2021-2022学年外研版（2019）必修一：Unit 5　Into the wildStarting out & Understanding ideas 课时评价 作业（含答案）

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十三　Unit
5　Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
birds
moved
to
the
south
in
the
early
autumn,
_____(seek)
warmer
places
and
more
food.
2.
The
local
government
is
supposed
to
take
_____
(measure)
to
protect
the
wild
animals.
3.
The
police
worked
day
and
night,
_____
(determine)
to
find
the
criminals.
4.
He
tried
many
times
and
finally
found
the
_____
(solve)
to
the
answer.
5.
We
were
_____
(amaze)
to
discover
that
we’d
been
at
school
together.
6.
Though
the
main
building
_____
(destroy),
the
library
still
survives
as
a
museum.
?
7.
The
activity
aims
to
raise
_____
(aware)
of
the
dangers
of
passive
smoking.
8.
A
trip
around
the
world
will
_____
(eventual)
bring
you
back
to
your
starting
point.
9.
Before
Friday,
the
last
_____
(survive)
was
found
on
April
28,
and
even
her
story
ended
tragically.
10.
There
are
many
_____
(charity)
out
there,
so
choose
wisely
and
carefully.
Ⅱ.
根据汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.
Don’t
bother
to
meet
me
at
the
station,
and
I’m
sure
I
can
f_____
(找到我去……的路)to
your
house.
?
2.
He
_____
(意识到)his
mistake
after
his
teacher
pointed
it
out.
?
3.
The
old
woman
is
so
kind
that
she
often
helps
people_____
(陷入困境).
?
4.
Lots
of
woods
have
been
_____
(砍倒)
in
order
to
make
great
profits.
?
5.
It
is
your
carelessness
that
has
_____
(导致)
your
failure
this
time.
?
6.
This
is
the
only
food
that
my
pet
dog
can
_____
(以……为食).
?
7.
_____
(在过去几年里)thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
?
8.
_____
(确保)that
your
homework
is
finished
first.
?
9.
We
started
off
at
once
_____
(寻找)
the
missing
child.
?
10.
The
East
and
the
West
can
_____
(合作)
for
their
mutual
benefit
and
progress.
?
11.
His
watch
may
be
more
expensive
but
mine
_____
(报时)
better!
?
12.
_____
(再一次)
we
came
under
attack
from
enemy
fighter
planes.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Scientists
are
doing
their
best
to
find
out
_____
this
environmental
problem.
?
科学家们正在尽力找到这个环境问题的解决方法。
2.
To
catch
the
early
bus,
they
_____
in
the
morning.
?
为了赶上早班车,
他们决定一大早就起床。
3.
The
longer
we
get
along
with
him,
_____我们跟他相处的时间越长,
他就会越受我们的欢迎。
4.
Children
who
live
in
the
country’s
rural
areas
_____.
?
生活在这个国家的农村地区的孩子很可能很穷。
5.
We
should_____
to
solve
these
problems.
?
我们应该采取一些措施来解决这些问题。
6.
_____
in
time
was
that
he
didn’t
feel
well.
?
他没有及时来的原因是他不舒服。
7.
Companies
began
to
build
telegraph
lines
_____.
公司开始从一个地方到另一个地方建造电报线路。?
8.
They
passed
the
house_____
and
doubled
back
in
an
alley.
?
他们经过了计划见面的那座房子,
然后折回一条小巷。
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Elephants
are
able
to
know
the
difference
between
a
man
and
a
woman,
and
can
tell
an
adult
(成年人)
from
a
child—all
from
the
sound
of
a
human
voice.
This
is
according
to
a
study
in
which
researchers
played
voice
recordings
to
wild
African
elephants.
The
animals
showed
more
fear
when
they
heard
the
voices
of
adult
Masai
men.
Usually
Masai
people
hunt
elephants,
and
this
suggests
that
animals
have
grown
to
listen
for
and
avoid
them.
Prof.
Karen
McComb
and
Dr.
Graeme
Shannon
from
the
University
of
Sussex
led
the
study.
They
explained
that
in
former
research
they
had
used
similar
experiments
to
show
that
elephants
could
tell—from
the
sound
of
a
lion—whether
the
animal
was
a
female
(雌性)
or
a
more
dangerous
male
(雄性).
Prof.
McComb
wanted
to
find
out
if
the
animals
used
their
very
sharp
sense
of
hearing
to
recognize
danger
from
humans.
The
scientists
recorded
Masai
men,
women
and
children
saying,
in
their
own
language,
“Look,
look
over
there,
a
group
of
elephants
are
coming.
”
They
also
recorded
Kamba
men
saying
this
phrase.
Masai
people
often
come
across
elephants,
which
can
result
in
violent
(暴力的)
hunting.
Kamba
people,
however,
mainly
feed
on
agriculture,
which
does
not
generally
bring
them
into
violent
touch
with
the
animals.
When
the
team
played
recordings
of
these
different
voices
through
a
hidden
speaker,
they
found
that
elephant
family
groups
showed
more
fear
in
response
to
the
voice
of
a
Masai
man,
than
to
a
Kamba
man’s
voice.
And
the
adult
male
Masai
voices
caused
far
more
violent
response
than
the
voices
of
women
or
boys.
1.
An
elephant
can
tell
a
man
from
a
woman
by
sense
of
______.
?
A.
touch　　
B.
sight　　
C.
smell　
　D.
hearing
2.
How
did
the
researchers
get
to
know
the
elephants’
special
ability?
A.
By
watching
the
elephants
in
the
zoo.
B.
By
playing
voice
recordings
to
them.
C.
By
recording
the
behaviors
of
elephants.
D.
By
communicating
with
them
in
a
special
way.
3.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
elephants
are
especially
afraid
of
______.
?
A.
Masai
men
B.
Masai
women
C.
Kamba
men
D.
Kamba
women
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Elephants
and
Human
Beings
B.
Differences
Between
Human
Voices
C.
Elephants
Recognize
Human
Voices
D.
Elephants
at
War
with
Human
Beings
B
(2021·桂林高一检测)
　　When
people
want
to
know
about
the
weather,
they
usually
go
to
their
radios,
TVs,
newspapers,
or
to
the
Internet.
However,
you
can
also
find
many
weather
signs
among
wildlife,
because
of
their
highly
developed
senses.
Drops
in
air
pressure(压力)
produce
an
effect
on
small
animals
in
many
ways.
Mice
and
deer
are
good
weather
indicators.
People
who
spend
a
lot
of
time
outdoors
have
observed
that,
before
a
storm,
field
mice
come
out
of
their
holes
and
run
around.
Deer
leave
high
ground
and
come
down
from
the
mountains.
Birds
are
especially
good
weather
indicators
because
they
also
show
the
effect
of
a
pressure
drop
in
many
ways.
For
example,
some
birds
become
irritable(急躁的)
and
quarrelsome
and
will
fight
over
a
piece
of
bread.
Other
birds
chirp(叽叽喳喳)
and
sing
just
before
a
storm.
It
seems
they
know
they
won’t
get
another
chance
for
an
hour
or
two.
Birds
also
seek
safe
places
before
a
storm.
You
will
sometimes
see
birds
settling
in
trees
or
gathering
together
on
a
wire
close
to
a
building.
Pre-storm
low
pressure
makes
the
air
so
thin
that
birds
have
difficulty
flying.
It
is
unusual
to
see
many
birds
flying
overhead
in
the
summertime,
rather
than
during
the
periods
in
the
spring
or
autumn.
Watch
for
other
weather
signs
if
you
see
this.
If
they
fly
in
the
wrong
direction,
they
may
be
flying
ahead
of
a
storm.
By
paying
closer
attention
to
some
important
signs
in
nature,
we
can
become
better
prepared
for
any
kind
of
weather.
5.
The
word
“indicators”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
means______.
?
A.
maps　　　　　
B.
services
C.
signs
D.
stations
6.
There
will
be
a
storm
if
birds______.
?
A.
make
more
noise
than
usual
B.
fly
in
different
directions
C.
come
down
from
tall
trees
D.
share
a
piece
of
bread
7.
How
can
birds
sense
the
coming
of
a
storm?
A.
By
feeling
a
drop
in
air
temperature.
B.
By
noticing
the
change
of
wind
directions.
C.
By
feeling
a
drop
in
air
pressure.
D.
By
noticing
the
movements
of
other
animals.
8.
The
best
title
for
the
text
would
be______.
?
A.
Signs
of
a
Storm
B.
Drops
in
Air
Pressure
C.
Animals’
Sharp
Senses
D.
Nature’s
Weather
Signs
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
　　Every
animal
sleeps,
but
the
reason
for
this
has
remained
foggy.
When
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep,
they
die
within
a
month.
　1　?
One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
　2　
We
know
that,
while
awake,
fresh
memories
are
recorded
by
reinforcing
(加强)
connections
between
brain
cells,
but
the
memory
processes
that
take
place
while
we
sleep
have
been
unclear.
?
Support
is
growing
for
a
theory
that
sleep
evolved
so
that
connections
between
neurons(神经元)
in
the
brain
can
be
weakened
overnight,
making
room
for
fresh
memories
to
form
the
next
day.
　3　?
Now
we
have
the
most
direct
evidence
yet
that
he
is
right.
　4　
The
synapses
in
the
mice
taken
at
the
end
of
a
period
of
sleep
were
18
percent
smaller
than
those
taken
before
sleep,
showing
that
the
connections
between
neurons
weaken
while
sleeping.
?
If
Tononi’s
theory
is
right,
it
would
explain
why,
when
we
miss
a
night’s,
we
find
it
harder
the
next
day
to
concentrate
and
learn
new
information—our
brains
may
have
smaller
room
for
new
experiences.
Their
research
also
suggests
how
we
may
build
lasting
memories
over
time
even
though
the
synapses
become
thinner.
The
team
discovered
that
some
synapses
seem
to
be
protected
and
stayed
the
same
size.
　5　“You
keep
what
matters,
”
Tononi
says.
?
A.
We
should
also
try
to
sleep
well
the
night
before.
B.
It’s
as
if
the
brain
is
preserving
its
most
important
memories.
C.
Similarly,
when
people
go
for
a
few
days
without
sleeping,
they
get
sick.
D.
The
processes
take
place
to
stop
our
brains
becoming
loaded
with
memories.
E.
That’s
why
students
do
better
in
tests
if
they
get
a
chance
to
sleep
after
learning.
F.
“Sleep
is
the
price
we
pay
for
learning,
”
says
Giulio
Tononi,
who
developed
the
idea.
G.
Tononi’s
team
measured
the
size
of
these
connections,
or
synapses,
in
the
brains
of
12
mice.
Ⅲ.
完形填空
(2021·扬州高一检测)
　　The
victims(受害者)
were
carried
in
one
by
one,
their
paws
and
fur
burned,
suffering
from
dehydration(脱水)and
fear.
Their
caretakers
　1　their
wounds,
and
　2　them
in
baskets
with
the
only
thing
that
was
　3　—the
leaves
of
eucalyptus(桉树)tree.
As
miserable
fires
have　4　more
than
2
million
acres
in
Australia,
only
dozens
of
koalas
have
been
　5　from
the
smoky
trees
and
　6　
ground.
?
Koalas,
unlike
kangaroos,
birds
or
snakes,
do
not
　7　from
fires
but
instead
climb
trees
to
the
top,
where
they
can
curl
themselves
into
a
ball
for
　8　
and
wait
for
the
danger
to
　9　.
?
But
during
big
fires,
such
as
those
that
have
burned
in
recent
weeks,
the
animals
are
far
less
likely
to
　10　.
Even
if
the
fire
itself
does
not
reach
the
tree
　11　,
the
animals
may
over
heat
and
fall
to
the
ground,
where
they
can
be
burned
to
death.
?
The
tough
situation
of
the
koala
has
raised
　12　among
scientists
and
conservationists(保护主义者).
While
koalas
have
developed
to
exist
alongside
the
wildfires,
they
are
facing
new
　13　,
not
just
from
climate
change
but
also
from
human
development,
which
has
dislocated
Koalas’
populations,
　14　their
ability
to
survive
fires.
?
We
have
these
　15　
animals
not
found
anywhere
else
on
this
planet,
and
we
are
killing
them.
This
is
a
big
wake-up
call.
?
1.
A.
touched　　　　　　
B.
treated
C.
ignored
D.
discovered
2.
A.
threw　　B.
locked　　C.
laid　　　D.
forced
3.
A.
familiar
B.
plentiful
C.
beautiful
D.
expensive
4.
A.
reached
B.
left
C.
burned
D.
trapped
5.
A.
killed
B.
recognized
C.
hurt
D.
rescued
6.
A.
flat
B.
black
C.
broad
D.
safe
7.
A.
escape
B.
die
C.
suffer
D.
rise
8.
A.
balance
B.
protection
C.
challenge
D.
comfort
9.
A.
attack
B.
come
C.
pass
D.
avoid
10.
A.
jump
B.
climb
C.
fall
D.
survive
11.
A.
top
B.
leaves
C.
trunk
D.
root
12.
A.
passion
B.
concern
C.
fear
D.
interest
13.
A.
chances
B.
choices
C.
neighbors
D.
threats
14.
A.
weakening
B.
developing
C.
enriching
D.
ensuring
15.
A.
lonely
B.
stupid
C.
lazy
D.
unique
【补偿训练】阅读理解
　　More
than
two
thirds
of
the
world’s
polar
bears
will
be
wiped
out
by
2050,
according
to
a
shocking
new
study.
By
then,
scientists
say,
global
warming
will
have
melted
42
percent
of
the
Arctic
sea
ice.
By
2100,
only
a
very
few
of
these
important
creatures
will
be
left.
The
report
has
been
produced
by
the
US
Geological
Survey.
The
scientists
have
publicized
their
findings
in
the
hope
of
influencing
US
Interior
Secretary
Dirk
Kempthorne,
who
has
been
asked
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
US
endangered
species
list.
Polar
bears
depend
on
floating
sea
ice
as
a
platform
for
hunting
seals,
which
are
their
main
food.
Without
enough
ice,
polar
bears
would
be
forced
to
go
onto
the
land,
where
they
are
poorly
skilled
hunters,
and
would
be
unlikely
to
adapt
to
the
life
on
the
land
in
time.
Experts
say
few
little
bears
would
survive
and
the
stress
could
make
many
females
unable
to
get
pregnant.
The
team
of
American
and
Canadian
scientists
spent
six
months
studying
bears,
on
the
ground,
from
spotter
planes
and
in
the
lab,
using
computer
models.
Some
team
members
fear
the
result
is
even
worse
for
the
bears
than
what
their
report
says.
They
say
the
Arctic
is
warming
faster
than
anywhere
in
the
world
and
much
faster
than
their
computer
has
been
forecasting.
Satellite
observations
have
showed
that
the
ice
has
decreased
to
an
all-time
low.
However,
not
everyone
in
the
scientific
community
believes
that
global
warming
is
happening
on
such
an
alarming
scale.
Another
investigation
has
found
that
polar
bears
are
still
being
hunted
by
wealthy
“sportsmen”
who
want
their
skins
and
heads.
At
least
ten
international
companies
offer
bear-hunting
trips.
1.
What
do
we
know
about
Dirk
Kempthorne
according
to
the
passage?
A.
He
is
an
animal
scientist.
B.
He
is
a
protector
of
animals
working
for
the
US
government.
C.
He
has
been
asked
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
US
endangered
species
list.
D.
He
has
offered
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
endangered
species
list.
2.
Why
will
polar
bears
die
out
if
there
is
not
enough
sea
ice?
A.
Because
polar
bears
can’t
catch
enough
food
without
ice.
B.
Because
polar
bears
eat
ice
when
they
feel
thirsty.
C.
Because
polar
bears
will
be
easily
found
by
hunters
without
ice.
D.
Because
most
female
bears
are
used
to
giving
birth
under
ice.
3.
After
a
six-month
study,
some
scientists
fear
that______.
?
A.
there
is
something
wrong
with
their
computers
B.
polar
bears
will
disappear
even
faster
than
they
have
ever
expected
C.
their
computer
models
are
not
as
accurate
as
they
expected
D.
global
warming
will
destroy
everything
in
the
Arctic
4.
What
is
this
passage
mainly
about?
A.
Global
warming
makes
the
whole
world
different.
B.
Human
beings
are
responsible
for
the
endangered
species.
C.
Most
of
the
polar
bears
will
have
been
wiped
out
by
the
end
of
this
century.
D.
Scientists
have
found
that
most
animals
in
the
Arctic
will
die
out
by
2100.
www.
十三　Unit
5　Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
答案版
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
birds
moved
to
the
south
in
the
early
autumn,
seeking(seek)
warmer
places
and
more
food.
2.
The
local
government
is
supposed
to
take
measures(measure)
to
protect
the
wild
animals.
3.
The
police
worked
day
and
night,
determined(determine)
to
find
the
criminals.
4.
He
tried
many
times
and
finally
found
the
solution(solve)
to
the
answer.
5.
We
were
amazed
(amaze)
to
discover
that
we’d
been
at
school
together.
6.
Though
the
main
building
was
destroyed
(destroy),
the
library
still
survives
as
a
museum.
?
7.
The
activity
aims
to
raise
awareness
(aware)
of
the
dangers
of
passive
smoking.
8.
A
trip
around
the
world
will
eventually
(eventual)
bring
you
back
to
your
starting
point.
9.
Before
Friday,
the
last
survivor
(survive)
was
found
on
April
28,
and
even
her
story
ended
tragically.
10.
There
are
many
charities
(charity)
out
there,
so
choose
wisely
and
carefully.
Ⅱ.
根据汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.
Don’t
bother
to
meet
me
at
the
station,
and
I’m
sure
I
can
find
my
way
(找到我去……的路)to
your
house.
?
2.
He
was/became
aware
of
(意识到)his
mistake
after
his
teacher
pointed
it
out.
?
3.
The
old
woman
is
so
kind
that
she
often
helps
people
in
trouble(陷入困境).
?
4.
Lots
of
woods
have
been
cut
down
(砍倒)
in
order
to
make
great
profits.
?
5.
It
is
your
carelessness
that
has
led
to
(导致)
your
failure
this
time.
?
6.
This
is
the
only
food
that
my
pet
dog
can
feed
on(以……为食).
?
7.
In
the
last
few
years
(在过去几年里)thousands
of
films
have
been
produced
all
over
the
world.
?
8.
Make
sure
(确保)that
your
homework
is
finished
first.
?
9.
We
started
off
at
once
in
search
of(寻找)
the
missing
child.
?
10.
The
East
and
the
West
can
work
together(合作)
for
their
mutual
benefit
and
progress.
?
11.
His
watch
may
be
more
expensive
but
mine
tells
the
time(报时)
better!
?
12.
Once
again
(再一次)
we
came
under
attack
from
enemy
fighter
planes.
?
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Scientists
are
doing
their
best
to
find
out
the
solution
to
this
environmental
problem.
?
科学家们正在尽力找到这个环境问题的解决方法。
2.
To
catch
the
early
bus,
they
determined
to
get
up
early
in
the
morning.
?
为了赶上早班车,
他们决定一大早就起床。
3.
The
longer
we
get
along
with
him,
the
more
popular
with
us
he
will
be.
?
我们跟他相处的时间越长,
他就会越受我们的欢迎。
4.
Children
who
live
in
the
country’s
rural
areas
are
likely
to
be
poor.
?
生活在这个国家的农村地区的孩子很可能很穷。
5.
We
should
take
some
measures
to
solve
these
problems.
?
我们应该采取一些措施来解决这些问题。
6.
The
reason
why
he
didn’t
come
in
time
was
that
he
didn’t
feel
well.
?
他没有及时来的原因是他不舒服。
7.
Companies
began
to
build
telegraph
lines
from
one
place
to
another.
公司开始从一个地方到另一个地方建造电报线路。?
8.
They
passed
the
house
where/in
which
they
planned
to
meet
and
doubled
back
in
an
alley.
?
他们经过了计划见面的那座房子,
然后折回一条小巷。
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Elephants
are
able
to
know
the
difference
between
a
man
and
a
woman,
and
can
tell
an
adult
(成年人)
from
a
child—all
from
the
sound
of
a
human
voice.
This
is
according
to
a
study
in
which
researchers
played
voice
recordings
to
wild
African
elephants.
The
animals
showed
more
fear
when
they
heard
the
voices
of
adult
Masai
men.
Usually
Masai
people
hunt
elephants,
and
this
suggests
that
animals
have
grown
to
listen
for
and
avoid
them.
Prof.
Karen
McComb
and
Dr.
Graeme
Shannon
from
the
University
of
Sussex
led
the
study.
They
explained
that
in
former
research
they
had
used
similar
experiments
to
show
that
elephants
could
tell—from
the
sound
of
a
lion—whether
the
animal
was
a
female
(雌性)
or
a
more
dangerous
male
(雄性).
Prof.
McComb
wanted
to
find
out
if
the
animals
used
their
very
sharp
sense
of
hearing
to
recognize
danger
from
humans.
The
scientists
recorded
Masai
men,
women
and
children
saying,
in
their
own
language,
“Look,
look
over
there,
a
group
of
elephants
are
coming.
”
They
also
recorded
Kamba
men
saying
this
phrase.
Masai
people
often
come
across
elephants,
which
can
result
in
violent
(暴力的)
hunting.
Kamba
people,
however,
mainly
feed
on
agriculture,
which
does
not
generally
bring
them
into
violent
touch
with
the
animals.
When
the
team
played
recordings
of
these
different
voices
through
a
hidden
speaker,
they
found
that
elephant
family
groups
showed
more
fear
in
response
to
the
voice
of
a
Masai
man,
than
to
a
Kamba
man’s
voice.
And
the
adult
male
Masai
voices
caused
far
more
violent
response
than
the
voices
of
women
or
boys.
【文章大意】一项研究表明,
大象能根据人类说话的声音判断出人类是成年人还是小孩子,
以及其性别。
1.
An
elephant
can
tell
a
man
from
a
woman
by
sense
of
______.
?
A.
touch　　
B.
sight　　
C.
smell　
　D.
hearing
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文中第一段第一句可知大象通过听觉判断男性和女性。故选D项。
2.
How
did
the
researchers
get
to
know
the
elephants’
special
ability?
A.
By
watching
the
elephants
in
the
zoo.
B.
By
playing
voice
recordings
to
them.
C.
By
recording
the
behaviors
of
elephants.
D.
By
communicating
with
them
in
a
special
way.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文中第一段第二句This
is
according
to
a
study
in
which
researchers
played
voice
recordings
to
wild
African
elephants.
可知,
研究者是通过给野生非洲象播放录音来发现其有这种能力的。故选B项。
3.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
elephants
are
especially
afraid
of
______.
?
A.
Masai
men
B.
Masai
women
C.
Kamba
men
D.
Kamba
women
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The
animals
showed
more
fear
when
they
heard
the
voices
of
adult
Masai
men.
可知,
当大象听到成年的Masai男人的声音时,
它们就显得更加害怕。根据最后一段And
the
adult
male
Masai
voices
caused
far
more
violent
response
than
the
voices
of
women
or
boys.
可知,
成年的Masai男人的声音比女人和男孩的声音会引发大象更激烈的反应。故选A项。
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Elephants
and
Human
Beings
B.
Differences
Between
Human
Voices
C.
Elephants
Recognize
Human
Voices
D.
Elephants
at
War
with
Human
Beings
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。结合全文可知,
研究表明大象可以根据人类说话的声音来判别是成年人还是小孩,
是男性还是女性以及可能有的危险,
这足以说明本文主要讲大象能识别人类声音。故选C项。
B
(2021·桂林高一检测)
　　When
people
want
to
know
about
the
weather,
they
usually
go
to
their
radios,
TVs,
newspapers,
or
to
the
Internet.
However,
you
can
also
find
many
weather
signs
among
wildlife,
because
of
their
highly
developed
senses.
Drops
in
air
pressure(压力)
produce
an
effect
on
small
animals
in
many
ways.
Mice
and
deer
are
good
weather
indicators.
People
who
spend
a
lot
of
time
outdoors
have
observed
that,
before
a
storm,
field
mice
come
out
of
their
holes
and
run
around.
Deer
leave
high
ground
and
come
down
from
the
mountains.
Birds
are
especially
good
weather
indicators
because
they
also
show
the
effect
of
a
pressure
drop
in
many
ways.
For
example,
some
birds
become
irritable(急躁的)
and
quarrelsome
and
will
fight
over
a
piece
of
bread.
Other
birds
chirp(叽叽喳喳)
and
sing
just
before
a
storm.
It
seems
they
know
they
won’t
get
another
chance
for
an
hour
or
two.
Birds
also
seek
safe
places
before
a
storm.
You
will
sometimes
see
birds
settling
in
trees
or
gathering
together
on
a
wire
close
to
a
building.
Pre-storm
low
pressure
makes
the
air
so
thin
that
birds
have
difficulty
flying.
It
is
unusual
to
see
many
birds
flying
overhead
in
the
summertime,
rather
than
during
the
periods
in
the
spring
or
autumn.
Watch
for
other
weather
signs
if
you
see
this.
If
they
fly
in
the
wrong
direction,
they
may
be
flying
ahead
of
a
storm.
By
paying
closer
attention
to
some
important
signs
in
nature,
we
can
become
better
prepared
for
any
kind
of
weather.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于野生动物的感官高度发达,
我们也可以在它们身上发现许多气象信号。
5.
The
word
“indicators”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
means______.
?
A.
maps　　　　　
B.
services
C.
signs
D.
stations
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的However,
you
can
also
find
many
weather
signs
among
wildlife,
because
of
their
highly
developed
senses.
然而,
由于野生动物的感官高度发达,
你也可以在它们身上发现许多气象信号;
及下文的“People
who
spend
a
lot
of
time
outdoors
have
observed
that,
before
a
storm,
field
mice
come
out
of
their
holes
and
run
around.
Deer
leave
high
ground
and
come
down
from
the
mountains.
”可判断出indicators的意思是“指示者;
指示物”。故选C。
6.
There
will
be
a
storm
if
birds______.
?
A.
make
more
noise
than
usual
B.
fly
in
different
directions
C.
come
down
from
tall
trees
D.
share
a
piece
of
bread
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的.
.
.
some
birds
become
irritable
and
quarrelsome
and
will
fight
over
a
piece
of
bread.
Other
birds
chirp
and
sing
just
before
a
storm.
有些鸟变得急躁易怒,
会为了一片面包而打架。其他的鸟在暴风雨来临前叽叽喳喳地歌唱。由此可知当暴风雨来临时,
鸟会发出比平常更多的嘈杂声。故选A。
7.
How
can
birds
sense
the
coming
of
a
storm?
A.
By
feeling
a
drop
in
air
temperature.
B.
By
noticing
the
change
of
wind
directions.
C.
By
feeling
a
drop
in
air
pressure.
D.
By
noticing
the
movements
of
other
animals.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Pre-storm
low
pressure
makes
the
air
so
thin
that
birds
have
difficulty
flying.
暴风雨前的低气压使得空气稀薄,
鸟很难飞行。可判断出鸟通过感觉空气气压下降而感知暴风雨即将来临。
8.
The
best
title
for
the
text
would
be______.
?
A.
Signs
of
a
Storm
B.
Drops
in
Air
Pressure
C.
Animals’
Sharp
Senses
D.
Nature’s
Weather
Signs
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。这篇短文讲述了当暴风雨即将来临时动物的各种异常表现,
由此人们可以通过观察这些异常表现而得出暴风雨即将来临的结论,
所以这篇短文最好的题目是:
Nature’s
Weather
Signs大自然的天气征兆。故选D。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
　　Every
animal
sleeps,
but
the
reason
for
this
has
remained
foggy.
When
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep,
they
die
within
a
month.
　1　?
One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
　2　
We
know
that,
while
awake,
fresh
memories
are
recorded
by
reinforcing
(加强)
connections
between
brain
cells,
but
the
memory
processes
that
take
place
while
we
sleep
have
been
unclear.
?
Support
is
growing
for
a
theory
that
sleep
evolved
so
that
connections
between
neurons(神经元)
in
the
brain
can
be
weakened
overnight,
making
room
for
fresh
memories
to
form
the
next
day.
　3　?
Now
we
have
the
most
direct
evidence
yet
that
he
is
right.
　4　
The
synapses
in
the
mice
taken
at
the
end
of
a
period
of
sleep
were
18
percent
smaller
than
those
taken
before
sleep,
showing
that
the
connections
between
neurons
weaken
while
sleeping.
?
If
Tononi’s
theory
is
right,
it
would
explain
why,
when
we
miss
a
night’s,
we
find
it
harder
the
next
day
to
concentrate
and
learn
new
information—our
brains
may
have
smaller
room
for
new
experiences.
Their
research
also
suggests
how
we
may
build
lasting
memories
over
time
even
though
the
synapses
become
thinner.
The
team
discovered
that
some
synapses
seem
to
be
protected
and
stayed
the
same
size.
　5　“You
keep
what
matters,
”
Tononi
says.
?
A.
We
should
also
try
to
sleep
well
the
night
before.
B.
It’s
as
if
the
brain
is
preserving
its
most
important
memories.
C.
Similarly,
when
people
go
for
a
few
days
without
sleeping,
they
get
sick.
D.
The
processes
take
place
to
stop
our
brains
becoming
loaded
with
memories.
E.
That’s
why
students
do
better
in
tests
if
they
get
a
chance
to
sleep
after
learning.
F.
“Sleep
is
the
price
we
pay
for
learning,
”
says
Giulio
Tononi,
who
developed
the
idea.
G.
Tononi’s
team
measured
the
size
of
these
connections,
or
synapses,
in
the
brains
of
12
mice.
【文章大意】本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
1.
【解析】选C。根据上文When
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep,
they
die
within
a
month.
如果实验室老鼠不被允许睡觉,
它们不到一个月就死了。由此可推知,
同样,
人几天不睡觉,
也会生病,
人和动物对应起来,
死和生病形成对应,
故选C。
2.
【解析】选E。根据上文提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆。可知,
如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉,
他们在考试中就会表现得更好,
前后逻辑关系很顺畅,
因果联系,
故选E。
3.
【解析】选F。根据下文中的he,
可知此处要提到一个人,
以及他的理论,
正好F项中有,
故选F。
4.
【解析】选G。根据下文中提到的关键词synapses
in
the
mice以及整个句子可知,
他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验,
G项有关键词synapses,
mice,
都与他的实验有关,
故选G。
5.
【解析】选B。根据下文提到的You
keep
what
matters你记住重要的东西,
可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来,
前后逻辑关系顺畅,
故选B。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
(2021·扬州高一检测)
　　The
victims(受害者)
were
carried
in
one
by
one,
their
paws
and
fur
burned,
suffering
from
dehydration(脱水)and
fear.
Their
caretakers
　1　their
wounds,
and
　2　them
in
baskets
with
the
only
thing
that
was
　3　—the
leaves
of
eucalyptus(桉树)tree.
As
miserable
fires
have　4　more
than
2
million
acres
in
Australia,
only
dozens
of
koalas
have
been
　5　from
the
smoky
trees
and
　6　
ground.
?
Koalas,
unlike
kangaroos,
birds
or
snakes,
do
not
　7　from
fires
but
instead
climb
trees
to
the
top,
where
they
can
curl
themselves
into
a
ball
for
　8　
and
wait
for
the
danger
to
　9　.
?
But
during
big
fires,
such
as
those
that
have
burned
in
recent
weeks,
the
animals
are
far
less
likely
to
　10　.
Even
if
the
fire
itself
does
not
reach
the
tree
　11　,
the
animals
may
over
heat
and
fall
to
the
ground,
where
they
can
be
burned
to
death.
?
The
tough
situation
of
the
koala
has
raised
　12　among
scientists
and
conservationists(保护主义者).
While
koalas
have
developed
to
exist
alongside
the
wildfires,
they
are
facing
new
　13　,
not
just
from
climate
change
but
also
from
human
development,
which
has
dislocated
Koalas’
populations,
　14　their
ability
to
survive
fires.
?
We
have
these
　15　
animals
not
found
anywhere
else
on
this
planet,
and
we
are
killing
them.
This
is
a
big
wake-up
call.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤,
其中考拉伤亡严重,
这次火灾警示世人保护动物。
1.
A.
touched　　　　　　
B.
treated
C.
ignored
D.
discovered
【解析】选B。句意:
它们的护理人员治疗它们的伤口。
touched触摸;
treated治疗;
ignored忽视;
discovered发现。由上文可知它们被火烧伤了,
根据关键词caretakers,
可知是对伤口进行治疗。故选B。
2.
A.
threw　　B.
locked　　C.
laid　　　D.
forced
【解析】选C。句意:
把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西——桉树的叶子的篮子里。
threw扔,
抛;
locked锁上;
laid(尤指轻轻地或小心地)放置,
安放;
forced强迫。它们受伤了,
医护人员治疗后会小心地放入篮子里。故选C。
3.
A.
familiar
B.
plentiful
C.
beautiful
D.
expensive
【解析】选A。句意:
把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西——桉树的叶子的篮子里。
familiar熟悉的;
plentiful充足的,
丰富的;
beautiful美丽的;
expensive昂贵的。由下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉,
故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A。
4.
A.
reached
B.
left
C.
burned
D.
trapped
【解析】选C。句意:
由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩,
只有几十只考拉,
从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上,
被营救。reached到达;
left离开;
burned燃烧;
trapped困住。由miserable
fires可知是燃烧。故选C。
5.
A.
killed
B.
recognized
C.
hurt
D.
rescued
【解析】选D。句意:
由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩,
只有几十只考拉,
从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上,
被营救。killed杀死;
recognized辨别出;
hurt伤害;
rescued营救。由上文护理人员治疗考拉,
可知是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D。
6.
A.
flat
B.
black
C.
broad
D.
safe
【解析】选B。句意:
由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩,
只有几十只考拉,
从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上,
被营救。
flat平坦的;
black黑色的;
broad宽阔的;
safe安全的。由上文可知,
火灾十分严重,
树木烟雾弥漫,
大地被烧焦,
因此是黑色的。故选B。
7.
A.
escape
B.
die
C.
suffer
D.
rise
【解析】选A。句意:
考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同,
它们不会从火灾中逃脱,
而是爬到树顶,
在那里,
它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己,
然后等待危险过去。
escape逃脱;
die死亡;
suffer受苦;
rise上升。由下文可知,
考拉爬到树顶保护自己,
因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A。
8.
A.
balance
B.
protection
C.
challenge
D.
comfort
【解析】选B。句意:
考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同,
它们不会从火中逃脱,
而是爬到树顶,
在那里,
它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己,
然后等待危险过去。balance平衡;
protection保护;
challenge挑战;
comfort舒服。在火灾中,
它们爬上树顶,
蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B。
9.
A.
attack
B.
come
C.
pass
D.
avoid
【解析】选C。句意:
考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同,
它们不会从火中逃脱,
而是爬到树顶,
在那里,
它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己,
然后等待危险过去。attack攻击;
come来;
pass结束;
avoid避免。考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样逃脱,
它们只能爬上树顶,
蜷缩成团,
等着危险结束。故选C。
10.
A.
jump
B.
climb
C.
fall
D.
survive
【解析】选D。句意:
动物存活的可能性很小。
jump跳;
climb爬;
fall落下;
survive存活。由下文可知,
即使火没有烧到树顶,
动物们也会因为过热掉落到地上,
被烧死。所以是很难存活。故选D。
11.
A.
top
B.
leaves
C.
trunk
D.
root
【解析】选A。句意:
即使大火没有烧到树顶。top顶;
leaves叶子;
trunk树干;
root根。由前文可知,
考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。故选A。
12.
A.
passion
B.
concern
C.
fear
D.
interest
【解析】选B。句意:
考拉的艰难处境引起了科学家和保护主义者的担忧。
passion热情;
concern担心;
fear害怕;
interest兴趣。考拉遭遇了火灾,
科学家和保护主义者应该是担忧的。故选B。
13.
A.
chances
B.
choices
C.
neighbors
D.
threats
【解析】选D。句意:
尽管考拉从这场野火中存活下来,
它们还面临新的威胁,
不止是来自气候变化,
也来自人类的发展,
这扰乱了考拉的种群,
削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。chances机会;
choices选择;
neighbors邻居;
threats威胁。上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁,
可知下文提到气候变化,
人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。故选D。
14.
A.
weakening
B.
developing
C.
enriching
D.
ensuring
【解析】选A。句意:
不止是来自气候变化,
也来自人类的发展,
这扰乱了考拉的种群,
削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。weakening减弱;
developing发展;
enriching使丰富;
ensuring确保。由上文可知,
人类的发展是考拉面对的新威胁,
带来的是不好的影响,
因此是削弱了它们的生存能力。故选A。
15.
A.
lonely
B.
stupid
C.
lazy
D.
unique
【解析】选D。句意:
我们拥有这些独一无二的、在这个星球其他任何地方都找不到的动物。lonely可爱的;
stupid愚蠢的;
lazy懒惰的;
unique独一无二的。由下文“not
found
anywhere
else
on
this
planet”,
可知是独一无二的。故选D。
【补偿训练】阅读理解
　　More
than
two
thirds
of
the
world’s
polar
bears
will
be
wiped
out
by
2050,
according
to
a
shocking
new
study.
By
then,
scientists
say,
global
warming
will
have
melted
42
percent
of
the
Arctic
sea
ice.
By
2100,
only
a
very
few
of
these
important
creatures
will
be
left.
The
report
has
been
produced
by
the
US
Geological
Survey.
The
scientists
have
publicized
their
findings
in
the
hope
of
influencing
US
Interior
Secretary
Dirk
Kempthorne,
who
has
been
asked
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
US
endangered
species
list.
Polar
bears
depend
on
floating
sea
ice
as
a
platform
for
hunting
seals,
which
are
their
main
food.
Without
enough
ice,
polar
bears
would
be
forced
to
go
onto
the
land,
where
they
are
poorly
skilled
hunters,
and
would
be
unlikely
to
adapt
to
the
life
on
the
land
in
time.
Experts
say
few
little
bears
would
survive
and
the
stress
could
make
many
females
unable
to
get
pregnant.
The
team
of
American
and
Canadian
scientists
spent
six
months
studying
bears,
on
the
ground,
from
spotter
planes
and
in
the
lab,
using
computer
models.
Some
team
members
fear
the
result
is
even
worse
for
the
bears
than
what
their
report
says.
They
say
the
Arctic
is
warming
faster
than
anywhere
in
the
world
and
much
faster
than
their
computer
has
been
forecasting.
Satellite
observations
have
showed
that
the
ice
has
decreased
to
an
all-time
low.
However,
not
everyone
in
the
scientific
community
believes
that
global
warming
is
happening
on
such
an
alarming
scale.
Another
investigation
has
found
that
polar
bears
are
still
being
hunted
by
wealthy
“sportsmen”
who
want
their
skins
and
heads.
At
least
ten
international
companies
offer
bear-hunting
trips.
【文章大意】本文讲述了由于全球变暖,
北极熊有可能在这个世纪末就要灭绝了。
1.
What
do
we
know
about
Dirk
Kempthorne
according
to
the
passage?
A.
He
is
an
animal
scientist.
B.
He
is
a
protector
of
animals
working
for
the
US
government.
C.
He
has
been
asked
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
US
endangered
species
list.
D.
He
has
offered
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
endangered
species
list.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.
.
.
US
Interior
Secretary
Dirk
Kempthorne,
who
has
been
asked
to
put
polar
bears
on
the
US
endangered
species
list.
”可知C项正确。
2.
Why
will
polar
bears
die
out
if
there
is
not
enough
sea
ice?
A.
Because
polar
bears
can’t
catch
enough
food
without
ice.
B.
Because
polar
bears
eat
ice
when
they
feel
thirsty.
C.
Because
polar
bears
will
be
easily
found
by
hunters
without
ice.
D.
Because
most
female
bears
are
used
to
giving
birth
under
ice.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段“Polar
bears
depend
on
floating
sea
ice
as
a
platform
for
hunting
seals,
which
are
their
main
food.
”可知A项正确。
3.
After
a
six-month
study,
some
scientists
fear
that______.
?
A.
there
is
something
wrong
with
their
computers
B.
polar
bears
will
disappear
even
faster
than
they
have
ever
expected
C.
their
computer
models
are
not
as
accurate
as
they
expected
D.
global
warming
will
destroy
everything
in
the
Arctic
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第四段“Some
team
members
fear
the
result
is
even
worse
for
the
bears
than
what
their
report
says.
”可知B项正确。
4.
What
is
this
passage
mainly
about?
A.
Global
warming
makes
the
whole
world
different.
B.
Human
beings
are
responsible
for
the
endangered
species.
C.
Most
of
the
polar
bears
will
have
been
wiped
out
by
the
end
of
this
century.
D.
Scientists
have
found
that
most
animals
in
the
Arctic
will
die
out
by
2100.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了主题,
即北极熊有可能在这个世纪末就要灭绝了。
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