牛津译林版英语八年级上Unit 1 Friends grammar-intergrated skills学案（1课时含答案）

授课标题
8AU1
Grammar
&
Integrated
Skills讲解
学习目标
1、会正确的读单词，了解中文意思
2、会灵活的运用单词
3、短语的灵活运用
重点难点
1、灵活的掌握单词的用法
2、根据短语进行句子翻译
Grammar
&
Integrated
Skills
一、重要词汇和句型
Can
I
have
some
more
food
too?
我可以再要一些食物吗？
Some
表示“一些”，
常用于肯定句。
否定句，疑问句或条件句中常用any
来表示一些。
Some
,
any
既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。
（拓展）
在表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，用some
而不用any
What
about
the
pizza
in
your
bowal?你碗里的比萨如何啊？
What
about
...?=How
about...?
表示“...怎么样”表示提建议的句子，用来提出一种可能，询问对方意见。后面接名词或代词。若跟动词则需用动名词形式。
She
helps
me
with
my
homework
and
when
she
is
on
the
bus,
she
always
gives
her
seat
to
someone
in
need.
她帮我做家庭作业，当她在公交车上的时候，她总是给需要的人让座。
（1）Help
sb
with
sth=
help
sb
to
do
sth
表示“帮助某人做某事”
I’m
willing
to
help
you
with
your
lesson=
I’m
willing
to
help
you
to
study
your
lessons.
我愿意帮你学习功课。
give
a
seat
to
sb
意为给某人让座，
类似的短语有
have/take
a
seat意为
sit
down
;
take
one’s
seat
意为
就坐，坐某人的位置。
In
need
表示
有需求的，处于需要状态中的，常做后置定语，位于被修饰的名词后；若表示
急，很需要，常用
in
great
need;
表示某人或某地需要某物，sb/sp+be
+in
need
of
sth.
Max
has
a
good
sense
of
humour.
马克思很有幽默感。
Have
a
...
Sense
of
.....表示对。。。感觉如何。
既用于主语对事物的生理感觉，也用于主语对事物的觉察和觉悟
Sense
作为名词，意为“
感觉”
The
sense
of
sight/
hearing
/smell/
taste/
touch
视/听/嗅/味/触觉
5.
have
some
more
food
再来一点食物
【探究】more是many和much的比较级，常用来修饰名词。
【拓展】(1)
more之前可用基数词或some,any,
many,
much,
a
little,
a
few
no等词修饰。
（2）“基数词+more+名词”结构可与“another+基数词+名词”结构互换，意为“再...”
如：two
more
books=
another
two
books
6.
在日常交际用语中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种：
“Let’s+动词原形”意为“让我们...吧。”
“What/How
about+动词ing/名词/代词宾格”意为“...怎么样？”
“Shall
we+动词原形”表示“我们...好吗？”
“Why
don’t
we/
you+动词原形”或“Why
not+动词原形”意为“为什么不...？”
“Would
you
like
(to
do)
...?”意为“你愿意/想要（做）......吗？”
“Would/
Will
you
please+动词原形”意为“请你......好吗？”
7.
Maybe
we
can
share
it.
Maybe意为“也许，可能，大概”是副词。
【辨析】maybe和may
be
maybe常位于句首，表示不太肯定的推测，相当于perhaps,
probably,
possibly.在口语中maybe可单独使用。
May
be意为“可能是，也许是”，由情态动词may加系动词be构成，常用于句中，放在主语后作谓语，构成主系表结构。
(3)
maybe和may
be可相互转换。
He
may
be
in
the
office.=
Maybe
he
is
in
the
office.
他或许在办公室。
You
may
be
right.=
Maybe
you
are
right.
你或许是对的。
【例题】同义句转换
They
may
be
in
the
classroom.=___________
they
in
the
classroom.
【课堂练习】
I
短语翻译
未来的计划
听他们的话
画画
倾听某人的问题
解决问题
帮助某人干某事
交朋友
在某人的日记中
日记记载
想要做个社会工作者
竭尽全力做某事
感到不高兴
参加绘画比赛
在...旁边
在单词表上
写下
不同的组别
II
根据中文写出英文单词：
1．My
watch
works
well.
There
is
n________
wrong
with
it.
2．I
often
let
my
best
friends
s________
my
joy.
3．It’s
a
s________
between
you
and
me.
Don’t
tell
it
to
others.
4．Tom
is
an
h________
boy.
He
never
tells
lies.
5．John
is
very
_________(有趣的)young
man．
6．Lucy
is
polite
and
_________（乐于助人的）.
We
all
like
her.
7．Everything
is
_________（准备好）for
the
party.
8．Look!
There
is
a
pet
dog
_______（躺）on
the
ground.
Let’s
go
and
play
with
it.
III、单项选择
(
)1．—Is
there____________
in
today’s
newspaper?
—Yes，Shenzhou
Ⅷ
will
be
sent
up
into
space
in
the
future．
A．nothing
important
B．important
nothing
C．anything
important
D．important
anything
(
)2．There
is
______knocking
at
the
door.
Go
and
see
who
it
is.
A．no
one
B．anyone
C．someone
D．everyone
(
)3．If
you
see
the
cartoon
film,
it
will
make
you
______.
A．to
laugh
B．laugh
C．laughing
D．laughed
(
)4．If
your
friend
tells
a
lie
to
you,
you
should
_______.
A．tell
a
lie,
too
B．talk
with
him
and
find
out
the
reason
C．hit
him
on
the
head
with
a
stone
(
)5．He
is
always
______help
others
A．ready
B．ready
to
C．ready
for
D．to
ready
(
)6．You
should
study
hard
and
help________．
A．each
others
B．each
one
C．one
another
D．each
other
(
)7．I
am
sure
that
he
is
______a
lie.
A．saying
B．talking
C．speaking
D．telling
(
)8．Ten
thousand
dollars________
quite
a
lot
of
money
for
me．
A．are
B．will
be
C．is
D．will
have
(
)9．The
old
man
_____
on
the
road.
Luckily,
he
was
not
_____badly.
A．lay;
hurt
B．lied;
hurted
C．has
lain;
hurt
D．lying;
hurted
(
)10．---Could
I
get
you
something
to
drink?
---_____.
I’m
thirsty.
A
Yes,
please
B
No,
thanks
C
You
are
welcome
D
Here
you
are
二、语法讲解
（一）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er，est。
（1）一般情况在词尾加-er，est。如：hard
harder
hardest
（2）以字母e结尾的只加-r，-st。如：large
larger
largest
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，est。如：healthy
healthier
healthiest
（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er，est。如：thin
thinner
thinnest
注：词尾为ow，er，le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：
narrow????????
narrower????????????
narrowest
clever?????????
cleverer?????????????
cleverest
simple????????
simpler??????????????
simplest
（二）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more，most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：
serious???????
more
serious???????
most
serious
popular??????
more
popular???????
most
popular
tired??????????
more
tired???????????
most
tired
pleased??????
more
pleased??????
most
pleased
（三）不规则变化：
good/well???????????
better???????????????????
best
bad/ill/badly???????
worse???????????????????
worst
many/much?????????
more????????????????????
most
little??????????????????
less?????????????????????
least
far?????????????????????
farther/further???????
farthest/furthest
old?????????????????????
older/elder???????????
oldest/eldest
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1）同级比较。常用句型为：
肯定结构：as+形容词（副词）原级+
as
否定结构：not
so
(as)+形容词（副词）原级+as如：
Our
garden
is
as
beautiful
as
theirs.
Jane
didn't
write
as/so
carefully
as
her
elder
sister.
上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：This
room
is
three
times
as
large
as
that
one.
2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是：
A+形容词（副词）比较级+
than
B
如：
Shanghai
is
bigger
than
any
other
city
in
China.
Which
do
you
like
better,
strawberries
or
grapes?
3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：
the+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（of/among/in短语）
如：
Spring
is
the
best
season
in
Shanghai.
David
is
the
cleverest
among
the
three
brothers.
Tom
jumps
(the)
farthest
of
all
the
students.
注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。
学习比较等级时的—些注意事项
1）比较的对象应当一致。如：
It's
hotter
in
Guangzhou
than
Beijing.（误）
It's
hotter
in
Guangzhou
than
in
Beijing.（正）
A
woman's
heart
beats
faster
than
a
man.（误）
A
woman's
heart
beats
faster
than
a
man’s.（正）
2)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：much,
even,
far,
a
bit,
a
little,
a
lot，still等。
This
pair
of
shoes
is
even
cheaper.
The
new
textbook
is
a
little
thicker
than
the
old
one.
He
is
five
years
younger
than
I.
3)在比较级的句子中出现“of
the
two”之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词the。如：
He
is
the
shorter
of
the
two
boys.
Which
is
the
larger
country,
Canada
or
Australia?
4)“比较级+
and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”，多音节词则要用“more+
and+more+原级”。如：
A
block
of
ice
is
becoming
smaller
and
smaller.
I
am
more
and
more
interested
in
history.
5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越是……就越”。如：
The
sooner,
the
better.（越快越好。）
The
busier
he
is,
the
happier
he
feels.
牛刀小试：
1
Tom
is
_______(
tall
)
than
Jim,
he
is
one
of
the
_______(
tall
)
_______
(
student
)
in
our
class.
2
English
is
_______
(difficult
)
than
maths,
but
I
learn
English
_______(
well
)
in
all
subjects.
3
this
picture
is
________(
beautiful
)than
that
one.
It’s
________(
beautiful
)
of
all.
4
Today
is
a
fine
day.
It
is
________(fine)
day
in
this
week.
5
Mr.
Wang
is
like
a
bee.
He
is
one
of
_______(busy)teachers
in
our
school.
6
在中国哪个城市最大？
_____________________________________________________
7
他的分数比班上其他人的要差很多。
_____________________________________________________
8
在我们班没有人比他快乐。
_____________________________________________________
9
这是最重要的会议之一。
_____________________________________________________
10
这部电影中最滑稽的演员是Ben
Smith。
_____________________________________________________
重要词汇与句型课堂练习答案
I1．nothing
2．share
3．secret
4．honest
5．fun
6．
helpful
7．ready
8．lying
II1
future
plans.
2
listen
to
their
conversation
3
paint
pictures
4
listen
to
people’s
problems
5
solve
problems
6
help
sb
do
sth
7
make
friends
8
in
one’s
duty
9
diary
entry
10
would
like
to
be
a
social
worker
11
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth
12
feel
unhappy
13
take
part
in
a
painting
competition
14
the
boy
on
the
left
15
next
to
16
on
the
vocabulary
tree
17
write
down
18
different
groups
III、1—5
CCBBB
6—10
DDCAA