外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas 同步习题（word版含答案）

Unit
5　Part
1
Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
【基础训练】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Snow
forced
many
drivers
to
________
(放弃)
their
vehicles.
2．He
was
so
irresponsible
that
I
decided
to
________
(解雇)
him.
3．It
is
one
of
the
great
unsolved
________
(奥秘)
of
this
century.
4．His
lack
of
experience
had
led
to
his
________
(衰败).
5．Don't
let
negativity
________
(毁坏)
your
motivation.
6．The
rapid
________
(扩大)
of
cities
can
cause
social
and
economic
problems.
7．James
Brindley
is
recognized
as
one
of
the
leading
________
(运河)
engineers.
8．In
ninth
grade,
he
studied
________
(天文学)
and
the
origin
of
the
universe.
9．The
________
(旋风)
brought
misery
to
thousands
of
people.
10．Millions
of
people
are
threatened
with
starvation
as
a
result
of
________
(超级干旱)
and
poor
harvests.
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
correspond
to,
apply...to...,
on
top
of,
all
the
more,
at
one's
peak,
fall
into
ruin,
on
the
decline,
turn
into,
than
usual
1．His
success
is
________________
remarkable
when
you
consider
his
poor
performance
last
season.
2．After
graduation
from
university,
I'll
________
what
I
have
learned
________
everyday
life.
3．As
we
know,
the
British
Empire
was
________________
in
the
mid
19th
century.
4．The
written
record
of
his
conversation
didn't
________________
what
was
actually
said.
5．________________
that,
there
would
be
medical
costs
involved.
6．A
flood
had
hit
the
area
earlier
and
the
damage
it
caused
was
driving
away
a
number
of
birds.
Besides,
the
number
of
snakes
was
________________
as
well.
7．It
poured,
it
hailed,
it
thundered,
and
the
lightning
was
so
bright
that
it
________
the
night
________
day.
8．This
year's
event
will
take
place
on
June
19th,
a
week
earlier
________________．
9．Many
ancient
sculptures
________________
after
the
earthquake.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．With
the
________
(expand)
of
cities,
many
people
sell
their
old
houses
in
the
countryside
and
move
into
new
flats
in
cities.
2．The
old
lady
was
so
kind
that
she
adopted
many
________
(abandon)
cats
and
dogs.
3．There
is
something
________
(mystery)
about
the
childhood
of
this
famous
writer.
4．As
she
was
getting
older,
her
mental
faculties
were
________
the
decline.
5．________
(bury)
his
face
in
his
hands,
he
tried
to
control
his
weeping.
6．Today
there
are
still
castles
all
over
the
country.
Some
are
in
________
(ruin).
But
some
built
later
are
still
in
good
repair
and
used
even
today.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The
Mysteries
of
the
Maya
Extending
south
from
parts
of
what
we
now
know
as
Mexico
into
Central
America,
Maya
civilisation
1.________
(surround)
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.
The
Maya
built
2.________(impress)
palaces
and
temples.
3.________
is
most
extraordinary
about
these
complex
structures
is
how
they
were
built
without
the
use
of
wheels,
metal
tools
or
even
animal
power.
They
applied
their
understanding
of
mathematics
and
astronomy
4.________
the
Maya
calendar,
which
was
accurate
to
within
30
seconds
per
year.
On
top
of
all
this
was
an
achievement
unique
in
the
Americas
at
that
time:
a
true
writing
system.
It
was
a
writing
system
so
complicated
that,
so
far,
no
one
has
been
able
to
interpret
it
5.________
(complete).
The
fact
that
Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive
makes
its
achievements
more
incredible
and
mysterious.
Meanwhile,
the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
6.________
(think)
about
our
past,
present
and
future.
By
700
AD,
Maya
civilisation
was
at
7.________
(it)
peak.
Yet,
within
a
couple
of
generations,
it
began
to
mysteriously
decline.
The
cities
were
left
8.________
(take)
back
by
the
jungle.
Some
research
seems
to
indicate
that
the
Maya
people
themselves
may
have
played
a
part
in
their
downfall.
Research
also
suggests
that
those
natural
9.________
(disaster)
may
have
led
to
the
decline
of
the
Maya.
10.________
the
reasons,
Maya
civilisation
largely
disappeared
within
the
deep
jungle.
【能力提升】
Ⅰ.阅读
It
seems
we
can't
get
off
the
planet
fast
enough.
Two
thirds
of
NASA's
money
is
spent
on
manned
space
exploration.
We've
seen
all
we
can
see
on
Earth,
right?
Wrong.
The
final
place
is
here,
under
the
surface
of
the
sea.
When
we
are
heading
down
into
the
ocean,
human
limits
are
quickly
reached.
At
a
depth
of
200
metres,
the
water
is
as
black
as
a
moonless
night.
Most
nuclear
submarines
(核潜艇)
would
implode
(内爆)
before
they
reach
1
km
down.
At
a
depth
of
3
km—still
less
than
the
average
depth
of
the
ocean—there's
a
good
chance
that
you'll
discover
a
new
species.
The
deepest?diving
whales
go
no
further.
At
the
very
bottom,
about
11
km
down,
lies
the
Challenger
Deep,
the
deepest
part
of
the
Mariana
Trench
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
Twelve
humans
have
walked
on
the
Moon,
but
only
three
have
seen
the
Challenger
Deep
with
their
own
eyes.
Yet
things
live
down
there.
Big
things.
A
very
loud
sound
was
once
heard
and
scientists
suggested
that
it
was
produced
by
an
animal
bigger
than
a
blue
whale,
the
largest
creature
known
on
the
planet.
In
the
late
1990s,
a
deep?water
submarine
was
dropped
in
the
Southern
Ocean,
and
passing
4，000
metres,
it
discovered
something
huge
passing
under
it.
Surprised?
Don't
be.
The
ocean
covers
71%
of
the
planet's
surface
and
we've
studied
less
than
5%
of
it.
We
know
more
about
the
dark
side
of
the
Moon
than
about
the
bottom
of
the
sea.
One
reason
that
we
explore
space
is
to
find
evidence
of
other
life
forms.
The
search
for
life
outside
of
Earth
is
important,
but
robots
can
look
under
the
dry
rock
on
Mars
better
than
humans.
They're
absolutely
important
for
doing
ocean
research
too,
but
they
can't
look
under
the
sea.
The
cost
of
exploration
is
rising,
but
the
results
would
benefit
all
our
lives.
Perhaps
now
it's
time
to
begin
a
new
period
of
sea
exploration.
Manned
exploration
of
space
is
science
fiction.
The
adventure
in
the
deep
sea
is
a
science
fact.
1．What
do
the
examples
in
Paragraph
2
suggest?
A．Sea
exploration
is
no
easy
task.
B．Nuclear
submarines
need
to
be
improved.
C．The
ocean
is
far
deeper
than
people
expected.
D．The
condition
under
the
sea
is
similar
to
that
on
the
Moon.
2．What
do
we
know
about
the
Challenger
Deep?
A．Blue
whales
live
there.
B．No
one
has
ever
been
there.
C．People
are
terrified
at
the
sight
of
it.
D．It
is
the
deepest
known
location
in
the
ocean.
3．What
does
the
author
think
of
the
discovery
in
the
Southern
Ocean?
A．It's
surprising.
B．It's
no
wonder.
C．It's
worrying.
D．It's
no
success.
4．What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us?
A．Space
exploration
is
of
little
value.
B．We
spend
too
much
money
on
space
travel.
C．Humans'
success
lies
in
how
much
they
explore
the
sea.
D.The
ocean
is
the
place
where
we
should
make
our
efforts.
Ⅱ.七选五
Social
media,
magazines
and
shop
windows
bombard
people
daily
with
things
to
buy,
and
British
consumers
are
buying
more
clothes
and
shoes
than
ever
before.
In
Britain，the
average
person
spends
more
than
￡1，000
on
new
clothes
a
year,
which
is
around
four
percent
of
their
income.
__1__
But
it
hides
two
far
more
worrying
trends
for
society
and
for
the
environment.
First，a
lot
of
that
consumer
spending
is
via
credit
cards.
British
people
currently
owe
approximately
￡670
per
adult
to
credit
card
companies.
That's
66
percent
of
the
average
wardrobe
budget.
Also，not
only
are
people
spending
money
they
don't
have，they're
using
it
to
buy
things
they
don't
need.
__2__
People
might
not
realize
they
are
part
of
the
disposable
clothing
problem
because
they
donate
their
unwanted
clothes
to
charities.
__3__
Huge
quantities
end
up
being
thrown
away,
and
a
lot
of
clothes
that
charities
can't
sell
are
sent
abroad,
causing
even
more
economic
and
environmental
problems.
__4__
The
idea
originated
in
Canada
in
the
early
1990s
and
then
moved
to
the
US,
where
it
became
a
rejection
of
the
overspending
and
overconsumption
of
Black
Friday
and
Cyber
Monday
during
Thanksgiving
weekend.
__5__
Throughout
the
year,
Buy
Nothing
groups
organize
the
exchange
and
repair
of
items
they
already
own.
They
send
a
clear
message
to
companies
that
people
are
no
longer
willing
to
accept
the
environmental
and
human
cost
of
overconsumption.
A.That
might
not
sound
like
much.
B．But
charity
shops
can't
sell
all
those
unwanted
clothes.
C.The
British
people
are
deeply
shocked
by
the
unexpected
statistics.
D.However,
a
“buy
nothing”
trend
is
springing
up
in
opposition
to
consumerism.
E．Britain
throws
away
300，000
tons
of
clothing
a
year,
most
of
which
goes
into
landfill
sites.
F．On
Buy
Nothing
Day
people
organize
various
types
of
protests
and
cut
up
their
credit
cards.
G．Fast
fashion
goes
out
of
fashion
as
quickly
as
it
came
in
and
is
often
too
poor
quality
to
recycle.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Last
week
I
went
shopping
in
the
supermarket.
I
got
to
the
front
of
the
__1__
and
put
my
groceries
through
the
checkout.
I
was
about
to
pay,
when
I
__2__
that
I
didn't
have
my
bank
card
with
me.
I
__3__.Then
I
remembered
I
left
it
at
home
when
I
__4__
something
online.
All
I
had
was
$30
notes
and
some
coins
in
my
wallet.
I
was
short
__5__
at
least
$25,
and
I
needed
to
buy
most
of
the
items.
I
started
to
__6__
to
the
checkout
lady.
“I'm
sorry
that
I
stop
the
queue.
Can
I
put
these
things
back?
And
then
I
think
I'll
__7__
these.
Oh,
no,
I
need
these.”
An
Irish
lady
was
__8__
behind
me,
next
in
the
queue.“Excuse
me,
Dear，”
she
said.
“Oh,
I'm
so
sorry，”
I
replied,
“and
I'm
__9__
you
up.”
“Of
course
not.
I
know
__10__
you
feel.
This
happens
to
all
of
us
at
some
point.
Now
please
use
my
__11__
to
pay
the
bill
and
you
can
be
on
your
way.”
I
was
astonished
by
her
kindness,
__12__
even.
No
matter
how
I
insisted
otherwise,
she
was
__13__
to
help
me.
Afterwards
I
asked
for
her
telephone
number
to
__14__
and
pay
her
back.
“No，”
she
said,
“rather
pay
it
forward.
You
may
do
a
good
deed
for
the
next
person
in
need.”
By
helping
others,
can
we
start
the
chain
__15__
of
positive
feeling
and
charity
that
can
benefit
our
whole
society?
1．A.table
B．supermarket
C．queue
D．shelf
2．A.realized
B．knew
C．recognized
D．observed
3．A.hesitated
B．paused
C．panicked
D．struggled
4．A.explored
B．purchased
C．advocated
D．delivered
5．A.by
B．under
C．on
D．with
6．A.cry
B．apologise
C．complain
D．explain
7．A.borrow
B．abandon
C．follow
D．take
8.A.standing
B．supporting
C．blaming
D．retreating
9．A.turning
B．putting
C．joining
D．holding
10．A.what
B．how
C．why
D．when
11．A.card
B．fame
C．income
D．identity
12．A.abnormal
B．anxious
C．embarrassed
D．desperate
13．A.convinced
B．determined
C．excited
D．reluctant
14．A.fit
in
B．get
through
C．look
into
D．get
in
touch
15．A.reaction
B．sympathy
C．satisfaction
D．relationship
Ⅳ.语法填空
Everyone
has
their
own
unique
fingerprint,
1.________
makes
fingerprints
an
ideal
way
to
unlock
smartphones.
However,
this
may
be
2.________
(safe)
than
we
think.
Scientists
at
New
York
University
and
Michigan
State
University
in
the
US
have
developed
a
set
of
fake
fingerprints.
They
say
that
the
prints
3.________
unlock
any
fingerprint?enabled
smartphone
up
to
65
percent
of
the
time.
The
artificial
fingerprints
4.________
(create)
by
using
many
common
features
found
in
human
prints.
They
work
5.________
taking
advantage
of
the
way
smartphone
scanners
check
a
fingerprint.
The
fingerprint
scanners
6.________
(use)
in
smartphones
are
so
small
that
they
only
read
parts
of
fingerprints.
So
they
have
to
take
many
scans
of
your
finger
or
thumb
(拇指)
7.________
they
work
properly.
Smartphones
also
let
users
save
several
finger
and
thumb
prints.
Since
a
print
only
has
to
match
one
of
the
saved
images
8.________
(unlock)
the
phone,
the
scanner
is
more
likely
to
make
mistakes.
Although
the
scientists
have
only
tested
their
findings
in
computer
simulations
(模拟),
9.________
(worry)
about
the
safety
of
using
fingerprints
are
reasonable.
They
warn
that
the
technology
used
to
create
artificial
fingerprints
is
improving
10.________
(extreme)
fast.
参考答案
【基础训练】Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．abandon　2.dismiss　3.mysteries　4.downfall　5.ruin　6.expansion　7.canal　8.astronomy　9.cyclone　10.megadrought
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
1．all
the
more　2.apply　to　3.at
its
peak　4.correspond
to
5．On
top
of　6.on
the
decline　7.turned　into　8.than
usual
9．fell
into
ruin
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．expansion　2.abandoned　3.mysterious　4.on　5.Burying
6．ruins
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．has
been
surrounded　考查动词的时态和语态。根据
since
its
rediscovery可知应用现在完成时，Maya
civilisation与surround之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
2．impressive　考查词性转换。修饰palaces
and
temples应用形容词形式。
3．What　考查名词性从句。________
is
most
extraordinary
about
these
complex
structures为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，因此用连接代词What。
4．to　考查介词。apply...to...把……应用到……。
5．completely　考查副词。修饰动词interpret应用副词形式。
6．thinking　考查非谓语动词。leave
sb.
doing
sth.让某人一直做某事。
7．its　考查代词。修饰名词peak应用形容词性物主代词。
8．to
be
taken　考查非谓语动词。此处用到了“leave
sth.
to
do
sth.”的被动形式，且take
back与The
cities之间为被动关系，故设空处用不定式的被动结构。
9．disasters　考查名词的复数形式。disaster为可数名词，此处被those修饰，因此用复数形式。
10．Whatever　考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。故填Whatever。
【能力提升】Ⅰ.阅读
1．A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Twelve
humans
have
walked
on
the
Moon,
but
only
three
have
seen
the
Challenger
Deep
with
their
own
eyes.”可知，已有12个人在月球上行走过，但是目睹过马里亚纳海沟的最深处，即挑战者深渊的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空，人类对于深海的探索更为艰难。故选A项。
2．D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“At
the
very
bottom，about
11
km
down,
lies
the
Challenger
Deep,
the
deepest
part
of
the
Mariana
Trench
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.”可知，挑战者深渊位于海底大概11千米的位置，是马里亚纳海沟最深的部分，即已知的海洋最深处。故选D项。
3．B　细节理解题。由第四段中的“it
discovered
something
huge
passing
under
it”和“Surprised?
Don't
be.
The
ocean
covers
71%
of
the
planet's
surface
and
we've
studied
less
than
5%
of
it.
We
know
more
about
the
dark
side
of
the
Moon
than
about
the
bottom
of
the
sea.”可知，对于在南冰洋的发现，作者认为不足为奇，因为地球表面71%的面积被海洋覆盖，人类已研究的区域却不到5%。故选B项。
4．D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The
search
for
life
outside
of
Earth
is
important...but
they
can't
look
under
the
sea.The
cost
of
exploration
is
rising,
but
the
results
would
benefit
all
our
lives.”和最后一段可知，探索海底对人类的实际意义重大，所以作者要告诉我们海洋是我们应该努力探究的地方。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
1．A　空前提到“在英国，每人一年平均要花费超过1
000英镑买新衣服，大约是他们收入的百分之四”，A项“那听起来可能不是很多”承接上文，与下文“但是它隐含了两个对社会和环境更令人担心得多的趋势”是转折关系，上下文衔接紧密，A项中That指代空前一句中“more
than
￡1，000”。故选A。
2．E　空前提到“人们不但花他们没有的钱，他们也花钱买他们不需要的东西”，E项“英国一年要扔掉30万吨衣服，大部分都去了垃圾填埋场”对空前提到的“花钱买不需要的东西”具体说明。故选E。
3．B　空前提到“人们可能没有意识到他们自己也是随意处理衣服问题的一部分，因为他们把不想要的衣服捐给慈善机构”，B项“但是慈善商店不能卖掉所有那些不想要的衣服”与空后“大量的衣服最终被扔掉”是讲慈善机构对人们捐的衣服的处理办法，上下文衔接紧密，B项中“charity”和“unwanted
clothes”都与上下文呼应。故选B。
4．D　空处位于句首，是段落主题句，根据本段内容“这个想法源于20世纪90年代早期的加拿大，然后传播到美国，它在美国成为一种在感恩周期间黑色星期五和网购星期一人们超支和过度消费的抵制”可知，D项“然而，一种与消费主义相反的‘不消费’趋势开始出现”切题，空后是对“不消费”趋势的解释说明，空后的“The
idea”指代D项中a
“buy
nothing”
trend。故选D。
5．F　空后“在全年的时间里，‘不消费’群体组织现有东西的交换和维修”是讲述“不消费”群体具体做什么，F项“在‘不消费日’，人们组织各种类型的抗议活动，并且剪碎他们的信用卡”也是说人们的做法，上下文衔接自然，F项中“Buy
Nothing
Day”与本段内容呼应。故选F。
Ⅲ.完形填空
1．C　“我”走到队伍的最前面，把买的东西放到收银台。根据下文中的“An
Irish
lady
was
__8__
behind
me,
next
in
the
queue.”可知“我”在排队结账。table桌子；supermarket超市；queue队伍；shelf架子。
2．A　“我”正要付钱，突然意识到“我”没带银行卡。根据“I
didn't
have
my
bank
card
with
me”可知“我”突然意识到“我”没带银行卡。realize意识到；know知道；recognize认出；observe观察。
3．C　下文说到“我”很需要这些东西，但是带的钱不够，所以“我”一定很惊慌。hesitate犹豫；pause停顿；panic惊慌；struggle奋斗。
4．B　然后“我”想起“我”在网上买东西的时候，把它忘在家里了。根据“something
online”，并且结合上文语境可知“我”是在网上买东西的时候，把银行卡忘在家里了。explore探索；purchase购买；advocate提倡；deliver递送。
5．A　“我”差了至少25美元，并且“我”需要买大部分的东西。根据“at
least
$25”可知，“我”差了至少25美元。by相差……；under在……下面；on在……上面；with随着。
6．B　根据“I'm
sorry
that
I
stop
the
queue.”可知，“我”在向收银员道歉。cry哭；apologise道歉；complain抱怨；explain解释。
7．D　“我”能把这些东西放回去吗？然后“我”想“我”要买这些。根据“Now
please
use
my
__11__
to
pay
the
bill
and
you
can
be
on
your
way.”可知，这里意思是“我”想“我”要买这些东西。borrow借；abandon遗弃；follow跟随；take买，取走。
8．A　一位爱尔兰女士站在“我”身后，排在“我”的后面。根据“next
in
the
queue”可知这里意思是一位爱尔兰女士站在“我”身后，stand站立；support支持；blame责备；retreat后退，离开，躲避。
9．D　根据“Of
course
not.”可知，作者以为自己阻挡了这位爱尔兰女士付款。turn
up出现；put
up举起；join
up参军；hold
up阻挡。
10．B　“我”知道你感受如何(how)。“__10__
you
feel”是一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中表示“如何，怎样”。故用how。
11．A　现在请用我的卡付账，然后你就可以走了。根据上文可知，作者没有带卡，所以这里指的是用女士的卡付账。card卡；fame名声；income收入；identity身份。
12．C　“我”对她的好意感到惊讶，甚至有些尴尬。根据生活常识，当自己身上带的钱不够，有陌生人提出帮忙付款时，会感到尴尬。abnormal不正常的；anxious担忧的；embarrassed尴尬的；desperate绝望的。
13．B　不管“我”怎么坚持，她还是决心帮助“我”。根据“Afterwards
I
asked
for
her
telephone
number
to
__14__
and
pay
her
back.”可知，此处表示她还是决心帮助“我”。convinced确信的；determined坚决的；excited激动的；reluctant不情愿的。
14．D　之后，“我”向她要了电话号码，以便联系她还钱。根据“pay
her
back”可知，“我”向她要了电话号码，以便联系她还钱。fit
in适应；get
through完成；look
into调查；get
in
touch取得联系。
15．A　通过帮助他人，我们是否可以启动积极情感和慈善的连锁反应，从而造福我们整个社会？根据上文中的“rather
pay
it
forward.
You
may
do
a
good
deed
for
the
next
person
in
need.”可知，此处指“连锁反应”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
1．which　考查定语从句。句意：每个人都有自己独特的指纹，这使指纹成为解锁智能手机的理想方式。指纹能成为解锁智能手机的方式，是因为指纹是独特的。此空应指代前面“每个人都有自己独特的指纹”这件事，空处引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
2．less
safe　考查形容词的比较级。句意：然而，这可能没有我们想象的那么安全。根据后文可知，指纹解锁没有想象中的安全，同时根据句中“than”可以推测此处应用比较级。故填less
safe。
3．can　考查情态动词。科学家研制出了一套假指纹，他们说，这套指纹能解锁任何使用指纹的智能手机的几率高达65%。此处表示能力，意为“能，会”，应用情态动词can。
4．were
created/have
been
created　考查时态和语态。句意：人工指纹是利用在人类指纹中发现的许多共同特征创造出来的。主语The
artificial
fingerprints与create为动宾关系，故用被动语态。人工指纹是过去创造的，或表示现在已经完成的，可以用一般过去时或者现在完成时。故填were
created或者have
been
created。
5．by　考查介词。句意：它们利用智能手机扫描仪检查指纹的方式工作。work
by
doing
sth.通过某种方式工作。故填by。
6．used　考查非谓语动词。句意：智能手机上使用的指纹扫描仪非常小，只能读取部分指纹。use和The
fingerprint
scanners是动宾关系，用过去分词used做定语。
7．before　考查连词。句意：因此在它们正常工作之前，必须对你的手指或拇指进行多次扫描。根据逻辑关系可以推理，在智能手机使用指纹解锁功能之前，需要扫描手指上的指纹。故填before。
8．to
unlock　考查非谓语动词。句意：因为指纹只需要匹配其中一张保存的图片就可以解锁手机，所以扫描仪更有可能出错。此处用动词不定式表目的。故填to
unlock。
9．worries　考查名词复数。句意：关于使用指纹的安全性的担忧是合理的。该空做主句主语，用名词。根据句中系动词“are”可知，主语为复数形式worries。
10．extremely　考查副词。句意：他们警告说，用于创造人工指纹的技术发展得极快。修饰形容词“fast”，应用副词extremely。