牛津译林版英语八年级上Unit 1 Friends单词讲解学案（1课时无答案）

译林
8AU1单词详解
thirsty
解析：thirsty作形容词
，口渴的，干旱的，缺水的；作名词，干旱，口渴
I’d
like
some
water.
I
am
very
thirsty.
我想喝点儿水。我很渴。
The
fields
are
thirsty
for
rain.
田地干旱需要雨水。
练习：Can
I
have
something
to
drink?
I
feel
__________(口渴的).
I
am
dying
of
__________(口渴).
honest
解析：
honest形容词，“诚实的，正直的”，通常修饰人，反义词为”dishonest”，例如：
His
son
is
honest.
He
never
tells
lies.
他的儿子很诚实，从不说谎话。
提醒：honest中h不发音，所以前面的定冠词为an
An
honest
man’s
word
is
as
good
as
his
bond.
诚实人的话像他的契约一样靠得住。
拓展：类似honest发音结构的有：hour。例如：
I
spend
an
hour
watching
TV
every
day.
我每天花一个小时的时间看电视。
keep
a
secret
解析：secret是可数名词，为“秘密”。keep
a
secret意为“保守秘密”。let
out
a
secret意为“泄密”
They
kept
their
secrets
to
themselves.
secret作形容词,意为“秘密的，隐蔽的”
That
young
man
lives
in
a
secret
place.
那个年轻人住在一个隐蔽的地方。
练习：Thanks
very
much
for
for
me.
care
解析：care作动词,意为关心，关注，在意；作名词，意为小心，照料；careful是形容词，意为小心的，仔细的，其反义词是careless；carefully是副词，意为小心地，仔细地。
He
failed
in
the
exam,
but
he
cared
little.
他虽然考试不及格，但他一点儿也不在乎。
I’ll
take
good
care
of
the
cat.
我会照顾好
这只猫的。
Please
be
careful
about
your
health.
请注意你的健康。
拓展：take
care
注意，当心；
take
care
of
照顾，照料；under
one’s
care
在某人的照料下
magazine
解析：magazine是名词，意为杂志
Children
should
read
Teenagers
magazine
every
day.
孩子们应该每天都《青少年》杂志。
good-looking
解析：
good-looking作形容词，意为好看的，漂亮的
She
is
terribly
good-looking.
她非常漂亮。
拓展：handsome
指男人外貌英俊，女人外貌端庄（一般用于修饰成年女子）。
good-looking
指男孩，女孩相貌好看的，漂亮的
beautiful
指女性外在美，内在美，也可指物
pretty
指女人和孩子漂亮，俊俏，可爱，偶尔用于男性是含贬义，有时也可用来形容小巧，精致的东西。
humorous
解析：形容词，意为幽默的
Mark
Twain
was
a
humorous
writer.
马克·吐温是一位幽默的作家。
拓展：humor作不可数名词，意为幽默，诙谐；作可数名词，意为幽默的事情；humorist是可数名词，意为幽默家。
He
himself
had
no
humor
at
all.
他这个人本身毫无幽默感。
humorous通常指诙谐而意味深长的；funny常指滑稽而可笑的，以引人发笑为目的。
polite
解析：polite是形容词，意为“礼貌的，有教养的”，其反义词是impolite,
意为“没有礼貌的，粗鲁的”；
politely是副词，意为“有礼貌地”。
As
a
student,
you
should
be
polite.
作为一名学生，你应该是有礼貌的。
He
said
to
the
old
man
politely,
“Sit
here,
please.”
他有礼貌地对那位老人说：”“请坐这儿。”
trust
解析：动词或名词，意为“信任”
Don’t
trust
your
friend.
不要信任你的朋友。
10.
lie
解析：作为不及物动词，意为“说谎，躺，卧”；作为名词，意为“谎言”
He
told
me
a
lie
just
now.
他刚才对我说了谎。
Don’t
believe
him
because
he
always
lies.
不要相信他，因为他老是说谎。
He
lay
on
the
bed
and
read.
他躺在床上看书。
lie作为说谎时，其过去式，过去分词和现在分词是lied,lied,lying；作为躺，卧是，其过去式，过去分词和现在分词是lay,lain,lying
tell
a
lie
说谎
lie
down
躺下
joke
解析：名词，意为“玩笑”play
a
joke
on
sb
开某人玩笑；不及物动词，开玩笑
That
is
only
a
joke.
那只是个玩笑。
They
often
joke
with
each
other.
他们经常互相开玩笑。
【新词强化训练】
Ⅰ
根据汉语提示完成句子
Let’s
be
______(诚实的)
with
each
other.
There
should
be
no
________(秘密)
between
us.
My
parents
________(关注)
about
my
studies
very
much.
There
are
different
kinds
of
_________(杂志)
in
our
school
library.
He
is
a
________(好看的)
boy.
We
all
like
him.
We
should
be
________(礼貌的)
to
old
people.
You
have
to
________(信任)
each
other.
Ⅱ
用所给词的适当形式填空
You
must
be
more
_______(care)
next
time.
Daniel
is
a
_______(humor)
boy.
12.
I
never
feel
bored
with
him.
解析：bored，无聊的，指人的感受或所处的状态。
I
felt
bored
at
doing
nothing.
拓展：boring，无聊的，令人厌烦的，指令人厌烦的人或物。
I
feel
bored
at
the
boring
talk.
13.
almost
解析：almost为副词，“几乎，差不多”，常用来修饰形容词或动词等。almost不能用not修饰，但可放在no,
none,
nothing等的前面。通常放在be动词之后、行为动词,
形容词或副词之前。
He
worked
almost
all
day.
Almost
nobody
could
believe
it.
round
解析：作形容词，圆形的；作副词，转过来；作介词，意为在...周围，围绕，环绕。
all
year
round
整年，全年；look
round
向四周看；show
sb
round
sp带某人参观某地
A
mooncake
is
a
delicious,
round
cake.
月饼是一种圆形的，口可的蛋糕。
Let
me
take
you
round
the
city.
让我带你到城市里转转。
15.
straight
解析：straight为形容词时，常用作定语，意为“笔直的”，用来修饰名词。
There
are
many
tall
trees
on
both
sides
of
the
straight
street.
A
straight
line
is
the
shortest
distance
between
two
points.
直线是两点间最短的距离。
拓展：straight还为副词，意为“径直地，直接地”。常加在go,
walk等动词后面。
16.
May
is
sweet.
解析：sweet，“可爱的，惹人喜爱的”，常用来修饰人，尤其是小女孩。
Han
Mei
is
a
sweet
girl.
韩梅是一个可爱的女孩。
拓展：A.
sweet
“甜的，悦耳的”
B.
sweet
“糖果”[C]
How
sweet
the
music
sounds!
这曲子听起来多么悦耳!
It’s
bad
for
your
teeth
to
eat
too
many
sweets.
吃太多的糖果对你的牙齿有害。
17.
smile
解析：n.
“微笑”
with/have/wear
a
warm
smile
on
her
face
v.
“微笑”smile
to
sb
smiling
adj.
“微笑的，带着笑意的”
with
smiling
eyes
laugh
v.
“大笑”，
laugh
at
嘲笑,
laugh...away以笑消除...
18.
Who
would
you
choose
as
your
best
friend?
解析：choose及物动词，“选择，挑选”
拓展：choose不及物动词，“选择，挑选”，choose
from“从···中选择”
You
can
choose
from
these
10
books
练习：There
are
too
many
cakes
to
.
A.
choose
B.
choose
from
【新词强化训练】
Ⅰ
根据汉语提示完成句子
Would
you
please
raise
your
_____(嗓音)？
_______（几乎）no
one
believed
what
he
said.
She
has
a
________（惹人喜爱的）face.
Han
Hong
is
a
famous
_______(sing).
The
______(bore)
film
made
me
sleepy.
He
went
______(straight)
home
after
work.
There
was
no
________(choose)but
to
go
along.
test
解析：作为名词，意为测试，考查，是可数名词。have/carry
a
test
进行考试，举行考试；take
a
test
参加考试；eye
test
视力检查；blood
test验血。
作为动词，意为检查。
We’ll
have
a
test
this
afternoon.
今天下午我们要进行测试。
I
asked
the
doctor
to
test
my
eyesight.
我要求医生检查我的视力。
20.
height
解析：height名词，“高，高度”。
the
height
of：···的高度
in
height：在高度上
How
high/tall
is…=What’s
the
height
of…
拓展：high形容词，“高的”，其反义词为low
The
apples
are
too
high,
so
I
can’t
reach
them.
21.
weight
解析：weight名词，“重量”。
the
weight
of…
in
weight
The
apple
is
300
grams
in
weight.
The
man
is
nearly
twice
my
weight.
拓展：weigh动词，“有···重，重达···”
Do
you
often
weigh
yourself?
The
box
weighs
five
kilograms.
提醒：问体重的句型：
【新词强化训练】
The
students
of
Class
2
are
having
an
English
_______(测验)
now.
What’s
the
________(高度)
of
the
mountain?
That
is
the
________(bad)
accident
since
2010.
Her
handwriting
is
bad
enough,
but
his
is
________(bad).
22.
Today
Amy
and
I
talked
about
out
future
plans.
解析：plan名词，“打算，计划”，plans。make
a
plan
for
为...制定计划
What’s
your
plan
for
this
weekend?
拓展：plan动词，“计划，打算”，planned，planning。
plan
to
do
sth/
plan
sth
计划/打算做某事
My
father
plans
to
change
his
lifestyle.
social
解析：作为形容词，意为社会的。society
名词，意为社会；socialism
名词，意为社会主义；socialist
作为名词，意为社会主义者；作为形容词，意为社会主义的；sociology
名词，意为社会学；social
worker
名词，社会工作者。
Air
pollution
is
a
social
problem.
空气污染是一个社会问题。
24.
shy
解析：shy“害羞的”，
shyness
害羞，shyly怕羞地，胆小地
be
shy
of/
about“羞于···”
The
girl
gave
me
a
shy
smile.
Kate
always
answered
shyly
when
she
was
asked
a
question.
【新词强化训练】
The
Blacks
will
plan
_______(go)
to
Suzhou
by
plane.
我的哥哥和姐姐都是社会工作者。
Both
my
brother
and
my
sister
are
______
_____.
我昨天制定了一个提高英语成绩的计划。
I
______
_____
______
______
improving
my
English
yesterday.
别害羞。
Don’t
______
______.
25.
50m
swimming
sec.
解析：sec缩写词，完全形式为second，复数加s。
I
can’t
eat
an
ice
cream
in
five
seconds.
拓展：序数词，“第二”
练习：It
travels
thousands
of
miles
per
s
.
26.
Max
has
a
good
sense
of
humor.
解析：sense名词：have
a
sense
of/
have
a
good
sense
of/
have
no
sense
of
a
sense
of
belonging
练习：A
bird
must
have
direction.
a
good
sense
of
B.
a
bad
sense
of
C.
a
good
sense
D.
sense
of
27.
They
do
not
fit
well
under
his
desk.
解析：fit不及物动词，“可容纳，装进”。fit/fitted,
fitting.
My
books
can’t
fit
in
the
box.
拓展：A.
fit动词，“适合，合身，安装”。
Your
clothes
fit
well.
He
fitted
the
door
with
a
lock.
fit形容词，“适合的，恰当的，健康的”
The
food
is
not
fit
for
the
old.
Tom
runs
to
keep
fit.
He
is
not
fit
to
look
after
the
children.
28.
When
he
walks
past
our
desks,
he
often
knocks
our
books
and
pens
onto
the
floor.
解析：knock…onto…“把···撞到···上面”
Don’t
knock
the
bottles
onto
the
floor.
拓展：knock…off“将···从···处碰掉”
knock
at/on
敲，击
knock
over撞翻，碰倒
knock
down打到，撞倒
29.
patient
解析：“耐心的”
be
patient
with
sb/
sth
（对...有耐心的）；be
patient
of
（能忍受的）,
其反义词是impatient
n.
[c]
病人
练习：Mr
Wu
always
spends
a
lot
of
time
explaining
things
to
us.
He
is
so
.
cool
B.
patient
C.
selfish
D.
unfair
30.
square
解析：
adj.
“方形的”：She
has
a
square
face.
拓展：A.
square
adj.
“平方的”
This
room
is
about
30
square
meters.
B.
square
n.
“正方形，广场”the
Time
Square
I
saw
him
sticking
by
the
square.
我看见他一直在广场附近闲逛。
She
marked
two
squares
on
the
blackboard.
她在黑板上画了两个正方形。
31.
fat
解析：adj.
胖的。fatter，fattest
n.
[u]
脂肪
There
is
too
much
fat
in
the
meat.
32.
I
think
she
will
make
an
excellent
teacher.
解析：adj.
极好的，杰出的。
He
is
an
excellent
speaker
of
French.
【新词强化训练】
We
will
never
forget
the
children’s
_______(微笑的)
faces.
David
is
an
______(优秀的)
student.
Tian’anmen
______(广场)
is
very
large.
这位医生对他的病人很有耐心。
The
doctor
is
very
______
_____
his
______.
他比他的朋友胖。
He’s
______
_____
his
friend.