2022届高考英语二轮复习： 名词性从句学案（word版含答案、解析）

2022届高考英语二轮复习：
名词性从句学案
[高考播报]
高考最热点
全国卷考频
新高考全国Ⅰ卷考频
命题热考向
高考新变化
名词性从句
3年1考
0考
名词性从句以考查宾语从句为主
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷词汇及句式的复杂性有所提高，没有考查名词性从句
【典题试做】
1．(2020·浙江卷7月)Over
thousands
of
years,
they
began
to
depend
less
on
____________
could
be
hunted
or
gathered
from
the
wild,
and
more
on
animals
they
had
raised
and
crops
they
had
sown.
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空格处表示“……的事物”，故填what。
答案：what
2．(2020·天津卷7月)The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
____________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。空格处表示“教授所说的……”，故应用what引导宾语从句。
答案：what
3．(2020·江苏卷)It
is
not
a
problem
____________
we
can
win
the
battle;
it's
just
a
matter
of
time.
解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，It是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether。
答案：whether
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°，
there
is
evidence____________
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
答案：that
5．(2019·北京卷)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
____________
they
go.
解析：考查宾语从句。在介词than
后用where
引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比去哪里上大学更加重要”。故填where。
答案：where
6．(2018·北京卷)This
is
____________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——面对困难总是抱有最大的希望。分析句子结构和根据句意可知，表语从句中taught
me后缺少直接宾语“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。
答案：what
考点一　主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
引导词
作用
that、whether、if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，但一般不可省略。当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if
what、who、whose、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
how、when、where、
why等
在从句中作状语
◆(安徽卷)The
limits
of
a
person's
intelligence,
generally
speaking,
are
fixed
at
birth,
but
whether
he
reaches
these
limits
will
depend
on
his
environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
◆(北京卷)Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.Whatever
you
can
do
helps.　你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你做什么都会有所帮助。
◆(北京卷)What
Barbara
Jones
offers
to
her
fans
is
honesty
and
happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
◆(北京卷)How
we
understand
things
has
a
lot
to
do
with
what
we
feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
◆(江苏卷)Where
Li
Bai,
a
great
Chinese
poet,
was
born
is
known
to
the
public,
but
some
won't
accept
it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
2．it作形式主语的主语从句
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句；
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a
pity/a
shame/no
wonder等)＋that从句；
③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句；
④It＋不及物动词(seem/occur/appear/happen/matter等)＋that从句
◆(湖北卷)It
occurred
to
him
that
he
had
an
important
conference
to
attend
the
next
morning.
他突然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。
◆(天津卷)It
is
obvious
to
the
students
that
they
should
get
well
prepared
for
their
future.　对学生们来说很清楚的一点是，他们应该为未来做好充分的准备。
[名师点津]
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
◆It
is
suggested
that
you(should)
spend
more
time
in
studying
English.　建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
考点二　宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
1．宾语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether/if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
从属连词
that、whether、if
连接代词
what、who、whose、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等
连接副词
how、when、where、why、wherever、whenever等
◆(2018·天津卷)The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
金牌将会颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一名的任何人。
◆(天津卷)She
asked
me
whether
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn't.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
◆(四川卷)Our
teachers
always
tell
us
to
believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。
[名师点津]
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但在下列情况中不能省略：
①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可以省略；③主句中的谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。
◆The
professor
and
his
achievement
that
I
heard
about
are
admired
by
many
people.
我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到了许多人的赞美。
(2)在介词后的宾语从句中，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，而不用if。
◆I
asked
whether
they
could
change
my
ticket.
我问他们是否可以给我换票。
2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句
①动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/that从句；
②动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句；
③短语动词see
to/depend
on/rely
on＋it＋that从句；
④固定搭配take
it
for
granted/owe
it
to
sb.＋that从句
◆I
shall
see
to
it
that
he
is
taken
good
care
of
when
you
are
absent.　你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
◆I
think
it
necessary
that
we
take
plenty
of
boiled
water
every
day.　我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
[名师点津]
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句需与主句的时态保持一致。当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句需用相应的过去的某种时态；当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句需用一般现在时。
考点三　表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。
1．表语从句的引导词
引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
从属连词
that、whether
连接代词
what、who、whose、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等
连接副词
how、when、where、why、wherever、whenever等
◆(北京卷)The
best
moment
for
the
football
star
was
when
he
scored
the
winning
goal.
这个足球明星最美好的时刻就是他射进制胜球的时候。
◆(上海卷)The
most
important
result
for
the
user
is
that
the
product
does
what
is
intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
2．其他连接词引导的表语从句
(1)as
if/as
though引导的表语从句
as
if/as
though意为“好像、仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be、seem、appear、look、taste、sound、feel、smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
◆The
thick
smog
covered
the
whole
city.It
was
as
if
a
great
black
blanket
had
been
thrown
over
it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑毯扔到了它的上面。
(2)because、why引导的表语从句
①This/That/It
is
why＋表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是……的原因”；
②This/That/It
is
because＋表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/那是因为……”；
③The
reason
why...is
that＋表语从句，意为“……的原因是……”
◆(安徽卷)From
space,
the
earth
looks
blue.This
is
because
about
seventy?one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.　从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
◆He
didn't
work
hard.That's
why
he
was
fired.
他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
考点四　同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
同位语从句在句中作某一个名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。其引导词主要有that、whether、why、who、where、how、when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether意为“是否”，if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
◆(天津卷)The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
that
we
should
have
an
assistant.There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
经理提出一个建议：我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
◆He
asked
her
a
question
whether
they
can
be
friends.
他问了她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。
◆You
have
no
idea
how
worried
I
was!
你不知道我有多着急！
2．常跟同位语从句的名词
常跟同位语从句的名词有advice、fact、doubt、suggestion、hope、demand、conclusion、idea、news、order、request、thought、word、wish、promise、truth、information、message、belief、report、desire、problem、possibility等。
◆(辽宁卷)When
the
news
came
that
the
war
broke
out,
he
decided
to
serve
in
the
army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。
◆(浙江卷)I
made
a
promise
to
myself
that
this
year,
my
first
year
in
high
school,
would
be
different.　我对自己承诺：今年，也就是我高中的第一年，会有所不同。
“两步法”突破名词性从句
第一步　识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步　分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as
if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
[例1]　____________
they
lacked,
though,
was
an
operating
system,
which
is
where
Microsoft
came
in.
[分析]　What　分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入引导主语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少宾语，故应填what，从句意为“他们缺少的东西”。
[例2]　The
result
was
____________
nearly
zero
emissions
were
created
by
the
firing
of
the
56
cannon
shells.
[分析]　that　分析句子结构可知，动词was后是表语从句，从句中成分完整，意义清楚，故应填不充当成分的连词that。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津卷7月)—You
are
a
great
swimmer.
—Thanks.
It's
because
I
have
been
practising
a
lot
these
days.
2．(2021·北京东城一模)How
the
Internet
develops
will
shape
our
future.
3．(2021·广州天河区二模)Perhaps
contrary
to
what
we
used
to
think
of
the
US
high
school
students,
they
pay
more
attention
to
their
academic
performance
to
try
to
get
into
a
distinguished
university.
4．(2021·浙江五校联考)All
of
us
held
the
same
view
that
environmental
protection
is
so
important
for
our
life.
5．(2021·福建泉州质检)I
have
failed
over
and
over
again
in
my
life,
but
I
never
give
up.
And
that
is
why
I
succeed.
6．(2021·福建三明模拟)It
doesn't
matter
whether
the
person
is
their
master
or
not.
The
dogs
have
an
ability
to
sense
sadness
and
are
attached
to
troubled
souls.
7．(2021·山东滕州一模)Whoever
feels
interested
and
has
a
passion
for
this
topic,
please
sign
up
for
the
contest
as
soon
as
possible.
8．(2021·湖南长郡中学模拟)What
developing
countries
really
need
to
do
is
to
stop
poverty
by
fighting
the
cause
of
it.
9．(2021·厦门双十中学质检)For
instance,
try
to
find
a
time
to
talk
when
your
parents
are
not
angry,
tired,
distracted
or
hungry.
A
good
time
to
talk
is
when
you're
all
relaxed.
10．(2021·宁波质检)The
kids
didn't
see
where
he
came
from,
but
they
saw
exactly
what
happened
next.
11．(2021·吉林普通高中调研)It
is
possible
that
caffeine
may
cause
birth
defects
(缺陷)
in
humans,
too.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021·泰安二模)Wu
Yu,
a
nurse
in
the
1.____________(three)
medical
team
dispatched
to
Wuhan
from
Xiangya
Hospital,
Hunan,
didn't
expect
her
wish
would
come
true
so
soon.
On
the
eve
of
International
Women's
Day,
she
made
a
special
wish
during
2.___________
on?camera
interview
3.___________
Argentinian
superstar
footballer
Lionel
Messi
could
send
her
8?year?old
son
a
jersey.
“I
believe
a
jersey
from
Messi
would
definitely
encourage
my
boy
4.____________(become)
a
member
of
the
national
youth
training
team，”
the
mother
said.
That
night,
the
official
Weibo
account
of
Argentina's
national
football
team
5.____________(respond):
“Hello,
nurse
mother!
After
hearing
your
wish,
we
are
going
to
send
you
a
No.10
Messi
jersey.
We
hope
your
son
can
have
a
6.____________
(bright)
future
after
wearing
his
idol's
shirt！”
Coming
out
of
the
hospital
after
a
night
shift,
Wu
received
the
good
news
the
next
morning.
“I
didn't
7.____________(real)
expect
this
wish
to
come
true
because
I
just
wanted
to
encourage
my
son，”
she
said.
One
of
the
8.____________(reason)
she
had
requested
to
join
the
fight
against
coronavirus
in
Wuhan
is
that
she
wanted
to
set
a
good
example
9.____________
her
son
at
the
age
of
8,
10.____________(tell)
him
that
no
difficulty
can
stop
people
from
chasing
their
dreams.
【解题导语】　一位护士妈妈吴雨在接受电视采访时许了一个特别的愿望，希望阿根廷足球巨星里奥内尔·梅西能送给她8岁的儿子一件球衣来激励儿子，最后她愿望成真。
1．third　解析：考查序数词。“in
the
third
medical
team”意为“第三医疗队”。此处应用序数词，故填third。
2．an　解析：考查冠词。句意：在国际妇女节前夕，她在接受电视采访时许了一个特别的愿望，希望阿根廷足球巨星里奥内尔·梅西能送给她8岁的儿子一件球衣。此处表泛指，其后的on?camera的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．that　解析：考查同位语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处“Argentinian
superstar
footballer
Lionel
Messi
could
send
her
8?year?old
son
a
jersey”为从句，该从句解释其前的“a
special
wish”，因此判定为同位语从句，且从句句意完整，应用that引导，故填that。
4．to
become　解析：考查固定搭配。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to
become。
5．responded　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：当晚，阿根廷国家足球队的官方微博账号做出回应。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填responded。
6．brighter　解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：我们希望您的儿子穿上偶像的球衣后能够有一个更加光明的未来。根据句意可知，他们希望通过送出偶像的球衣，使吴雨的儿子受到鼓励，未来更加光明，故填brighter。
7．really　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填really。
8．reasons　解析：考查名词的数。根据其前的修饰语“One
of
the(……之一)”可知，此处应填名词的复数形式，故填reasons。
9．for　解析：考查固定搭配。“set
an
example
for
sb.”意为“为某人做榜样”，故填for。
10．telling　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她要求在武汉参加抗击新冠病毒战斗的原因之一是，她想给8岁的儿子树立一个好榜样，告诉他没有任何困难可以阻止人们追逐自己的梦想。分析句子结构和根据句意可知，所给词汇tell与句中主语she为主动关系，在此处作状语，应用现在分词形式，故填telling。