：It is a noun.
T：Yes，it can be a countable noun and an uncountable noun，for example：
（1）When we were on holiday，we stayed in a camp.（countable）
（2）The soldiers made camp at the foot of the mountain.（make camp意为“扎营”，camp为不可数名词）
Please underline the phrase “make camp”.
S：Can it be used as a verb？
T：Yes，of course.We can say “go camping.” “Go camping” means “去露营”.
S：I once came across “summer camp”，does it mean “夏令营”？
T：Yes，you’re very clever.Here is another very important word “stay”.How do you understand the word in “stay awake”？
S：Does it mean “ keep or remain awake”？
T：Yes，how do you know？
S：I remember we learned “American English changed while British English stayed the same.” In this sentence，“stay” means “remain” or “keep”.
T：You have good memory.We should always associate the new with what we have learned.It is a good way of learning everything.Now turn to Page 23.Please underline “for one thing，for another” and “be familiar to”.
“For one thing，for another” usually expresses two reasons.Its Chinese meaning is “一则……再则”，e.g.
I persuaded him not to buy the suit，for one thing，it didn’t suit him，for another （thing），it was too expensive.
Can you make one sentence after the model？
S：I will not go the cinema tonight，for one thing，it is raining，for another，there will be an exam tomorrow.
T：Perfect.We often say “sb. be familiar with sb.” and “sth. be familiar to sb.” Please translate the sentence “我们很熟悉这首歌。”
S：We are familiar with the song./The song is familiar to us.
T：Right.
Step 5 Listening
T：Next，we will do some listening exercises.Please look at Part 3 Chatting with a Girl on Page 23.
（1）First listening
Listen to the tape for the first time，and then tick out the words you hear on the tape.
（2）Second listening
Listen to the tape for the second time and fill in the chart.
The teacher can design a close test about a summary of this listening part.Ask Ss to fill in the missing words.
（3）Third listening
Let Ss listen to the tape again and check the answers by themselves.The teacher gives Ss the suggested answers.
Step 6 Homework
1.Finish the translation exercise of Part 2 on Page 57.
2.Preview Part 6 of Journey Down the Mekong on Page 59.
●板书设计
Unit 3 Travel journal The Fifth PeriodLanguage points1.as usual than usual2.put up3.make camp4.stay awake5.for one thing，for another 6.sb. be familiar with sb.sth.be familiar to sb.
●活动与探究
We design this chart for the Ss to evaluate their oral presentation in acting out the dialogue they made up.This evaluation will be put into Ss’ files later.Through evaluation，they can understand what should be improved.What’s more，after a short period，they can also understand in what way they have made progress by comparison.Here is the chart：
Evaluation for Ss’ oral presentation （Ss’ dialogue）
use of the text material 5 4 3 2 1
Grammar 5 4 3 2 1
Pronunciation and projection 5 4 3 2 1
Eye-contact & interaction 5 4 3 2 1
General pace & ability to keep interest 5 4 3 2 1
Brief and clear 5 4 3 2 1
Student name
Overall grade
5—always 4—often 3—sometimes 2—seldom 1—never
●备课资料
Research Center for World Heritage Wuyi Mountains
Wuyishan City in east China’s Fujian Province is planning to invest 215 million yuan （US$26 million） in building a research and exhibition center to help protect and showcase the world heritage Wuyi Mountains.
Wuyi Moutains，listed as the World Cultural and Natural Heritage site，attracts millions of tourists every year with its beautiful scenery and cultural relics.
Local officials said the further potential of Wuyi Moutains，which was listed as one of China’s top 10 most popular mountains early this year，needed to be cultivated.
“We need to better play the cultural cards to promote protection and tourism in the area，”said Zhang Chuanxin，director of Wuyishan City bureau of culture and sports.
“The proposed world heritage protection and exhibition center will provide a stage for China’s advanced cultures and other splendid cultures around the world，”he added.
The center will be divided into six parts，including a Wuyishan World Cultural Heritage protection and exhibition park，an exhibition park of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites around the globe，a Great Wuyi cultural classics exhibition park，a park focusing on Fujian’s cultural classics，a cultural tourism service center，and the monitoring and exchange center for the World Heritage protection.
Officials said the center would bring about 5000 new jobs and enhance the healthy development of relevant industries like tourism and hotels.
The local government has had 1.2 million yuan （145000 US dollars） in place for the project and it expects both domestic and overseas investors to join in the development program.The city is also applying to issue 20 million yuan of state bonds to build the center.
九曲泛舟The Fifth Period
●从容说课
This is the fifth period of this unit.In this period，students are designed to discuss what kind of person Bill Gates is.The purpose is to give students a chance to practice their oral English，at the same time，they can have a thorough idea of qualities great people have in common.In this period，there is a reading passage to practice reading.This is the end of Elias’ story.In order to arouse the students’ interests in reading and develop the ability of prediction，it is important to have a discussion about the possible final result before reading.What’s more，there are some new words and expressions in the passage，so it is necessary to deal with the new words and expressions of this part，so as to make it easy for students to understand the contents.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period.
Words：blanket，degree，guard，educated，terror，fear，cruelty，reward，right，criminal，leader
Phrases：come to power
Sentences：
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.
As they were not cleverer than me，but did pass their exams.
2.Ability：
（1）Talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Do reading practice to improve the students’ reading abilities.
（3）Learn to think about a person or a situation in different respects.
3.Emotion：
（1）Learn about some great people and qualities they have in common.
（2）Develop the students’ moral quality.
●教学重点
（1）Have a discussion about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）Enable the students to grasp the main idea of the passage.
（3）Improve the students’ reading ability.
●教学难点
（1）How to express their own opinions and ideas.
（2）How to grasp the main idea of a text or a passage.
●教具准备
The multimedia and the blackboard.
●教学过程
Step 1 Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step 2 New words
T：Today we will learn another passage “The rest of Elias’ story”.Before that，let’s first learn new words in this passage.Please have a look at the key words on the blackboard.Do you know the meanings of them？If not，you can check them on Page 97.
（Give them several minutes for them to get to know the meanings of these words.）
T：Let’s read these new words together.
Step 3 Lead-in
T：Well.From the first passage，we know some information about Elias.In the last paragraph of the first passage，Elias told us that although he did not like violence，but in 1963 he helped Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings because he thought it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.But as we all know，it broke the law.What would happen to him？You can have a discussion about this question with your partner.
（Two minutes later.）
S1：In my opinion，he was caught and put in prison for years.
S2：I think he was very lucky to escape being punished.
S3：I believe that he was caught and be sentenced to death.
T：Yes.Maybe different students have different opinions about Elias.Today we’ll finish reading the story.After this period，you will know what actually happened to him.
Step 4 Listening
T：Now please listen to the passage carefully and find the answer to this question：What happened to Elias？
（Show the question on the screen and play the tape for the students to listen.）
T：Who would like to answer the question？
S4：Elias was sent to Robben Island.
T：Can you tell me something about Robben Island？
S4：Yes.It was a prison from which no one escaped.The sound of its name made people afraid.
Step 5 Reading
T：Good.Please open your books and turn to Page 38.Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
（Show the following sentences on the screen.）
Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
1.Elias was unhappy in the prison because____________.
A.he was kept with the criminals
B.the prison guards studied with him
C.he had to study
D.he could not study for a degree
2.Nelson Mandela showed how good a leader he was because____________.
A.he fought the guards in prison
B.he refused to let the guards study in his school
C.he let the guards study in his school but not take the exams
D.he let the guards study even though the prisoners could not take the exams
3.Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because____________.
A.he had to study B.he could study with the guards
C.he wanted to study D.he could study and get a degree
4.As leader of South Africa，Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by________.
A.giving them an education B.giving them money
C.putting the guards in prison D.giving them a job
T：OK.Everyone，are you ready？
Ss：Yes.
（The students begin to read.A few minutes later，teacher begins to check their understanding of the text.）
T：Now please check your answers with your partner.At last，I’ll check the answers.
（Suggested answers：DDBA）
T：You all did a good job.Now，you’ve understood the passage better.Now please read the passage after the tape.
Step 6 Retelling
T：Well，I think up to now you have known a lot of information about Elias.Now suppose you are Elias’ friend，please introduce him.I’ll give you some minutes to prepare.Maybe you can begin with your introduction like that：Elias is my good friend.He....
（Some minutes later.）
T：OK.Time is up.Who’d like to have a try？
S6：I’d like to.Elias is my good friend.He was a poor black worker in South Africa.He began school at six.But two years later，he had to leave because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.So he could not read or write.After that he got a job in a gold mine.But because he was not born in Johannesburg，he did not have the passbook.At that time，he first met Nelson Mandela.Nelson Mandela told him what to do and how to get the correct papers so he could stay in Johannesburg.When Nelson Mandela organized the ANC Youth League，he helped Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings because he knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.Unluckily，he was sent to Robben Island，which was a prison from which no one escaped.But when he got there Nelson Mandela was also there.Nelson Mandela began a school for prisoners who had studied very little.Elias became a good student but could not study for a degree.When he finished the four years in prison，he had found a job but because the police told the important men in his business that he had been to prison for blowing up government buildings he lost his job.When Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1993，he gave Elias a job taking tourists round his old prison on Robben Island.That’s all.
T：A good job.Now let’s deal with the language points in this part.
（1）I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
the first time 起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I met him，I thought him nice.
（2）We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.
we could find 是定语从句，修饰anything。
to make candles及to see the words 是目的状语。
（3）As they were not cleverer than me，but did pass their exams.
did pass 是强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原形前加do/does/did。
I do hope you have a nice trip.
He does speak English well.
Step 7 Reading task
T：Very good.Now you are going to look at a famous man，Bill Gates.Use the skills you have learned about expressing points of view and decide whether you think he is a great man.If you have an opinion about that already，please finish this sentence.
（Show this sentence on the screen.）
I think Bill Gates is/is not a great man because____________.
Possible version：
1.I think Bill Gates is not a great man because he didn’t change the world and make the world fairer.
2.I think Bill Gates is a great man because he will change the world by helping the education and health of many children around the world.
T：Just now，you just expressed your point of view.Now please read through the evidence and fill in the research note on Page 74.Don’t add anything or leave anything out.
T：Now，please read the passage quickly and make notes according to the sheet.
（Give the students some minutes to prepare.）
T：Now time is up.Let’s check your answers together.
Step 8 Reading aloud
T：Now please read the passage after the tape.Pay more attention to the underlined sentences and their pause.
Step 9 Discussion
T：Now you have to decide what you think of Bill Gates.He is a successful and rich man but is he a great man？Has he given up anything （not money） in his life to help other people and make things fairer in the world？Now please discuss with your partner.
（Give students three minutes to discuss.）
T：OK.Stop here，please.What’s your opinion，Mary？
S1：I think Bill Gates is successful and rich but he is not a great man.Of course，he is very clever and has a lot of money.He has given millions of dollars to help the education and health of many children around the world.But he didn’t change the world and make the world fairer.In a word，he is not a great man but a good man.
T：Do you agree with her？
S2：No.In my opinion，it is not easy to give millions of money to help other people，but Bill Gates did so.He is very generous.By means of helping the education and health of many children around the world，he will change the world because children are the future owner of the world.
T：You’re both very good.But perhaps different people have different opinions about Bill Gates.It is natural.You can have a deep discussion after class.
Step 10 Summary
T：In this class，we have read two passages.One is the rest of Elias’ story.The other is a passage about Bill Gates.In the first part，we learned some new words and expressions.After that，we had a discussion about Bill Gates，which helps to understand what qualities a great person should have.
Step 11 Homework
Look up some other information about Bill Gates and his career after class.
●板书设计
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
The Fifth Period
blanket
degree
educated
terror
fear
cruelty
reward
1.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
2.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.
3.As they were not cleverer than me，but did pass their terror exams.
●活动与探究
Now you rate your partner’s listening skills：How often do they do the following？On a scale from 1 to 5，give them a score as follows：1 = never，2 = rarely，3 = sometimes，4 = often，5 = very often.
behavior score
My partner avoids staying on a subject until it is solved.
My partner make assumptions about my feelings or thoughts.
My partner comments with，“Yes，but...” to my suggestions or opinions.
My partner brings up past issues during current disagreements.
My partner interrupts my conversation.
My partner use sarcasm or jokes to respond when I talk.
My partner responds to my complaints with a complaint.
My partner insults and criticizes me.
My partner responds to me with phrases like，“That’s ridiculous.”
My partner sees only his point of view.
TOTAL （Add up the scores for your partner.）
●备课资料
Bill Gates
William （Bill） H.Gates is chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation，the worldwide leader in software，services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.Microsoft had revenues of US$36.84 billion for the fiscal year ending June 2004，and employs more than 55 000 people in 85 countries and regions.
Born on Oct.28，1955，Gates grew up in Seattle with his two sisters.Their father，William H.Gates Ⅱ，is a Seattle attorney.Their late mother，Mary Gates，was a schoolteacher，University of Washington regent，and chairwoman of United Way International.
Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School.There，he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at age 13.
In 1973，Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman，where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer，now Microsoft’s chief executive officer.While at Harvard，Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer—the MITS Altair.
In his junior year，Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft，a company he had begun in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen.Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home，they began developing software for personal computers.Gates’ foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry.
Top row：Steve Wood （left），Bob Wallace，Jim Lane.Middle row：Bob O’Rear，Bob Greenberg，Marc McDonald，Gordon Letwin.Bottom row：Bill Gates，Andrea Lewis，Marla Wood，Paul Allen.December 7，1978.
Under Gates’ leadership，Microsoft’s mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology，and to make it easier，more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers.The company is committed to a long-term view，reflected in its investment of approximately $6.2 billion on research and development in the 2005 fiscal year.
Gates has donated the proceeds of both books to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and skills development.
In addition to his love of computers and software，Gates founded Corbis，which is developing one of the world’s largest resources of visual information—a comprehensive digital archive of art and photography from public and private collections around the globe.He is also a member of the board of directors of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.，which invests in companies engaged in diverse business activities.
Philanthropy is also important to Gates.He and his wife，Melinda，have endowed a foundation with more than $27 billion （as of March 2004）to support philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning，with the hope that in the 21st century，advances in these critical areas will be available for all people.The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has committed more than $3.2 billion to organizations working in global health；more than $2 billion to improve learning opportunities，including the Gates Library Initiative to bring computers，Internet Access and training to public libraries in low-income communities in the United States and Canada；more than $477 million to community projects in the Pacific Northwest；and more than $488 million to special projects and annual giving campaigns.
Gates was married on Jan.1，1994，to Melinda French Gates.They have three children.Gates is an avid reader，and enjoys playing golf and bridge.
