2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编之专题17 ：阅读理解 七选五（word版附答案、解析）

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专题17
阅读理解说明类
七选五
I、2021年高考真题
（2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解·七选五）
Swap,
Don’t
shop!
You
keep
hearing
about
recycling,
right?
But
it
doesn't
end
with
bottles,
cans,
and
paper.
Clothing
takes
a
huge
amount
of
natural
resources（资源）to
make,
and
buying
loads
of
new
clothing（or
throwing
out
old
clothing）is
not
healthy
for
the
environment.
So
what
to
do
with
all
those
perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes
piled
on
your
bedroom
floor?
____16____.
It's
the
best
way
to
get
rid
of
your
used
clothes,
score
clothes
from
your
friends,
and
have
a
party
all
at
the
same
time.
A
successful
swap
depends
on
the
selection
of
clothes,
the
organization
of
the
event,
and,
obviously,
how
much
fun
is
had.
It's
really
easy
to
do!
Here
are
a
few
pointers.
●Invite
5—10
people
so
you
have
a
nice
selection.
____17____
,
and
there
may
not
be
enough
things
to
choose
from;
more
than
that,
and
it
becomes
uncontrollable.
●____18____.
They
should
also
prepare
plenty
of
reusable
bags
to
carry
their
"new"
clothes
home.
●Put
different
types
of
clothing
on
different
surfaces
in
the
room.____19____.
Place
a
few
mirrors
around
your
room
so
people
can
see
how
things
look
when
they
try
them
on.
One
of
the
ground
rules
of
the
swap
should
be
that
everyone
must
try
on
the
clothes
before
they
take
them—things
always
look
different
when
you
put
them
on.
●Set
a
starting
time.
Maybe
you
say
“go,”
or
turn
on
a
certain
song,
or
whatever.
____20____.
And
don't
forget
to
put
out
some
cookies
and
fruits.
Remember,
it's
a
party!
A
Less
people
than
that
B.
Hold
a
clothing
swap
C.
If
two
people
are
competing
D.
Just
keep
music
playing
throughout
E.
Donate
whatever
clothes
are
left
over
F.
Have
everyone
put
their
clothes
in
the
right
spots
G.
Tell
everyone
to
bring
clean
clothes
in
good
condition
【答案】
16.
B
17.
A
18.
G
19.
F
20.
D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。
16.根据上文“So
what
to
do
with
all
those
perfectly-
good-but-you
're-
maybe-little-sick-of-them
clothes
piled
on
your
bedroom
floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's
the
best
way
to
get
rid
of
your
used
clothes,
score
clothes
from
your
friends,
and
have
a
party
all
at
the
same
time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold
a
clothing
swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
17.根据上文“Invite
5-10
people
so
you
have
a
nice
selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and
there
may
not
be
enough
things
to
choose
from;
more
than
that,
and
it
becomes
uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more
than
that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less
people
than
that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more
than
that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
18.根据下文“They
should
also
prepare
plenty
of
reusable
bags
to
carry
their
“new”
clothes
home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell
everyone
to
bring
clean
clothes
in
good
condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。
19.根据上文“Put
different
types
of
clothing
on
different
surfaces
in
the
room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place
a
few
mirrors
around
your
room
so
people
can
see
how
things
look
when
they
try
them
on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have
everyone
put
their
clothes
in
the
right
spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
20.上文“Set
a
starting
time.
Maybe
you
say
“go,”
or
turn
on
a
certain
song,
or
whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And
don't
forget
to
put
out
some
cookies
and
fruits.
Remember,
it's
a
party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just
keep
music
playing
throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
（2021·全国乙卷·七选五）
According
to
Jessica
Hagy,
author
of
How
to
Be
Interesting,
it’s
not
difficult
to
make
yourself
interesting
at
a
dinner
party.
___36___,
if
you’re
out
of
your
comfort
zone
or
if
you’re
wandering
into
somebody’s
house
for
the
first
time.
So
the
main
thing
is
just
to
show
up
and
be
adventurous,
trying
different
foods
and
talking
to
strangers.
People
love
to
talk
about
themselves.
If
you
can
start
the
conversation
with
a
question
other
than
“What
do
you
do
for
a
living?”,
you’ll
be
able
to
get
a
lot
more
interesting
conversation
out
of
whomever
it
is
you’re
talking
to.
___37___,
it
can
bring
in
“I
have
this
old,
broken-down
vehicle”
or
“I
rode
the
bus
with
these
crazy
people
who
were
laughing
at
silly
jokes
in
the
back.”
It
just
opens
up
conversation.
___38___?
If
you
can’t
take
their
wine
away,
you
should
certainly
try
to
take
away
their
soapbox
（讲台）.
If
you’re
the
host,
you
can
ask
them
to
help
you
in
the
kitchen
with
something
and
just
remove
them
from
the
situation.___39___.
And
what
about
that
other
dinner-party
killer:
awkward
silence?
If
you’re
faced
with
an
awkward
silence
at
a
dinner
party,
the
only
thing
that
always
gets
everyone
talking
again
is
to
give
the
host
a
compliment（赞扬）.
___40___.
Just
quickly
turn
around
and
say,
“This
cake
is
extremely
delicious
and
you
have
to
tell
me
all
about
it.”
So
being
interesting
at
a
dinner
party
isn’t
that
hard.
A.
How
do
you
know
the
host
B.
The
first
step
is
to
go
exploring
C.
If
you
ask
the
question
“How
did
you
get
here?”
D.
Be
prepared
to
have
awkward
conversations
with
strangers
E.
Or
turn
the
conversation
into
a
topic
where
they
have
little
to
say
F.
What
about
that
person
who
had
too
much
to
drink
or
won’t
stop
talking
G.
He
or
she
is
the
person
who
is
feeling
the
weight
of
that
awkwardness
the
most
【答案】
36.
B
37.
C
38.
F
39.
E
40.
G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
36.根据上文“it’s
not
difficult
to
make
yourself
interesting
at
a
dinner
party
(在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So
the
main
thing
is
just
to
show
up
and
be
adventurous,
trying
different
foods
and
talking
to
strangers.
(所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The
first
step
is
to
go
exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
37.根据下文“it
can
bring
in
“I
have
this
old,
broken-down
vehicle”
or
“I
rode
the
bus
with
these
crazy
people
who
were
laughing
at
silly
jokes
in
the
back.”
It
just
opens
up
conversation.
(它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If
you
ask
the
question
“How
did
you
get
here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。
38.根据下文“If
you
can’t
take
their
wine
away,
you
should
certainly
try
to
take
away
their
soapbox.
If
you’re
the
host,
you
can
ask
them
to
help
you
in
the
kitchen
with
something
and
just
remove
them
from
the
situation.
(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What
about
the
person
who
has
had
too
much
to
drink
or
won’t
stop
talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
39.根据上文“If
you
can’t
take
their
wine
away,
you
should
certainly
try
to
take
away
their
soapbox
(讲台).
If
you’re
the
host,
you
can
ask
them
to
help
you
in
the
kitchen
with
something
and
just
remove
them
from
the
situation.
(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or
turn
the
conversation
into
a
topic
where
they
have
little
to
say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
40.根据上文“If
you’re
faced
with
an
awkward
silence
at
a
dinner
party,
the
only
thing
that
always
gets
everyone
talking
again
is
to
give
the
host
a
compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This
cake
is
extremely
delicious
and
you
have
to
tell
me
all
about
it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He
or
she
is
the
person
who
is
feeling
the
weight
of
that
awkwardness
the
most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项
（2021·新高考I卷·七选五）
My
husband
and
I
just
spent
a
week
in
Paris.____36____So
the
first
thing
we
did
was
rent
a
fantastically
expensive
sixth-floor
apartment
the
size
of
a
cupboard.
It
was
so
tiny
that
we
had
to
leave
our
suitcases
in
the
hallway.
The
place
wasn’t
entirely
authentic,
though.
Unlike
a
normal
Parisian
apartment,
the
plumbing
(
水
管
)
worked.
____37____Our
building
even
had
a
tiny
lift
with
a
female
voice
that
said,
“Ouverture
des
portes,”
in
perfect
French.
That
is
the
only
French
phrase
I
mastered,
and
it’s
a
shame
I
don’t
have
much
use
for
it.
Parisians
are
different
from
you
and
me.
They
never
look
lazy
or
untidy.
As
someone
noted
in
this
paper
a
couple
of
weeks
ago,
they
eat
great
food
and
never
gain
weight.
____38____
French
strawberries
do
not
taste
like
cardboard.
Instead,
they
explode
in
your
mouth
like
little
flavor
bombs.
____39____
On
our
first
morning
in
Paris,
I
went
around
the
corner
to
the
food
market
to
pick
up
some
groceries.
I
bought
a
handful
of
perfectly
ripe
small
strawberries
and
a
little
sweet
melon.
My
husband
and
I
agreed
they
were
the
best
fruit
we
had
ever
eaten.
But
they
cost
$18!
In
France,
quality
of
life
is
much
more
important
than
efficiency.
You
can
tell
this
by
cafés
life.
French
cafés
are
always
crowded.____40____When
do
these
people
work?
The
French
take
their
35-hour
workweek
seriously
—
so
seriously
that
some
labor
unions
recently
struck
a
deal
with
a
group
of
companies
limiting
the
number
of
hours
that
independent
contractors
can
be
on
call.
A.
Not
all
the
customers
are
tourists.
B.
The
quality
of
life
in
France
is
equally
excellent.
C.
There
was
a
nice
kitchen
and
a
comfortable
bed.
D.
The
amazing
food
is
mainly
consumed
by
local
farmers.
E.
That’s
not
the
only
reason
the
French
eat
less
than
we
do.
F.
Our
aim
was
to
see
if
we
could
live,
in
some
way,
like
real
Parisians.
G.
The
food
is
so
delicious
that
you
don’t
need
much
of
it
to
make
you
happy.
【答案】
36.
F
37.
C
38.
G
39.
E
40.
A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
36.上文“My
husband
and
I
just
spent
a
week
in
Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So
the
first
thing
we
did
was
rent
a
fantastically
expensive
sixth-floor
apartment
the
size
of
a
cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our
aim
was
to
see
if
we
could
live,
in
some
way,
like
real
Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
37.上文“The
place
wasn’t
entirely
authentic,
though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There
was
a
nice
kitchen
and
a
comfortable
bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
38.上文“...
they
eat
great
food
and
never
gain
weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French
strawberries
do
not
taste
like
cardboard.
Instead,
they
explode
in
your
mouth
like
little
flavor
bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The
food
is
so
delicious
that
you
don’t
need
much
of
it
to
make
you
happy.
(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。
39.第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My
husband
and
I
agreed
they
were
the
best
fruit
we
had
ever
eaten.
But
they
cost
$18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's
not
the
only
reason
the
French
eat
less
than
we
do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
40.根据上文“In
France,
quality
of
life
is
much
more
important
than
efficiency
(效率).
You
can
tell
this
by
cafés
life.
French
cafés
are
always
crowded.
(在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When
do
these
people
work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。
（2021·浙江卷·七选五）
You've
got
mail…and
it's
a
postcard
Paulo
Magalhaes,
a
34-year-old
Portuguese
computer
engineer,
loves
to
open
his
mailbox
and
find
a
brightly
colored
picture
of
Rome's
Colosseum.
Or
Africa's
Victoria
Falls.
Or
China's
Great
Wall.
___11___
"I
often
send
postcards
to
family
and
friends."
he
says
to
China
Daily,
"but
you
can
imagine
that
after
a
while,
you
never
receive
as
many
as
you
send,
and
you
realize
that
not
everyone
is
into
it
___12___
”
Seeking
other
like-minded
souls,
however,
Paulo
started
looking
in
a
somewhat
unlikely
place:
online.
Many
would
say
the
Internet
is
a
place
for
people
who
have
given
up
on
the
traditional
postal
service,
but
Paulo's
hunch（直觉）paid
off.
Today
his
hobby
has
developed
into
the
website
,
a
social
network
that
has
grown
to
575,217
registered
users
in
214
countries
and
regions
since
he
started
it
10
years
ago.
___13___
Running
the
website
has
almost
turned
into
a
full-time
job.
Language
is
certainly
a
harrier
for
many
people.
For
postcrossing
to
work
worldwide,
a
common
communication
language
is
needed
so
that
everyone
can
understand
each
other.
As
cool
as
it
may
be
to
receive
a
postcard
written
in
Chinese,
the
concept
doesn't
work
if
one
doesn't
understand
it.
___14___
So
a
common
language
is
required
and
in
postcrossing
that's
English
since
it's
widely
spoken.
"Many
people
in
China
have
limited
exposure
to
English.
___15___
That
said,
we
know
of
many
postcrossing
members,
including
Chinese,
who
have
actually
improved
their
English
skills
through
their
use
of
postcrossing,"
Paulo
says.
A.
And
that's
totally
fine
B.
That
makes
it
extra
hard
to
learn
and
practice
it
C.
He
likes
to
think
of
sending
postcards
as
a
family-friendly
hobby
D.
Many
love
to
make
a
connection
with
someone
from
across
the
world.
E.
On
August
5,
the
number
of
postcards
exchanged
by
members
topped
31
million.
F.
Similarly,
if
you
speak
only
Chinese,
receiving
a
card
in
Swedish
takes
part
of
the
fun
away.
G.
In
short,
he
loves
postcards,
and
the
excitement
of
getting
a
hand-written
note
from
someone
far
away.
【答案】
11.
G
12.
A
13.
E
14.
F
15.
B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Paulo
Magalhaes创建的过程及其现状。Paulo
Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。
11.上文“Paulo
Magalhaes,
a
34-year-old
Portuguese
computer
engineer,
loves
to
open
his
mailbox
and
find
a
brightly
colored
image
of
Rome's
Colosseum.
Or
Africa's
Victoria
Falls.
Or
China’s
Great
Wall.(
34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo
Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“...
and
you
realize
that
not
everyone
is
into
it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G“In
short,
he
loves
postcards,
and
the
excitement
of
getting
a
scribbled
note
from
someone
far
away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用，总结了上文Paulo喜欢明信片，也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G项。
12.上文““I
often
send
postcards
to
family
and
friends."
he
says
to
China
Daily,
“but
you
can
imagine
that
after
a
while,
you
never
receive
as
many
as
you
send,
and
you
realize
that
not
everyone
is
into
it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片，
”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样。”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，因此他也很坦然接受这个事实，因此选项A“那完全没问题”符合语境。故选A项。
13.上文“Today
his
hobby
has
evolved
into
the
website
,
a
social
network
that
has
grown
to
575,217
registered
users
in
214
countries
and
regions
since
he
launched
it
10
years
ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况，因此符合文意的只有E选项“8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张”是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E项。
14.上文“As
cool
as
it
may
be
to
receive
a
postcard
written
in
Chinese,
the
concept
doesn't
work
if
one
doesn't
understand
it.(收到一张用中文写明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F“Similarly,
if
you
speak
only
Chinese,
receiving
a
card
written
in
Swedish
takes
part
of
the
fun
away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合，符合结论句的语义要求，故选F项。
15.上文“Many
people
in
China
have
limited
exposure
to
English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文“...
who
actually
improved
their
English
skills
through
their
use
of
postcrossing.(他们实际上通过使用明信片来提高他们的英语技能)”可知，写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B
“这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难
”符合语境要求，说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高，因为渠道较少。故选B项。
II、2021年高考模拟试题
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·七选五）
An
American
study
of
10,000
students
found
that
if
you
make
more
friends
than
the
average
person
at
school,
you’ll
receive
a
higher
salary
in
later
life.
People
need
good
social
skills
at
work
to
work
in
a
team
successfully.
___11___
On
average,
teenagers
aged
between
15
and
17
have
500
“friends”
on
their
favorite
social
networking
sites.
Adults
have
130.
So
if
you
believe
this
research,
you
might
be
very
rich.
___12___
Dunbar,
a
professor
from
the
University
of
Oxford,
studied
the
number
of
messages
between
users
of
a
popular
social
networking
website,
each
of
whom
had
between
200
and
2,000
friends.
He
found
that
they
always
communicate
with
a
maximum
of
150
people.
Among
these
150,
around
5
people
are
close
friends.
___13___
They
are
probably
old
friends
and
you
share
all
your
good
and
bad
experiences
with
them.
Then
there
are
10
more
friends.
Although
they’re
close
to
you,
you
may
not
keep
in
touch
with
them
every
week.
Next
there
are
35
people
who
you
might
spend
time
with
because
of
a
shared
interest.
___14___
You
see
or
speak
to
these
people
at
least
once
a
year,
but
you
don’t
know
them
well.
Beyond
this
number,
Dunbar
says,
it’s
impossible
to
make
any
relationship
meaningful.
If
you
have
a
lot
of
online
“friends”,
try
this
experiment:
First
take
away
anyone
you
haven’t
been
in
touch
with
for
a
year.
Then
remove
those
you
cannot
remember
and,
finally,
take
away
friends
who
you
wouldn’t
mind
losing
touch
with.
How
many
have
you
left?
How
many
of
these
people
are
actually
good
friends?
___15___
A.
You
are
not
close
to
them.
B.
And
finally,
there’s
a
large
group
of
100.
C.
You’ve
most
likely
known
them
for
long.
D.
However,
it
probably
won’t
make
any
difference.
E.
These
are
the
same
skills
we
use
to
make
friends
at
school.
F.
They’ve
found
that
having
good
friends
can
help
you
live
longer.
G.
According
to
the
research,
these
are
the
only
people
that
really
matter.
【答案】
11.
E
12.
D
13.
C
14.
B
15.
G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了美国一项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更高。
然而，牛津大学的教授Dunbar研究发现朋友的多少可能不会造成什么不同。
11.根据上文“An
American
study
of
10,000
students
found
that
if
you
make
more
friends
than
the
average
person
at
school,
you’ll
receive
a
higher
salary
in
later
life.
People
need
good
social
skills
at
work
to
work
in
a
team
successfully.”（美国一项针对1万名学生的研究发现，如果你在学校里交的朋友比一般人多，你以后的收入就会更高。
人们在工作中需要良好的社交技巧才能在团队中成功工作）可知美国一项研究表明在学校里交朋友的数量与今后的收入有关，工作中也需要良好的社交技巧。该空承接上文，指出其中的原因，E选项“这些都是我们在学校里用来交朋友的技能”切题，其中，选项中的skills对应上文中的skills，故选E。
12.根据下文“Dunbar,
a
professor
from
the
University
of
Oxford,
studied
the
number
of
messages
between
users
of
a
popular
social
networking
website,
each
of
whom
had
between
200
and
2,000
friends.
He
found
that
they
always
communicate
with
a
maximum
of
150
people.”（Dunbar是牛津大学的教授，他研究了一个流行社交网站用户之间的信息数量，这些用户每个人都有200到2000个朋友。
他发现他们最多只能和150人交流
）可知一项研究表明社交网站用户的朋友的数量似乎没有什么实质性的影响。该空引出下文，D选项“然而，这可能不会有什么不同”切题，故选D。
13.根据上文“Among
these
150,
around
5
people
are
close
friends.”（在这150人中，大约有5人是亲密的朋友）可知这里引出了亲密朋友这个话题。根据下文“They
are
probably
old
friends
and
you
share
all
your
good
and
bad
experiences
with
them.”（他们可能是老朋友，你和他们分享你所有的好和坏的经历）可知这里具体说明了什么样的人称得上是亲密朋友。该空承上启下，也在说明什么样的人称得上是亲密朋友，C选项“你很可能已经认识他们很久了”切题，其中，选项中的“them”指代上文中的close
friends，故选C。
14.根据上文“Then
there
are
10
more
friends.
Although
they’re
close
to
you,
you
may
not
keep
in
touch
with
them
every
week.
Next
there
are
35
people
who
you
might
spend
time
with
because
of
a
shared
interest.”（然后还有10个朋友。
虽然他们和你很亲近，但你可能不会每周都和他们保持联系。
接下来是35个你可能会因为共同的兴趣而与之共度时光的人）可知这里依次列举了不同亲密程度的朋友。该空承接上文，列出其中的一类朋友，B选项“最后，还有一个100人的大团体”切题，其中，选项中的“finally”与上文中的“Then”和“Next”相呼应，故选B。
15.根据上文“If
you
have
a
lot
of
online
“friends”,
try
this
experiment:
First
take
away
anyone
you
haven’t
been
in
touch
with
for
a
year.
Then
remove
those
you
cannot
remember
and,
finally,
take
away
friends
who
you
wouldn’t
mind
losing
touch
with.
How
many
have
you
left?
How
many
of
these
people
are
actually
good
friends?”（如果你在网上有很多“朋友”，那就试着做这样一个实验:首先带走那些一年没联系的朋友。
然后删除那些你不记得的，最后，带走那些你不介意失去联系的朋友。
你还剩多少?
这些人中有多少是真正的好朋友?
）可知这里具体介绍了这个实验的过程，该空承接上文，说明这个试验的结果，G选项“根据研究，这些人才是真正重要的人”切题，其中，选项中的“these”指代上文中“经过层层筛选，剩下的朋友”，故选G。
（2021·成都三诊·七选五）
It
can
be
very
easy
to
stick
with
what
you
know,
instead
of
trying
to
meet
people
who
are
different
from
you.
___16___Here's
what
you
can
do:
Become
self-aware.
___17___This
includes
biases(偏见）about
your
own
cultural
background.
It
can
be
confronting,
but
by
doing
this
you'll
be
able
to
think
about
how
these
traits
might
impact
on
your
approach
to
and
understanding
of
differences.
You
could
try:
Think
about
what
assumptions
you
make
about
your
friends,
peers,
and
people
you
work
with.
Talk
to
someone
from
a
different
cultural
background.
Try
and
get
to
know
someone
from
a
different
cultural
background
better.
___18___You'll
automatically
find
out
more
about
their
life
and
experiences.
Just
being
curious
and
open-minded
can
be
helpful.
Be
more
accepting.
Sometimes,
for
one
reason
or
another,
it's
not
all
that
easy
to
understand
some
cultural
differences.
___19___
In
other
words,
you
don't
have
to
understand,
or
even
agree
with,
someone
in
order
to
accept
them.
___20___
One
of
the
biggest
difficulties
to
overcome
in
understanding
cultural
differences
is
making
judgments
based
on
one
opinion.
You
should
do
some
research
to
actually
learn
about
people,
instead
of
making
broad-brush
assessments.
Stereotyping(模式化）people
from
different
cultural
backgrounds
can
impact
their
quality
of
life
and
opportunities.
A.
Do
your
own
research.
B.
Think
beyond
stereotypes.
C.
Practice
being
sympathetic
towards
people.
D.
Work
out
your
own
beliefs,
values
and
personal
biases.
E.
Instead
of
asking
them
questions
directly,
treat
them
as
friends.
F.
And
the
best
approach
is
to
acknowledge
people
are
different
and
to
accept
that's
okay.
G.
However,
trying
to
understand
people
from
other
countries
can
help
you
experience
more.
【答案】16.
G
17.
D
18.
E
19.
F
20.
B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多，文章对如何理解和接受不同文化背景的人提出了建议。
16.前文“It
can
be
very
easy
to
stick
with
what
you
know,
instead
of
trying
to
meet
people
who
are
different
from
you.”（坚持你所知道的，而不是去结识与你不同的人，这很容易。）和选项G中的“trying
to
understand
people
from
other
countries
can
help
you
experience
more”（试着去了解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多）构成转折关系，对应选项G中的however，所以选项G（然而，试着去理解来自其他国家的人可以帮助你体验更多。）切合文意。故选G。
17.根据后文“This
includes
biases(偏见）about
your
own
cultural
background.”（这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。）和前文“Become
self-aware.”（有自我认知）可知，此处是指对自己的文化背景、偏见等有清醒的认知，并解决它们，所以选项D（解决自己的信念、价值观和个人偏见。）切合文意。故选D。
18.根据前文“Talk
to
someone
from
a
different
cultural
background.”（和来自不同文化背景的人交谈。）可知，此处是讲和来自不同文化背景的人交谈，所以选项E（不要直接问他们问题，把他们当成朋友。）切合文意。故选E。
19.根据前文“Be
more
accepting.”（更加有包容性）可知，此处是讲对于不同要有包容性，所以选项F（最好的方法是承认人们是不同的，并接受这一点。）切合文意。故选F。
20.根据后文“Stereotyping(模式化）people
from
different
cultural
backgrounds
can
impact
their
quality
of
life
and
opportunities.”（对来自不同文化背景的人形成成见会影响他们的生活质量和机会。）可知，此处是指要跳出模式化来思考，所以选项B（超越刻板印象。）切合文意。故选B。
（2021·台州市4月调考·七选五）
What
are
the
things
that
scare
you:
snakes,
spiders
or
fierce
tigers?
Or
maybe
you
have
a
fear
of
heights
or
visiting
the
dentist.
Although
some
of
us
just
get
scared
or
a
bit
nervous
about
these
things,
for
others
it
can
cause
an
unreasonable
reaction
that
can’t
be
controlled-something
we
call
a
phobia
(恐惧症).
___11___
Sometimes
it’s
good
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
dangers
from
things.
Our
brain
warns
us
of
the
risks
that
might
lie
ahead,
but
then
we
often
get
prepared
and
overcome
them.
Clinical
psychologist
Warren
Mansell
told
the
BBC,
“Our
fears
are
rooted
in
our
brains-we
don’t
need
to
learn
to
be
afraid
of
animals
like
snakes
or
spiders.”_____12_____With
a
phobia,
your
breathing
gets
quicker,
your
pulse
speeds
up,
you
sweat
and
your
brain
is
unable
to
control
these
reactions.
_____13_____
Speaking
to
the
BBC,
Lauren
Rosenberg,
a
fear
and
phobia
expert,
says,
“Phobias
usually
are
a
copy
behaviour
from
a
higher
authority,
like
a
parent
or
teacher,
or
a
kind
of
mental
suffering
from
a
past
event
that
comes
back
to
trouble
you
continuously.”
There
are
many
different
complex
phobias
some
people
suffer
from,
such
as
agoraphobia－caused
by
being
away
from
home,
and
iatrophobia-fear
of
doctors._______14_______Therapy
(心理治疗)
is
one
choice,
where
you
gradually
get
used
to
whatever
it
is
you
fear.
Lauren
Rosenburg
says
she
likes
to
work
with
people
to
clear
their
bad
memory
and
help
them
breathe.
But
if
you
do
have
a
phobia,
continually
trying
to
avoid
what
you’re
afraid
of
by
yourself
is
likely
to
make
the
situation
worse.____15____
A.
Then
how
can
they
be
overcome?
B.
But
where
does
a
phobia
come
from?
C.
But
phobias
are
stronger
than
just
fears.
D.
The
right
thing
to
do
is
to
find
help
to
overcome
it.
E.
Overcoming
a
phobia
can
take
patience
devotion
and
courage.
F.
Are
there
any
phobias
that
tend
to
be
more
common
than
others?
G.
It
occurs
when
someone
develops
an
unrealistic
sense
of
danger
about
a
situation
or
object.
【答案】11.
G
12.
C
13.
B
14.
A
15.
D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恐惧症的定义、来源和克服的方法。
11.根据后文“Sometimes
it's
good
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
dangers
from
things.
Our
brain
warns
us
of
the
risks
that
might
lie
ahead,
but
then
we
often
get
prepared
and
overcome
them.”（有时候意识到事物的潜在危险是件好事。我们的大脑会警告我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会有所准备并克服它们。）可知，此处是指对潜在危险产生意识，而此时危险尚未发生，所以选项G（当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种不现实的危险感时，就会出现这种情况。）切合文意。故选G。
12.前文“Our
fears
are
rooted
in
our
brains-we
don't
need
to
learn
to
be
afraid
of
animals
like
snakes
or
spiders.”（我们的恐惧根植于我们的大脑——我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。）中提到fears，后文“With
a
phobia,
your
breathing
gets
quicker,
your
pulse
speeds
up,
you
sweat
and
your
brain
is
unable
to
control
these
reactions.”（患有恐惧症，你的呼吸会变快，脉搏加快，出汗，你的大脑无法控制这些反应。）中提到phobia，所以选项C（但是恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。）比较这二者，所以切合文意。故选C。
13.根据后文“Phobias
usually
are
a
copy
behaviour
from
a
higher
authority,
like
a
parent
or
teacher,
or
a
kind
of
mental
suffering
from
a
past
event
that
comes
back
to
trouble
you
continuously.
”（恐惧症通常是一种来自上级(如父母或老师)的复制行为，或者是一种过去事件的精神折磨，它会不断回来困扰你。）可知，此处是讲恐惧症的来源，所以选项B（但是恐惧症是从哪里来的呢?）切合文意。故选B。
14.根据后文“Therapy
(心理治疗)
is
one
choice,
where
you
gradually
get
used
to
whatever
it
is
you
fear.”（心理治疗是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所恐惧的东西。）可知，此处是指如何克服恐惧症。所以选项A（那么怎样才能克服它们呢?）切合文意。故选A。
15.根据前文“But
if
you
do
have
a
phobia,
continually
trying
to
avoid
what
you're
afraid
of
by
yourself
is
likely
to
make
the
situation
worse”（但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西只会让情况变得更糟）可知，此处是讲不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西是错的，选项D（正确的做法是寻求帮助来克服它。）又讲出正确的做法，所以切合文意。故选D。
（2021·北京市3月综合能力测试·七选五）
The
Flynn
Effect
The
Flynn
effect，
first
described
in
the
1980sby
researcher
James
Flynn，
refers
to
the
finding
that
scores
on
IQ
tests
have
increased
in
the
past
century.
One
research
paper，
published
by
psychologist
Lisa
Trahan
and
her
colleagues，
combined
the
results
of
other
published
studies
and
found
that
IQ
scores
have
indeed
increased
since
the
1950s.___35___Trahan
and
her
colleagues
observed，
“The
existence
of
the
Flynn
effect
is
rarely
disputed.”
____36____One
explanation
has
to
do
with
improvements
in
health
and
nutrition.
For
example，
the
past
century
has
seen
a
decrease
in
smoking
and
alcohol
use
in
pregnancy，
improvements
in
the
prevention
and
treatment
of
infectious
diseases，
and
improvements
in
nutrition.
As
Scott
Barry
Kaufman
writes
for
Psychology
Today，
“The
Flynn
effect
serves
as
a
reminder
that
when
we
give
people
more
opportunities
to
prosper，
more
people
do
prosper.”
____37____In
a
TED
talk，
Flynn
explains
that
the
world
today
is
“a
world
where
we've
had
to
develop
new
mental
habits，
new
habits
of
mind.”
Flynn
has
found
that
IQ
scores
have
increased
the
most
rapidly
on
questions
that
ask
us
to
find
similarities
between
different
things，
and
more
abstract
types
of
problem
solving，
both
of
which
are
things
that
we
need
to
do
more
of
in
the
modem
world.
Several
ideas
have
been
brought
up
to
explain
why
modern
society
might
lead
to
higher
scores
on
IQ
tests.
For
example，
today，
many
more
of
us
have
demanding，
intellectually
rigorous
jobs.
Schools
have
also
changed：whereas
a
test
at
school
in
the
early
1900s
might
have
been
more
focused
on
memorization，
a
recent
test
might
be
more
likely
to
focus
on
explaining
the
reasons
for
something.____38____Family
sizes
tend
to
be
smaller，
and
it
has
been
suggested
that
this
may
allow
children
to
pick
up
on
new
vocabulary
words
while
interacting
with
their
parents.
I's
even
been
suggested
that
the
entertainment
we
consume
is
more
complex
today.
____39____
Therefore，
both
the
education
we
receive
and
the
society
we
live
in
shape
our
IQ
in
a
way
that
we
cannot
imagine.
A.
In
other
words，
there
is
a
lot
about
IQ
that
we
may
not
know
yet.
B.
Another
explanation
for
the
Flynn
effect
has
to
do
with
societal
changes
C.
Researchers
have
put
forward
several
theories
to
explain
the
Flynn
effect.
D.
Trying
to
understand
and
anticipate
plot
points
may
actually
be
making
us
smarter.
E.
Although
there
have
been
exceptions，
IQ
scores
have
generally
increased
over
time.
F.
Additionally，
more
people
today
are
likely
to
finish
high
school
and
go
on
to
college.
G.
The
Flynn
effect
shows
that
human
mind
is
more
adaptable
than
we
might
have
thought.
【答案】35.
E
36.
C
37.
B
38.
F
39.
D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了弗林效应的定义以及人们的智商测试分数不断提高的原因。
35.根据后文“Trahan
and
her
colleagues
observed，
“The
existence
of
the
Flynn
effect
is
rarely
disputed.”（特拉汉和她的同事观察到，“弗林效应的存在很少有争议。”）说明尽管也有些例外，但总体智商是提高的。E选项“Although
there
have
been
exceptions，
IQ
scores
have
generally
increased
over
time.”（虽然也有例外，但智商分数通常会随着时间的推移而提高。）符合题意，故选E项。
36.根据后文“One
explanation
has
to
do
with
improvements
in
health
and
nutrition.（一种解释与健康和营养的改善有关。）”可知，本段是解释弗林效应的。C选项“Researchers
have
put
forward
several
theories
to
explain
the
Flynn
effect.”（研究人员提出了几种理论来解释弗林效应。）符合题意，故选C项。
37.根据前一段“One
explanation
has
to
do
with
improvements
in
health
and
nutrition.（一种解释与健康和营养的改善有关。）”可知，本段是另一种解释弗林效应的理论。B选项“Another
explanation
for
the
Flynn
effect
has
to
do
with
societal
changes”（弗林效应的另一种解释与社会变化有关）符合题意，故选B项。
38.根据前文“Several
ideas
have
been
brought
up
to
explain
why
modern
society
might
lead
to
higher
scores
on
IQ
tests.（人们提出了一些观点来解释为什么现代社会可能会导致智商测试的高分。）”可知，本段是解释人们智商高的原因。F选项“Additionally，
more
people
today
are
likely
to
finish
high
school
and
go
on
to
college（此外，更多的人今天可能完成高中和继续大学）”符合题意，故选F项。
39.根据前文“I's
even
been
suggested
that
the
entertainment
we
consume
is
more
complex
today.（甚至有人建议说，我们今天消费的娱乐更加复杂。）”可知，如今娱乐也可以提高我们的智商。D选项“Trying
to
understand
and
anticipate
plot
points
may
actually
be
making
us
smarter.”（试图理解和预测情节点实际上可能会让我们更聪明。）符合题意，故选D项。
（2021·北大附中三模·七选五）
Are
You
Using
Your
Time
Wisely?
Time.
You
get
the
same
amount
every
single
day.
It
is
predictable,
with
scheduled
times
for
sunrises
and
sunsets.
Time
is
one
of
the
few
predictable
elements
in
life.
____35____
It
doesn’t
matter
how
much
money
or
influence
you
have,
it
is
the
same
for
everyone.
What
would
you
do
if
someone
gave
you
$86,400
as
a
gift?
Would
you
think
long
and
hard
about
how
you
would
use
that
money,
and
what
fun
or
important
things
you
would
do
with
it?
That’s
the
number
of
seconds
we
are
given
each
and
every
day.
But
do
you
get
up
in
the
morning
and
think
about
what
valuable
and
important
things
you
will
do
with
every
second?
Very
few
people
do.
So,
start
thinking
about
your
“gift”
of
86,400
seconds
each
day.
Use
them
wisely
each
and
every
day.
____36____
Define
what
you
care
about.
You
have
to
make
a
living,
pay
the
bills,
attend
to
your
family
in
need,
finish
the
paper
due
for
class
and
cook
your
meals.
There
are
certain
non-negotiables,
but
while
you
are
doing
all
of
these
“have-to”
things,
consider
what
you
care
about.
____37____
Do
you
want
to
improve
yourself?
Do
you
want
to
learn
something
new?
Do
you
want
to
gain
insight
or
use
the
time
you
are
doing
these
things
to
get
in
touch
with
your
inner
self?
The
point
is
that
every
activity
in
life
gives
you
a
chance
for
a
deeper
meaning
if
you
establish
first
what
you
would
like
it
to
be.
____38____
If
time
is
always
beyond
your
management,
start
being
more
conscious
of
what
you
use
it
for
and
what
you
commit
to.
If
you
are
a
“yes”
person
who
agrees
to
take
on
more
than
you
should,
consider
saying
“no.”
If
you
do
commit,
break
down
what’s
needed
into
small
tasks
so
you
can
make
gradual
progress
instead
of
rushing
to
get
something
done.
Put
things
on
the
calendar.
Plan
for
planning.
Get
attached
to
your
calendar.
Plan
“me
time,”
“thinking
time,”
and
“time-to-plan
time”
in
your
notebook.
____39____
Stick
to
it
deliberately
(刻意地)
until
it
is
more
natural
for
you.
Becoming
more
mindful
and
deliberate
about
your
time
will
help
you
focus
on
it
more
thoroughly
and
find
the
gifts
in
every
moment
you
are
given.
A.
Become
a
planner.
B.
Do
things
mindfully.
C.
Do
you
want
to
enjoy
the
process?
D.
Don’t
expect
this
will
just
unfold
naturally.
E.
No
one
gets
more
in
a
day
than
anyone
else.
F.
Here’s
what
you
can
do,
especially
if
you
are
busy
and
time
seems
to
disappear.
G.
Most
of
us
don’t
live
as
if
our
time
is
limited,
and
therefore
waste
too
much
of
it.
【答案】35.
E
36.
D
37.
B
38.
G
39.
A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何明智地利用时间的建议。
35.由本段第二句“You
get
the
same
amount
every
single
day.
(你每天都得到同样的时间。)”和下一句“It
doesn’t
matter
how
much
money
or
influence
you
have,
it
is
the
same
for
everyone.
(不管你有多少钱或影响力，时间对每个人来说都一样。)”可知，上下文都在讲时间对于每个人来说都是一样的，每天得到的时间也是一样的，承接上下文，E选项“没有人比其他人在一天中得到更多时间。”切题。故选E项。
36.由上两句“So,
start
thinking
about
your
“gift”
of
86,400
seconds
each
day.
Use
them
wisely
each
and
every
day.
(所以，开始想想你每天86400秒的“礼物”。每天明智地使用它们。)”和下文关于如何明智使用时间的几点建议可知，上文作者建议读者要明智地使用时间，下文立马提出具体建议，说明明智地使用时间是需要方法的，它不是自然而然发生的，该空起承上启下作用，承接上下文，D选项“别指望这会自然而然地展开。”切题。故选D项。
37.由本段第一句“Define
what
you
care
about.
(定义你关心什么。)”和第三句“There
are
certain
non-negotiables,
but
while
you
are
doing
all
of
these
“have-to”
things,
consider
what
you
care
about.
(有一些是不可协商的，但是当你做所有这些“必须”的事情时，考虑一下你关心什么。)”可知，上文作者建议读者做事时，要有关注点，有关心的事物，可得出要用心做事，承接上文，B选项“用心做事。”切题。故选B项。
38.由下一句“If
time
is
always
beyond
your
management,
start
being
more
conscious
of
what
you
use
it
for
and
what
you
commit
to.
(如果时间总是超出你的管理范围，那就开始更清楚地意识到你用它做什么，你承诺做什么。)”可知，下文指出人们会超出自己的时间管理范围（说明时间用多了），可得出上文可能会提及人们多用或浪费时间的问题，承接下文，G选项“我们大多数人活着不会认为我们的时间是有限的，因此浪费了太多的时间。”切题。故选G项。
39.由上两句“Get
attached
to
your
calendar.
Plan
“me
time,”
“thinking
time,”
and
“time-to-plan
time”
in
your
notebook.
(加入你的日历。在笔记本上计划“我的时间”、“思考时间”和“计划时间”。)”可知，上文作者建议读者要有不同的计划，说明我们要成为有计划的人，承接上文，A选项“成为一个计划者。”切题。故选A项。
（2021·朝阳区二模·七选五）
People
Who
Can’t
Count
A
recent
study
has
discovered
that
dyscalculia,
the
mathematical
inability
in
reading,
affects
about
5%
of
children
in
Britain.
There
is
no
simple
way
of
finding
out
the
reason
and
kids
with
this
learning
disability
are
usually
labelled
unintelligent.
So
what
exactly
is
this
learning
disability
in
mathematics?
Unlike
most
people,
dyscalculics
cannot
recognise
three
or
four
objects.
____35____
For
example,
they
need
to
count
the
books
on
the
table
before
they
can
say
how
many
there
are.
In
other
words,
they
have
to
count
them
one
by
one.
This
is
where
they
are
different
from
others.
The
majority
of
us,
if
shown
three
or
four
similar
things,
can
immediately
recognise
them.
___36___
They
cannot
understand,
for
instance,
why
two
and
three
makes
five.
Another
problem
is
not
being
able
to
tell
which
group
contains
more
objects
than
the
other.
Experiments
have
proved
that
dyscalculics
have
not
developed
the
part
of
the
brain
responsible
for
processing
numbers.
There
are
also
problems
with
the
abstract
concept
of
time
for
dyscalculics.
____37____
If
your
best
friend
is
always
late,
he
might
be
suffering
from
dyscalculia.
Dyscalculics
cannot
keep
track
of
time,
and
they
never
know
how
much
time
they
have
spent
getting
ready
and
how
long
it
will
take
them
to
get
to
work.
In
addition,
research
has
shown
that
dyscalculics
behave
oddly
in
social
situations.____38____
This
poor
ability
can
explain
why
they
never
know
how
much
change
they
are
due
or
what
kind
of
budget
they
need
for
their
holiday.
On
the
other
hand,
dyscalculics
are
very
good
at
creative
arts.
People
suffering
from
dyscalculia
can
become
painters
or
poets.
Dyscalculia
does
not
seem
to
delay
language
acquisition.
Dyscalculic
children
acquire
language
at
the
same
time
as,
if
not
earlier
than,
most
children
and
have
no
problem
learning
to
read
or
write.
___39___
A.
Dyscalculics
have
difficulties
in
using
numbers
at
all.
B.
This
disability
scares
children
away
from
learning
mathematics.
C.
They
have
to
go
through
the
routine
of
counting
even
a
small
number
of
objects.
D.
It
is
quite
reasonable
for
dyscalculics
to
solve
this
kind
of
specific
problem
at
any
time.
E.
They
never
know
how
much
they
should
tip
the
waiter
or
they’ve
got
left
after
a
shopping
trip.
F.
We
can
see
that
dyscalculia
is
only
a
learning
disability,
not
a
general
indication
of
intelligence.
G.
This
can
account
for
their
difficulty
in
reading
schedules
and
remembering
the
order
in
which
things
have
happened.
【答案】35.
C
36.
A
37.
G
38.
E
39.
F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对计算障碍患者的特征进行了介绍，并表明这只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现。
35.根据后文“For
example,
they
need
to
count
the
books
on
the
table
before
they
can
say
how
many
there
are.”（例如，他们需要数桌子上的书，然后才能说出有多少。）可知，此处是指即使数量很少他们也必须数过才知道，所以选项C（他们必须通过例行的计算，即使是少量的对象。）切合文意。故选C。
36.根据后文“They
cannot
understand,
for
instance,
why
two
and
three
makes
five.”（例如，他们无法理解为什么二加三等于五。）可知，此处是指计算障碍患者在计算方面有困难，所以选项A（计算障碍患者在使用数字方面有困难）切合文意。故选A。
37.根据前文“There
are
also
problems
with
the
abstract
concept
of
time
for
dyscalculics.”（对于计算障碍来说，时间的抽象概念也存在问题。）可知，因为时间的抽象概念也存在问题，所以他们阅读日程安排和记住时间的发展顺序有困难。所以选项G（这可以解释为什么他们很难阅读时间表和记住事情发生的顺序。）切合文意。故选G。
38.前文“In
addition,
research
has
shown
that
dyscalculics
behave
oddly
in
social
situations.”（此外，研究表明，计算障碍患者在社交场合会表现得很奇怪。）对应选项E中的“They
never
know
how
much
they
should
tip
the
waiter”（他们从来不知道应该给服务员多少小费），后文“This
poor
ability
can
explain
why
they
never
know
how
much
change
they
are
due
or
what
kind
of
budget
they
need
for
their
holiday.”（这种差劲的能力可以解释为什么他们永远不知道他们该付多少零钱，或者他们的假期需要什么样的预算。）与选项E中的“they’ve
got
left
after
a
shopping
trip”（他们在购物后剩下多少钱）相对应，所以选项E（他们永远不知道应该给服务员多少小费，也不知道购物后还剩下多少钱。）切合文意。故选E。
39.根据前文“On
the
other
hand,
dyscalculics
are
very
good
at
creative
arts.
People
suffering
from
dyscalculia
can
become
painters
or
poets.
Dyscalculia
does
not
seem
to
delay
language
acquisition.
”（另一方面，计算障碍患者擅长创造性艺术。患有计算障碍的人可以成为画家或诗人。计算障碍似乎不会延迟语言习得。）可知，计算障碍并不意味着智力低下。所以选项F（我们可以看到，计算障碍只是一种学习障碍，而不是智力的普遍表现。）切合文意。故选F。