上海市实脸学校2020学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语复习卷
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A10%
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
used
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
A
poet,
painter,
and
architect,
as
well
as
a
sculptor,
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
famously
said,
“T
saw
the
angel
in
the
marble
and
carved
until
I
set
him
free”.
He
was
considered
the
greatest
artist
of
his
time
and
is
still
seen
as
one
of
the
greatest
of
all
time.
And
one
of
his
marvelous
works
stretches
across
the
ceiling
of
the
Sistine
Chapel,
which
____1____(get)
the
annual
checkup
right
now.
For
a
whole
month
each
year,
from
5:30
to
midnight,
when
all
the
tourists
are
gone,
a
team
from
the
Vatican
comes
in
to
clean
up,
check
for
damage
and
report
on
the
health
of
some
of
The
world's
most
treasured
art.
It’s
a
painstaking
process:
scaffolding
must
be
erected
and
taken
down
each
night
and
____2____not
be
attached
to
the
walls
to
avoid
damaging
the
paintings.
One
of
the
biggest
problems
of
the
Sistine
Chapel
is
humidity.
25,000
visitors
a
day
posed
a
risk
for
the
paintings.
When
we
visit
the
Sistine
Chapel,
we
bring
in
humidity
and
we
heat
the
environment
like
a
bulb,
80-watt
bulb.
To
combat
humidity,
there
are
30
hidden
sensors
____3____
(measure)
temperature,
air
circulation
and
the
number
of
visitors
in
the
chapel.
The
famous
frescoes
painted
in
this
chapel
are
over
500
years.
Back
then,
there
was
no
artificial
lighting.
And
being
the
pope's
private
chapel,
far
fewer
people
came
through
here
as
well.
So
cleaning
and
restoration
wasn't
really
a
priority
then.
Today,
with
new
technology
and
lighting,
not
only
____4____(be)
there
better
cleaning
but
it
also
has
revealed
to
restorers
the
true
colors
used
by
Michelangelo.
After
a
cleaning
and
restoration
in
the
1990s
the
world
was
shocked
____5____(discover)
that
Michelangelo
actually
used
vivid
greens,
purples
and
reds
because
for
centuries
it
was
assumed
that
he
painted
in
dark,
subdued
tones.
But
that
was
only
the
accumulation
of
dirt
and
grime.
____6____you're
in
the
Sistine
Chapel,
look
out
for
little
black
marks,
squares
and
triangles
on
some
of
the
paintings.
They're
called
witnesses,
deliberately
____7____(leave)
as
evidence
for
future
restorers
to
give
an
idea
of
just
how
dark
the
paintings
were
before.
____8____(make)
sure
the
colors
stay
vibrant,
a
color
team
measures
any
changes
to
tone
by
taking
pictures
of
the
frescoes
with
a
multi-wavelength
camera
____9____is
then
analyzed
by
a
computer.
Dr,
Fabio
Morresi
is
in
charge
of
color
analysis,
t4We
can
see
the
color
of
every
single
pixel
and
compare
it
throughout
the
years.
It's
important
because
we
can
detect
any
changes
even
before
they
are
visible
_____10_____the
human
eye.
"
【答案】1.
is
getting
2.
can
3.
measuring
4.
is
5.
to
discover
6.
Next
time
7.
left
8.
To
make
9.
which##that
10.
to
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了米开朗基罗的一件杰作——横跨西斯廷教堂的天花板，这座教堂现在正在进行年度检查。介绍了教堂面临的一些问题以及教堂里著名壁画的一些情况。
【1题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他的一件杰作横跨西斯廷教堂的天花板，这座教堂现在正在进行年度检查。根据后文now可知表示动作正在进行应用现在进行时，非限制性定语从句中谓语与先行词the
ceiling
of
the
Sistine
Chapel保持一致，故谓语用单数。故填is
getting。
【2题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：这是一个艰苦的过程：脚手架必须每晚竖起和拆卸，不能固定在墙上，以免损坏画作。结合句意表示“能”应用情态动词can，后跟动词原形。故填can。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了对抗湿度，教堂里有30个隐藏的用来测量温度、空气流通和游客人数的传感器。分析句子结构可知measure在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语sensors构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填measuring。
【4题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，有了新的技术和照明，不仅有了更好的清洁，而且还揭示了米开朗基罗使用的真实颜色。根据上文today可知，应用一般现在时，且there
be句型中主语为better
cleaning，故谓语用单数。故填is。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪90年代的一次清洁和修复之后，全世界震惊地发现米开朗基罗实际上使用了鲜艳的绿色、紫色和红色，因为几个世纪以来，人们一直认为他的绘画风格是深色、柔和的。此处为be
adj.
to
do
sth.结构，应填不定式。故填to
discover。
【6题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：下次你在西斯廷教堂的时候，注意一些画上的小黑点、正方形和三角形。引导时间状语从句，表示“下次”应用next
time，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Next
time。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被称为目击者，被故意留下作为未来修复者的证据，让他们知道这些画之前有多黑暗。分析句子结构可知leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语witnesses构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填left。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保色彩保持鲜艳，一个色彩小组用多波长相机对壁画拍照，然后由计算机分析，测量色调的变化。分析句子结构可知，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，故用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To
make。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了确保色彩保持鲜艳，一个色彩小组用多波长相机对壁画拍照，然后由计算机分析，测量色调的变化。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词pictures，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：这很重要，因为我们可以在人类肉眼可见之前就察觉到任何变化。结合句意表示“可见的”可知，短语为be
visible
to。故填to。
Section
B
10%
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
aired；B.
insured；C.
operation；D.
streaming；E.
equivalentF.
driver；G.
wide-ranging；H.
involved；I.
additional；J.
injected；K.
brand
Japan's
Prime
Minister
and
the
International
Olympic
Committee
agreed
to
postpone
the
Summer
Olympics
until
20
because
of
the
coronavirus
outbreak.
The
decision,
announced
Tuesday,
has____11____ramifications
for
the
sports
world
as
well
as
for
NBC,
the
network
that
has
become
synonymous
with
the
event.
The
Olympics,
which
were
scheduled
to
take
place
from
July
24
to
August
9
in
Tokyo,
are
both
a
global
athletic
competition
and
a
major
television
event
in
which
NBC
and
its
parent
company,
Comcast
(CMCSA),
are
heavily
invested.
NBC
has____12____every
summer
Olympics
since
1988.
Postponing
this
year's
games
disrupts
multiple
pans
of
NBC,
from
its
ad
revenue
business
to
the
promotion
of
Peacock,
the,
network's
new
____13____service.
“This
is
significant
to
NBC
because
they've
built
their____14____
around
it.
They're
the
network
of
the
Olympics,
said
Jay
Rosenstein,
a
former
vice
president
of
programming
at
CBS
Sports.
"The
peacock
is
intertwined
with
the
rings.”
Rosenstein
added
that
nearly
every
part
of
NBC
is____15____with
putting
together
the
games,
including
its
sports,
news
and
cable
divisions.
Japanese
PM
and
IOC
chief
agree
to
postpone
2020
Olympics
until
20.
"This
is
much
more
than
just
a
two-week____16____for
them.
They
have
to
prepare
for
it
for
years.
Pausing
and
restarting
it
is
a
big
challenge,
Rosenstein
told
CNN
Business.
'It's
also
a(n)
____17____challenge
because
the
Beying
Winter
Games
in
2022
would
likely
only
be
six
months
later
now."
Patrick
Crakes,
a
media
consultant
and
former
Fox
Sports
executive,
said
that
the
Olympics
are
a
“top-five
investment
for
Comcast."
"Every
two
years
the
whole
company
goes
all
in
to
present
one
of
the
world's
unifying
premiere
events,”
M
Crakes
told
CNN
Business,
Ulf’s_____18_____to
turning
around
an
aircraft
carrier
to
do
all
this
again
next
year.
The
games
are
a
huge
advertising
and
ratings____19____.
NBC
Sports
announced
that
it
exceeded
$1.2
billion
in
ad
sales
for
the
upcoming
Olympics
-
a
new
record
for
the
games.
Brian
Roberts,
Comcast’s
CEO,
said
earlier
this
month
that
he
was
"optimistic"
that
the
Olympics
would
lake
place
as
scheduled,
but
added
that
the
company
is_____20_____if
the
games
are
interrupted
or
canceled
by
the
outbreak.
【答案】11.
G
12.
A
13.
D
14.
K
15.
H
16.
C
17.
I
18.
E
19.
F
20.
B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。由于新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，日本首相和国际奥委会同意将夏季奥运会推迟到20年。
周二宣布的这一决定对体育界和NBC都有广泛的影响，NBC已经成为了这一赛事的代名词。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：周二宣布的这一决定对体育界和NBC都有广泛的影响，NBC已经成为了这一赛事的代名词。修饰后文名词ramifications，结合句意表示“广泛的”应用形容词wide-ranging，作定语。故填wide-ranging。故选G。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：自1988年以来，NBC每年都转播夏季奥运会。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“转播”应用动词air，且结合上文NBC
has可知为现在完成时。故填aired。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：推迟今年的奥运会将扰乱NBC的多个业务，从广告收入业务到新流媒体服务Peacock的推广。结合句意表示“流媒体服务”可知短语为streaming
service。故填streaming。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：这对NBC来说意义重大，因为他们的品牌就是围绕着它建立起来的。空处作宾语，表示“品牌”应用名词brand，此处为特指应用单数形式。故填brand。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：罗森斯坦补充说，NBC几乎每个部门都参与了奥运会的筹备工作，包括体育、新闻和有线电视部门。结合句意表示“参与”可知短语为be
involved
with。故填involved。故选H。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：对他们来说，这不仅仅是一个两周的操作。空处作宾语，表示“操作”应用名词operation，冠词a提示用单数。故填operation。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这也是一个额外的挑战，因为2022年的北京冬奥会可能只晚了6个月。修饰后文名词challenge，结合句意表示“额外的”应用形容词additional，作定语。故填additional。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“每隔两年，整个公司都会全力以赴地举办一场全球统一的首映活动，”M
Crakes告诉CNN商业频道，乌尔夫相当于让一艘航空母舰明年再做这些事情。根据句意“相当于”可知短语为equivalent
to。故填equivalent。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些游戏是巨大广告和收视率驱动因素。空处作表语，结合句意表示“驱动因素”应用名词driver，冠词a提示用单数。故填driver。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：康卡斯特首席执行官Brian
Roberts本月早些时候表示，他对奥运会将如期举行持“乐观”态度，但他补充说，如果奥运会因疫情而中断或取消，公司将提供保险。结合句意表示“提供保险”可知应填动词insure，作谓语，结合上文the
company
is可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故填insured。故选B。
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A15%
Directions：
For
each
blank
in
the
Jollowing
passage
there
are
Jour
words
or
phrase
s
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
As
the
world
changes,
our
language
changes
with
it.
That's
why
Merriam-Webster
recently
added
more
than
250
new
words
to
its
online
dictionary,
__________
changes
in
fields
from
lifestyle
to
politics
and
from
business
to
technology.
“These
new
words
have
been
added
to
the
dictionary
because
they
have_____22_____
themselves
in
the
English
language,
and
are
part
of
the
current,
active
vocabulary
of
America.”
Merriam-
Webster
associate
editor
Emily
Brewster
said
in
a
press_____23_____
.
Here
our
newspaper
has
chosen
three
of
the
dictionary’s
new
entries.
Let’s
take
a
look.
Froyo(冻酸奶)
While
ice
cream
has
been
around
for
more
than
100
years,
froyo
or
frozen
yogurt--is
comparatively
new.
Even
though
it
was
first
invented
back
in
the
1970s,
it
only
started
to
gain_____24_____recently,
which
is
why
the
shorter
version"froyo"is
entering
people’s
daily
vocabulary.
Compared
to
ice
cream,
the
main_____25_____
point
of
froyo
is
that
it's
healthier.
It
takes
away
people's_____26_____while
still
allowing
them
to
have
the
satisfaction
of
eating
something
sweet.
As
The
Huffington
Post
put
it,
froyo
is"starting
a_____27_____
in
the
healthier
dessert
industry".
Word
salad(文字沙拉)
It
was
first
used
to
refer
to
a
series
of
words
said
by
people
with
mental
illness.
Just
like
the
vegetables
in
a
salad
bowl,
each
word
makes
perfect
sense
by
itself,
but
when
put
together,
they
become
hard
to
___28___"Dogs
moon
purple
monkey
dishwasher,"
for
example.
Now
the
phrase
is
more
often
used
to
refer
to
the
words
of
a
politician,
although
this
refers
to
the
speaker's
logic
rather
than
their
mental
state.
US
President
Donald
Trump,'s
interviews
are
often
referred
to
as
word
salad._____29_____
,
he
told
an
AP
reporter
in
April:"But
he
said,
will
be
the
greatest
president
but
I
would
also
accept
the
other.
In
other
words,
if
you
do
your
job,
but
I
accept
that.
Troll
(网络喷子)
The
_____30_____meaning
of
"troll"
(巨魔)
is
a
mythical
_____31_____
that
is
huge,
ugly
and
angry
and
lives
in
places
like
caves.
Now
it's
also
used
to
refer
to
the
kind
of
Internet
user
who
_____32_____posts
comments,
some
of
which
seem_____33_____to
hurt
other
people.
Other
phrases
and
usage
have
also
been_____34_____from"troll"
,
including
"Internet
trolling"
--the
act
of
unleashing(发泄)
unfriendly
remarks
online,
and"being
trolled"--which
means
to
fall_____35_____to
a
troll.
.
A.
overtaking
B.
covering
C.
engaging
D.
experiencing
22.
A.
enjoyed
B.
polished
C.
established
D.
trapped
23.
A.
release
B.
congress
C.
negotiation
D.
demonstration
24.
A.
permission
B.
package
C.
popularity
D.
patent
25.
A.
turning
B.
cooling
C.
starting
D.
selling
26.
A.
guilt
B.
taste
C.
appetite
D.
diet
27.
A.
resolution
B.
revolution
C.
recommendation
D.
reservation
28.
A.
interrupt
B.
indicate
C.
interact
D.
interpret
29.
A.
in
a
word
B.
For
instance
C.
All
in
all
D.
As
a
result
30.
A.
cultural
B.
obvious
C.
original
D.
hidden
31.
A.
creature
B.
giant
C.
worm
D.
ghost
32.
A.
dramatically
B.
delicately
C.
disorderly
D.
deliberately
33.
A.
offensive
B.
objective
C.
progressive
D.
productive
34.
A.
evolved
B.
invented
C.
expanded
D.
transformed
35.
A.
civilian
B.
fairy
C.
victim
D.
pedestrian
【答案】.
B
22.
C
23.
A
24.
C
25.
D
26.
A
27.
B
28.
D
29.
B
30.
C
31.
A
32.
D
33.
A
34.
B
35.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是随着时代的变迁，我们的语言也随之变化。韦氏词典也因此收入了很多涉及各领域的新词，并列举出了在美国社会活跃度较高的新词及其解释。
【题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么韦氏词典最近新增了250多个新词，涵盖了从生活方式到政治、从商业到科技等各个领域的变化。A.
overtaking赶上；B.
covering覆盖；C.
engaging从事；D.
experiencing经历。根据句意可知，韦氏词典新增了250多个新词，涵盖（cover）了多个领域，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些新词之所以被收入词典，是因为它们已经在英语中确立了自己的地位，是美国当前活跃词汇的一部分。A.
enjoyed喜爱；B.
polished磨光；C.
established建立；D.
trapped陷入。根据空后内容可知，这些词是美国当前活跃词汇的一部分，所以已经确立（establish）了自己的地位，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦氏词典副主编艾米丽·布鲁斯特在一次新闻发布会上说。A.
release发布；B.
congress国会；C.
negotiation谈判；D.
demonstration说明。根据句意可知，press
release意为“新闻发布会”，与题意相符，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管早在20世纪70年代就有人发明了“froyo”，但直到最近才开始流行起来，这就是为什么“froyo”的简写形式才进入人们的日常词汇。A.
permission许可；B.
package包；包裹；C.
popularity普及；D.
patent专利。根据语境可知，20世纪70年froyo就已经存在，但最近才流行（popularity）起来，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与冰淇淋相比，froyo的主要卖点是更健康。A.
turning转向；B.
cooling冷却；C.
starting开始；D.
selling售卖。根据句意可知
，selling
point意为“卖点”，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它消除了人们的罪恶感，同时仍然让他们有吃一些甜的东西的满足感。A.
guilt犯罪；B.
taste口味；C.
appetite胃口；D.
diet节食。根据空后内容可知，while表示对比，所以是满足感对应犯罪感（guilt），故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如《赫芬顿邮报》所言，froyo正在“开启一场健康甜品行业的革命”。A.
resolution决议；B.
revolution改革；C.
recommendation推荐；D.
reservation预定。根据空前内容可知，消除罪恶感，通过吃健康的甜品来获得满足，这开启了一场健康甜品行业的革命（revolution），故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像沙拉碗里的蔬菜一样，每个单词本身都很有意义，但当它们放在一起时，就很难解释，例如“狗月紫猴洗碗机”。A.
interrupt打断；B.
indicate表明；C.
interact互相影响；D.
interpret说明。根据空后的内容可知，Word
salad这个词很难解释（interpret）故用后文举例说明，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查词组辨析。句意：美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的采访通常被称为“文字沙拉”。例如，他今年4月对美联社记者说:“但他说，我将是最伟大的总统，但我也会接受对方。”A.
in
a
word总之；B.
For
instance例如；C.
All
in
all总之；D.
As
a
result因此。根据语境可知，此处表示“特朗普总统的采访”被称为“文字沙拉”，其后用举例来解释说明，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“troll”的原意是一种虚构的生物，体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方。A.
cultural文化的；B.
obvious明显的；C.
original最初的；D.
hidden隐藏的。根据语境可知，此处解释troll的原意，original
meaning意为“原意”，故选C。
31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“troll”的原意是一种虚构的生物，体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方。A.
creature生物；B.
giant巨人；C.
worm虫子；D.
ghost鬼。根据语境可知，“体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方”
只能是形容某种生物，giant意为“巨人”，一般不用huge来修饰，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在它也被用来指那些故意发表评论的互联网用户，其中一些评论似乎冒犯了其他人。A.
dramatically显著低地；B.
delicately微妙地；C.
disorderly杂乱地；D.
deliberately故意地。根据语境可知，troll现在多指故意发表评论的互联网用户，deliberately意为“故意地”，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在它也被用来指那些故意发表评论的互联网用户，其中一些评论似乎冒犯了其他人。A.
offensive攻击的；B.
objective客观的；C.
progressive进步的；D.
productive生产的。根据句意可知，be
offensive
to意为“冒犯某人”，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“troll”还衍生出其他短语和用法，包括“Internet
trolling”(在网上发表不友好言论的行为)和“being
trolled”(成为troll的受害者)。A.
evolved（使）逐渐形成个；B.
invented发明；C.
expanded扩张；D.
transformed改变。根据文意可知，来自于troll很多和它相关的短语和用法被发明出来（衍生），故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“troll”还衍生出其他短语和用法，包括“Internet
trolling”(在网上发表不友好言论的行为)和“being
trolled”(成为troll的受害者)。A.
civilian平民；B.
fairy仙女；C.
victim受害人；D.
pedestrian行人。根据句意可知，troll衍生出来的短语中being
trolled解释为“被喷”，即喷子的受害者（victim），故选C。
Section
B16%
Directions:
Read
the
following
two
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C,
D,
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
To
live
in
the
United
States
today
is
to
gain
an
appreciation
for
Nahrendorf's
declaration
that
social
change
exists
everywhere.
Technology,
the
application
of
knowledge
for
practical
ends,
is
a
major
source
of
social
change.
Yet
we
would
do
well
to
remind
ourselves
that
technology
is
a
human
creation;
it
does
not
exist
naturally.
A
spear
or
a
robot
is
as
much
a
cultural
as
a
physical
object.
Until
humans
use
a
spear
to
hunt
game
or
a
robot
to
produce
machine
parts,
neither
is
much
more
than
a
solid
mass
of
matter.
For
a
bird
locking
for
an
object
on
which
to
rest,
a
spear
or
robot
serves
the
purpose
equally
well.
The
explosion
of
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
and
the
Russian
nuclear
accident
at
Chernobyl
drive
home
the
human
quality
of
technology;
they
provide
cases
in
which
well-planned
systems
suddenly
went
haywire
and
there
was
no
ready
hand
to
set
them
right.
Since
technology
is
a
human
creation,
we
are
responsible
for
what
is
done
with
it.
Pessimists
worry
that
we
will
use
Our
technology
eventually
to
blow
our
world
and
ourselves
to
pieces.
But
they
have
been
saying
this
for
decades,
and
so
far
we
have
managed
to
survive
and
even
flourish.
Whether
we
will
continue
to
do
so
in
the
years
ahead
remains
uncertain.
Clearly,
the
impact
of
technology
on
our
lives
deserves
a
closer
examination.
Few
technological
developments
have
had
a
greater
impact
on
our
lives
than
the
computer
revolution.
Scientists
and
engineers
have
designed
specialized
machines
that
can
do
the
tasks
that
once
only
people
could
do.
There
are
those
who
declare
that
the
switch
to
an
information-based
economy
is
in
the
same
camp
as
other
great
historical
milestones,
particularly
the
Industrial
Revolution.
Yet
when
we
ask
why
the
Industrial
Revolution
was
a
revolution,
we
find
that
it
was
not
the
machines.
The
primary
reason
why
it
was
revolutionary
is
that
it
led
to
great
social
change.
It
gave
rise
to
mass
production
and,
through
mass
production,
to
a
society
in
which
wealth
was
not
restricted
to
the
few.
In
somewhat
similar
fashion,
computers
promise
to
revolutionize
the
structure
of
American
life,
particularly
as
they
free
the
human
mind
and
open
new
possibilities
in
knowledge
and
communication.
The
Industrial
Revolution
supplemented
and
replaced
the
muscles
of
humans
and
animals
by
mechanical
methods.
The
computer
extends
this
development
to
supplement
and
replace
some
aspects
of
the
mind
of
human
beings
by
electronic
methods.
It
is
the
capacity
of
the
computer
for
solving
problems
and
making
decisions
that
represents
its
greatest
potential
and
that
poses
the
greatest
difficulties
in
predicting
the
impact
on
society.
36.
Why
does
the
author
give
the
examples
of
the
Challenger
and
Chernobyl?
A.
To
show
that
technology
could
be
used
to
destroy
our
world.
B.
To
stress
the
author's
concern
about
the
safety
of
complex
technology.
C.
To
prove
that
technology
usually
goes
wrong,
if
not
controlled
by
man.
D.
To
demonstrate
that
being
a
human
creation,
technology
is
likely
to
make
an
error.
37.
What
docs
the
phrase
'"went
haywire"
in
paragraph
2
most
probably
mean?
A.
were
out
of
range
B.
got
out
of
control
C.
fell
out
of
use
D.
went
out
of
date
38.
According
to
the
author,
the
introduction
of
the
computer
is
a
revolution
mainly
because________.
A.
it
has
a
great
potential
impact
on
society
B.
it
has
helped
to
switch
to
an
information
technology
C.
the
computer
has
revolutionized
the
workings
of
the
human
mind
D.
the
computer
can
do
the
tasks
that
could
only
be
done
by
people
before
39.
In
the
passage,
the
author
clearly
shows
his____.
A.
keen
insight
into
the
nature
of
technology
B
sharp
criticism
of
the
role
of
the
Industrial
Revolution
C.
thorough
analysis
of
the
replacement
of
the
human
mind
by
computers
D.
comprehensive
description
of
the
negative
consequences
of
technology
【答案】36.
D
37.
B
38.
A
39.
A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了技术的含义，技术只有在人类使用他们的情况下才具有技术的品质，同时，因为技术是人类创造的，因此技术也会有出错的时候，也具有人类的一些特征。同时提到了计算机革命所带来的巨大社会变革，计算机解决问题和作出决定的能力代表了它最大的潜力，也给预测其对社会的影响造成了最大的困难。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“The
explosion
of
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
and
the
Russian
nuclear
accident
at
Chernobyl
drive
home
the
human
quality
of
technology;
they
provide
cases
in
which
well-planned
systems
suddenly
went
haywire
and
there
was
no
ready
hand
to
set
them
right.(挑战者航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯在切尔诺贝利的核事故推动了人类的技术质量；它们提供了计划良好的系统突然失控，没有准备好纠正它们的案例。)”并结合下一句“Since
technology
is
a
human
creation,
we
are
responsible
for
what
is
done
with
it.（既然技术是人类创造的，我们就应该对它所做的一切负责。）”可推断，作者给出挑战者号和切尔诺贝利的例子，是为了证明作为人类的创造，技术可能会出错。故选D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文“The
explosion
of
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
and
the
Russian
nuclear
accident
at
Chernobyl
drive
home
the
human
quality
of
technology(挑战者航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯在切尔诺贝利的核事故推动了人类的技术质量)”可知，挑战者号航天飞机爆炸了，切尔诺贝利发生了核事故，因此推断划线句说明：它们提供了计划良好的系统突然失控没有准备好纠正它们的案例。故划线短语与A项“失控”意思相近，故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The
primary
reason
why
it
was
a
revolution
is
that
it
led
to
great
social
change.（它是一场革命的主要原因是它导致了巨大的社会变革。）”可知，作者认为，计算机的出现之所以是一场革命，是因为它潜在地对社会产生了巨大的影响。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Technology,
the
application
of
knowledge
for
practical
ends,
is
a
major
source
of
social
change.(技术,是知识的实际应用，是社会变革的主要来源。)”以及第二段内容可知，前两段作者提到的科技的不可控因素对人类造成的影响，根据第三段的“Few
technological
developments
have
had
a
greater
impact
on
our
lives
than
the
computer
revolution.(很少有技术发展比计算机革命对我们的生活产生更大的影响)”可知，第三段介绍了计算机对人类生活与社会的巨大影响，并结合文章其它内容可推断作者通篇都在讲述科技对人类社会与生活的影响，展示了作者对技术本质的敏锐的洞察力。故选A。
(B)
There
has,
in
recent
years,
been
an
outpouring
of
information
about
the
impact
of
buildings
on
the
natural
environment.
Information
which
explains
and
promotes
green
and
sustainable
construction
design
strives
to
convince
others
of
its
effectiveness
and
warns
of
the
dangers
of
ignoring
the
issue.
Seldom
do
these
documents
offer
any
advice
to
practitioners,
such
as
(hose
designing
mechanical
and
electrical
systems
for
a
building,
on
how
to
utilize
this
knowledge
on
a
practical
level.
While
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
arc
often
considered
synonymous,
in
that
they
both
symbolize
nature,
green
does
not
include
all
that
is
meant
by
sustainability.
Some
elements
of
green
design
may
be
sustainable
too,
for
example
those
which
reduce
energy
usage
and
pollution,
while
others,
such
as
ensuring
internal
air
quality,
may
be
considered
green
despite
having
no
influence
on
the
ecological
balance.
Although
there
are
a
good
many
advocates
of
'green'
construction
in
the
architectural
industry,
this
is
not
enough
to
make
green
construction
come
into
being.
The
driving
force
behind
whether
a
building
is
constructed
with
minimal
environmental
impact
lies
with
the
owner
of
the
building;
that
is,
the
person
financing
the
project.
If
the
owner
considers
green
design
unimportant,
or
of
secondary
importance,
then
more
than
likely,
it
will
not
be
factored
into
the
design.
The
81nmissioning(委托)process
plays
a
key
role
in
ensuring
the
owner
gets
the
building
he
wants,
in
terms
of
design,
costs
and
risk.
At
the
predesign
stage,
the
owner's
objectives,
criteria
and
the
type
of
design
imagined
are
discussed
and
documented.
This
gives
a
design
team
a
solid
foundation
on
which
they
can
build
their
ideas,
and
also
provides
a
specific
standard
against
which
individual
elements,
such
as
costs,
design
and
environmental
impact
can
be
judged.
In
some
cases,
an
owner
may
be
aware
of
the
latest
trends
in
sustainable
building
design.
He
may
have
done
research
into
it
himself
or
he
may
have
been
informed
of
the
merits
of
green
design
through
early
discussion
with
professionals.
However,
firms
should
not
take
it
as
read
that
someone
commissioning
a
building
already
has
a
preconceived
idea
of
how
green
he
intends
the
structure
to
be.
Indeed,
this
initial
interaction
between
owner
and
firm
is
the
ideal
time
for
a
designer
to
outline
and
promote
the
ways
that
green
design
can
meet
the
client's
objectives,
thus
turning
a
project
originally
not
destined
for
green
design
into
a
potential
candidate.
40.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
Explaining
to
owners
why
ignoring
green
issues
is
costly
and
dangerous.
B.
Explaining
to
professionals
how
they
can
influence
clients
to
choose
greener
designs.
C.
Explaining
to
owners
the
importance
of
green
building
design
in
reducing
long-term
damage.
D.
Explaining
to
professionals
why
it
is
important
to
follow
the
correct
procedures.
41.
The
examples
of
green
and
sustainable
designs
given
in
paragraph
2
show
that________.
A.
designs
must
be
sustainable
in
order
for
them
to
be
described
as
green.
B.
for
the
purposes
of
this
paper,
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
have
the
same
meaning.
C.
some
sustainable
designs
arc
green,
while
others
are
not.
D.
some
designs
are
termed
green,
even
though
they
are
not
sustainable.
42.
According
to
paragraph
3,
the
reason
for
the
lack
of
green
buildings
being
designed
is
that________.
A.
few
firms
have
any
experience
in
design
and
constructing
buildings
to
a
green
design.
B.
construction
companies
are
unaware
of
the
benefits
of
green
and
sustainable
designs.
C.
firms
do
not
get
to
decide
whether
a
building
is
to
be
constructed
sustainably.
D.
firms
tend
to
convince
clients
that
other
factors
are
more
important
than
sustainability.
43.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
the
commissioning
process?
A.
It
is
conducted
before
the
building
is
designed.
B.
It
is
a
stage
that
all
clients
go
through
when
constructing
a
building.
C.
It
is
a
step
in
the
design
procedure
in
which
the
clients
goals
arc
identified.
D.
It
provides
the
firm
with
a
measure
of
how
well
they
did
their
job.
【答案】40.
B
41.
D
42.
C
43.
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的重要性以及向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Information
which
explains
and
promotes
green
and
sustainable
construction
design
strives
to
convince
others
of
its
effectiveness
and
warns
of
the
dangers
of
ignoring
the
issue.（解释和促进绿色和可持续建筑设计的信息努力说服他人其有效性，并警告忽视这一问题的危险。）”及全文可知，这篇文章的主要内容是向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“While
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
arc
often
considered
synonymous,
in
that
they
both
symbolize
nature,
green
does
not
include
all
that
is
meant
by
sustainability.（“绿色”和“可持续发展”通常被认为是同义的，因为它们都是自然的象征，绿色并不包括可持续发展的所有含义。）”可推断，第二段给出的绿色和可持续设计的例子表明，一些设计被称为绿色，即使它们不是可持续的。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The
driving
force
behind
whether
a
building
is
constructed
with
minimal
environmental
impact
lies
with
the
owner
of
the
building;
that
is,
the
person
financing
the
project.（建筑对环境的影响是否最小，取决于建筑的所有者；也就是为项目提供资金的人。）”可知，缺乏绿色建筑设计的原因是公司不能决定建筑是否要可持续地建造。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In
some
cases,
an
owner
may
be
aware
of
the
latest
trends
in
sustainable
building
design.（在某些情况下，业主可能了解可持续建筑设计的最新趋势。）”可知，调试过程并不是所有客户在建造建筑时都要经历的一个阶段。故选B。
Section
C
8%
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage
and
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
sentence
that
best
fits
the
context.
Each
sentence
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
sentences
more
than
you
need.
Culture
Insider:
Chopsticks
Chopsticks,
or
kuaizi
in
Chinese,
are
a
pair
of
small
equal-length
tapered
sticks,
usually
made
of
wood,
used
for
eating
Asian
food.
It
is
believed
that
the
first
chopsticks
were
developed
over
5,000
years
ago
in
China.
The
earliest
evidence
of
a
pair
of
chopsticks
made
out
of
bronze
was
excavated
from
the
Ruins
of
Yin
near
Anyang,
Henan
province.
Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.____44____They
are
round
on
the
eating
end
which
symbolizes
heaven,
and
the
other
end
is
square
which
symbolizes
earth.
This
is
because
maintaining
an
adequate
food
supply
is
the
greatest
concern
between
heaven
and
earth.
Chopsticks
are
so
frequently
used
in
daily
life
that
they
have
become
more
than
a
kind
of
tableware
and
have
fostered
a
set
of
etiquette
and
customs
of
their
own.
____45____While
the
principles
of
chopstick
etiquette
arc
similar
in
many
of
these
places,
the
finer
points
may
differ
from
region
to
region,
and
there
is
no
single
standard
for
the
use
of
chopsticks.
Generally,
chopsticks
are
not
used
to
make
noise
or
to
draw
attention,
or
to
gesticulate.
____46____For
example,
you
can
buy
a
pair
of
exquisite
chopsticks
as
a
gift
for
your
friends
and
relatives.
In
Chinese,
Chopsticks'
reads
'kuaizi',
which
means
to
have
sons
soon,
so
a
newly-married
couple
will
be
very
happy
to
accept
chopsticks
as
their
wedding
gift.
Skillful
craftsmen
paint
beautiful
scenery
on
chopsticks
to
make
them
like
fine
artwork.
Many
people
love
to
collect
these
elegant
utensils.
It
has
been
said
that
using
chopsticks
improves
one's
memory,
increases
finger
dexterity
and
can
be
useful
in
learning
and
improving
skills
such
as
Chinese
character
printing
and
brush
painting.
Many
Asian
superstitions
revolve
around
chopsticks
as
well.
For
example,
if
you
find
an
uneven
pair
of
chopsticks
at
your
table
setting,
it
is
believed
that
you
will
miss
the
next
train,
boat
or
plane
you
are
trying
to
catch.
____47____.
A.
Without
chopsticks,
you
can't
even
say
you
are
enjoying
Chinese
food.
B.
Chinese
chopsticks
are
usually
9
to
10
inches
long
and
rectangular
with
a
blunt
end.
C.
Also,
dropping
your
chopsticks
is
a
sign
of
bad
luck.
D.
Today,
chopsticks
serve
many
functions
besides
as
table
ware.
E.
It
is
important
to
note
chopsticks
are
used
in
many
different
parts
of
the
world,
in
many
different
cultures.
F.
These
chopsticks
are
to
be
returned
to
the
dishes
after
one
has
served
himself
or
herself.
【答案】44.
B
45.
E
46.
D
47.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的起源，作用以及象征意义。
【44题详解】
根据上句“Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.”（筷子在中国饮食文化中有重要作用）及下文“They
are
round
on
the
eating
end
which
symbolizes
heaven,
and
the
other
end
is
square
which
symbolizes
earth.”（筷子吃饭的这一头是圆的，象征天空；另一头是方的，象征地球。）可知这一段在讲筷子的形状。B.
Chinese
chopsticks
are
usually
9
to
10
inches
long
and
rectangular
with
a
blunt
end.（筷子通常9-10厘米长，矩形，一头是钝的。）由此可知B符合语境。故填B。
【45题详解】
由上文“Chopsticks
are
so
frequently
used
in
daily
life
that
they
have
become
more
than
a
kind
of
tableware
and
have
fostered
a
set
of
etiquette
and
customs
of
their
own.”可知，筷子现在不仅是用餐工具，而且成为一种文化。E.
It
is
important
to
note
chopsticks
are
used
in
many
different
parts
of
the
world,
in
many
different
cultures.（需要注意的是，筷子在世界上许多不同的地方，在许多不同的文化中使用。）由此可知E符合语境。故填E。
【46题详解】
空格处在段首，是主题句。根据后文可知，这一段在举例说明筷子的作用。D.
Today,
chopsticks
serve
many
functions
besides
as
table
ware.（今天，筷子除了做餐具外，还有更多的功能。）由此可知D符合语境。故填
D。
【47题详解】
根据上文“For
example,
if
you
find
an
uneven
pair
of
chopsticks
at
your
table
setting,
it
is
believed
that
you
will
miss
the
next
train,
boat
or
plane
you
are
trying
to
catch”可知，在餐桌上，如果你的筷子不是一套大小一致的筷子，据说你可能会错过火车，轮船或者航班。由此可知筷子有象征意义。C.
Also,
dropping
your
chopsticks
is
a
sign
of
bad
luck.（筷子掉了也是一种不好的象征）。由此可知C
符合语境。故填
C
。
IV.
Summary
Writing
10%
48.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
As
parents,
we
need
to
help
children
build
towards
future
success
by
developing
persistence.
Persistence
is
what
drives
actions
such
as
finishing
a
task,
pushing
through
frustration,
putting
in
time
and
effort,
or
finding
creative
approaches
to
a
challenging
problem.
The
ability
to
keep
trying
early
in
life
is
linked
to
all
sorts
of
favorable
outcomes
years
later.
There
are
three
main
strategies
for
encouraging
persistence
in
your
child.
The
first
is
modeling
what
persistence
looks
like.
Good
modeling
is
more
effective
when
planned
and
carried
out
with
a
specific
goal
(such
as
developing
honesty,
or,
yes,
persistence)
in
mind.
Parents
who
noticeably
struggle
with
something
that
are
slightly
difficult
at
home,
but
continue
to
pursue
the
activity
anyway,
and
repeat
that
pattern
over
time,
may
naturally
foster
persistence
in
a
child.
It
helps
more
if
they
sometimes
comment:
"Hmm,
that
did
not
work.
Let
me
try
another
way.”
When
you
see
your
child
doing
this
themselves
and
devoting
special
effort
to
a
task,
praise
them
right
then
and
there.
Praise
even
the
smallest
signs
of
effort.
Quickly,
clearly
doing
this
will
increase
the
child's
effort,
which
can,
in
turn,
extend
to
other
activities
and
situations
they
encounter
in
the
future.
In
general,
if
you
spot
the
child
trying
hard
or
harder
than
she
usually
docs
and
working
through
tasks,
praise
them
for
what
they
are
doing.
And
if
you
do
not
see
this
happening,
and
your
child
is
not
doing
something
a
bit
difficult,
you
do
not
need
to
wait.
You
can
provide
opportunities
for
persistence.
That
is,
try
to
combine
modeling
and
praise:
Do
anything
that
involves
some
time
and
effort
together.
Then,
set
small
and
eventually
larger
goals.
Depending
on
how
it
is
going,
have
the
child
do
more
and
more
of
the
task
while
you
keep
him
or
her
company.
However,
your
chosen
activity
should
be
fun
or,
at
least,
a
time
free
of
reprimands
or
harsh
corrections.
【答案】Persistence,
the
capability
to
keep
making
attempts
in
difficulty,
contributes
to
children's
future
success.
To
help
cultivate
it,
parents
can
act
as
models
of
persistence
by
constantly
showing
children
their
continuous
efforts
despite
difficulties,
praise
children
for
trying
harder
than
usual,
and
create
opportunities
by
doing
with
kids
together
a
fun
activity
needing
time
and
efforts,
gradually
encouraging
children's
persistence.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，坚持，即在困难中不断尝试的能力，有助于孩子们未来的成功。要培养毅力，家长可以做毅力的榜样，不断向孩子展示自己在困难中不断努力，表扬孩子比平时更努力，和孩子一起做一个需要时间和努力的有趣的活动，创造机会，逐渐鼓励孩子的毅力。
【详解】1
要点摘录
①As
parents,
we
need
to
help
children
build
towards
future
success
by
developing
persistence.
Persistence
is
what
drives
actions
such
as
finishing
a
task,
pushing
through
frustration,
putting
in
time
and
effort,
or
finding
creative
approaches
to
a
challenging
problem.
②The
first
is
modeling
what
persistence
looks
like.
Good
modeling
is
more
effective
when
planned
and
carried
out
with
a
specific
goal
(such
as
developing
honesty,
or,
yes,
persistence)
in
mind.
Parents
who
noticeably
struggle
with
something
that
are
slightly
difficult
at
home,
but
continue
to
pursue
the
activity
anyway,
and
repeat
that
pattern
over
time,
may
naturally
foster
persistence
in
a
child.
③When
you
see
your
child
doing
this
themselves
and
devoting
special
effort
to
a
task
praise
them
right
then
and
there.
Praise
even
the
smallest
signs
of
effort.
④That
is,
try
to
combine
modeling
and
praise:
Do
anything
that
involves
some
time
and
effort
together.
Then,
set
small
and
eventually
larger
goals.
Depending
on
how
it
is
going,
have
the
child
do
more
and
more
of
the
task
while
you
keep
him
or
her
company.
However,
your
chosen
activity
should
be
fun
or,
at
least,
a
time
free
of
reprimands
or
harsh
corrections.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Persistence,
the
capability
to
keep
making
attempts
in
difficulty,
contributes
to
children's
future
success.
To
help
cultivate
it,
parents
can
act
as
models
of
persistence
by
constantly
showing
children
their
continuous
efforts
despite
difficulties,
praise
children
for
trying
harder
than
usual,
and
create
opportunities
by
doing
with
kids
together
a
fun
activity
needing
time
and
efforts,
gradually
encouraging
children's
persistence.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Persistence,
the
capability
to
keep
making
attempts
in
difficulty,
contributes
to
children's
future
success.运用不定式作后置定语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]
To
help
cultivate
it,
parents
can
act
as
models
of
persistence
by
constantly
showing
children
their
continuous
efforts
despite
difficulties…用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。
V.
Translation
16%
(4+4+4+4)
Direction:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English
using
the
words
given
in
brackets.
49.
据报道，一些过度肥胖的人迷恋于用极端方式减肥，以至于最终都进了医院。(end
up)(汉译英)
【答案】It
is
reported
that
some
obese
people
were
so
obsessed
with
losing
weight
in
an
extreme
way
that
they
ended
up
in
hospital.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词、时态、语态、主谓一致和固定句型。根据汉语原文可知，该句可以用固定句型“It
is
reported
that...”来翻译，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，是主语从句；再根据汉语原文“一些过度肥胖的人迷恋于用极端方式减肥，以至于最终都进了医院”可知，该主语从句也应处理成主从复合句，用
“...so...that...”句型，且陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。主语“一些过度肥胖的人”用短语“some
obese
people”；谓语“迷恋于”用短语
“be
obsessed
with...”表示，因主语是people，所以用一般过去时复数形式“were
obsessed
with”；宾语“用极端方式减肥”用短语“losing
weight
in
an
extreme
way”表示；在that结果状语从句中谓语
“最终都进了医院”用一般过去时态，用短语“ended
up
in
hospital”表示；最后用“It
is
reported
that...”句型和“...so...that...
”结构连接上述成分。故翻译为：It
is
reported
that
some
obese
people
were
so
obsessed
with
losing
weight
in
an
extreme
way
that
they
ended
up
in
hospital.
50.
考古学家问他科学界的朋友们这幅可以追溯到石器时代岩洞壁画是否是真迹。(date)
(汉译英)
【答案】The
archaeologist
asked
his
friends
in
the
scientific
community
whether
the
cave
painting
dating
back
to
the
Stone
Age
was
genuine.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“考古学家”应用单数名词archaeologist，作主语；表示“询问”应用动词ask，作谓语，此处用一般过去时；表示“科学界的朋友们”短语为friends
in
the
scientific
community；后跟whether引导的宾语从句；从句中表示“这幅可以追溯到石器时代岩洞壁画”可翻译为the
cave
painting
dating
back
to
the
Stone
Age；表示“真迹”应用形容词genuine，作表语，从句用一般过去时。故翻译为The
archaeologist
asked
his
friends
in
the
scientific
community
whether
the
cave
painting
dating
back
to
the
Stone
Age
was
genuine.
51.
直到被起诉要求赔偿几百万美元，这个生产商才后悔通过做虚假承诺来宣传产品。(publicize)
(汉译英)
【答案】It
was
not
until
the
manufacturer
was
sued
for
millions
of
dollars
that
he
regretted
publicizing
products
by
making
false
promises.
=Not
until
the
manufacturer
was
sued
for
millions
of
dollars
did
he
regret
publicizing
products
by
making
false
promises.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、强调句或倒装句。not
until
直到……才……；millions
of成百万的；regret
doing
sth.后悔做某事；make
promises许下诺言。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。not…
until句型的强调结构为：It
is/
was
not
until…that…。或者否定词not
until
放在句首，主句部分用部分倒装结构。根据句意，故翻译为It
was
not
until
the
manufacturer
was
sued
for
millions
of
dollars
that
he
regretted
publicizing
products
by
making
false
promises.
=Not
until
the
manufacturer
was
sued
for
millions
of
dollars
did
he
regret
publicizing
products
by
making
false
promises.
52.
这种部分由臭氧空洞造成的流行病本应受到更多重视，但澳大利亚人却并不愿意尽自己的一份力。(part)
(汉译英)
【答案】The
epidemic
caused
in
part
by
ozone
depletion
should
have
been
paid
more
attention
to,
but
Australians
are
not
willing/unwilling/reluctant
to
do
their
part.=More
attention
should
have
been
paid
to
the
epidemic
caused
partly
by
ozone
depletion,=More
importance
should
have
been
attached
on
...
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和非谓语动词。pay
attention
to注意；be
not
willing/unwilling/reluctant
to不愿意；do
one's
part尽自己的职责。should
have
done本应该做某事。逻辑主语epidemic与cause之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。主语The
epidemic
与pay
attention
to之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。陈述现在客观事实，用一般现在时。或者More
attention
与动词pay之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。或者More
importance
与attach之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故翻译为The
epidemic
caused
in
part
by
ozone
depletion
should
have
been
paid
more
attention
to,
but
Australians
are
not
willing/unwilling/reluctant
to
do
their
part.=More
attention
should
have
been
paid
to
the
epidemic
caused
partly
by
ozone
depletion,=More
importance
should
have
been
attached
on
...
Additional
Part
(附加题)
Guided
Writing:
20%
53.
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
近年来，全球掀起了不浪费食物运动(the
No
Food
Waste
campaign)，例如推行打包及食物共享文化，鼓励购买
临期食品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请谈谈你对此现象的看法。(提示词：leftovers剩饭菜nearly
expired
food临期食品)
【答案】In
recent
years,
the
No
Food
Waste
Campaign
has
appeared
in
many
countries
around
the
world.
The
Campaign
appeals
to
people
to
pack
cup
the
leftovers
and
learn
to
share
more
food
with
otherswhile
eating
out
.
It
encourages
people
to
buy
nearly
expired
food
and
sort
out
the
foods
in
the
kitchen
in
order
to
make
full
use
of
them.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
it's
of
great
benefit
for
people
to
save
food
because
food
shortage
is
still
a
big
problem
in
the
world.
Also，people
will
form
a
good
habit
of
eating
and
develop
a
healthy
diet
,which
will
have
a
deep
influence
on
the
young
generation.
From
now
on,
I
will
call
on
more
people
around
me
to
take
part
in
the
Campaign
and
make
a
contribution
to
the
world.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面是提纲式作文，要求考生就近年来，全球掀起了不浪费食物运动(the
No
Food
Waste
campaign)，例如推行打包及食物共享文化，鼓励购买
临期食品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用，谈谈自己对此现象的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：ask→
appeal
to
鼓励某人某事：inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.
→encourage
people
to
do
sth
利用:
use→
make
full
use
of
有好处:
be
useful→
be
of
great
benefit
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The
Campaign
appeals
to
people
to
pack
cup
the
leftovers
and
learn
to
share
more
food
with
otherswhile
eating
out
.
It
encourages
people
to
buy
nearly
expired
food
and
sort
out
the
foods
in
the
kitchen
in
order
to
make
full
use
of
them.
拓展句：The
Campaign
appeals
to
people
to
pack
cup
the
leftovers
and
learn
to
share
more
food
with
otherswhile
eating
out
,
which
encourages
people
to
buy
nearly
expired
food
and
sort
out
the
foods
in
the
kitchen
in
order
to
make
full
use
of
them.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
it's
of
great
benefit
for
people
to
save
food
because
food
shortage
is
still
a
big
problem
in
the
world.
(运用了because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]
Also，people
will
form
a
good
habit
of
eating
and
develop
a
healthy
diet
,which
will
have
a
deep
influence
on
the
young
generation.
(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)上海市实脸学校2020学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语复习卷
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A10%
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
used
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
A
poet,
painter,
and
architect,
as
well
as
a
sculptor,
Michelangelo
Buonarroti
famously
said,
“T
saw
the
angel
in
the
marble
and
carved
until
I
set
him
free”.
He
was
considered
the
greatest
artist
of
his
time
and
is
still
seen
as
one
of
the
greatest
of
all
time.
And
one
of
his
marvelous
works
stretches
across
the
ceiling
of
the
Sistine
Chapel,
which
____1____(get)
the
annual
checkup
right
now.
For
a
whole
month
each
year,
from
5:30
to
midnight,
when
all
the
tourists
are
gone,
a
team
from
the
Vatican
comes
in
to
clean
up,
check
for
damage
and
report
on
the
health
of
some
of
The
world's
most
treasured
art.
It’s
a
painstaking
process:
scaffolding
must
be
erected
and
taken
down
each
night
and
____2____not
be
attached
to
the
walls
to
avoid
damaging
the
paintings.
One
of
the
biggest
problems
of
the
Sistine
Chapel
is
humidity.
25,000
visitors
a
day
posed
a
risk
for
the
paintings.
When
we
visit
the
Sistine
Chapel,
we
bring
in
humidity
and
we
heat
the
environment
like
a
bulb,
80-watt
bulb.
To
combat
humidity,
there
are
30
hidden
sensors
____3____
(measure)
temperature,
air
circulation
and
the
number
of
visitors
in
the
chapel.
The
famous
frescoes
painted
in
this
chapel
are
over
500
years.
Back
then,
there
was
no
artificial
lighting.
And
being
the
pope's
private
chapel,
far
fewer
people
came
through
here
as
well.
So
cleaning
and
restoration
wasn't
really
a
priority
then.
Today,
with
new
technology
and
lighting,
not
only
____4____(be)
there
better
cleaning
but
it
also
has
revealed
to
restorers
the
true
colors
used
by
Michelangelo.
After
a
cleaning
and
restoration
in
the
1990s
the
world
was
shocked
____5____(discover)
that
Michelangelo
actually
used
vivid
greens,
purples
and
reds
because
for
centuries
it
was
assumed
that
he
painted
in
dark,
subdued
tones.
But
that
was
only
the
accumulation
of
dirt
and
grime.
____6____you're
in
the
Sistine
Chapel,
look
out
for
little
black
marks,
squares
and
triangles
on
some
of
the
paintings.
They're
called
witnesses,
deliberately
____7____(leave)
as
evidence
for
future
restorers
to
give
an
idea
of
just
how
dark
the
paintings
were
before.
____8____(make)
sure
the
colors
stay
vibrant,
a
color
team
measures
any
changes
to
tone
by
taking
pictures
of
the
frescoes
with
a
multi-wavelength
camera
____9____is
then
analyzed
by
a
computer.
Dr,
Fabio
Morresi
is
in
charge
of
color
analysis,
t4We
can
see
the
color
of
every
single
pixel
and
compare
it
throughout
the
years.
It's
important
because
we
can
detect
any
changes
even
before
they
are
visible
_____10_____the
human
eye.
"
Section
B
10%
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
aired；B.
insured；C.
operation；D.
streaming；E.
equivalentF.
driver；G.
wide-ranging；H.
involved；I.
additional；J.
injected；K.
brand
Japan's
Prime
Minister
and
the
International
Olympic
Committee
agreed
to
postpone
the
Summer
Olympics
until
20
because
of
the
coronavirus
outbreak.
The
decision,
announced
Tuesday,
has____11____ramifications
for
the
sports
world
as
well
as
for
NBC,
the
network
that
has
become
synonymous
with
the
event.
The
Olympics,
which
were
scheduled
to
take
place
from
July
24
to
August
9
in
Tokyo,
are
both
a
global
athletic
competition
and
a
major
television
event
in
which
NBC
and
its
parent
company,
Comcast
(CMCSA),
are
heavily
invested.
NBC
has____12____every
summer
Olympics
since
1988.
Postponing
this
year's
games
disrupts
multiple
pans
of
NBC,
from
its
ad
revenue
business
to
the
promotion
of
Peacock,
the,
network's
new
____13____service.
“This
is
significant
to
NBC
because
they've
built
their____14____
around
it.
They're
the
network
of
the
Olympics,
said
Jay
Rosenstein,
a
former
vice
president
of
programming
at
CBS
Sports.
"The
peacock
is
intertwined
with
the
rings.”
Rosenstein
added
that
nearly
every
part
of
NBC
is____15____with
putting
together
the
games,
including
its
sports,
news
and
cable
divisions.
Japanese
PM
and
IOC
chief
agree
to
postpone
2020
Olympics
until
20.
"This
is
much
more
than
just
a
two-week____16____for
them.
They
have
to
prepare
for
it
for
years.
Pausing
and
restarting
it
is
a
big
challenge,
Rosenstein
told
CNN
Business.
'It's
also
a(n)
____17____challenge
because
the
Beying
Winter
Games
in
2022
would
likely
only
be
six
months
later
now."
Patrick
Crakes,
a
media
consultant
and
former
Fox
Sports
executive,
said
that
the
Olympics
are
a
“top-five
investment
for
Comcast."
"Every
two
years
the
whole
company
goes
all
in
to
present
one
of
the
world's
unifying
premiere
events,”
M
Crakes
told
CNN
Business,
Ulf’s_____18_____to
turning
around
an
aircraft
carrier
to
do
all
this
again
next
year.
The
games
are
a
huge
advertising
and
ratings____19____.
NBC
Sports
announced
that
it
exceeded
$1.2
billion
in
ad
sales
for
the
upcoming
Olympics
-
a
new
record
for
the
games.
Brian
Roberts,
Comcast’s
CEO,
said
earlier
this
month
that
he
was
"optimistic"
that
the
Olympics
would
lake
place
as
scheduled,
but
added
that
the
company
is_____20_____if
the
games
are
interrupted
or
canceled
by
the
outbreak.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A15%
Directions：
For
each
blank
in
the
Jollowing
passage
there
are
Jour
words
or
phrase
s
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
As
the
world
changes,
our
language
changes
with
it.
That's
why
Merriam-Webster
recently
added
more
than
250
new
words
to
its
online
dictionary,
__________
changes
in
fields
from
lifestyle
to
politics
and
from
business
to
technology.
“These
new
words
have
been
added
to
the
dictionary
because
they
have_____22_____
themselves
in
the
English
language,
and
are
part
of
the
current,
active
vocabulary
of
America.”
Merriam-
Webster
associate
editor
Emily
Brewster
said
in
a
press_____23_____
.
Here
our
newspaper
has
chosen
three
of
the
dictionary’s
new
entries.
Let’s
take
a
look.
Froyo(冻酸奶)
While
ice
cream
has
been
around
for
more
than
100
years,
froyo
or
frozen
yogurt--is
comparatively
new.
Even
though
it
was
first
invented
back
in
the
1970s,
it
only
started
to
gain_____24_____recently,
which
is
why
the
shorter
version"froyo"is
entering
people’s
daily
vocabulary.
Compared
to
ice
cream,
the
main_____25_____
point
of
froyo
is
that
it's
healthier.
It
takes
away
people's_____26_____while
still
allowing
them
to
have
the
satisfaction
of
eating
something
sweet.
As
The
Huffington
Post
put
it,
froyo
is"starting
a_____27_____
in
the
healthier
dessert
industry".
Word
salad(文字沙拉)
It
was
first
used
to
refer
to
a
series
of
words
said
by
people
with
mental
illness.
Just
like
the
vegetables
in
a
salad
bowl,
each
word
makes
perfect
sense
by
itself,
but
when
put
together,
they
become
hard
to
___28___"Dogs
moon
purple
monkey
dishwasher,"
for
example.
Now
the
phrase
is
more
often
used
to
refer
to
the
words
of
a
politician,
although
this
refers
to
the
speaker's
logic
rather
than
their
mental
state.
US
President
Donald
Trump,'s
interviews
are
often
referred
to
as
word
salad._____29_____
,
he
told
an
AP
reporter
in
April:"But
he
said,
will
be
the
greatest
president
but
I
would
also
accept
the
other.
In
other
words,
if
you
do
your
job,
but
I
accept
that.
Troll
(网络喷子)
The
_____30_____meaning
of
"troll"
(巨魔)
is
a
mythical
_____31_____
that
is
huge,
ugly
and
angry
and
lives
in
places
like
caves.
Now
it's
also
used
to
refer
to
the
kind
of
Internet
user
who
_____32_____posts
comments,
some
of
which
seem_____33_____to
hurt
other
people.
Other
phrases
and
usage
have
also
been_____34_____from"troll"
,
including
"Internet
trolling"
--the
act
of
unleashing(发泄)
unfriendly
remarks
online,
and"being
trolled"--which
means
to
fall_____35_____to
a
troll.
.
A.
overtaking
B.
covering
C.
engaging
D.
experiencing
22.
A.
enjoyed
B.
polished
C.
established
D.
trapped
23.
A.
release
B.
congress
C.
negotiation
D.
demonstration
24.
A.
permission
B.
package
C.
popularity
D.
patent
25.
A.
turning
B.
cooling
C.
starting
D.
selling
26.
A.
guilt
B.
taste
C.
appetite
D.
diet
27.
A.
resolution
B.
revolution
C.
recommendation
D.
reservation
28.
A.
interrupt
B.
indicate
C.
interact
D.
interpret
29.
A.
in
a
word
B.
For
instance
C.
All
in
all
D.
As
a
result
30.
A.
cultural
B.
obvious
C.
original
D.
hidden
31.
A.
creature
B.
giant
C.
worm
D.
ghost
32.
A.
dramatically
B.
delicately
C.
disorderly
D.
deliberately
33.
A.
offensive
B.
objective
C.
progressive
D.
productive
34.
A.
evolved
B.
invented
C.
expanded
D.
transformed
35.
A.
civilian
B.
fairy
C.
victim
D.
pedestrian
Section
B16%
Directions:
Read
the
following
two
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C,
D,
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
To
live
in
the
United
States
today
is
to
gain
an
appreciation
for
Nahrendorf's
declaration
that
social
change
exists
everywhere.
Technology,
the
application
of
knowledge
for
practical
ends,
is
a
major
source
of
social
change.
Yet
we
would
do
well
to
remind
ourselves
that
technology
is
a
human
creation;
it
does
not
exist
naturally.
A
spear
or
a
robot
is
as
much
a
cultural
as
a
physical
object.
Until
humans
use
a
spear
to
hunt
game
or
a
robot
to
produce
machine
parts,
neither
is
much
more
than
a
solid
mass
of
matter.
For
a
bird
locking
for
an
object
on
which
to
rest,
a
spear
or
robot
serves
the
purpose
equally
well.
The
explosion
of
the
Challenger
space
shuttle
and
the
Russian
nuclear
accident
at
Chernobyl
drive
home
the
human
quality
of
technology;
they
provide
cases
in
which
well-planned
systems
suddenly
went
haywire
and
there
was
no
ready
hand
to
set
them
right.
Since
technology
is
a
human
creation,
we
are
responsible
for
what
is
done
with
it.
Pessimists
worry
that
we
will
use
Our
technology
eventually
to
blow
our
world
and
ourselves
to
pieces.
But
they
have
been
saying
this
for
decades,
and
so
far
we
have
managed
to
survive
and
even
flourish.
Whether
we
will
continue
to
do
so
in
the
years
ahead
remains
uncertain.
Clearly,
the
impact
of
technology
on
our
lives
deserves
a
closer
examination.
Few
technological
developments
have
had
a
greater
impact
on
our
lives
than
the
computer
revolution.
Scientists
and
engineers
have
designed
specialized
machines
that
can
do
the
tasks
that
once
only
people
could
do.
There
are
those
who
declare
that
the
switch
to
an
information-based
economy
is
in
the
same
camp
as
other
great
historical
milestones,
particularly
the
Industrial
Revolution.
Yet
when
we
ask
why
the
Industrial
Revolution
was
a
revolution,
we
find
that
it
was
not
the
machines.
The
primary
reason
why
it
was
revolutionary
is
that
it
led
to
great
social
change.
It
gave
rise
to
mass
production
and,
through
mass
production,
to
a
society
in
which
wealth
was
not
restricted
to
the
few.
In
somewhat
similar
fashion,
computers
promise
to
revolutionize
the
structure
of
American
life,
particularly
as
they
free
the
human
mind
and
open
new
possibilities
in
knowledge
and
communication.
The
Industrial
Revolution
supplemented
and
replaced
the
muscles
of
humans
and
animals
by
mechanical
methods.
The
computer
extends
this
development
to
supplement
and
replace
some
aspects
of
the
mind
of
human
beings
by
electronic
methods.
It
is
the
capacity
of
the
computer
for
solving
problems
and
making
decisions
that
represents
its
greatest
potential
and
that
poses
the
greatest
difficulties
in
predicting
the
impact
on
society.
36
Why
does
the
author
give
the
examples
of
the
Challenger
and
Chernobyl?
A.
To
show
that
technology
could
be
used
to
destroy
our
world.
B.
To
stress
the
author's
concern
about
the
safety
of
complex
technology.
C.
To
prove
that
technology
usually
goes
wrong,
if
not
controlled
by
man.
D.
To
demonstrate
that
being
a
human
creation,
technology
is
likely
to
make
an
error.
37.
What
docs
the
phrase
'"went
haywire"
in
paragraph
2
most
probably
mean?
A.
were
out
of
range
B.
got
out
of
control
C.
fell
out
of
use
D.
went
out
of
date
38.
According
to
the
author,
the
introduction
of
the
computer
is
a
revolution
mainly
because________.
A.
it
has
a
great
potential
impact
on
society
B
it
has
helped
to
switch
to
an
information
technology
C.
the
computer
has
revolutionized
the
workings
of
the
human
mind
D.
the
computer
can
do
the
tasks
that
could
only
be
done
by
people
before
39.
In
the
passage,
the
author
clearly
shows
his____.
A.
keen
insight
into
the
nature
of
technology
B.
sharp
criticism
of
the
role
of
the
Industrial
Revolution
C.
thorough
analysis
of
the
replacement
of
the
human
mind
by
computers
D.
comprehensive
description
of
the
negative
consequences
of
technology
(B)
There
has,
in
recent
years,
been
an
outpouring
of
information
about
the
impact
of
buildings
on
the
natural
environment.
Information
which
explains
and
promotes
green
and
sustainable
construction
design
strives
to
convince
others
of
its
effectiveness
and
warns
of
the
dangers
of
ignoring
the
issue.
Seldom
do
these
documents
offer
any
advice
to
practitioners,
such
as
(hose
designing
mechanical
and
electrical
systems
for
a
building,
on
how
to
utilize
this
knowledge
on
a
practical
level.
While
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
arc
often
considered
synonymous,
in
that
they
both
symbolize
nature,
green
does
not
include
all
that
is
meant
by
sustainability.
Some
elements
of
green
design
may
be
sustainable
too,
for
example
those
which
reduce
energy
usage
and
pollution,
while
others,
such
as
ensuring
internal
air
quality,
may
be
considered
green
despite
having
no
influence
on
the
ecological
balance.
Although
there
are
a
good
many
advocates
of
'green'
construction
in
the
architectural
industry,
this
is
not
enough
to
make
green
construction
come
into
being.
The
driving
force
behind
whether
a
building
is
constructed
with
minimal
environmental
impact
lies
with
the
owner
of
the
building;
that
is,
the
person
financing
the
project.
If
the
owner
considers
green
design
unimportant,
or
of
secondary
importance,
then
more
than
likely,
it
will
not
be
factored
into
the
design.
The
81nmissioning(委托)process
plays
a
key
role
in
ensuring
the
owner
gets
the
building
he
wants,
in
terms
of
design,
costs
and
risk.
At
the
predesign
stage,
the
owner's
objectives,
criteria
and
the
type
of
design
imagined
are
discussed
and
documented.
This
gives
a
design
team
a
solid
foundation
on
which
they
can
build
their
ideas,
and
also
provides
a
specific
standard
against
which
individual
elements,
such
as
costs,
design
and
environmental
impact
can
be
judged.
In
some
cases,
an
owner
may
be
aware
of
the
latest
trends
in
sustainable
building
design.
He
may
have
done
research
into
it
himself
or
he
may
have
been
informed
of
the
merits
of
green
design
through
early
discussion
with
professionals.
However,
firms
should
not
take
it
as
read
that
someone
commissioning
a
building
already
has
a
preconceived
idea
of
how
green
he
intends
the
structure
to
be.
Indeed,
this
initial
interaction
between
owner
and
firm
is
the
ideal
time
for
a
designer
to
outline
and
promote
the
ways
that
green
design
can
meet
the
client's
objectives,
thus
turning
a
project
originally
not
destined
for
green
design
into
a
potential
candidate.
40.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
Explaining
to
owners
why
ignoring
green
issues
is
costly
and
dangerous.
B
Explaining
to
professionals
how
they
can
influence
clients
to
choose
greener
designs.
C.
Explaining
to
owners
the
importance
of
green
building
design
in
reducing
long-term
damage.
D
Explaining
to
professionals
why
it
is
important
to
follow
the
correct
procedures.
41.
The
examples
of
green
and
sustainable
designs
given
in
paragraph
2
show
that________.
A.
designs
must
be
sustainable
in
order
for
them
to
be
described
as
green.
B.
for
the
purposes
of
this
paper,
the
terms
green
and
sustainable
have
the
same
meaning.
C.
some
sustainable
designs
arc
green,
while
others
are
not.
D.
some
designs
are
termed
green,
even
though
they
are
not
sustainable.
42.
According
to
paragraph
3,
the
reason
for
the
lack
of
green
buildings
being
designed
is
that________.
A.
few
firms
have
any
experience
in
design
and
constructing
buildings
to
a
green
design.
B.
construction
companies
are
unaware
of
the
benefits
of
green
and
sustainable
designs.
C.
firms
do
not
get
to
decide
whether
a
building
is
to
be
constructed
sustainably.
D.
firms
tend
to
convince
clients
that
other
factors
are
more
important
than
sustainability.
43.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
the
commissioning
process?
A.
It
is
conducted
before
the
building
is
designed.
B.
It
is
a
stage
that
all
clients
go
through
when
constructing
a
building.
C.
It
is
a
step
in
the
design
procedure
in
which
the
clients
goals
arc
identified.
D.
It
provides
the
firm
with
a
measure
of
how
well
they
did
their
job.
Section
C
8%
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage
and
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
sentence
that
best
fits
the
context.
Each
sentence
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
sentences
more
than
you
need.
Culture
Insider:
Chopsticks
Chopsticks,
or
kuaizi
in
Chinese,
are
a
pair
of
small
equal-length
tapered
sticks,
usually
made
of
wood,
used
for
eating
Asian
food.
It
is
believed
that
the
first
chopsticks
were
developed
over
5,000
years
ago
in
China.
The
earliest
evidence
of
a
pair
of
chopsticks
made
out
of
bronze
was
excavated
from
the
Ruins
of
Yin
near
Anyang,
Henan
province.
Chopsticks
play
an
important
role
in
Chinese
food
culture.____44____They
are
round
on
the
eating
end
which
symbolizes
heaven,
and
the
other
end
is
square
which
symbolizes
earth.
This
is
because
maintaining
an
adequate
food
supply
is
the
greatest
concern
between
heaven
and
earth.
Chopsticks
are
so
frequently
used
in
daily
life
that
they
have
become
more
than
a
kind
of
tableware
and
have
fostered
a
set
of
etiquette
and
customs
of
their
own.
____45____While
the
principles
of
chopstick
etiquette
arc
similar
in
many
of
these
places,
the
finer
points
may
differ
from
region
to
region,
and
there
is
no
single
standard
for
the
use
of
chopsticks.
Generally,
chopsticks
are
not
used
to
make
noise
or
to
draw
attention,
or
to
gesticulate.
____46____For
example,
you
can
buy
a
pair
of
exquisite
chopsticks
as
a
gift
for
your
friends
and
relatives.
In
Chinese,
Chopsticks'
reads
'kuaizi',
which
means
to
have
sons
soon,
so
a
newly-married
couple
will
be
very
happy
to
accept
chopsticks
as
their
wedding
gift.
Skillful
craftsmen
paint
beautiful
scenery
on
chopsticks
to
make
them
like
fine
artwork.
Many
people
love
to
collect
these
elegant
utensils.
It
has
been
said
that
using
chopsticks
improves
one's
memory,
increases
finger
dexterity
and
can
be
useful
in
learning
and
improving
skills
such
as
Chinese
character
printing
and
brush
painting.
Many
Asian
superstitions
revolve
around
chopsticks
as
well.
For
example,
if
you
find
an
uneven
pair
of
chopsticks
at
your
table
setting,
it
is
believed
that
you
will
miss
the
next
train,
boat
or
plane
you
are
trying
to
catch.
____47____.
A.
Without
chopsticks,
you
can't
even
say
you
are
enjoying
Chinese
food.
B.
Chinese
chopsticks
are
usually
9
to
10
inches
long
and
rectangular
with
a
blunt
end.
C.
Also,
dropping
your
chopsticks
is
a
sign
of
bad
luck.
D.
Today,
chopsticks
serve
many
functions
besides
as
table
ware.
E.
It
is
important
to
note
chopsticks
are
used
in
many
different
parts
of
the
world,
in
many
different
cultures.
F
These
chopsticks
are
to
be
returned
to
the
dishes
after
one
has
served
himself
or
herself.
IV.
Summary
Writing
10%
48.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
As
parents,
we
need
to
help
children
build
towards
future
success
by
developing
persistence.
Persistence
is
what
drives
actions
such
as
finishing
a
task,
pushing
through
frustration,
putting
in
time
and
effort,
or
finding
creative
approaches
to
a
challenging
problem.
The
ability
to
keep
trying
early
in
life
is
linked
to
all
sorts
of
favorable
outcomes
years
later.
There
are
three
main
strategies
for
encouraging
persistence
in
your
child.
The
first
is
modeling
what
persistence
looks
like.
Good
modeling
is
more
effective
when
planned
and
carried
out
with
a
specific
goal
(such
as
developing
honesty,
or,
yes,
persistence)
in
mind.
Parents
who
noticeably
struggle
with
something
that
are
slightly
difficult
at
home,
but
continue
to
pursue
the
activity
anyway,
and
repeat
that
pattern
over
time,
may
naturally
foster
persistence
in
a
child.
It
helps
more
if
they
sometimes
comment:
"Hmm,
that
did
not
work.
Let
me
try
another
way.”
When
you
see
your
child
doing
this
themselves
and
devoting
special
effort
to
a
task,
praise
them
right
then
and
there.
Praise
even
the
smallest
signs
of
effort.
Quickly,
clearly
doing
this
will
increase
the
child's
effort,
which
can,
in
turn,
extend
to
other
activities
and
situations
they
encounter
in
the
future.
In
general,
if
you
spot
the
child
trying
hard
or
harder
than
she
usually
docs
and
working
through
tasks,
praise
them
for
what
they
are
doing.
And
if
you
do
not
see
this
happening,
and
your
child
is
not
doing
something
a
bit
difficult,
you
do
not
need
to
wait.
You
can
provide
opportunities
for
persistence.
That
is,
try
to
combine
modeling
and
praise:
Do
anything
that
involves
some
time
and
effort
together.
Then,
set
small
and
eventually
larger
goals.
Depending
on
how
it
is
going,
have
the
child
do
more
and
more
of
the
task
while
you
keep
him
or
her
company.
However,
your
chosen
activity
should
be
fun
or,
at
least,
a
time
free
of
reprimands
or
harsh
corrections.
V.
Translation
16%
(4+4+4+4)
Direction:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English
using
the
words
given
in
brackets.
49.
据报道，一些过度肥胖的人迷恋于用极端方式减肥，以至于最终都进了医院。(end
up)(汉译英)
50.
考古学家问他科学界的朋友们这幅可以追溯到石器时代岩洞壁画是否是真迹。(date)
(汉译英)
51.
直到被起诉要求赔偿几百万美元，这个生产商才后悔通过做虚假承诺来宣传产品。(publicize)
(汉译英)
52.
这种部分由臭氧空洞造成的流行病本应受到更多重视，但澳大利亚人却并不愿意尽自己的一份力。(part)
(汉译英)
Additional
Part
(附加题)
Guided
Writing:
20%
53.
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
120-150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
近年来，全球掀起了不浪费食物运动(the
No
Food
Waste
campaign)，例如推行打包及食物共享文化，鼓励购买
临期食品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请谈谈你对此现象的看法。(提示词：leftovers剩饭菜nearly
expired
food临期食品)
