2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编之专题15： 阅读理解 社会生活、议论类 （word版附答案、解析）

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专题15
阅读理解社会生活、议论类
I、2021年高考真题
（2021·新高考I卷·D篇）
Popularization
has
in
some
cases
changed
the
original
meaning
of
emotional
（情感的）
intelligence.
Many
people
now
misunderstand
emotional
intelligence
as
almost
everything
desirable
in
a
person's
makeup
that
cannot
be
measured
by
an
IQ
test,
such
as
character,
motivation,
confidence,
mental
stability,
optimism
and
"people
skills."
Research
has
shown
that
emotional
skills
may
contribute
to
some
of
these
qualities,
but
most
of
them
move
far
beyond
skill-based
emotional
intelligence.
We
prefer
to
describe
emotional
intelligence
as
a
specific
set
of
skills
that
can
be
used
for
either
good
or
bad
purposes.
The
ability
to
accurately
understand
how
others
are
feeling
may
be
used
by
a
doctor
to
find
how
best
to
help
her
patients,
while
a
cheater
might
use
it
to
control
potential
victims.
Being
emotionally
intelligent
does
not
necessarily
make
one
a
moral
person.
Although
popular
beliefs
regarding
emotional
intelligence
run
far
ahead
of
what
research
can
reasonably
support,
the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity
have
been
more
beneficial
than
harmful.
The
most
positive
aspect
of
this
popularization
is
a
new
and
much
needed
emphasis
（重视）on
emotion
by
employers,
educators
and
others
interested
in
promoting
social
well-being.
The
popularization
of
emotional
intelligence
has
helped
both
the
public
and
researchers
re-evaluate
the
functionality
of
emotions
and
how
they
serve
people
adaptively
in
everyday
life.
Although
the
continuing
popular
appeal
of
emotional
intelligence
is
desirable,
we
hope
that
such
attention
will
excite
a
greater
interest
in
the
scientific
and
scholarly
study
of
emotion.
It
is
our
hope
that
in
coming
decades,
advances
in
science
will
offer
new
perspectives
（视角）
from
which
to
study
how
people
manage
their
lives.
Emotional
intelligence,
with
its
focus
on
both
head
and
heart,
may
serve
to
point
us
in
the
right
direction.
1.What
is
a
common
misunderstanding
of
emotional
intelligence?
A.It
can
be
measured
by
an
IQ
test.
B.It
helps
to
exercise
a
person's
mind.
C.It
includes
a
set
of
emotional
skills.
D.It
refers
to
a
person's
positive
qualities.
2.
Why
does
the
author
mention
"doctor"
and
"cheater"
in
paragraph
2?
A.To
explain
a
rule.
B.To
clarify
a
concept.
C.To
present
a
fact.
D.To
make
a
prediction.
3.What
is
the
author's
attitude
to
the
popularization
of
emotional
intelligence?
A.Favorable.
B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful.
D.Unclear.
4.What
does
the
last
paragraph
mainly
talk
about
concerning
emotional
intelligence?
A.Its
appeal
to
the
public.
B.Expectations
for
future
studies.
C.Its
practical
application.
D.Scientists
with
new
perspectives.
【答案】DBAB
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
1.细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many
people
now
misunderstand…?as
almost
everything
desirable
in
a
person's
makeup…?分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such
as
character,
motivation,
confidence…?则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph
2，定位到第二段We
prefer
to
describe
emotional
intelligence
as…；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明?"好目的"?和?"坏目的"?。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据题干信息popularization
of
emotional
intelligence定位到第三段：Although
popular
beliefs
regarding…?the
overall
effects
of
the
publicity
have
been
more
beneficial
than
harmful.
分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究）
是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the
most
positive
aspect
of
this
popularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据题干信息last
paragraph定位到最后一段It
is
our
hope
that…?advances
in
science
will
offer
new
perspectives
from
which
to
study
how
people
manage
their
lives.
Emotional
intelligence…?may
serve
to
point
us
in
the
right
direction.
分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectations
for
future
studies.符合题意。故选B。
（2021·浙江卷·B篇）
We
live
in
a
town
with
three
beaches.
There
are
two
parks
less
than
10
minutes'
walk
from
home
where
neighbourhood
children
gather
to
play.
However,
what
my
children
want
to
do
after
school
is
pick
up
a
screen—any
screen—and
stare
at
it
for
hours.
They
are
not
alone.
Today's
children
spend
an
average
of
four
and
a
half
hours
a
day
looking
at
screens,
split
between
watching
television
and
using
the
Internet.
In
the
past
few
years,
an
increasing
number
of
people
and
organisations
have
begun
coming
up
with
plans
to
counter
this
trend.
A
couple
of
years
ago,
film-maker
David
Bond
realised
that
his
children,
then
aged
five
and
three,
were
attached
to
screens
to
the
point
where
he
was
able
to
say
"chocolate"
into
his
three-year-old
son's
ear
without
getting
a
response.
He
realised
that
something
needed
to
change,
and,
being
a
London
media
type,
appointed
himself
"marketing
director
for
Nature".
He
documented
his
journey
as
he
set
about
treating
nature
as
a
brand
to
be
marketed
to
young
people.
The
result
was?Project
Wild
Thing,
a
film
which?charts?the
birth
of
the
Wild
Network,
a
group
of
organisations
with
the
common
goal
of
getting
children
out
into
nature.
"Just
five
more
minutes
outdoors
can
make
a
difference,
"
David
Bond
says.
"There
is
a
lot
of
really
interesting
evidence
which
seems
to
be
suggesting
that
if
children
are
inspired
up
to
the
age
of
seven,
then
being
outdoors
will
be
a
habit
for
life."
His
own
children
have
got
into
the
habit
of
playing
outside
now:
"We
just
send
them
out
into
the
garden
and
tell
them
not
to
come
back
in
for
a
while."
Summer
is
upon
us.
There
is
an
amazing
world
out
there,
and
it
needs
our
children
as
much
as
they
need
it.
Let
us
get
them
out
and
let
them
play.
1.What
is
the
problem
with
the
author's
children?
A.They
often
annoy
the
neighbours.
B.They
are
tired
of
doing
their
homework.
C.They
have
no
friends
to
play
with.
D.They
stay
in
front
of
sereens
for
too
long.
2.How
did
David
Bond
advocate
his
idea?
A.By
making
a
documentary
film.
B.By
organizing
outdoor
activities.
C.By
advertising
in
London
media.
D.By
creating
a
network
of
friends.
3.Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word
"charts"
in
paragraph
2?
A.records
B.predicts
C.delays
D.confirms
4.What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.Let
Children
Have
Fun
B.Young
Children
Need
More
Free
Time
C.Market
Nature
to
Children
D.David
Bond:
A
Role
Model
for
Children
【答案】DAAC
【解析】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演
David
Bond怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句
"However,
what
my
children
want
to
do
after
school
is
pick
up
a
screen—any
screen—and
stare
at
it
for
hours."
可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He
documented
his
journey
as
he
set
about
treating
nature
as
a
brand
to
be
marketed
to
young
people.
The
result
was
Project
Wild
Thing,
a
film
which
charts
the
birth
of
the
Wild
Network,
a
group
of
organisations
with
the
common
goal
of
getting
children
out
into
nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
3.词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是
Project
Wild
Thing，一部描绘了
Wild
Network
诞生的电影，Wild
Network
是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Project
Wild
Thing记录下了组织Wild
Network的诞生，因此record（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
4.主旨大意题。文章首段阐述现状，即孩子们花太多时间在电子屏幕上，紧接着提到了作者为呼吁孩子们走进大自然拍摄了纪录片，希望孩子们能多花些时间在户外运动上。因此本篇文章主要内容为：向孩子们
"推销"
自然，故选C。
（2021·3月天津卷·B篇）
About
five
weeks
ago,
I
noticed
the
skin
of
our
pet
lizard（蜥蜴）was
growing
dusty.
It
worried
me.
I
reported
the
strange
surface
on
the
skin
of
the
lizard
to
my
husband
and
children
the
next
morning.
Seconds
later,
our
lizard
emerged
from
its
tank
with
its
old
skin
flowing
behind
it.
I
didn't
think
about
it
much
until
a
morning
last
week
when
I
knocked
my
favorite
teapot
off
the
table.
It
burst
into
hundreds
of
pieces.
As
I
swept
up
the
mess,
I
wondered
why
we
had
been
breaking
so
many
things
over
the
months.
The
destruction
started
three
months
ago.
It
was
my
husband's
birthday.
He
had
just
lost
his
job.
The
uncertainty
was
starting
to
wear
on
us,
so
I
wanted
to
do
something
special.
"Let's
make
a
cake
for
Dad!"
I
cried.
My
kids
screamed
with
joy.
We
baked,
iced
and
sprinkled
for
most
of
the
day.
Candles
on
the
cake!
Balloons
on
the
walls!
Flowers
on
the
table!
Two
hours
before
my
husband
came
back
home
from
another
job
interview,
my
daughter
climbed
up
to
grab
a
glass
vase
from
a
high
shelf.
It
fell
and
crashed
beside
the
cake.
Tiny
pieces
of
glass
were
everywhere.
She
sobbed
loudly
as
I
threw
the
cake
away.
My
husband
had
banana
pudding
for
his
birthday.
Three
days
ago,
the
light
in
our
living
room
suddenly
went
out.
After
several
frustrating
hours
of
unsuccessful
attempts
to
fix
it,
my
husband
suggested
watching
the
Michael
Jordan
documentary（纪录片）series?The
Last
Dance.
The
poignancy（酸楚）of
Jordan
retiring
from
his
beloved
basketball
to
play
baseball
and
what
had
pushed
him
to
make
such
a
tough
decision
took
me
by
surprise.
As
I
watched
him
take
off
his
basketball
uniform
and
replace
it
with
a
baseball
uniform,
I
saw
him?leaving
behind
the
layer?that
no
longer
served
him,
just
as
our
lizard
had.
Neither
of
them
chose
the
moment
that
had
transformed
them.
But
they
had
to
live
with
who
they
were
after
everything
was
different.
Just
like
us.
I
realized
that
we
have
to
learn
to
leave
the
past
behind.
Humans
do
not
shed
skin（蜕皮）as
easily
as
other
animals.
The
beginning
of
change
is
upsetting.
The
process
is
tiring.
Damage
changes
us
before
we
are
ready.
I
see
our
lizard,
raw
and
nearly
new.
Jordan
said
that
no
matter
how
it
ends,
it
starts
with
hope.
With
our
tender,
hopeful
skin,
that
is
where
we
begin.
1.What
can
we
learn
about
the
pet
lizard
from
Paragraph
1?
A.Its
tank
grew
dirty.
B.Its
old
skin
came
off.
C.It
got
a
skin
disease.
D.It
went
missing.
2.Why
did
the
author's
husband
have
banana
pudding
for
his
birthday?
A.The
birthday
cake
was
ruined.
B.The
author
made
good
puddings.
C.Pudding
was
his
favorite
dessert.
D.They
couldn't
afford
a
birthday
cake.
3.Why
does
the
author
mention?The
Last
Dance?in
the
passage?
A.To
prove
a
theory.
B.To
define
a
concept.
C.To
develop
the
theme.
D.To
provide
the
background.
4.The
underlined
part
"leaving?behind?the?layer"
in
Paragraph
8
can
be
understood
as???????????.
A.letting
go
of
the
past
B.looking
for
a
new
job
C.getting
rid
of
a
bad
habit
D.giving
up
an
opportunity
5.What
does
the
author
most
likely
want
to
tell
us?
A.Love
of
family
helps
us
survive
great
hardships.
B.It's
not
the
end
of
the
world
if
we
break
things.
C.We
should
move
on
no
matter
what
happens.
D.Past
experiences
should
be
treasured.
【答案】BACAC
【解析】文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael
Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句
"I
reported
the
strange
surface
on
the
skin
of
the
lizard
to
my
husband
and
children
the
next
morning.
Seconds
later,
our
lizard
emerged
from
its
tank
with
its
old
skin
flowing
behind
it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来）"
可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段
"Two
hours
before
my
husband
came
back
home
from
another
job
interview,
my
daughter
climbed
up
to
grab
a
glass
vase
from
a
high
shelf…My
husband
had
banana
pudding
for
his
birthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）"
可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选：A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段
"The
poignancy（酸楚）of
Jordan
retiring
from
his
beloved
basketball
to
play
baseball
and
what
had
pushed
him
to
make
such
a
tough
decision
took
me
by
surprise.
…Neither
of
them
chose
the
moment
that
had
transformed
them.
…Just
like
us.
I
realized
that
we
have
to
learn
to
leave
the
past
behind.（Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）"
以及最后一段
"Jordan
said
that
no
matter
how
it
ends,
it
starts
with
hope.
With
our
tender,
hopeful
skin,
that
is
where
we
begin.（
Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）"
可推知，作者在文章中提到The
Last
Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选：C。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文
"Neither
of
them
chose
the
moment
that
had
transformed
them…Just
like
us.
I
realized
that
we
have
to
learn
to
leave
the
past
behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）"
可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是
"放开过去"。故选：A。
5.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段
"Humans
do
not
shed
skin（蜕皮）as
easily
as
other
animals…I
see
our
lizard,
raw
and
nearly
new.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）"
以及最后一段
"Jordan
said
that
no
matter
how
it
ends,
it
starts
with
hope.
With
our
tender,
hopeful
skin,
that
is
where
we
begin.（Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）"
可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选：C。
（2021·3月天津卷·D篇）
There
is
something
to
be
said
for
being
a
generalist,
even
if
you
are
a
specialist.
Knowing
a
little
about
a
lot
of
things
that
interest
you
can
add
to
the
richness
of
a
whole,
well-lived
life.
Society
pushes
us
to
specialize,
to
become
experts.
This
requires
commitment
to
a
particular
occupation,
branch
of
study
or
research.
The
drawback
to
being
specialists
is
we
often
come
to
know
more
and
more
about
less
and
less.
There
is
a
great
deal
of
pressure
to
master
one's
field.
You
may
pursue
training,
degrees,
or
increasing
levels
of
responsibility
at
work.
Then
you
discover
the
pressure
of
having
to
keep
up.
Some
people
seem
willing
to
work
around
the
clock
in
their
narrow
specialty.
But
such
commitment
can
also
weaken
a
sense
of
freedom.
These
specialists
could
work
at
the
office
until
ten
each
night,
then
look
back
and
realize
they
would
have
loved
to
have
gone
home
and
enjoyed
the
sweetness
of
their
family
and
friends,
or
traveled
to
exciting
places,
meeting
interesting
people.
Mastering
one
thing
to
the
exclusion
（排除）of
others
can
hold
back
your
true
spirit.
Generalists,
on
the
other
hand,
know
a
lot
about
a
wide
range
of
subjects
and
view
the
whole
with
all
its
connections.
They
are
people
of
ability,
talent,
and
enthusiasm
who
can
bring
their
broad
perspective
（视角）into
specific
fields
of
expertise（专长）.
The
doctor
who
is
also
a
poet
and
philosopher
is
a
superior
doctor,
one
who
can
give
so
much
more
to
his
patients
than
just
good
medical
skills.
Things
are
connected.
Let
your
expertise
in
one
field
fuel
your
passions
in
all
related
areas.
Some
of
your
interests
may
not
appear
to
be
connected
but,
once
you
explore
their
depths,
you
discover
that
they
are.
My
editor
Toni,
who
is
also
a
writer,
has
edited
several
history
books.
She
has
decided
to
study
Chinese
history.
Fascinated
by
the
structural
beauty
of
the
Forbidden
City
as
a
painter,
she
is
equally
interested
to
learn
more
about
Chinese
philosophy.
"I
don't
know
where
it
will
lead,
but
I'm
excited
I'm
on
this
pursuit."
These
expansions
into
new
worlds
help
us
by
giving
us
new
perspectives.
We
begin
to
see
the
interconnectedness
of
one
thing
to
another
in
all
aspects
of
our
life,
of
ourselves
and
the
universe.
Develop
broad,
general
knowledge
and
experience.
The
universe
is
all
yours
to
explore
and
enjoy.
1.To
become
a
specialist,
one
may
have
to???????????.
A.narrow
his
range
of
knowledge
B.avoid
responsibilities
at
work
C.know
more
about
the
society
D.broaden
his
perspective
on
life
2.The
specialists
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3
tend
to???????????.
A.treasure
their
freedom
B.travel
around
the
world
C.spend
most
time
working
D.enjoy
meeting
funny
people
3.According
to
the
author,
a
superior
doctor
is
one
who???????????.
A.is
fully
aware
of
his
talent
and
ability
B.is
a
pure
specialist
in
medicine
C.should
love
poetry
and
philosophy
D.brings
knowledge
of
other
fields
to
work
4.What
does
the
author
intend
to
show
with
the
example
of
Toni?
A.Passion
alone
does
not
ensure
a
person's
success.
B.In-depth
exploration
makes
discoveries
possible.
C.Everyone
has
a
chance
to
succeed
in
their
pursuit.
D.Seemingly
unrelated
interests
are
in
a
way
connected.
5.What
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.Be
More
a
Generalist
Than
a
Specialist
B.Specialist
or
Generalist:
Hard
to
Decide
C.Turn
a
Generalist
into
a
Specialist
D.Ways
to
Become
a
Generalist
【答案】ACDDA
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句
"This
requires
commitment
to
a
particular
occupation,
branch
of
study
or
research.
The
drawback
to
being
specialists
is
we
often
come
to
know
more
and
more
about
less
and
less.
（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）"
可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到
"Some
people
seem
willing
to
work
around
the
clock
in
their
narrow
specialty…These
specialists
could
work
at
the
office
until
ten
each
night,
…(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…..这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)"
可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句
"The
doctor
who
is
also
a
poet
and
philosopher
is
a
superior
doctor,
one
who
can
give
so
much
more
to
his
patients
than
just
good
medical
skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）"
可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句
"Things
are
connected.
Let
your
expertise
in
one
field
fuel
your
passions
in
all
related
areas.
Some
of
your
interests
may
not
appear
to
be
connected
but,
once
you
explore
their
depths,
you
discover
that
they
are.
（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）"
以及下文举出Toni的例子"My
editor
Toni,
who
is
also
a
writer,
has
edited
several
history
books.
She
has
decided
to
study
Chinese
history.
Fascinated
by
the
structural
beauty
of
the
Forbidden
City
as
a
painter,
she
is
equally
interested
to
learn
more
about
Chinese
philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。)"可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
5.最佳标题题。文章第一段第一句提出观点
"There
is
something
to
be
said
for
being
a
generalist,
even
if
you
are
a
specialist.
（作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才）"
。根据文章第二段第三句
"The
drawback
to
being
specialists
is
we
often
come
to
know
more
and
more
about
less
and
less."
可知，成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深。根据文章第四段第一句
"Generalists,
on
the
other
hand,
know
a
lot
about
a
wide
range
of
subjects
and
view
the
whole
with
all
its
connections."
可知，当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。根据上述内容可知，作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为
"Be
More
a
Generalist
Than
a
Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）"
。故选A。
II、2021年高考模拟试题
（2021·天津十二区县联考2·阅读理解D篇）
The
playing
field
is
never
even
or
equal.
Your
skills
and
attitude
play
a
major
role
in
the
outcome.
Knowing
what
you
can
do
to
have
an
advantage
can
make
the
difference
between
success
and
failure.
My
kids
tell
me
it's
unfair
to
play
with
the
big
children.
I
tell
them
that's
right.
Unfairness
is
a
good
thing.
There
is
more
to
be
gained
by
the
effort
when
things
seem
unfair.
It
is
true
that
many
things
in
the
world
are
unfair.
But
unfair
things
usually
can
be
a
boon
to
you.
For
example,
the
early
bird
catches
the
worm.
It
is
unfair
that
the
bird
that
sleeps
in
misses
out
on
breakfast
but
it
is
nice
to
know
that
if
it
gets
up
early
it
is
sure
to
get
the
worm.
I
always
try
to
explain
to
my
kids
that
complaining
about
how
unfair
something
is
will
get
them
nowhere.
Instead,
make
the
most
out
of
it
and
get
on
the
other
side
of
it.
Once
you
do
that
you
are
in
the
advantage.
Above
all,
you
have
to
focus
on
gaining
that
unfair
advantage
and
in
order
to
do
that,
build
your
inner
strength,
When
you
empower
（武装）
yourself,
you
are
gaining
skills
or
abilities,
confidence
and
self-esteem
（自尊）.
You
should
look
at
your
place
in
the
world.
Where
do
you
want
io
be
financially,
spiritually,
emotionally,
and
physically
?
You
are
creating
your
own
story
when
you
empower
yourself.
You
can
build
all
the
advantages
that
you
need
to
live
the
life
that
you
want.
If
you
haven't
yet,
you
need
to
make
a
list
of
all
the
things
you
want
to
experience
in
your
new
life.
This
will
help
you
focus
on
building
advantages
so
that
you
never
have
to
say
that
it's
Not
Fair.
When
you
do
this
then
you
will
be
able
to
realize
that
unfairness
is
a
good
thing
and
you
will
want
to
teach
those
around
you
to
see
unfairness
in
this
way
too.
1.
What
docs
the
underlined
word
"boon"
in
Paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.
Something
that
is
very
terrible.
B.
Something
that
is
very
helpful
C.
Something
that
is
very
kind
D.
Something
that
is
very
scared
2.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
example
of
the
playing
field
used
by
the
author?
A.
The
author
wants
to
introduce
his
topic
B.
The
author
wants
to
support
his
opinion
C.
He
wants
tell
us
that
having
an
advantage
is
needed
D.
He
wants
to
show
skills
and
attitudes
are
important
in
playing
games
3.
What
is
the
best
way
to
deal
with
unfairness
according
to
the
author?
A.
Just
accept
it.
B.
Thy
to
change
it.
C.
Simply
ignore
it.
D.
Make
good
use
of
it.
4.
You
are
told
to
look
at
your
place
in
the
world
in
order
to
________.
A.
make
yourself
better
B.
be
proud
of
yourself
C.
have
more
confidence
D.
know
others'
advantages
5.
What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.
The
way
to
live
a
happy
life.
B.
The
right
attitude
to
unfairness.
C.
Being
patient
enough
to
succeed.
D.
Staying
calm
when
treated
badly.
【答案】BADAB
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述对待不公平的正确态度。
1.词句猜测题。由文章第二段中的转折词“But”可知，划线词应是褒义的，再结合下文“For
example,
the
early
bird
catches
the
worm.（例如，早起的鸟儿有虫吃）”，说明划线词应是指“有帮助的”意思。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。由文章第一段“The
playing
field
is
never
even
or
equal.
Your
skills
and
attitude
play
a
major
role
in
the
outcome.
Knowing
what
you
can
do
to
have
an
advantage
can
make
the
difference
between
success
and
failure.（竞技场从来就不是平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败）”可知，文章首段的目的应是引出话题。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。由文章第三段“I
always
try
to
explain
to
my
kids
that
complaining
about
how
unfair
something
is
will
get
them
nowhere.
Instead,
make
the
most
out
of
it
and
get
on
the
other
side
of
it.
Once
you
do
that
you
are
in
the
advantage.（我总是试图向我的孩子们解释，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，对他们没有任何好处。相反，你应该充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考虑）。一旦你这样做了，你就处于优势了）”可知，在作者看来充分利用不公平是对待不公平本身最好的方法。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。由文章第四段“You
should
look
at
your
place
in
the
world.
Where
do
you
want
io
be
financially,
spiritually,
emotionally,
and
physically
?
You
are
creating
your
own
story
when
you
empower
yourself.（你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置？当你赋予自己力量时，你正在创造自己的故事）”以及第五段“You
can
build
all
the
advantages
that
you
need
to
live
the
life
that
you
want.（你可以建立所有你需要的优势，过上你想要的生活）”可知，看清你在这个世界上的位置是为了让你变得更好。故选A项。
5.主旨大意题。由文章第五段“When
you
do
this
then
you
will
be
able
to
realize
that
unfairness
is
a
good
thing
and
you
will
want
to
teach
those
around
you
to
see
unfairness
in
this
way
too.（当你这样做的时候，你就会意识到不公平是一件好事，你也会想要教会你周围的人以这种方式看待不公平）”
结合文章主要围绕对待不公的正确态度展开可知，B项表述正确。故选B项。
（2021·宝坻区三模·阅读理解D篇）
Those
with
closed
minds
refused
to
consider
any
contradictory
facts,
and
they
proceed
with
their
planned
course
of
action,
full
speed
ahead,
with
their
“minds
made
up”
and
tightly
shut.
As
an
illustration,
consider
the
situation
in
1986,
prior
to
the
space
shuttle
Challenger’s
disatrous
launch
that
killed
all
seven
astronauts
aboard,
there
was
a
heated
telephone
debate
between
two
engineers
from
the
company
that
produced
the
shuttle
booster
rockets
and
the
top
officials
of
NASA
(the
federal
government’s
space
agency).
The
engineers
insisted
that
the
flight
was
too
risky
because
of
freezing
temperature
at
the
Florida
launch
site.
They
explained
that
some
of
the
seals
on
the
fuel
tanks
were
not
designed
to
withstand
such
low
temperatures
and
might
leak
under
pressure,
thus
endangering
the
craft
and
crew.
Despite
the
pleas
to
stop
the
flight,
officials
at
NASA
overruled
the
engineers,
who
were
best
qualified
to
make
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems
of
space
flight.
What
caused
the
officials
to
ignore
the
engineers?
Several
flights
had
already
been
postponed,
and
it
would
not
look
good
to
postpone
another.
It
would
be
bad
public
relations
to
disappoint
the
crowds
of
people
and
news
reporters
waiting
for
the
launch.
Top
government
officials
were
ready
to
appear
on
the
national
television
and
take
the
credit
for
another
safe
flight.
As
a
result,
with
their
minds
absolutely
closed
to
the
facts
presented
by
the
engineers,
NASA
officials
ordered
the
Challenger
to
take
off.
Seventy-three
seconds
later,
the
spacecraft
was
enveloped
in
flame.
Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.
In
2003,
the
space
shuttle
Columbia
broke
apart
while
re-entering
the
earth’s
atmosphere,
killing
another
crew
of
seven.
During
the
shuttle’s
liftoff,
a
piece
of
foam
insulation(泡沫隔热材料)
had
broken
off,
hitting
the
shuttle's
wing
at
five
hundred
miles
per
hour.
Lower-level
engineers
at
NASA
begged
for
photographs
of
the
Columbia
in
orbit,
which
might
have
shown
the
extent
of
the
damage,
but
their
closed-minded
superiors
ignored
their
requests.
It
was
the
damage
caused
by
the
1.7
pound
chunk
of
insulation
that
doomed
the
Columbia.
There
is
no
virtue
in
ignoring
contradictory
facts
and
“sticking
to
your
guns”
when
the
course
taken
shows
all
the
signs
of
being
the
wrong
one.
Closed
minds
are
especially
noticeable
in
political
campaigns
and
debates.
Many
people
line
up
to
support
one
candidate
or
another
and
won’t
listen
to
any
facts
presented
by
the
opposing
candidate.
All
those
with
an
open
mind
say
is
this:
“I
don’t
know
everything,
so
I’d
better
keep
my
mind,
eyes,
and
ears
open
to
any
new
facts
that
may
come
along.”
The
world
would
be
a
much
better
and
safer
place
if
everyone
had
this
attitude.
1.
Which
of
the
following
brought
about
the
disastrous
launch
of
the
Challenger?
A.
Its
crew
B.
The
engineers
C.
The
fuel
tanks’
seals
D.
The
size
of
its
rocket
2.
When
the
engineers
appealed
to
stop
the
launch
of
the
Challenger,
the
government
officials
___________.
A.
postponed
the
flight
at
once.
B.
made
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems.
C.
announced
the
news
on
national
television.
D.
ordered
to
launch
the
Challenger
as
scheduled.
3.
What
could
be
inferred
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
The
Columbia
disaster
was
impossible
to
foresee.
B.
Engineers
were
to
blame
for
the
Columbia’s
explosion.
C.
The
Columbia
disaster
could
have
been
avoided.
D.
The
Columbia
was
deliberately
damaged.
4.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“sticking
to
your
guns”
in
Paragraph
4
mean?
A.
Holding
firm
to
your
own
opinion.
B.
Remaining
and
firing
your
gun
at
enemies.
C.
Strengthening
your
status.
D.
Keeping
an
open
mind.
5.
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
inform
readers
about
what
an
open
mind
is.
B.
To
entertain
readers
with
two
stories
of
tragedies
in
space.
C.
To
persuade
readers
to
keep
an
open
mind.
D.
To
criticize
what
NASA
officials
had
done
in
aerospace
history.
6.
How
does
the
author
support
the
argument
of
the
passage?
A.
By
stating
arguments.
B.
By
giving
examples.
C.
By
explaining
statistical
data.
D.
By
providing
research
result.
【答案】CDCACB
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是封闭的人，不考虑任何矛盾的事实，坚决地、严守秘密地按照计划行事，全速前进。文中用1986年“挑战者”号航天飞机遇难以及2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体来说明这种观点带来的严重后果，并呼吁人们大家对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“?They
explained
that
some
of
the
seals
on
the
fuel
tanks
were
not
designed
to
withstand
such
low
temperatures
and
might
leak
under
pressure,
thus
endangering
the
craft
and
crew.”
他们解释说，燃料箱上的一些密封装置不能承受如此低的温度，在压力下可能会泄漏，从而危及飞船和船员。可知是油箱密封造成了挑战者号的灾难。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As
a
result,
with
their
minds
absolutely
closed
to
the
facts
presented
by
the
engineers,
NASA
officials
ordered
the
Challenger
to
take
off.
Seventy-three
seconds
later,
the
spacecraft
was
enveloped
in
flame.”
结果，NASA的官员们完全不考虑工程师们提供的事实，命令挑战者号起飞。73秒后，宇宙飞船被火焰包围。可知是政府官员命令挑战者号如期发射。故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.?”
令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。和本段的“Lower-level
engineers
at
NASA
begged
for
photographs
of
the
Columbia
in
orbit,
which
might
have
shown
the
extent
of
the
damage,
but
their
closed-minded
superiors
ignored
their
requests.
It
was
the
damage
caused
by
the
1.7
pound
chunk
of
insulation
that
doomed
the
Columbia.”
NASA的低层工程师们要求获得哥伦比亚号在轨道上的照片，这样可以显示损坏的程度，但他们头脑封闭的上级忽略了他们的要求。正是这块1.7磅重的绝缘材料造成的损坏导致了哥伦比亚号的失事。可知同样是头脑封闭的上级忽略了低层工程师的要求，即如果上级对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，本次事故本可以避免。故选C项。
4.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“when
the
course
taken
shows
all
the
signs
of
being
the
wrong
one.”当所采取的路线显示出所有错误的迹象时；以及上句“There
is
no
virtue
in
ignoring
contradictory
facts?”忽视相互矛盾的事实是没有好处的，划线部分和本句由and并列，故应和“忽视相互矛盾的事实”意义相近，故A项（固执己见）符合题意，故选A项。
5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All
those
with
an
open
mind
say
is
this:
“I
don’t
know
everything,
so
I’d
better
keep
my
mind,
eyes,
and
ears
open
to
any
new
facts
that
may
come
along.”
The
world
would
be
a
much
better
and
safer
place
if
everyone
had
this
attitude.”所有心态开放的人都会说：我不是什么都知道，所以我最好保持我的头脑，眼睛和耳朵开放，以接受任何可能出现的新事实。如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。故文章主要是说服读者要保持开放的心态。故选C项。
6.推理判断题。通读文章第一段“As
an
illustration,
consider
the
situation
in
1986,
prior
to
the
space
shuttle
Challenger’s
disastrous
launch
that
killed
all
seven
astronauts
aboard,
there
was
a
heated
telephone
debate
between
two
engineers
from
the
company
that
produced
the
shuttle
booster
rockets
and
the
top
officials
of
NASA
(the
federal
government
s
space
agency).”作为一个例子,考虑这种情况，1986年代“挑战者”号航天飞机发射前,机上七名宇航员全部遇难,有两个工程师之间的争论激烈的电话产生助推火箭和航天飞机的公司的高层官员NASA(联邦政府年代航天局)。以及文章的第三段“Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.
In
2003,
the
space
shuttle
Columbia
broke
apart
while
re-entering
the
earth
s
atmosphere,
killing
another
crew
of
seven.”令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体，造成另外7名机组人员死亡。可知文章是通过举例支持文章的论点。故选B项。
（2021·和平区三模·阅读理解B篇）
Recently,
I
was
talking
with
a
friend
of
mine
about
a
mutual
(有相同关系的)
friend
of
ours.
"I
wish
I
could
be
like
Jenny.
She
always
seems
so
happy.
I'm
mot
joking;
I
honestly
think
she
has
the
perfect
life,"
said
my
friend.
If
you
were
to
look
at
the
Instagram
account
of
Jenny,
you
would
indeed
see
what
looks
like
the
perfect
life.
However,
despite
the
enviable
content
of
her
Instagram,
I
learned
through
conversations
with
this
girl
that
it
was.
all
carefully
handled.
Everything
was
put
together
to
maintain
the
public
image
that
she
was
a
happy-go-lucky,
carefree
(无忧无虑的)
girl.
When
she
was
sad
or
upset,
there
was
no
indication
of
these
emotions
on
her
Instagram.
In
fact,
we
all
choose
our
online
media
presence.
Look
through
your
Instagram
—
I
bet
that
you
don't
post
pictures
where
you
don't
feel
camera-ready.
On
Instagram,
we
always
show
our
“good
side”.
Think
about
it.
Would
you
rather
post
“I
tried
so
hard
but
I
ended
up
failing
my
test55
or
“I
treated
myself
to
a
hot
coffee
after
studying
hard
all
week”?
We
all
want
to
present
the
best
parts
of
our
lives,
to
show
what's
going
well,
and
what
we're
proud
of.
We
take
photos
of
the
nice
things
we
own,
or
of
any
sorts
of
events
considered
“special”,
such
as
invite-only
or
formal
parties.
We
post
photos
of
the
good
times
rather
than
the
bad
times.
No
matter
what
happens,
we
try
to
make
our
online
image
perfect.
There's
absolutely
nothing
wrong
with
making
your
online
presence
perfect-everyone'
does
it
in
some
way
or
another.
However,
when
it
comes
to
feeling
envious
of
someone
else's
Instagram
posts,
remember
that
just
like
you,
they're
showing
their
good
side.
1.
What's
Jenny's
life
like
indeed?
A.
Her
life
is
always
full
of
sadness.
B.
Her
life
is
boring
and
meaningless.
C.
She
lives
a
perfect
and
meaningful
life.
D.
She
lives
an
ordinary
life
just
like
others'.
2.
What
does
the
author
consider
common?
A.
That
people
love
reading
posts
online.
B.
That
people
hide
their
bad
side
online.
C.
That
people
want
to
please
others
online.
D.
That
people
dream
of
living
a
perfect
life.
3.
Which
of
the
following
statements
would
the
author
agree
with?
A.
We
should
stop
reading
online
stories.
B.
We
should
always
show
our
good
side.
C.
We
shouldn't
perfect
our
online
image.
D.
We
shouldn't
envy
others'
online
presence.
4.
What
does
the
author
think
of
the
make-up
perfect
life
online?
A.
There
is
nothing
wrong
to
cheat
people
online.
B.
Showing
good
side
online
is
quite
vital
in
daily
life.
C.
It
is
rather
natural
for
people
to
make
perfect
online
presence.
D.
Feeling
envious
of
someone\
perfect
life
online
should
be
encouraged.
5.
Where
is
the
text
mast
probably
taken
from?
A.
A
professor's
speech.
B.
A
survey
of
people's
life.
C.
A
personal
online
account.
D.
An
entertainment
magazine.
【答案】DBDCB
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了当今大家的朋友圈都只发自己好的一面，人们没必要羡慕别人朋友圈的生活，因为这些朋友圈都是刻意完美化的。
1.推理判断题。根据第三段中“However,
despite
the
perfect
content
of
her
Wechat，I
learned
through
a
conversation
with
this
girl
that
it
was
all
carefully
handled.
(然而，尽管她的朋友圈很完美，但我通过与这个女孩的交谈得知，这一切都是经过精心效处理的)”以及
“When
she
was
sad
or
upset,
there
was
no
indication
of
these
emotions
on
her
Instagram.
(当她伤心或难过时，她的Instagram没有这些情绪的证据)”可知，Jenny真实生活里有喜也有悲，是平平淡淡普通的生活。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Look
through
your
Instagram
—
I
bet
that
you
don't
post
pictures
where
you
don't
feel
camera-ready.
On
Instagram,
we
always
show
our
“good
side”.(看看你的Instagram——我打赌你不会在感觉不适合拍照的地方发照片。在Instagram上，我们总是展示我们“好的一面”)”可知，作者认为人们在网上都把自己糟糕的一面隐藏了。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据最后—段中“However,
when
it
comes
to
feeling
envious
of
someone
else's
Instagram
posts,
remember
that
just
like
you,
they're
showing
their
good
side.
(但是当要羡慕别人的Instagram时，请记住，就像你—样，他们也只表现出了自己的好—面)”可知，作者认为我们没必要羡慕别人在网上表现出来的样子。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“There's
absolutely
nothing
wrong
with
making
your
online
presence
perfect-everyone'
does
it
in
some
way
or
another(让你的网络形象完美绝对没有错，每个人都会以某种方式做到这一点).”可知，作者认为在网上表现完美是没有错的，是自然的。故选C。
5.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We
all
want
to
present
the
best
parts
of
our
lives,
to
show
what's
going
well,
and
what
we're
proud
of.
(我们每个人都想表现出生命中最美好的时光，展示我们引以为傲的事物)”及最后一段中“However,
when
it
comes
to
feeling
envious
of
someone
else's
Instagram
posts,
remember
that
just
like
you,
they're
showing
their
good
side.
(但是当要羡慕别人的Instagram时，请记住，就像你—样，他们也只表现出了自己的好—面)”并结合全文理解可知，这篇文章主要论述了当今大家的朋友圈都只发自己好的一面，人们没必要羡慕别人朋友圈的生活，因为这些朋友圈都是刻意完美化的。因此这篇文章最有可能是从关于人们生活的调查中取材的。故选B。
（2021·和平区三模·阅读理解D篇）
Last
week,
my
younger
brother
visited
me
for
five
days,
To
ensure
I
could
spend
as
much
time
with
him
as
possible,
I
worked
extra
hard
during
the
weekend
before
he
arrived.
It
amazed
me
how
much
I
could
accomplish
when
I
had
a
strong
motivation
to
be
efficient
During
the
week,
I
put
in
a
couple
of
hours
in
the
mornings
to
handle
pressing
issues
and
then
spent
the
afternoons
and
evenings
going
out
with
him.
Once
again,
I
was
surprised
to
realize
just
how
much
free
time
was
available
to
me
if
I
consciously
chose
to
be
more
effective
while
working.
This
made
me
think
of
Parkinson's
Law:
Work
expands
to
fill
the
time
available
for
its
completion.
I
realized
then
that
I'd
given
myself
more
time
than
necessary
for
work,
and
as
a
result,
I
ended
up
spending
lot
of
toe
procrastinating
（拖延）and
entertaining
myself
online.
How
might
things
change
for
me,
I
wondered,
it
I
chose
to
commit
to
more
social
and
recreational
（休闲娱乐）activities,
made
them
priorities(优先事项）and
was
motivated
to
finish
work
quicker?
I
realize
not
everyone
has
flexibility
in
their
work
schedules,
but
1
believe
we
could
all
create
more
time
for
ourselves
if
we
were
motivated
to
cut
out
the
choices
that
don't
match
our
strongest
desires
and
intentions.
Maybe
It's
zoning
out
in
front
of
the
TV
or
searching
the
web.
If
there's
one
thing
that's
consumed
my
time
the
most,
it's
researching
how
I
actually
want
to
spend
it.
I
believe
what
English
musician
John
Lennon
said
is
true:
Time
that
you
enjoyed
wasting
was
not
wasted.
I
don't
think
there's
anything
wrong
with
using
technology
if
We've
consciously
chosen
to
do
it.
However,
we
owe
it
to
ourselves
to
get
out
in
the
world
and
explore
different
possibilities
-to
be
playful
curious,
engaged
and
just
to
be.
Perhaps
it
would
be
easier
to
do
that
if
we
asked
ourselves:
How
can
I
be
more
effective?
Can
I
minimize
what
I
am
currently
doing?
How
can
I
start
using
the
time
I've
created
in
a
way
that
will
excite
and
inspire
me?
1.
How
did
the
author
feel
when
she
finished
her
work
in
advance?
A.
Guilty.
B.
Exhausted.
C.
Stressed.
D.
Surprised.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“this”
in
paragraph
2
refer
to?
A.
The
change
in
her
work
efficiency.
B.
Ways
of
dealing
with
pressing
issues.
C.
Her
working
motivation
to
be
different
D.
The
time
spent
with
her
younger
brother.
3.
What
does
the
author
advise
us
to
do
to
make
more
time
for
ourselves?
A.
Commit
to
more
personal
activities.
B.
Get
your
priorities
right
with
your
work.
C.
Create
a
tight
work
schedule
for
ourselves.
D.
Ddn’t
waste
time
on
technology
for
any
reason.
4
What
is
the
author's
main
purpose
in
writing
this
article?
A.
To
explain
what
Parkinson's
Law
is.
B.
To
reflect
on
better
time
management.
C.
To
introduce
how
to
balance
work
and
life.
D.
To
show
the
importance
of
accompanying
family
members.
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Creating
More
Time.
B.
Living
Life
to
the
Fullest
C.
Skills
for
Doing
Work
Effectively
D.
Relationship
Influences
Work
Performance
【答案】DABBC
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中作者结合自身经历，意识到当自己强烈渴望提高效率时，往往可以在很短的时间内完成许多事情，从而引发了作者对于如何更有效地进行时间管理的反思。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段“It
amazed
me
how
much
I
could
accomplish
when
I
had
a
strong
motivation
to
be
efficient.(当我有强烈的动力去提高效率的时候，我能完成那么多的事情让我感到惊讶)”以及
“Once
again,
I
was
surprised
to
realize
just
how
much
free
time
was
available
to
me
if
I
consciously
chose
to
be
more
effective
while
working.(我再一次惊讶地意识到，如果我有意识地选择在工作时更有效率，那我能有更多空闲时间)”可知，作者对于自己能在更短的时间内完成工作感到惊奇，故选D。
2.词句猜测题。上文“Once
again,
I
was
surprised
to
realize
just
how
much
free
time
was
available
to
me
if
I
consciously
chose
to
be
more
effective
while
working.”说明，我再一次惊讶地意识到，如果我有意识地选择在工作时更有效率，那我能有更多空闲时间，this指代上文提到的事情，结合划线句“This
made
me
think
of
Parkinson's
Law:
Work
expands
to
fill
the
time
available
for
its
completion.(
(这让我想到了帕金森氏定律：工作的扩展是为了填满完成工作所需的时间))”可推断，作者工作效率的变化让她想到了帕金森定律。this指代“工作效率的改变”，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“I
realize
not
everyone
has
flexible
work
schedules,
but
I
believe
we
could
all
create
more
time
for
ourselves
if
we
were
motivated
to
cut
out
the
choices
that
don't
match
our
strongest
desires
and
intentions.(我知道不是每个人都有灵活的工作时间，但我相信，如果我们有动力放弃那些不符合我们最强烈愿望和意图的选择，我们都可以为自己创造更多的时间)”可知，作者建议我们专注于最重要的任务，忽略不重要的事情，来为自己腾出更多的时间。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps
it
would
be
easier
to
do
that
if
we
asked
ourselves:
How
can
I
be
more
effective?
Can
I
minimize
what
I
am
currently
doing?
How
can
I
start
using
the
time
I've
created
in
a
way
that
will
excite
and
inspire
me?(也许，如果我们扪心自问：我怎样才能更有效率？我能把我正在做的事情最小化吗？我怎样开始利用我所创造的时间，让我感到兴奋和鼓舞？)”结合文中作者结合自身经历，意识到当自己强烈渴望提高效率时，往往可以在很短的时间内完成许多事情，从而引发了作者对于如何更有效地进行时间管理的反思。可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是反思更好的时间管理。故选B。
5.主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段的“I
believe
what
English
musician
John
Lennon
said
is
true:
Time
that
you
enjoyed
wasting
was
not
wasted.(
我相信英国音乐家约翰·列农说的是真的：你喜欢浪费的时间并没有浪费)”以及最后一段的“Perhaps
it
would
be
easier
to
do
that
if
we
asked
ourselves:
How
can
I
be
more
effective?
Can
I
minimize
what
I
am
currently
doing?
How
can
I
start
using
the
time
I've
created
in
a
way
that
will
excite
and
inspire
me?(也许，如果我们扪心自问：我怎样才能更有效率？我能把我正在做的事情最小化吗？我怎样开始利用我所创造的时间，让我感到兴奋和鼓舞？)”结合文章讲述的作者的自身经历，可知，文章主要讲述了作者意识到当自己强烈渴望提高效率时，往往可以在很短的时间内完成许多事情，这引发了作者对于如何更有效地进行时间管理的反思。因此推断C项“Skills
for
Doing
Work
Effectively（有效地开展工作的技能）”为最佳标题。故选C。
（2021·北大附中三模·阅读理解D篇）
In
1953,
when
visiting
his
daughter’s
maths
class,
the
Harvard
psychologist
B.F.
Skinner
found
every
pupil
learning
the
same
topic
in
the
same
way
at
the
same
speed.
Later,
he
built
his
first
“teaching
machine”,
which
let
children
tackle
questions
at
their
own
pace.
Since
then,
education
technology
(edtech)
has
repeated
the
cycle
of
hype
and
flop
(炒作和失败),
even
as
computers
have
reshaped
almost
every
other
part
of
life.
Softwares
to
“personalize”
learning
can
help
hundreds
of
millions
of
children
stuck
in
miserable
classes—but
only
if
edtech
supporters
can
resist
the
temptation
to
revive
harmful
ideas
about
how
children
learn.
Alternatives
have
so
far
failed
to
teach
so
many
children
as
efficiently
as
the
conventional
model
of
schooling,
where
classrooms,
hierarchical
year-groups,
standardized
curriculums
and
fixed
timetables
are
still
the
typical
pattern
for
most
of
the
world’s
nearly
1.5
billion
schoolchildren.
Under
this
pattern,
too
many
do
not
reach
their
potential.
That
condition
remained
almost
unchanged
over
the
past
15
years,
though
billions
have
been
spent
on
IT
in
schools
during
that
period.
What
really
matters
then?
The
answer
is
how
edtech
is
used.
One
way
it
can
help
is
through
tailor-made
instruction.
Reformers
think
edtech
can
put
individual
attention
within
reach
of
all
pupils.
The
other
way
edtech
can
aid
learning
is
by
making
schools
more
productive.
In
California
schools,
instead
of
textbooks,
pupils
have
“playlists”,
which
they
use
to
access
online
lessons
and
take
tests.
The
software
assesses
children’s
progress,
lightening
teachers’
marking
load
and
allowing
them
to
focus
on
other
tasks.
A
study
suggested
that
children
in
early
adopters
of
this
model
score
better
in
tests
than
their
peers
at
other
schools.
Such
innovation
is
welcome.
But
making
the
best
of
edtech
means
getting
several
things
right.
First,
“personalized
learning”
must
follow
the
evidence
on
how
children
learn.
It
must
not
be
an
excuse
to
revive
pseudoscientific
ideas
such
as
“learning
styles”:
the
theory
that
each
child
has
a
particular
way
of
taking
in
information.
This
theory
gave
rise
to
government-sponsored
schemes
like
Brain
Gym,
which
claimed
that
some
pupils
should
stretch
or
bend
while
doing
sums.
A
less
consequential
falsehood
is
that
technology
means
children
do
not
need
to
learn
facts
or
learn
from
a
teacher—instead
they
can
just
use
Google.
Some
educationalists
go
further,
arguing
that
facts
get
in
the
way
of
skills
such
as
creativity.
Actually,
the
opposite
is
true.
According
to
studies,
most
effective
ways
of
boosting
learning
nearly
all
relied
on
the
craft
of
a
teacher.
Second,
edtech
must
narrow,
rather
than
widen,
inequalities
in
education.
Here
there
are
grounds
for
optimism.
Some
of
the
pioneering
schools
are
private
ones
in
Silicon
Valley.
But
many
more
are
run
by
charter-school
groups
teaching
mostly
poor
pupils,
where
laggards
(成绩落后者)
make
the
most
progress
relative
to
their
peers
in
normal
classes.
A
similar
pattern
can
be
observed
outside
America.
Third,
the
potential
for
edtech
will
be
realized
only
if
teachers
embrace
it.
They
are
right
to
ask
for
evidence
that
products
work.
But
skepticism
should
not
turn
into
irrational
opposition.
Given
what
edtech
promises
today,
closed-mindedness
has
no
place
in
the
classroom.
1.
According
to
the
passage,
education
technology
can
________.
A.
decrease
teachers’
working
load
B.
facilitate
personalized
learning
C
help
standardize
curriculums
D.
be
loved
by
schoolchildren
2.
Which
example
best
argues
against
the
underlined
sentence
in
Para.
4?
A.
The
students
who
are
better
at
memorization
tend
to
be
less
creative.
B.
Schools
with
bans
on
phones
have
better
results
than
high-tech
ones.
C.
Shakespeare
was
trained
in
grammar
but
he
penned
many
great
plays.
D.
Lu
Xun’s
creativity
was
unlocked
after
he
gave
up
studying
medicine.
3.
The
author
believes
that
edtech
functions
well
only
when
it
is
________.
A.
at
the
service
of
teaching
B.
limited
in
use
among
pupils
C.
aimed
at
narrowing
the
wealth
gap
D.
in
line
with
students’
learning
styles
4.
What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
stress
the
importance
of
edtech.
B.
To
introduce
the
application
of
edtech.
C.
To
discuss
how
to
get
the
best
out
of
edtech.
D.
To
appeal
for
more
open-mindedness
to
edtech.
【答案】BCCC
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但如何使用edtech（教育科技）是个问题，文章就如何充分利用edtech展开了讨论。
1.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Later,
he
built
his
first
“teaching
machine”,
which
let
children
tackle
questions
at
their
own
pace.
(后来，他建造了第一台“教学机器”，让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题。)”和第二段中的“Softwares
to
“personalize”
learning
can
help
hundreds
of
millions
of
children
stuck
in
miserable
classes—but
only
if
edtech
supporters
can
resist
the
temptation
to
revive
harmful
ideas
about
how
children
learn.
(“个性化”学习软件可以帮助数以亿计陷入悲惨课堂的孩子，但前提是edtech的支持者能够抵制住重新唤起关于孩子如何学习的有害想法的诱惑。)”可知，教育技术（edtech）可以让孩子们按照自己的节奏解决问题，促进个性化学习。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。由第四段中的“A
less
consequential
falsehood
is
that
technology
means
children
do
not
need
to
learn
facts
or
learn
from
a
teacher—instead
they
can
just
use
Google.
Some
educationalists
go
further,
arguing
that
facts
get
in
the
way
of
skills
such
as
creativity.
Actually,
the
opposite
is
true.
According
to
studies,
most
effective
ways
of
boosting
learning
nearly
all
relied
on
the
craft
of
a
teacher.
(一个不那么重要的谬误是，科技意味着孩子们不需要学习事实或向老师学习，相反，他们可以直接使用谷歌。一些教育家更进一步，认为事实妨碍了诸如创造力之类的技能。事实上，恰恰相反。根据研究，促进学习的最有效方法几乎都依赖于教师的技能。)”可知，一些教育家认为学习事实或向老师学习会妨碍创造力，但研究表明，学习事实或向老师学习技能有助于促进学习，C项“莎士比亚受过语法训练，但他写了许多伟大的戏剧”体现了事实技能学习并不会妨碍创造力。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Second,
edtech
must
narrow,
rather
than
widen,
inequalities
in
education.
Here
there
are
grounds
for
optimism.
Some
of
the
pioneering
schools
are
private
ones
in
Silicon
Valley.
But
many
more
are
run
by
charter-school
groups
teaching
mostly
poor
pupils,
where
laggards
(成绩落后者)
make
the
most
progress
relative
to
their
peers
in
normal
classes.
(其次，edtech必须缩小而不是扩大教育不平等。这里有乐观的理由。一些开创性的学校是硅谷的私立学校。但更多的学校是由特许学校组织的，主要教授贫困学生，在这些学校里，相对于普通班的同龄人，落后学生取得的进步最大。)”可知，有贵族式私立学校，也有教授贫困学生的普通学校，因此作者认为edtech要有用，就需要edtech缩小教育上的贫富差距。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。第一段用哈佛心理学家B.F.
Skinner的故事引入“教育技术（edtech）”，第二段讲“教育技术（edtech）能促进个性化学习，但效果不如传统的学校教育模式那样有效地教育那么多的儿童”，第三段讲“如何使用edtech的方法——通过量身定做的指导学习”，第四段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第一、个性化学习必须遵循儿童如何学习的证据”，第五段讲“如何充分利用edtech——第二、缩小教育上的贫富差距”，最后一段讲“如何充分利用edtech——只有教师接受教育技术，教育技术的潜力才能实现”，可知文章主要就edtech展开讨论，讨论了如何充分利用edtech。故选C项。