2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编之专题16 ：阅读理解 说明类（word版附答案、解析）

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专题16
阅读理解说明类
I、2021年高考真题
（2021·新高考I卷·C篇）
When
the
explorers
first
set
foot
upon
the
continent
of
North
America,
the
skies
and
lands
were
alive
with
an
astonishing
variety
of
wildlife.
Native
Americans
have
taken
care
of
these
precious
natural
resourses
wisely.
Unfortunately,
it
took
the
explorers
and
the
settlers
who
followed
only
a
few
decades
to?decimate?a
large
part
of
these
resources.
Millions
of
waterfowl（水禽）were
killed
at
the
hands
of
market
hunters
and
a
handful
of
overly
ambitious
sportsmen.
Millions
of
acres
of
wetlands
were
dried
to
feed
and
house
the
ever-increasing
populations,
greatly
reducing
waterfowl
habitat（栖息地）.
In
1934,
with
the
passage
of
the
Migratory
Bird
Hunting
Stamp
Act
(Act),
an
increasingly
concerned
nation
took
firm
action
to
stop
the
destruction
of
migratory（迁徙的）waterfowl
and
the
wetlands
so
vital
to
their
survival.
Under
this
Act,
all
waterfowl
hunters
16
years
of
age
and
over
must
annually
purchase
and
carry
a
Federal
Duck
Stamp.
The
very
first
Federal
Duck
Stamp
was
designed
by
J.N.
"Ding"
Darling,
a
political
cartoonist
from
Des
Moines,
lowa,
who
at
that
time
was
appointed
by
President
Franklin
Roosevelt
as
Director
of
the
Bureau
of
Biological
Survey.
Hunters
willingly
pay
the
stamp
price
to
ensure
the
survival
of
our
natural
resources.
About
98
cents
of
every
duck
stamp
dollar
goes
directly
into
the
Migratory
Bird
Conservation
Fund
to
purchase
wetlands
and
wildlife
habitat
for
inclusion
into
the
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System—a
fact
that
ensures
this
land
will
be
protected
and
available
for
all
generations
to
come.
Since
1934,
better
than
half
a
billion
dollars
has
gone
into
that
Fund
to
purchase
more
than
5
million
acres
of
habitat.
Little
wonder
the
Federal
Duck
Stamp
Program
has
been
called
one
of
the
most
successful
conservation
programs
ever
initiated.
1.What
was
a
cause
of
the
waterfowl
population
decline
in
North
America?
A.Loss
of
wetlands.
B.Popularity
of
water
sports.
C.Pollution
of
rivers.
D.Arrival
of
other
wild
animals.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
"decimate"
mean
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.Acquire.
B.Export.
C.Destroy.
D.Distribute.
3.What
is
a
direct
result
of
the
Act
passed
in
1934?
A.The
stamp
price
has
gone
down.
B.The
migratory
birds
have
flown
away.
C.The
hunters
have
stopped
hunting.
D.The
government
has
collected
money.
4.Which
of
the
following
is
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.The
Federal
Duck
Stamp
Story
B.The
National
Wildlife
Refuge
System
C.The
Benefits
of
Saving
Waterfowl
D.The
History
of
Migratory
Bird
Hunting
【答案】ACDA
【解析】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
1.细节理解题。根据题干信息North
America以及decline定位到第一段：Millions
of
waterfowl
were
killed
at…?Millions
of
acres
of
wetlands
were
dried…?greatly
reducing
waterfowl
habitat.
分析可知，数百万的水禽被猎人和野心过大的运动员给杀害了。而数百万英亩的湿地被开垦以喂养和容纳日益增长的人口，而这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。可知，湿地流失是导致水禽数量减少的原因。
故选A。
2.词义猜测题。根据题干信息first
paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately,
it
took
the
explorers
and
the
settlers
who
followed
only
a
few
decades
to
decimate
a
large
part
of
these
resources.
根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文?"taken
care
of"?形成对比，故此处应表示?"损害、毁坏"?。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据题干信息in
1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在说明在颁布了这个法令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而第三段则提及了大约98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是直接被用于购买保护湿地。
因此D选项,
政府可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据原文分析可知，首先作者先提出了湿地的破坏导致了水禽数量的下降，而后政府则通过发行联邦鸭票筹集资金，用于保护湿地，是史上最成功的保护项目之一。因此A选项，联邦鸭票的故事符合题意。故选A。
（2021·全国甲卷·B篇）
Port
Lympne
Reserve,
which
runs
a
breeding（繁育）
programme,
has
welcomed
the
arrival
of
a
rare
black
rhino
calf
（犀牛幼崽）.
When
the
tiny
creature
arrived
on
January
31.
she
became
the
40th
black
rhino
to
be
born
at
the
reserve.
And
officials
at
Port
Lympne
were
delighted
with
the
new
arrival,
especially
as
black
rhinos
are
known
for
being
difficult
to
breed
in
captivity（圈养）.
Paul
Beer,
head
of
rhino
section
at
Port
Lympne,
said:
"Obviously
we're
all
absolutely
delighted
to
welcome
another
calf
to
our
black
rhino
family.
She's
healthy,
strong
and
already
eager
to
play
and
explore.
Her
mother,
Solio,
is
a
first-time
mum
and
she
is
doing
a
fantastic
job.
It's
still
a
little
too
cold
for
them
to
go
out
into
the
open,
but
as
soon
as
the
weather
warms
up,
I
have
no
doubt
that
the
little
one
will
be
out
and
about
exploring
and
playing
every
day."
The
adorable
female
calf
is
the
second
black
rhino
born
this
year
at
the
reserve,
but
it
is
too
early
to
tell
if
the
calves
will
make
good
candidates
to
be
returned
to
protected
areas
of
the
wild.
The
first
rhino
to
be
born
at
Port
Lympne
arrived
on
January
5
to
first-time
mother
Kisima
and
weighed
about
32kg.
His
mother,
grandmother
and
great
grandmother
were
all
born
at
the
reserve
and
still
live
there.
According
to
the
World
Wildlife
Fund,
the
global
black
rhino
population
has
dropped
as
low
as
5500,
giving
the
rhinos
a
"critically
endangered"
status.
1.Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
breeding
programme?
A.Costly.
B.Controversial.
C.Ambitious.
D.Successful.
2.What
does
Paul
Beer
say
about
the
new-born
rhino?
A.She
loves
staying
with
her
mother.
B.She
dislikes
outdoor
activities.
C.She
is
in
good
condition.
D.She
is
sensitive
to
heat.
3.What
similar
experience
do
Solio
and
Kisima
have?
A.They
had
their
first
born
in
January.
B.They
enjoyed
exploring
new
places.
C.They
lived
with
their
grandmothers.
D.They
were
brought
to
the
reserve
young.
4.What
can
be
inferred
about
Port
Lympne
Reserve?
A.The
rhino
section
will
be
open
to
the
public.
B.It
aims
to
control
the
number
of
the
animals.
C.It
will
continue
to
work
with
the
World
Wildlife
Fund.
D.Some
of
its
rhinos
may
be
sent
to
the
protected
wild
areas.
【答案】DCAD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。
1.细节理解题。根据题干关键词
"the
breeding
programme
"
定位在原文第一段第一句话Port
Lympne
Reserve,
which
runs
a
breeding
（繁育）
programme,
has
welcomed
the
arrival
of
a
rare
black
rhino
calf
（犀牛幼崽）
.
林普恩港保护区(Port
Lympne
Reserve)开展了一项繁殖计划，它迎来了一头稀有的黑犀牛犊牛的到来。所以，应该是成功的。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据题干关键词
"Paul
Beer
say"
定位在第二段他说的话，其中根据
"Obviously
we're
all
absolutely
delighted
to
welcome
another
calf
to
our
black
rhino
family.
She's
healthy,
strong
and
already
eager
to
play
and
explore."
显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小牛来到我们的黑犀牛家庭。她健康，强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和探索。可知在这个新生的小犀牛状况很好。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词
"similar
experience
，Solio
and
Kisima"
定位在原文第二段
"Her
mother,
Solio,
is
a
first-time
mum
and
she
is
doing
a
fantastic
job.
她的母亲，索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做得很好。"
和第三段
"The
first
rhino
to
be
born
at
Port
Lympne
arrived
on
January
5
to
first-time
mother
Kisima
and
weighed
about
32kg.
1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重约32公斤。"
可知Solio
和Kisima相似点都是第一次当妈妈。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词
"PortLympne
Reserve"
定位在原文第一段
"Port
Lympne
Reserve,
which
runs
a
breeding
（繁育）
programme"
和第三段
"His
mother,
grandmother
and
great
grandmother
were
all
born
at
the
reserve
and
still
live
there.
他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。"
可知林普恩港保护区是负责一项繁殖计划的项目，它的一些犀牛一直住在保护区，所以一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
（2021·全国甲卷·D篇）
Who
is
a
genius?
This
question
has
greatly
interested
humankind
for
centuries.
Let's
state
clearly:
Einstein
was
a
genius.
His
face
is
almost
the
international
symbol
for
genius.
But
we
want
to
go
beyond
one
man
and
explore
the
nature
of
genius
itself.
Why
is
it
that
some
people
are
so
much
more
intelligent
or
creative
than
the
rest
of
us?
And
who
are
they?
In
the
sciences
and
arts,
those
praised
as
geniuses
were
most
often
white
men,
of
European
origin.
Perhaps
this
is
not
a
surprise.
It's
said
that
history
is
written
by
the
victors,
and
those
victors
set
the
standards
for
admission
to
the
genius
club.
When
contributions
were
made
by
geniuses
outside
the
club—women,
or
people
of
a
different
color
or
belief—they
were
unacknowledged
and
rejected
by
others.
A
study
recently
published
by
Science
found
that
as
young
as
age
six,
girls
are
less
likely
than
boys
to
say
that
members
of
their
gender（性别）are
"really,
really
smart."
Even
worse,
the
study
found
that
girls
act
on
that
belief:
Around
age
six
they
start
to
avoid
activities
said
to
be
for
children
who
are
"really,
really
smart."
Can
our
planet
afford
to
have
any
great
thinkers
become
discouraged
and
give
up?
It
doesn't
take
a
genius
to
know
the
answer:
absolutely
not.
Here's
the
good
news.
In
a
wired
world
with
constant
global
communication,
we're
all
positioned
to
see
flashes
of
genius
wherever
they
appear.
And
the
more
we
look,
the
more
we
will
see
that
social
factors（因素）
like
gender,
race,
and
class
do
not
determine
the
appearance
of
genius.
As
a
writer
says,
future
geniuses
come
from
those
with
“intelligence,
creativity,
perseverance（毅力）,
and
simple
good
fortune,
who
are
able
to
change
the
world."
1.What
does
the
author
think
of
victors'
standards
for
joining
the
genius
club?
A.They're
unfair.
B.They're
conservative.
C.They're
objective.
D.They're
strict.
2.What
can
we
infer
about
girls
from
the
study
in
Science?
A.They
think
themselves
smart.
B.They
look
up
to
great
thinkers.
C.They
see
gender
differences
earlier
than
boys.
D.They
are
likely
to
be
influenced
by
social
beliefs.
3.Why
are
more
geniuses
known
to
the
public?
A.Improved
global
communication.
B.Less
discrimination
against
women.
C.Acceptance
of
victors'
concepts.
D.Changes
in
people's
social
positions.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Geniuses
Think
Alike
B.Genius
Takes
Many
Forms
C.Genius
and
Intelligence
D.Genius
and
Luck
【答案】ADAB
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。
1.推理判断题。根据题干
"victors'
standards
for
joining
the
genius
club"
定位到第二段It's
said
that
history
is
written
by
the
victors,
and
those
victors
set
the
standards
for
admission
to
the
genius
club.
When
contributions
were
made
by
geniuses
outside
the
club—women,
or
people
of
a
different
color
or
belief—they
were
unacknowledged
and
rejected
by
others.
据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才——女性、不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据题干girls
from
the
study
in
Science定位到第三段A
study
recently
published
by
Science
found
that
as
young
as
age
six,
girls
are
less
likely
than
boys
to
say
that
members
of
their
gender（性别）are
"really,
really
smart."
Even
worse,
the
study
found
that
girls
act
on
that
belief:
Around
age
six
they
start
to
avoid
activities
said
to
be
for
children
who
are
"really,
really
smart."
《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓
"非常聪明"
的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据题干
"more
geniuses
known
to
the
public"
定位最后一段In
a
wired
world
with
constant
global
communication,
we're
all
positioned
to
see
flashes
of
genius
wherever
they
appear
在一个全球互联世界里，我们都能看到天才的出现，无论它们出现在哪里，可知更多的天才被公众所知道的原因在于改善的全球通信，故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。A项（天才的想法相同）文章没有涉及；C项（天才和智力）只是文章的一个细节不能作为文章的主旨；
D项（天才和运气）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一个小细节。根据文章的最后一句As
a
writer
says,
future
geniuses
come
from
those
with
"intelligence,
creativity,
perseverance（毅力）,
and
simple
good
fortune,
who
are
able
to
change
the
world.”正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有
"智慧、创造力和毅力"
的人和简单的好运，那些能改变世界的人。纵观全文可知，天成具有多样性，故选B项。
（2021·全国乙卷·B篇）
When
almost
everyone
has
a
mobile
phone,
why
are
more
than
half
of
Australian
homes
still
paying
for
a
landline（座机）?
These
days
you'd
be
hard
pressed
to
find
anyone
in
Australia
over
the
age
of
15
who
doesn't
own
a
mobile
phone.
In
fact
plenty
of
younger
kids
have
one
in
their
pocket.
Practically
everyone
can
make
and
receive
calls
anywhere,
anytime.
Still,
55
percent
of
Australians
have
a
landline
phone
at
home
and
only
just
over
a
quarter
(29%)
rely
only
on
their
smartphones,
according
to
a
survey（调查）.
Of
those
Australians
who
still
have
a
landline,
a
third?concede?that
it's
not
really
necessary
and
they're
keeping
it
as
a
security
blanket—19
percent
say
they
never
use
it
while
a
further
13
percent
keep
it
in
case
of
emergencies.
I
think
my
home
falls
into
that
category.
More
than
half
of
Australian
homes
are
still
choosing
to
stick
with
their
home
phone.
Age
is
naturally
a
factor（因素）—only
58
percent
of
Generation
Ys
still
use
landlines
now
and
then,
compared
to
84
percent
of
Baby
Boomers
who've
perhaps
had
the
same
home
number
for
50
years.
Age
isn't
the
only
factor;?I'd
say
it's
also
to
do
with
the
makeup
of
your
household.
Generation
Xers
with
young
families,
like
my
wife
and
I,
can
still
find
it
convenient
to
have
a
home
phone
rather
than
providing
a
mobile
phone
for
every
family
member.
That
said,
to
be
honest
the
only
people
who
ever
ring
our
home
phone
are
our
Baby
Boomers
parents,
to
the
point
where
we
play
a
game
and
guess
who
is
calling
before
we
pick
up
the
phone
(using
Caller
ID
would
take
the
fun
out
of
it).
How
attached
are
you
to
your
landline?
How
long
until
they
go
the
way
of
gas
street
lamps
and
morning
milk
deliveries?
1.What
does
paragraph
2
mainly
tell
us
about
mobile
phones?
A.Their
target
users.
B.Their
wide
popularity.
C.Their
major
functions.
D.Their
complex
design.
2.What
does
the
underlined
word?"concede"?in
paragraph
3
mean?
A.Admit.
B.Argue.
C.Remember.
D.Remark.
3.What
can
we
say
about
Baby
Boomers?
A.They
like
smartphone
games.
B.They
enjoy
guessing
callers'
identity.
C.They
keep
using
landline
phones.
D.They
are
attached
to
their
family.
4.What
can
be
inferred
about
the
landline
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.It
remains
a
family
necessity.
B.It
will
fall
out
of
use
some
day.
C.It
may
increase
daily
expenses.
D.It
is
as
important
as
the
gas
light.
【答案】BACB
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
1.主旨大意题。根据题干信息paragraph
2，定位到文章第二段。分析可知，该段主要说明手机在澳大利亚的使用率非常高，手机使用十分普及。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still,
55
percent
of
Australians
have
a
landline
phone
at
home…
Of
those
Australians
who
still
have
a
landline,
a
third
concede
that
it's
not
really
necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's
not
necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据题干信息Baby
Boomers，定位到第四段Age
is
naturally
a
factor
（因素）—?only
58
percent
of
Generation
Ys
still
use
landlines
now
and
then,
compared
to
84
percent
of
Baby
Boomers
who've
perhaps
had
the
same
home
number
for
50
years.分析可知，84%的Baby
Boomers仍用座机，而且他们可能已经用同一个座机号码50年了。由此可知，Baby
Boomers仍在用座机。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据题干信息last
paragraph，定位到原文最后一段How
long
until
they
go
the
way
of
gas
street
lamps
and
morning
milk
deliveries?
。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的fall
out
of
use意为开始不用、渐渐废弃，符合文意。故选B。
（2021·全国乙卷·C篇）
You've
heard
that
plastic
is
polluting
the
ocean—between
4.8
and
12.7
million
tonnes
enter
ocean
ecosystems
every
year.
But
does
one
plastic
straw
or
cup
really
make
a
difference?
Artist
Benjamin
Von
Wong
wants
you
to
know
that
it
does.
He
builds
massive
sculptures
out
of
plastic
garbage,
forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to
single-use
plastic
products.
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
the
artist
built
a
piece
called?
"Strawpocalypse,
"
a
pair
of
10-foot-tall
plastic
waves,
frozen
mid-crash.
Made
of
168,
000
plastic
straws
collected
from
several
volunteer
beach
cleanups,
the
sculpture
made
its
first
appearance
at
the
Estella
Place
shopping
center
in
Ho
Chi
Minh
City,
Vietnam.
Just
9%
of
global
plastic
waste
is
recycled.
Plastic
straws
are
by
no
means
the
biggest
source（来源）of
plastic
pollution,
but
they've
recently
come
under
fire
because
most
people
don't
need
them
to
drink
with
and,
because
of
their
small
size
and
weight,
they
cannot
be
recycled.
Every
straw
that's
part
of
Von
Wong's
artwork
likely
came
from
a
drink
that
someone
used
for
only
a
few
minutes.
Once
the
drink
is
gone,
the
straw
will
take
centuries
to
disappear.
In
a
piece
from
2018,
Von
Wong
wanted
to
illustrate（说明）
a
specific
statistic:
Every
60
seconds,
a
truckload's
worth
of
plastic
enters
the
ocean.
For
this
work,
titled?"Truckload
of
Plastic,
"?Von
Wong
and
a
group
of
volunteers
collected
more
than
10,
000
pieces
of
plastic,
which
were
then
tied
together
to
look
like
they'd
been
dumped（倾倒）
from
a
truck
all
at
once.
Von
Wong
hopes
that
his
work
will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint.
1.What
are
Von
Wong's
artworks
intended
for?
A.Beautifying
the
city
he
lives
in.
B.Introducing
eco-friendly
products.
C.Drawing
public
attention
to
plastic
waste.
D.Reducing
garbage
on
the
beach.
2.Why
does
the
author
discuss
plastic
straws
in
paragraph
3?
A.To
show
the
difficulty
of
their
recycling.
B.To
explain
why
they
are
useful.
C.To
voice
his
views
on
modern
art.
D.To
find
a
substitute
for
them.
3.What
effect
would?"Truckload
of
Plastic"?have
on
viewers?
A.Calming.
B.Disturbing.
C.Refreshing.
D.Challenging.
4.Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Artists'?Opinions
on
Plastic
Safety
B.Media
Interest
in
Contemporary
Art
C.Responsibility
Demanded
of
Big
Companies
D.Ocean
Plastics
Transformed
into
Sculptures
【答案】CABD
【解析】本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin
Von
Wong用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸管末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
1.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，该艺术家创作的初衷是督促公众重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。
2.推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难回收。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据首段…?forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to…?及尾段…?will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint…?可知，原文中的Von
Wong希望让人们可以重新审视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项Disturbing的意思为?"令人不安的,
引起恐慌的"?，符合文意。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍了一位叫本杰明的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作雕塑作品，唤起公众对塑料垃圾的重视。故选D。
（2021·全国乙卷·D篇）
During
an
interview
for
one
of
my
books,
my
interviewer
said
something
I
still
think
about
often.
Annoyed
by
the
level
of
distraction（干扰）in
his
open
office,
he
said,
"That's
why
I
have
a
membership
at
the
coworking
space
across
the
street—so
I
can
focus."
His
comment
struck
me
as
strange.
After
all,
coworking
spaces
also
typically
use
an
open
office
layout（布局）.
But
I
recently
came
across
a
study
that
shows
why
his
approach
works.
The
researchers
examined
various
levels
of
noise
on
participants
as
they
completed
tests
of
creative
thinking.
They
were
randomly
divided
into
four
groups
and
exposed
to
various
noise
levels
in
the
background,
from
total
silence
to
50
decibels（分贝）,
70
decibels,
and
85
decibels.
The
differences
between
most
of
the
groups
were
statistically
insignificant;
however,
the
participants
in
the
70
decibels
group—those
exposed
to
a
level
of
noise
similar
to
background
chatter
in
a
coffee
shop—significantly
outperformed
the
other
groups.
Since
the
effects
were
small,
this
may
suggest
that
our
creative
thinking
does
not
differ
that
much
in
response
to
total
silence
and
85
decibels
of
background
noise.
But
since
the
results
at
70
decibels
were
significant,
the
study
also
suggests
that
the
right
level
of
background
noise—not
too
loud
and
not
total
silence—may
actually
improve
one's
creative
thinking
ability.
The
right
level
of
background
noise
may
interrupt
our
normal
patterns
of
thinking
just
enough
to
allow
our
imaginations
to
wander,
without
making
it
impossible
to
focus.
This
kind
of
"distracted
focus"
appears
to
be
the
best
state
for
working
on
creative
tasks.
So
why
do
so
many
of
us
hate
our
open
offices?
The
problem
may
be
that,
in
our
offices,
we
can't
stop
ourselves
from
getting
drawn
into
others'
conversations
while
we're
trying
to
focus.
Indeed,
the
researchers
found
that
face-to-face
interactions
and
conversations
affect
the
creative
process,
and
yet
a
coworking
space
or
a
coffee
shop
provides
a
certain
level
of
noise
while
also
providing
freedom
from
interruptions.
1.Why
does
the
interviewer
prefer
a
coworking
space?
A.It
helps
him
concentrate.
B.It
blocks
out
background
noise.
C.It
has
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
D.It
encourages
face-to-face
interactions.
2.Which
level
of
background
noise
may
promote
creative
thinking
ability?
A.Total
silence.
B.50
decibels.
C.70
decibels.
D.85
decibels.
3.What
makes
an
open
office
unwelcome
to
many
people?
A.Personal
privacy
unprotected.
B.Limited
working
space.
C.Restrictions
on
group
discussion.
D.Constant
interruptions.
4.What
can
we
infer
about
the
author
from
the
text?
A.He's
a
news
reporter.
B.He's
an
office
manager.
C.He's
a
professional
designer.
D.He's
a
published
writer.
【答案】ACDD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验数据分析了过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，但合伙办公有利于集中注意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。
1.细节理解题。由第一段第二句"…?so
I
can
focus"可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。
2.细节理解题。由第二段"the
participants
in
the
70
decibels
group…?significantly
outperformed
the
other
groups"可知，在70分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改善创造性思维能力。故选C。
3.推理判断题。由最后一段第二句"…?can't
stop
ourselves
from
getting
drawn
into
other's
conversations
while
we're
trying
to
focus"可知，开放式办公环境中，经常有其他事情分散人们的注意力。故选D。
4.推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。
（2021·浙江卷·C篇）
If
you
ever
get
the
impression
that
your
dog
can?"tell"
whether
you
look
content
or
annoyed,
you
may
be
onto
something.
Dogs
may
indeed
be
able
to
distinguish
between
happy
and
angry
human
faces,
according
to
a
new
study.
Researchers
trained
a
group
of
11
dogs
to
distinguish
between
images（图像）
of
the
same
person
making
either
a
happy
or
an
angry
face.
During
the
training
stage,
each
dog
was
shown
only
the
upper
half
or
the
lower
half
of
the
person's
face.
The
researchers
then
tested
the
dogs'
ability
to
distinguish
between
human
facial
expressions
by
showing
them
the
other
half
of
the
person's
face
or
images
totally
different
from
the
ones
used
in
training.
The
researchers
found
that
the
dogs
were
able
to
pick
the
angry
or
happy
face
by
touching
a
picture
of
it
with
their
noses
more
often
than
one
would
expect
by
random
chance.
The
study
showed
the
animals
had
figured
out
how
to
apply
what
they
learned
about
human
faces
during
training
to
new
faces
in
the
testing
stage.
"We
can
rule
out
that
the
dogs
simply
distinguish
hetween
the
pictures
bused
on
a
simple
cue,
such
as
the
sight
of
teeth,
"
said
study
anthor
Corsin
Muller.?
"Instead,
our
results
suggest
that
the
surcessful
dogs
realized
that
a
smiling
mouth
means
the
same
thing
as
smiling
eyes,
and
the
same
rule
applies
to
an
angry
mouth
having
the
same
meaning
as
angry
eyes."
"With
our
study,
we
think
we
can
now
confidently
conclude
that
at
least
some
dogs
can
distinguish
human
facial
expressions,"
Muller
told?Live
Science.
At
this
point,
it
is
not
clear
why
dogs
seem
to
be
equipped
with
the
ability
to
recognize
different
facial
expressions
in
humans."To
us,
the
most
likely
explanation
appears
to
be
that
the
basis
lies
in
their
living
with
humans,
which
gives
them
a
lot
of
exposure
to
human
facial
expressions,
”?and
this
exposure
has
provided
them
with
many
chances
to
learn
to
distinguish
between
them,
Muller
said.
1.The
new
study
focused
on
whether
dogs
can???????????.
A.distinguish
shapes
B.make
sense
of
human
faces
C.feel
happy
or
angry
D.communicate
with
each
other
2.What
can
we
learn
about
the
study
from
paragraph
2?
A.Researchers
tested
the
dogs
in
random
order.
B.Diverse
methods
were
adopted
during
training.
C.Pictures
used
in
the
two
stages
were
different.
D.The
dogs
were
photographed
before
the
test.
3.What
is
the
last
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.A
suggestion
for
future
studies.
B.A
possible
reason
for
the
study
findings.
C.A
major
limitation
of
the
study.
D.An
explanation
of
the
research
method.
【答案】BCB
【解析】
本文是一篇科普类说明文，实验研究表明，狗能够辨别人类的不同的面部的高兴还是愤怒表情。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句
"Dogs
may
indeed
be
able
to
distinguish
between
happy
and
angry
human
faces,
according
to
a
new
study."
可知，狗能够分辨开心的表情和不开心的表情，故选B。
2
.推断题。根据第二段第三句
"The
researchers
then
tested
the
dogs'
ability
to
distinguish
between
human
facial
expressions
by
showing
them
the
other
half
of
the
person's
face
or
images
totally
different
from
the
ones
used
in
training."
可知，训练时和测试时使用的人脸照片完全不同，故选C。
3.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段可知，狗为何能够识别人的表情的原因不明，紧接着给出了最可能的解释：可能是狗长期与人类生活，所以练就了识别人类表情的能力，故选B。
II、2021年高考模拟试题
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·阅读理解B篇）
The
great
thing
about
libraries
is
that
they
house
all
types
of
books---from
mysteries
to
biography
and
dramas---all
in
one
location.
The
bad
thing
about
libraries
is
that
they
house
all
types
of
books
in
one
location,
and
if
it’s
a
location
you
cannot
get
to,
you
are
out
of
luck.
Now,
mobile
library
solutions
are
appearing
quickly
around
the
country
to
bring
books
to
people
who
need
them.
A
few
years
ago,
when
the
Little
Free
Libraries
Movement
kicked
off,
more
people
of
all
ages
could
have
access
to
books.
Now,
more
than
1,5000
free
book
stands
can
be
found
across
the
globe,
bringing
books
to
unexpected
places.
But
many
folks
are
simply
not
in
a
position
to
get
to
the
places
where
the
books
are.
Bookmobile
buses
are
a
good
solution,
but
they
can
be
expensive
to
fund
and
to
operate.
Books
on
Bikes
programs
are
popping
up
in
areas
where
there
is
a
strong
bike
culture,
in
some
regions
like
Seattle,
or
a
strong
need
to
bring
books
to
the
masses,
for
example,
in
San
Francisco.
The
Seattle
Public
Library’s
Books
on
Bike
program
consists
of
three
bike/trailer
combos(组合)that
librarians
bring
to
community
events.
The
trailers
are
even
Wi-Fi
enabled
so
that
visitors
can
sign
up
for
a
library
card
and
browse(浏览)the
library’s
card
catalogue
on
the
spot.
“Seattle
has
a
really
strong
bike
culture
so
we
want
to
tap
into
that
and
provide
full
service
library
programs
but
do
it
in
a
way
that
is
quick
and
smart,”
librarian
Jared
Mills
said
in
an
interview.
San
Francisco’s
program,
called
Bibliobicicleta,
was
launched
in
2013
by
librarian
Alicia
Tapia.
Her
trailer
can
hold
about
100
books
and
attracts
readers
of
all
ages
and
income
levels.
It’s
an
independent,
donation-based
library---like
a
Little
Free
Library,
but
on
wheels.
When
asked
why
she
would
start
a
free
library
on
a
bike,
Tapia
answers,
“Why
not?
Bikes
are
cool,
and
can
go
anywhere.”
1.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
Free
libraries
on
bikes.
B.
Unique
bicycle
cultures.
C.
Popular
online
libraries.
D.
Various
library
movements.
2.
The
underlined
words
in
paragraph
5
are
closest
in
meaning
to
______.
A.
come
up
with
B.
stay
in
touch
with
C.
keep
pace
with
D.
take
advantage
of
3.
What
did
Tapia
think
of
the
program?
A.
Environment-friendly.
B.
Practical.
C.
Controversial.
D.
Profitable.
【答案】ADB
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了新型的自行车图书馆。和传统的图书馆相比，自行车图书馆灵活机动且成本低廉，对读者也很有吸引力。
1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Now,
mobile
library
solutions
are
appearing
quickly
around
the
country
to
bring
books
to
people
who
need
them.(
现在，移动图书馆的解决方案正迅速出现在全国各地，以将书籍带给需要书籍的人)”和第三段的“Books
on
Bikes
programs
are
popping
up
in
areas
where
there
is
a
strong
bike
culture,
in
some
regions
like
Seattle,
or
a
strong
need
to
bring
books
to
the
masses,
for
example,
in
San
Francisco.(
关于自行车项目的书籍出现在有强烈自行车文化的地区，比如西雅图，或者强烈需要把书籍带给大众的地区，例如在旧金山)”结合全文内容可推断，文章主要讲述了新型的自行车免费图书馆，灵活机动，成本低廉，故选A项。
2.词句猜测题。上文“Seattle
has
a
really
strong
bike
culture”说明西雅图有很强自行车文化，结合下文“provide
full
service
library
programs
but
do
it
in
a
way
that
is
quick
and
smart(提供全面服务的图书馆项目，但是用快速且明智的方法)”以及so和that（指代上文提到的西雅图强大的自行车文化）可推断，此处说的是：西雅图有强大的自行车文化，所以我们想要利用这个文化，以一种快速和聪明的方式提供全面服务的图书馆项目。故划线短语“tap
into”表示“利用”，与D项意思相近，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“When
asked
why
she
would
start
a
free
library
on
a
bike,
Tapia
answers,
“Why
not?
Bikes
are
cool,
and
can
go
anywhere.”(当被问到为什么她会推出自行车上的免费图书馆时，塔皮娅回答说：‘为什么不呢？自行车很酷，可以去任何地方。’)”可推断出，Tapia认为自行车图书馆非常方便实用。故选B。
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·阅读理解C篇）
More
than
one
in
five
species
of
maple
trees
faces
extinction,
a
shocking
new
report
has
revealed.
The
trees
are
experiencing
a
vast
decline
in
habitat,
due
to
urban
development,
timber
harvesting,
and
agricultural
expansion.
“Time
is
running
out
for
the
world’s
biodiversity,”
said
Douglas
Justice,
associate
director
at
the
University
of
British
Columbia
Botanical
Garden.
“Every
recent
survey
of
plants
and
animals
in
the
wild
points
to
this.”
He
continued,
“This
is
happening
nearly
everywhere
that
rarer
maples
exist.
And
because
of
climate
change,
the
narrow
habitats
that
support
species
at
the
tops
of
mountains
are
quickly
disappearing.”
The
trees
can
be
found
in
sub-tropical
and
tropical
regions,
as
far
south
as
Indonesia.
The
only
species
found
in
the
UK,
the
field
maple
is
not
under
threat.
Not
only
are
the
trees
a
popular
ornamental
feature
in
parks
and
public
spaces,
but
also
they
are
a
key
part
of
the
natural
ecosystem
in
woodlands,
as
well
as
being
an
important
timber
crop
in
several
countries.
China
is
home
to
the
largest
proportion
of
maples
with
92
species.
It
has
seen
a
number
of
trees
become
endangered
due
to
urban
expansion.
Some
14
of
the
23
maple
trees
at
risk
of
extinction
in
the
country
are
only
found
in
China
and
have
small
populations
and
limited
geographical
ranges.
“We
still
have
an
opportunity
to
save
species
from
disappearance,
but
it
will
take
expertise,
resources
and
the
cooperative
efforts
by
the
world’s
botanical
gardens
to
make
it
work,”
Justice
added.
One
species
in
Mexico,
the
Acer
binzayedii,
is
in
“desperate
need
of
conversation”
despite
only
being
discovered
in
2017.
“It
is
at
risk
from
climate
change
in
its
cloud
forest
habitat
and
threatened
by
grazing,
logging,
and
forest
fires,”
the
report
adds.
The
report
recommends
developing
conversation
plans,
monitoring
species
currently
not
at
risk
to
ensure
populations
are
maintained,
and
adding
those
missing
maple
species
to
seed
banks
and
the
like.
BGCI(Botanic
Gardens
Conversation
International)is
now
establishing
a
conversation
program
to
address
the
conservation
needs
of
maple
species.
Maple
specialists
will
work
together
to
develop
comprehensive
strategies
to
manage
and
deliver
conservation
action
points
for
the
species.
1.
What
is
the
major
reason
for
maple
trees’
extinction?
A.
A
lack
of
scientific
research.
B.
The
rarity
of
the
new
species.
C.
The
losses
of
their
habitats.
D.
Problems
with
the
distribution.
2.
What’s
Justice’s
attitude
to
saving
maple
trees?
A.
Hopeful.
B.
Skeptical.
C.
Reserved.
D.
Negative.
3.
What
are
the
last
two
paragraphs
intended
to
tell
us?
A.
There
is
no
guarantee
of
maintaining
the
tree
populations.
B.
It
can
never
be
too
late
to
join
hands
to
protect
the
species.
C.
All
maple
trees
of
the
species
are
on
the
edge
of
extinction.
D.
Effective
measures
should
be
taken
to
conserve
maple
trees
4.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Time
is
running
out
for
maple
trees.
B.
Maple
trees
are
vital
to
the
ecosystem.
C.
Maple
trees
will
stand
tall
in
nature.
D.
Climate
change
puts
maple
trees
at
risk.
【答案】CADA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一份新报告显示超过五分之一的枫树物种面临灭绝，文章还说明了导致其灭绝的原因，枫树的重要性以及提出的一些保护枫树的有效措施。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The
trees
are
experiencing
a
vast
decline
in
habitat,
due
to
urban
development,
timber
harvesting,
and
agricultural
expansion.(由于城市发展、木材采伐和农业扩张，这些树木的栖息地正在急剧减少)”以及“And
because
of
climate
change,
the
narrow
habitats
that
support
species
at
the
tops
of
mountains
are
quickly
disappearing.
(由于气候变化，山顶上支持物种生存的狭窄栖息地正在迅速消失)”可知，失去栖息地是枫树灭绝的主要原因。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中““We
still
have
an
opportunity
to
save
species
from
disappearance,
but
it
will
take
expertise,
resources
and
the
cooperative
efforts
by
the
world’s
botanical
gardens
to
make
it
work,”
Justice
added.(
Justice补充说：“我们仍然有机会拯救这一物种，使其免于消失，但这需要专业知识、资源和世界植物园的合作努力”)”可知，Justice认为拯救枫树充满希望。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It
is
at
risk
from
climate
change
in
its
cloud
forest
habitat
and
threatened
by
grazing,
logging,
and
forest
fires,”
the
report
adds.
The
report
recommends
developing
conversation
plans,
monitoring
species
currently
not
at
risk
to
ensure
populations
are
maintained,
and
adding
those
missing
maple
species
to
seed
banks
and
the
like.
(报告补充说：“它的云森林栖息地面临气候变化的威胁，并受到放牧、伐木和森林火灾的威胁。”该报告建议制定对话计划，监测目前没有濒危物种以确保种群数量得到维持，并将那些失踪的枫树物种加入种子库等)”以及最后一段“BGCI(Botanic
Gardens
Conversation
International)is
now
establishing
a
conversation
program
to
address
the
conservation
needs
of
maple
species.
Maple
specialists
will
work
together
to
develop
comprehensive
strategies
to
manage
and
deliver
conservation
action
points
for
the
species.(BGCI(国际植物园对话)正在建立一个对话项目，以解决枫树物种的保护需求。
枫树专家将共同制定全面的策略来管理和提供保护枫树的行动点)”可知，最后两段想告诉我们应该采取有效措施保护枫树。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“More
than
one
in
five
species
of
maple
trees
faces
extinction,
a
shocking
new
report
has
revealed.(一份令人震惊的新报告揭示，超过五分之一的枫树物种面临灭绝)”以及第二段中“The
trees
are
experiencing
a
vast
decline
in
habitat,
due
to
urban
development,
timber
harvesting,
and
agricultural
expansion.
“Time
is
running
out
for
the
world’s
biodiversity,”
said
Douglas
Justice,
associate
director
at
the
University
of
British
Columbia
Botanical
Garden.(由于城市发展、木材采伐和农业扩张，这些树木的栖息地正在急剧减少。“留给世界生物多样性的时间不多了，”英属哥伦比亚大学植物园副主任Douglas
Justice说)”结合文章还说明了导致其灭绝的原因，枫树的重要性以及提出的一些保护枫树的有效措施。可知，A选项“枫树的时间不多了”最符合文章标题。故选A。
（2021·成都三诊·阅读理解C篇）
A
new
research
added
brain
degradation
such
as
Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to
the
growing
list
of
effects
of
fine
particles(微粒）.
A
study
of
63
million
adults
older
than
65
in
the
United
States
showed
that
from
2000
to
2016,
first-time
hospital
admissions
for
Alzheimer's
disease,
and
related
diseases
rose
by
13
percent
with
every
5-microgram
(per
cubic
meter
of
air)
increase
in
annual
concentrations
of
PM
2.5.
Such
particles
are
produced
mainly
during
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels,
especially
coal
and
oil.
The
risk
remained
high
even
at
concentrations
below
12
micrograms
per
cubic
meter,
a
level
the
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
currently
considers
safe.
“Our
study
builds
on
the
small
but
clear
evidence
indicating
that
long-term
PM
2.5
exposures
are
associated
with
an
increased
risk
of
worsening
brain
health,
even
at
PM
2.5
concentrations
well
below
the
current
national
standards,”
said
Xiao
Wu,
a
doctoral
student
in
Harvard.
Antonella
Zanobetti,
a
co-author
of
the
study,
said
the
new
research
results
show
that
current
U.
S.
regulations
are
inadequate
to
protect
the
aging
American
population,
“highlighting
the
need
for
stricter
standards
and
policies
that
help
further
reduce
PM
2.5
concentrations
and
improve
air
quality
overall”。
Women,
white
people,
and
urban
populations,
particularly
in
the
Northeast,
were
particularly
at
risk,
the
research
showed.
The
researchers
figured
that
the
increased
effects
on
urban
populations
might
be
due
to
the
“abundance
of
metal-bearing
particles
in
the
urban
atmosphere,
which
have
very
smaller
size
and
can
access
the
brain
directly”.
They
owe
the
increased
risk
to
women
and
white
people
to
longer
life,
which
means
the
probability
of
death
from
other
causes
before
developing
Alzheimer
is
higher
in
men
and
nonwhites.
1.
What
can
we
learn
about
the
new
research
in
Paragraph
1?
A.
It
proved
PM
2.5
was
caused
by
fossil
fuel.
B.
It
aimed
at
improving
the
elders'
brain
health.
C.
It
showed
Alzheimer
was
linked
to
air
pollution.
D.
It
focused
on
the
effect
of
PM
2.5
on
environment.
2.
What
is
the
researchers'
attitude
towards
the
current
U.
S.
PM
2.5
national
standards?
A.
Supportive.
B.
Disapproving.
C.
Cautious.
D.
Ambiguous.
3.
Why
do
women
and
white
people
have
higher
risk
of
brain
health
problems?
A.
They
mainly
live
in
cities.
B.
They
are
in
much
worse
condition.
C.
They
are
affected
by
PM
2.5
more
easily.
D.
They
live
longer
than
men
and
nonwhites.
4.
What's
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
present
findings
of
a
new
research.
B.
To
call
on
us
to
protect
the
environment.
C.
To
analyze
various
reasons
for
Alzheimer.
D.
To
draw
our
attention
to
the
elders'
health.
【答案】CBDA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一项对阿尔兹海默症的新的研究的几个发现。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A
new
research
added
brain
degradation
such
as
Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to
the
growing
list
of
effects
of
fine
particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A
study
of
63
million
adults
older
than
65
in
the
United
States
showed
that
from
2000
to
2016,
first-time
hospital
admissions
for
Alzheimer's
disease,
and
related
diseases
rose
by
13
percent
with
every
5-microgram
(per
cubic
meter
of
air)
increase
in
annual
concentrations
of
PM
2.
5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。）可知，研究表明阿尔茨海默病与空气污染有关。故选C。
2.观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Our
study
builds
on
the
small
but
clear
evidence
indicating
that
long-term
PM
2.5
exposures
are
associated
with
an
increased
risk
of
worsening
brain
health,
even
at
PM
2.5
concentrations
well
below
the
current
national
standards”（我们的研究建立在少量但明确的证据之上，这些证据表明，即使PM
2.5浓度远低于当前的国家标准，长期接触PM
2.5也会增加大脑健康恶化的风险）可知，研究者对美国目前的PM
2.5国家标准并不赞同。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They
owe
the
increased
risk
to
women
and
white
people
to
longer
life,
which
means
the
probability
of
death
from
other
causes
before
developing
Alzheimer
is
higher
in
men
and
nonwhites.”（女性和白人患病风险增加的原因是寿命延长，这意味着男性和非白人在患老年痴呆症之前死于其他原因的概率更高。）可知，因为女性和白人的寿命比男人和非白人更长，所以他们更容易患老年痴呆症。故选D。
4.目的意图题。根据第一段第一句“A
new
research
added
brain
degradation
such
as
Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to
the
growing
list
of
effects
of
fine
particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A
study
of
63
million
adults
older
than
65
in
the
United
States
showed
that
from
2000
to
2016,
first-time
hospital
admissions
for
Alzheimer's
disease,
and
related
diseases
rose
by
13
percent
with
every
5-microgram
(per
cubic
meter
of
air)
increase
in
annual
concentrations
of
PM
2.
5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。），第三段第一句“Antonella
Zanobetti,
a
co-author
of
the
study,
said
the
new
research
results
show
that
current
U.
S.
regulations
are
inadequate
to
protect
the
aging
American
population”（这项研究的合著者Antonella
Zanobetti说，新的研究结果表明，目前的美国法规不足以保护老龄化的美国人口）和第四段第一句“Women,
white
people,
and
urban
populations,
particularly
in
the
Northeast,
were
particularly
at
risk,
the
research
showed.”（研究显示，女性、白人和城市人口，尤其是东北部地区的人口，面临的风险尤其大。）可知，文章主要是为了展示新的研究的发现。故选A。
（2021·成都三诊·阅读理解D篇）
In
the
past
few
decades,
great
progress
has
been
made
in
the
field
of
space
exploration,
which
has
enabled
mankind
to
have
a
deeper
understanding
of
the
Solar
System,
our
place
in
it
and
in
the
universe.
“We
sent
probes(探测器)
to
every
planet
in
the
Solar
System.
This
is
by
far
the
best
one,”
said
Clayton,
vice
president
of
Blue
Origin.
“Let's
focus
right
now
on
protecting
the
Earth
environment,
and
then
we'll
go
from
there.
Space
science
and
technology
should
be
people-centric
and
application-centric,
and
focus
on
improving
human
life.
We
need
to
have
a
strong
footing
on
the
Earth,
learn
to
solve
the
day-to-day
problems
of
the
society.”
“Space
technology
can
help
achieve
the
17
sustainable
development
goals
to
be
achieved
by
2030
set
by
the
United
Nations.
Satellite
monitoring
can
really
help
with
agriculture.
”
said
Victoria,
CEO
of
a
company
working
on
sustainable
development,
“Through
Global
Navigation
Satellite
System,
animals'
movement
information
recorded
on
self-recharging
devices
can
be
transmitted
to
the
company
server.
Farmers
can
be
alerted
in
real
time
if
anomalies(异常现象）are
detected.
We
can
use
it
to
ensure
the
traceability
of
the
entire
meat
chain.
As
a
result,
it
enables
consumers
to
know
that
the
beef
they
are
eating
does
not
come
from
protected
areas
or
the
cattle
don't
contribute
to
deforestation.
”
As
early
as
2007,
Michael
Griffin,
former
Administrator
of
NASA,
put
forward
the
concept
of
the
“space
economy”
in
a
speech.
He
is
very
optimistic
about
the
market
prospect
of
commercial
space
and
said,
“According
to
the
latest
data,
the
global
space
industry
could
reach
$1
trillion
in
2040,
up
from
$
378
billion
currently.
I
believe
more
business
models
and
space
activities
will
be
created
in
the
future
to
achieve
the
economic
scale
of
$1
trillion.
”
As
an
entrepreneur(创业者）herself,
Victoria
thinks
the
thriving
space
market
will
bring
countless
opportunities
for
entrepreneurs.
She
mentioned
future
settlements
on
Mars
or
on
the
Moon.
“If
we
are
going
to
develop
a
new
society
outside
the
Earth,
we
will
need
all
types
of
applications
and
all
types
of
startups.
But
coming
back
to
the
Earth,
there
are
so
many
problems
that
need
to
be
solved,
and
space
technology
can
really
help
with
that.”
1.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“This”
in
Paragraph
1
refer
to
?
A.
A
successful
space
exploration.
B.
A
probe
sent
to
other
planets.
C.
The
planet
people
are
living
on
now.
D.
The
solar
system
people
are
exploring.
2.
In
Clayton's
opinion,
what
should
be
the
first
concern
about
space
technology?
A.
Providing
more
financial
support.
B.
Improving
people's
life
on
earth.
C.
Sending
more
probes
in
the
universe.
D.
The
development
of
related
technology.
3.
How
does
Victoria
support
her
statement
about
satellite
monitoring
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
By
making
reasoning.
B.
By
providing
accurate
figures.
C.
By
making
comparison.
D.
By
illustrating
from
different
aspects.
4.
What
does
the
text
mainly
talk
about?
A.
Necessities
of
space
exploration.
B.
Breakthroughs
in
space
exploration.
C.
Possible
application
of
space
technology.
D.
Controversial
issues
about
space
technology.
【答案】CBDC
【解析】这是一篇说明文，在过去的几十年里，空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展，空间技术也会在各个领域起到很大的作用。
1.指代猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Let's
focus
right
now
on
protecting
the
Earth
environment,
and
then
we'll
go
from
there.”（让我们现在关注保护地球环境，然后我们会从那里开始。）可知，此处是指地球是目前为止最好的一个，所以我们要保护地球环境。所以this是指我们现在所居住的星球。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Space
science
and
technology
should
be
people-centric
and
application-centric,
and
focus
on
improving
human
life.”（空间科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。）可知，在克莱顿看来，空间技术应该首先关注改善人类生活。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Space
technology
can
help
achieve
the
17
sustainable
development
goals
to
be
achieved
by
2030
set
by
the
United
Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。）可知，Victoria认为空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。根据第二段第二句“Satellite
monitoring
can
really
help
with
agriculture.”（卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。）和最后一句“As
a
result,
it
enables
consumers
to
know
that
the
beef
they
are
eating
does
not
come
from
protected
areas
or
the
cattle
don't
contribute
to
deforestation.”（因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护区，或者牛没有促进森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通过说明卫星监测帮助农业和环保方面来佐证自己的观点。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Space
technology
can
help
achieve
the
17
sustainable
development
goals
to
be
achieved
by
2030
set
by
the
United
Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。），第三段第一句As
early
as
2007,
Michael
Griffin,
former
Administrator
of
NASA,
put
forward
the
concept
of
the
“space
economy”
in
a
speech.（早在2007年，美国国家航空航天局前局长Michael
Griffin就在一次演讲中提出了“空间经济”的概念。）；第四段第一句“As
an
entrepreneur(创业者）herself,
Victoria
thinks
the
thriving
space
market
will
bring
countless
opportunities
for
entrepreneurs.”（作为一名企业家，维多利亚认为蓬勃发展的太空市场将为企业家带来无数的机会。）可知，文章主要是讲太空技术可能的应用。故选C。
（2021·台州市4月调考·阅读理解B篇）
A
young
girl,
who
enjoys
being
the
center
of
attention,
may
act
out
for
her
friends
and
family.
Then
one
day
her
mother
tells
her
to
stop
being
so
silly
and
grow
up.
This
negative
attention
may
make
the
girl
feel
ashamed
of
her
behavior
and
from
then
on,
hold
back
her
free-spiritedness
and
then
go
through
life
feeling
as
if
she
can’t
fully
express
herself
for
fear
of
being
laughed
at.
The
girl’s
experience
shows
how
people
live
with
shame
when
they
have
been
criticized
(批评)
for
just
being
themselves.
When
it
comes
to
teenagers,
there
are
times
they
can
be
extremely
difficult
and
try
their
parents’
patience.
When
parents
become
frustrated,
they
may
say
things
like
“I
am
starting
to
really
not
like
you.
”
They
may
not
mean
what
they
say.
They
may
just
be
tired
of
arguing
with
the
teenager
and
have
become
emotionally
overwhelmed.
However,
the
teenager
doesn’t
know
their
words
are
out
of
frustration,
and
may
feel
his
parents
are
telling
him
they’re
sorry
they
ever
had
him.
The
child
may
conclude
that
he
is
a
bad
person.
Such
casual
criticism
by
parents
can
linger
and
stick
to
children
like
glue.
How
to
make
this
better?
The
next
time
a
child
shows
you
a
drawing
he’s
done,
or
sings
a
song
for
you
in
an
effort
to
get
your
attention,
recognize
that
your
response
may
be
extremely
important
toward
the
child’s
willingness
to
continue
to
explore
these
creative
efforts.
When
a
child
is
dancing
and
an
adult
makes
fun
of
him,
the
negativity
he
feels
can
completely
shut
the
child
down
from
that
activity,
or
even
worse,
fill
him
with
shame
as
if
something’s
wrong
with
him.
That
is
why
it
is
so
important
for
parents
to
recognize
that
children
are
exploring
their
world.The
more
encouragement
we
how
then
and
he
more
we
keep
their
sense
of
what’s
possible
alive,
the
more
likely
they
will
be
to
explore
and
find
their
own
enthusiasm
in
life.
They
will
keep
alive
their
joy
and
their
dreams
for
the
future.
As
parents,
I
don’t
think
we
can
hope
for
anything
more.
1.
How
does
the
author
introduce
the
topic
of
the
passage?
A.
By
describing
a
scene.
B.
By
giving
an
explanation.
C.
By
making
a
comparison.
D.
By
providing
an
example.
2.What
effect
can
parents’
mindless
criticism
have
on
children?
A.
They
may
have
a
low
opinion
of
themselves
for
long.
B.
They
may
no
longer
feel
afraid
of
being
made
fun
of.
C.
They
may
want
to
challenge
their
parents’
patience
further.
D.
They
may
work
harder
to
live
up
to
their
parents’
expectations.
3.What
are
parents
advised
to
do
when
a
child
seeks
for
attention?
A.
Point
out
his
weaknesses.
B.
Protect
his
passion
for
exploration.
C.
Comment
on
his
behavior.
D.
Encourage
his
reflection
on
himself.
【答案】DAB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者指出父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看低自己，并建议当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“A
young
girl,
who
enjoys
being
the
center
of
attention,
may
act
out
for
her
friends
and
family.”（一个喜欢成为关注焦点的年轻女孩，可能会在朋友和家人面前表现出来。）可知，第一段是讲述一个年轻女孩的经历，根据第二段“The
girl's
experience
shows
how
people
live
with
shame
when
they
have
been
criticized
(批评)
for
just
being
themselves.”（这个女孩的经历告诉我们，当人们因为做自己而受到批评时，他们是如何羞愧地生活的。）可知，文章是通过举例来引入主题。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The
child
may
conclude
that
he
is
a
bad
person.
Such
casual
criticism
by
parents
can
linger
and
stick
to
children
like
glue.”（这孩子可能断定他是一个差劲的人。父母这种漫不经心的批评会像胶水一样粘在孩子身上。）可知，父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看低自己。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The
next
time
a
child
shows
you
a
drawing
he’s
done,
or
sings
a
song
for
you
in
an
effort
to
get
your
attention,
recognize
that
your
response
may
be
extremely
important
toward
the
child’s
willingness
to
continue
to
explore
these
creative
efforts.
”（下次当一个孩子向你展示他完成的一幅画，或为你唱一首歌以吸引你的注意时，你要意识到你的反应可能对孩子继续探索这些创造性努力的意愿极其重要。）根据倒数第二段“The
more
encouragement
we
how
then
and
he
more
we
keep
their
sense
of
what’s
possible
alive,
the
more
likely
they
will
be
to
explore
and
find
their
own
enthusiasm
in
life.”我们越鼓励他们，我们越能保持他们对可能发生的事情的意识，他们就越有可能在生活中探索并找到自己的热情。可知，当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。故选B。
（2021·台州市4月调考·阅读理解C篇）
Ever
wondered
if
dogs
can
learn
new
words?
Yes,
say
researchers
as
they
have
found
that
talented
dogs
may
have
the
ability
to
grasp
new
words
after
hearing
them
only
four
times.
While
previous
evidence
seems
to
show
that
most
dogs
do
not
learn
words,
unless
eventually
very
well
trained,
a
few
individuals
have
shown
some
extraordinary
abilities,
according
to
a
study
published
in
the
journal
Scientific
Reports.
“We
wanted
to
know
under
which
conditions
the
gifted
dogs
may
learn
novel
words,”
said
researcher
xuekw
Claudia
Fugazza
from
the
E?tv?s
Loránd
University
in
Hungary.
For
the
study,
the
team
involved
two
gifted
dogs,
Whisky
and
Vicky
Nina.
The
team
exposed
the
dogs
to
the
new
words
in
two
different
conditions.
In
the
exclusion-based
task,
presented
with
seven
known
toys
and
one
new
toy,
the
dogs
were
able
to
select
the
new
toy
when
presented
with
a
new
name.
Researchers
say
this
proves
that
dogs
can
choose
by
exclusion
when
faced
with
a
new
word,
they
selected
the
only
toy
which
did
not
have
a
known
name.
However,
this
was
not
the
way
they
would
learn
the
name
of
the
toy.
In
fact,
when
they
were
presented
with
one
more
equally
new
name
to
test
their
ability
to
recognize
the
toy
by
its
name,
the
dogs
got
totally
confused
and
failed.
The
other
condition,
the
social
one,
where
the
dogs
played
with
their
owners
who
pronounced
the
name
of
the
toy
while
playing
with
the
dog,
proved
to
be
the
successful
way
to
learn
the
name
of
the
toy,
even
after
hearing
it
only
4
times.
“The
rapid
learning
that
we
observed
seems
to
equal
children’s
ability
to
learn
many
new
words
at
a
fast
rate
around
the
age
of
18
months,”
Fugazza
says.
“But
we
do
not
know
whether
the
learning
mechanisms(机制)
behind
this
learning
are
the
same
for
humans
and
dogs.
”
To
test
whether
most
dogs
would
learn
words
this
way,
20
other
dogs
were
tested
in
the
same
condition,
but
none
of
them
showed
any
evidence
of
learning
the
toy
names,
confirming
that
the
ability
to
learn
words
rapidly
in
the
absence
of
formal
training
is
very
rare
and
is
only
present
in
a
few
gifted
dogs.
1.
What
was
the
purpose
of
the
study
published
in
Scientific
Reports?
A.
To
better
train
dogs’
ability
to
learn
new
words.
B.
To
further
confirm
previous
evidence
about
dogs.
C.
To
prove
extraordinary
memory
abilities
of
gifted
dogs.
D.
To
explore
favorable
conditions
for
gifted
dogs’
new-word
learning.
2.
How
did
the
dogs
react
when
exposed
to
two
new
names
in
the
first
condition?
A.
Slow
to
understand.
B.
Quick
to
learn.
C.
At
a
loss.
D.
In
a
panic.
3.
What
was
found
about
dogs’
new-word
learning
in
the
social
condition?
A.
Learning
through
playing
applied
to
most
dogs.
B.
The
social
condition
helped
dogs
learn
new
words.
C.
Dogs’
new-word
learning
turned
out
to
be
less
effective.
D.
Dogs
shared
similar
learning
mechanisms
with
children.
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Gifted
Dogs
Can
Learn
New
Words
Rapidly.
B.
Dogs
Identify
Newly-named
Toys
by
Exclusion.
C.
Dogs
Can
Acquire
Vocabulary
through
Tons
of
Training.
D.
Gifted
Dogs
Have
Similar
Learning
Abilities
to
Humans.
【答案】DCBA
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段“
‘We
wanted
to
know
under
which
conditions
the
gifted
dogs
may
learn
novel
words,’said
researcher
xuekw
Claudia
Fugazza
from
the
E?tv?s
Loránd
University
in
Hungary.”（匈牙利E?tv?s
Loránd大学的研究员Claudia
Fugazza说:“我们想知道这些有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。）可知研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段“In
fact,
when
they
were
presented
with
one
more
equally
new
name
to
test
their
ability
to
recognize
the
toy
by
its
name,
the
dogs
got
totally
confused
and
failed.”（事实上，当给它们一个同样的新名字来测试它们通过名字识别玩具的能力时，狗完全困惑了，并失败了。）可知，在第一种环境下狗非常的困惑。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The
other
condition,
the
social
one,
where
the
dogs
played
with
their
owners
who
pronounced
the
name
of
the
toy
while
playing
with
the
dog,
proved
to
be
the
successful
way
to
learn
the
name
of
the
toy,
even
after
hearing
it
only
4
times.”（另一种情况是社会性的，在这种情况下，狗狗和它们的主人一起玩耍，主人在和狗狗玩耍的同时念出了玩具的名字。结果证明，即使只听了4次，狗狗也能成功地记住玩具的名字。）可推出，在社会性条件下可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ever
wondered
if
dogs
can
learn
new
words?
Yes,
say
researchers
as
they
have
found
that
talented
dogs
may
have
the
ability
to
grasp
new
words
after
hearing
them
only
four
times.”（想知道狗狗能不能学会新单词吗?是的，研究人员称，因为他们发现，聪明的狗狗可能只听四次就能掌握新单词。）以及文章中的案例，可知本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
（2021·天津十二区县联考2·阅读理解C篇）
Thanks
to
its
harsh
environment,
Antarctica
remained
largely
untouched
by
humans
for
many
millennia,
allowing
a
thriving
ecosystem
to
evolve.
However,
since
the
1990s,
the
last
true
wilderness
on
the
planet
is
becoming
an
increasingly
popular
destination
for
adventure-seeking
tourists.
Now,
a
new
study
declares
that
the
visitors
may
be
leaving
behind
harmful
bacteria
which
could
devastate
the
area's
native
bird
population.
Humans
can
infect
animals
with
illnesses
such
as
the
flu.
Researchers,
however,
believed
that
the
Antarctic
animals
were
immune
to
the
danger
due
to
the
continent's
extreme
weather.
However,
microbiologist
Marta
Cerda-Cuellar
was
not
convinced.
She
and
some
colleagues
decided
to
examine
waste
samples
from
Antarctic
birds
for
evidence
of
human
bacteria.
To
ensure
the
waste
was
not
polluted,
the
scientists
had
to
collect
it
from
the
birds
themselves.
The
results
of
their
study
revealed
the
presence
of
several
types
of
human
bacteria
in
the
bird
waste.
This
included
a
common
strain
(品种)
of
bacteria
that
causes
food
poisoning
in
humans.
The
researchers
say
the
bacteria
strains
were
resistant
to
commonly-used
human
antibiotics,
indicating
they
were
brought
in
by
the
visitors,
rather
than
migratory
birds
(候鸟).
“These
strains,
which
are
a
common
cause
for
infections
in
humans
and
livestock,
do
not
usually
cause
death
outbreaks
in
wild
animals,"
says
Gonzalez-Solis.
"However,
the
emerging
or
invasive
pathogens
(病原体)
that
arrive
to
highly
sensitive
populations
could
have
severe
consequences
and
cause
the
local
collapse
and
extinction
of
some
populations."
The
researcher
also
fears
the
presence
of
these
bugs
could
foreshadow
the
arrival
of
other,
more
deadly,
pathogens
as
the
number
of
tourists
people
increases.
Experts
believe
the
only
way
to
prevent
the
mass
destruction
of
the
birds
is
to
impose
stricter
regulations
or,
at
least,
put
the
ones
already
in
place
into
effect.
For
example,
while
the
Antarctica
Treaty
requires
visitors
to
carry
their
waste
back
home
to
safeguard
the
pristine
environment,
the
regulation
is
rarely
enforced.
Nowadays,
some
officials
are
taking
steps
to
save
the
vulnerable
birds
before
it's
too
late.
1.
What
problem
is
Antarctica
facing
according
to
Paragraph
1&2?
A.
The
increasing
number
of
tourists.
B.
The
worsening
wilderness.
C.
The
replaced
native
bird
population.
D.
The
spread
of
infectious
illnesses.
2.
What
docs
the
underlined
word
"devastate"
mean?
A.
Destroy.
B.
Increase.
C.
Protect.
D.
Benefit.
3.
Why
did
the
scientists
need
to
catch
some
Antarctic
animals?
A.
To
treat
their
illness.
B.
To
get
their
waste.
C.
To
raise
them
as
pets.
D.
To
study
their
lifestyles.
4.
What
did
the
scientists
prove
in
their
study?
A.
Bacteria
can
be
killed
by
human
antibiotics.
B.
Extreme
weather
keeps
Antarctic
animals
healthy.
C.
Humans
bring
bacteria
to
Antarctica.
D.
Antarctic
animals
are
immune
to
human
bacteria.
5.
What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
the
prospect
of
bird
population
in
Antarctica?
A.
Indifferent.
B.
Doubtful.
C.
Ambiguous.
D.
Optimistic.
6.
In
what
section
in
a
newspaper
can
you
find
the
passage?
A.
Entertainment.
B.
Travel.
C.
Nature.
D.
Education.
【答案】DABCDC
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述由于南极洲的寒冷人类几千年来没有踏足。然而,自上世纪90年代以来，地球上最后一片真正的荒野正日益成为探险游客的热门目的地。一项新的研究发现游客们可能留下有害细菌，影响鸟类的生存。科学家对此做了研究，建议限制人类旅游的数量。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now,
a
new
study
declares
that
the
visitors
may
be
leaving
behind
harmful
bacteria
which
could
devastate
the
area's
native
bird
population.(现在，一项新的研究表明，游客留下的有害细菌可能会摧毁该地区的本地鸟类种群)”和第二段第一句“Humans
can
infect
animals
with
illnesses
such
as
the
flu.”(人类可以让动物感染流感等疾病)”可知，根据第一和第二段，南极洲面临传染病的传播。故选D。
2.词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中“the
visitors
may
be
leaving
behind
harmful
bacteria(参观者可能留下了有害的细菌)”和划线词后面的“the
area's
native
bird
population.
(当地鸟类的数量)”推知，细菌“摧毁”鸟类种群，所以划线词的意思是“摧毁”。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“She
and
some
colleagues
decided
to
examine
waste
samples
from
Antarctic
birds
for
evidence
of
human
bacteria.
(她和一些同事决定研究南极鸟类的粪便样本，寻找人类细菌的证据)”可知，科学家们捕捉一些南极动物是为了获取他们的粪便。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中“The
results
of
their
study
revealed
the
presence
of
several
types
of
human
bacteria
in
the
bird
waste.
This
included
a
common
strain
(品种)
of
bacteria
that
causes
food
poisoning
in
humans.
(他们的研究结果显示，鸟类粪便中存在几种人类细菌。其中包括一种会导致人类食物中毒的常见细菌)”可知，科学家们在他们的研究中证明了人类把细菌带到南极洲。故选C。
5.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Nowadays,
some
officials
are
taking
steps
to
save
the
vulnerable
birds
before
it's
too
late.
(现在，一些官员正在采取措施挽救脆弱鸟类，以免为时已晚)”可知，作者对南极洲鸟类种群的前景持乐观态度。故选D。
6.推理判断题。根据第一段“Thanks
to
its
harsh
environment,
Antarctica
remained
largely
untouched
by
humans
for
many
millennia,
allowing
a
thriving
ecosystem
to
evolve.
However,
since
the
1990s,
the
last
true
wilderness
on
the
planet
is
becoming
an
increasingly
popular
destination
for
adventure-seeking
tourists.
Now,
a
new
study
declares
that
the
visitors
may
be
leaving
behind
harmful
bacteria
which
could
devastate
the
area's
native
bird
population.
(由于其恶劣的环境，南极洲在数千年的时间里基本上没有受到人类的影响，使得一个繁荣的生态系统得以进化。然而，自上世纪90年代以来，地球上最后一片真正的荒野正日益成为寻求冒险的游客的热门目的地。现在，一项新的研究表明，游客留下的有害细菌可能会摧毁该地区的本地鸟类种群)”推知，这篇文章来自报纸的“自然”栏目。故选C。
（2021·宝坻区三模·阅读理解C篇）
Most
humans
are
able
to
recognize
about
1
million
different
colors,
but
some
people
can't
recognize
this
many
because
of
something
called
colorblindness(色盲).
In
rare
cases,
some
people
can't
see
any
colors
at
all.
There
are
three
cone-shaped(锥形的)cells
at
the
back
of
our
eyes
that
allow
us
to
see
colors.
These
cells
absorb
tight
waves
and
send
a
message
to
the
brain,
where
the
image
is
processed.
If
something
is
wrong
with
these
cone-shaped
cells,
this
can
result
in
colorblindness.
Thankfully,
special
color-correcting
glasses
have
already
been
made
to
help
fix
some
types
or
colorblindness.
Now,
according
to
research
published
in
Optics
Letters,
scientists
have
provided
another
choice.
Sharon
Karepov
and
Tal
Ellenbogen,
engineers
from
Tel
Aviv
University
in
Israel,
have
found
a
way
to
apply
this
technology
to
contact
lenses(隐形眼镜).
This
is
good
news
for
the
millions
of
people
worldwide
who
suffer
from
colorblindness.
One
of
the
most
common
types
of
colorblindness
is
red-green
colorblindness.
People
who
have
this
specific
type
have
difficulty
telling
the
colors
red
and
green
apart.
"Problems
with
distinguishing
red
from
green
stop
simple
daily
routines
such
as
deciding
whether
a
banana
is
ripe,"
Karepov
explained.
Karepov
also
stressed
the
importance
of
applying
this
finding
to
create
special
contact
lenses
instead
of
relying
on
color-correcting
glasses.
"Glasses
based
on
this
correction
concept
are
commercially
available.
However,
they
are
too
big
than
contact
lenses."
Karepov
said.
"Our
contact
lenses
create
a
customized,
compact
and
durable(耐用的)way
to
deal
with
these
shortcomings."
This
new
research
is
groundbreaking.
In
addition
to
offering
those
who
are
colorblind
another
option,
it
may
lead
to
solutions
for
other
visual
damage.
1.
What
can
cause
colorblindness,
according
to
the
article?
A.
Only
one
type
of
cone-shaped
cell
exists
in
the
eyes.
B.
Cone-shaped
cells
cannot
process
images
received.
C.
The
brain
fails
to
absorb
and
process
light
waves.
D.
Cone-shaped
cells
probably
don't
work
properly.
2.
What
is
true
about
people
with
colorblindness?
A.
They
can
recognize
1
million
different
colors.
B.
They
are
not
interested
in
colorful
stuff.
C.
They
may
find
daily
tasks
more
difficult.
D.
They
have
fewer
cone-shaped
cells
than
other
people.
3.
What
does
"this
technology"
means
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Three
cone-shaped
cells.
B.
Special
color-correcting
glasses.
C.
Processed
image.
D.
Red-green
colorblindness
type.
4.
What
is
the
advantage
of
the
contact
lenses
over
the
glasses?
A.
They
are
much
smaller.
B.
They
are
easier
to
make.
C.
They
are
much
cheaper.
D.
They
can
help
correct
colorblindness.
5.
Why
is
Sharon
Karepov
and
Tal
Ellenbogen's
research
groundbreaking?
A.
It
has
led
to
a
cure
for
colorblindness.
B.
It
has
found
causes
of
visual
damage.
C.
It
could
lead
to
solutions
for
other
visual
damage.
D.
It
has
helped
to
develop
glasses
to
fix
visual
damage.
【答案】DCBAC
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列特拉维夫大学的工程师Sharon
Karepov和
Tal
Ellenbogen已经研制出一种特殊眼镜来帮助修复一些色盲，文章还分析了色盲群体中视觉缺陷的原因，并介绍了一些目前正在进行的有效的，可行的，对于视力缺陷者有帮助的方法。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段“If
something
is
wrong
with
these
cone-shaped
cells,
this
can
result
in
colorblindness.(如果这些锥形细胞出了问题，就会导致色盲。)”可知锥形细胞出问题，运转不适会导致色盲，故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段“People
who
have
this
specific
type
have
difficulty
telling
the
colors
red
and
green
apart.
"Problems
with
distinguishing
red
from
green
stop
simple
daily
routines
such
as
deciding
whether
a
banana
is
ripe,"
Karepov
explained.(有这种特殊类型的人很难区分红色和绿色。Karepov解释说:“区分红色和绿色的问题妨碍了一些简单的日常习惯，比如判