2021-2022学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 2 Onwards and upwards A卷 基础夯实单元测试（ word版含解析 无听力试题）

Unit
2
Onwards
and
upwards
A卷
基础夯实
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分
阅读（共两节,满分50分）
第1节
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
??
Experience
around
food
is
about
the
place,
the
time
and
the
people,
and
"the
best
meal"
can
be
found
in
a
fine
dining
restaurant
or
a
crowded
street
market.
How
can
you
recreate
that
special
moment
influenced
by
place
and
time?
Travel
is
becoming
the
most
popular
reason
to
visit
many
places
around
the
world.
Here
are
the
places
that
consistently
excite
the
senses.
???
South
of
France
???
Markets
with
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables
and
butcher
shops
are
abundant.
Regional
wines
are
excellent.
And
freshly
baked
French
bread
with
French
butter
is
what
memories
are
made
of.
Take
a
chair
in
an
ancient
walled
city
for
a
meal
with
a
view
that
you
will
never
forget.
???
Barcelona
???
This
bustling
city
filled
with
unique
buildings
is
a
city
for
lovers
of
history,
architecture
and
food.
Kiosko
Universal,
a
counter
restaurant
at
one
comer
of
the
market,
prepares
some
of
the
simplest
and
best
food
we've
ever
had.
Give
yourself
a
week
to
explore
and
see
everything
the
city
offers.
The
city
is
not
to
be
missed.
???
Italy
???
It's
hard
to
choose
one
place
or
city
to
visit.
Some
of
our
favorite
places
include
the
coastal
regions
on
the
Adriatic
and
Tuscany.
Friuli
stole
our
hearts
last
year
with
its
many
unique
wines,
small
artisan
food
producers,
and
influences
from
neighboring
countries
like
Austria
and
Germany.
???
Mexico
City
???
From
unbelievable
food
markets
and
casual
street
stands,
Mexico
City
has
become
the
place
to
travel
for
the
food
lovers.
If
you
want
to
eat
locally,
order
a
Hurache,
a
street
food
specialty.
All
you
will
need
is
a
local
microbrew
or
Mezcal(龙舌兰酒)
to
wash
it
down.
1.
What
is
Kiosko
Universal?
A.
A
market.
B.
A
butcher
shop.
C.
A
restaurant.
D.
A
street
stand.
2.
What
do
you
need
to
help
swallow
Hurache
when
eating
it?
A.
Bread.
B.
Alcohol.
C.
Juice.
D.
Fruit.
3.
What
do
the
four
places
have
in
common?
A.
They
are
tourist
attractions.
B.
They
have
ancient
buildings.
C.
They
lie
in
Europe.
D.
They
are
noted
for
tasty
food.
B
?
When
I
woke
up,
I
made
myself
breakfast,
sat
and
listened
to
the
traffic.
Some
of
my
friends
asked
me
how
I
could
stand
living
somewhere
so
noisy.
It's
true
that
there’s
always
some
kinds
of
noise
in
my
neighborhood,
but
to
me,these
are
the
sounds
of
life.
???
It
was
Saturday
morning,
so
I
decided
to
go
to
the
park.
The
taxi
was
the
fastest
way
to
go
but
I
took
the
bus
instead.
???
When
you
ride
the
bus,
you
get
to
see
so
much
more
of
the
city.
It
can
be
kind
of
loud
on
the
bus,
with
some
people
talking
on
their
phones,
some
people
chatting
with
their
friends,
and
others
playing
music.
It’s
just
like
the
traffic’s
sounds,
though
the
noise
on
the
bus
represents
people
working,
relaxing
and
living.
???
Once
I
got
to
the
park,
I
picked
a
bench
over
near
the
play
area
where
kids
played
while
their
parents
sat
nearby.
I
could
see
and
hear
almost
everything
from
there.
People-watching
is
one
of
my
favorite
things
to
do.
However,
I
like
listening
even
better.
The
only
problem
is
that
there’s
so
much
to
see
and
hear
in
the
park!
???
Usually,
I
like
to
close
my
eyes.
That
way,
I
can
pay
more
attention
to
the
sounds
and
not
get
distracted
by
what
I
see.
With
my
eyes
closed,
I
could
pick
out
parts
of
two
old
men's
conversation.
One
of
them
was
telling
the
other
about
something
his
grandson
said.
I
couldn’t
hear
the
rest,
but
it
must
be
hilarious
because
his
friend’s
laugh
was
so
loud.
???
When
I'm
old,
I
hope
that
I
will
also
have
a
friend
who
will
sit
in
the
park
with
me,
and
who
will
enjoy
listening
to
the
sounds
of
the
city
as
much
as
I
do.
1.Some
of
the
author's
friends
think
"the
sounds
of
_____
life"
are
very.
A.unpleasant
B.unique
C.magical
D.interesting
2.The
author
took
the
bus
to
the
park
because
______.
A.there
was
no
other
transport
to
go
there
B.he
wanted
to
see
more
about
people's
life
C.it
was
the
most
convenient
way
D.his
friend
advised
him
to
do
so
3.The
author
closed
his
eyes
in
order
to
______.
A.have
a
good
rest
B.hide
himself
from
view
C.enjoy
the
sounds
of
life
D.avoid
talking
with
the
two
old
men
4.The
underlined
word
"hilarious"
in
Paragraph
5probably
means
"______".
A.truly
different
B.quite
popular
C.rather
strange
D.extremely
funny
C
?
Many
Americans
think
of
driverless
cars
as
a
futuristic
technology
that
will
revolutionize
travel
in
cities
and
along
state
highways.
But
recent
experiments
are
proving
that
autonomous
vehicles
also
have
the
potential
to
improve
the
quality
of
life
for
millions
of
Americans
underserved
by
traditional
modes
of
transportation,
such
as
the
elderly
and
disabled,
so
long
as
lawmakers
make
smart
policies
that
pave
the
way
for
innovation.
???
A
retirement
community
in
San
Jose,
Calif.
,
which
has
been
transformed
by
a
small
fleet
of
driverless
taxis,
shows
the
potential
of
self-driving
cars
to
transform
people's
lives.
Built
by
a
tech
start-up
called
Voyage,
the
modified
Ford
Fusions
are
currently
limited
to
a
two-mile
road,
but
residents
are
already
having
the
benefits
of
these
autonomous
vehicles,
which
allow
them
to
participate
in
social
activities
they
would
otherwise
be
unable
to
enjoy
simply
because
they
could
not
get
to
them.
???
When
the
trial
run
finally
expands
to
15
miles
of
road,
these
residents—whose
average
age
is
76—will
also
have
a
convenient
and
reliable
new
way
to
appointments.
As
these
cars
continue
to
serve
residents
there,
it
is
easy
to
understand
why
California
is
moving
to
simplify
regulations
for
the
industry.
???
In
Michigan,
forward-thinking
policies
have
the
potential
to
unlock
other
hidden
benefits
of
autonomous
vehicles,
especially
for
those
with
physical
disabilities.
The
Michigan
Disability
Rights
Coalition
has
strongly
advocated
for
the
development
of
this
technology,
saying
that
it
could
give
people
with
disabilities
greater
opportunities
in
the
workforce
and
enable
them
to
lead
more
fulfilling,
independent
lives.
???
Many
recognize
that
autonomous
vehicles
will
be
the
future
of
transportation,
but
it
is
too
often
overlooked
that
this
future
cannot
arrive
fast
enough
for
millions
of
Americans
who
are
forced
to
depend
on
others
for
day-to-day
travel.
The
policymakers
should
follow
the
lead
of
places
like
California
and
Michigan,
and
pass
rules
and
regulations
to
unlock
these
hidden
benefits
of
driverless
cars.
1.
What's
the
attitude
of
most
American
people
to
the
future
of
autonomous
vehicles?
A.
Uncertain.
B.
Doubtful.
C.
Indifferent.
D.
Optimistic.
2.
What
is
the
modified
Ford
Fusion?
A.
The
collection
of
social
activities.
B.
The
name
of
a
retirement
community.
C.
A
kind
of
autonomous
vehicle.
D.
A
two-mile
road
for
self-driving
cars.
3.
Examples
are
given
in
the
third
and
the
fourth
paragraphs
to
prove
_____.
A.
what
are
preventing
the
development
of
the
technology
B.
why
driverless
cars
are
restricted
in
many
states
in
America
C.
how
driverless
technology
benefits
the
aged
and
disabled
D.
when
driverless
cars
can
enter
people's
life
eventually
4.
What
does
the
author
attempt
to
inform
us
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
The
concept
of
autonomous
vehicles
has
been
widely
recognized.
B.
The
weak
groups
are
often
overlooked
despite
technology
advances.
C.
The
benefits
of
driverless
cars
have
been
fully
unlocked.
D.
Regulations
should
go
hand
in
hand
with
driverless
technology.
D
?
Bee
see,
bee
do.
At
least
that's
the
conclusion
of
research
published
earlier
this
month
in
the
journal
PLOS
Biology,
showing
that
bumblebees
learn
to
solve
problems
by
watching
each
other.
???
In
the
first
study
of
its
kind
in
insects,
scientists
constructed
experiments
that
challenged
bees
to
pull
strings
in
order
to
access
rewards
of
nectar(花蜜).
???
The
scientists
hoped
their
study
would
throw
light
on
a
bigger
picture:
how
social
learning
spreads
through
a
population.
???
In
the
study,
Lars
Chittka
from
Queen
Mary
University
of
London
and
his
team
made
artificial
flowers
and
filled
them
with
artificial
nectar
made
of
sugar
water.
They
put
the
flowers
under
a
clear
type
of
plastic
and
attached
a
string.
???
Then
they
added
bees.
While
most
of
the
insects
failed
to
reach
the
nectar,
a
few
eventually
figured
out
how
to
access
it,
by
pulling
the
string.
???
The
team
discovered
that
they
could
greatly
increase
the
success
rate
of
the
bees
by
first
placing
them
inside
a
transparent(透明的)
box
where
they
could
observe
an
experienced
bee
pull
the
string.
Then,
when
the
boxed
bees
were
released,
they
often
knew
what
to
do
and
successfully
pulled
the
string
to
obtain
nectar.
???
Next,
the
researchers
added
a
bee
that
was
experienced
in
string
pulling
to
each
of
three
new
groups
that
had
never
seen
the
experiment
before.
Within
a
short
time,
about
half
of
all
those
bees
were
soon
pulling
the
strings.
That
result
suggests
the
learned
behavior
could
spread
from
bee
to
bee,
similar
to
the
way
cultural
ideas
spread
in
other
animals,
including
people.
???
The
experiment
suggests
that
social
learning
may
be
more
widespread
in
the
animal
kingdom
than
people
previously
thought.
1.
What
happened
after
the
bee
pulled
the
string?
A.
It
joined
others.
B.
It
saw
flowers.
C.
It
found
water.
D.
It
got
nectar.
2.
What
did
the
boxed
bees
do
after
being
set
free?
A.
They
watched
the
experienced
bee
work.
B.
They
imitated
the
experienced
bee.
C.
They
flew
directly
to
the
rewards.
D.
They
flew
back
to
the
box.
3.
Why
was
an
experienced
bee
added
to
new
bee
groups?
A.
To
reduce
the
difficulty
of
the
experiment.
B.
To
watch
the
process
of
string
pulling.
C.
To
carry
the
experiment
further.
D.
To
keep
the
bees'
interest.
4.
What
does
the
study
find?
A.
Most
animals
create
their
own
cultures.
B.
Strings
are
particularly
attractive
to
bees.
C.
Animals
may
have
good
social
learning
ability.
D.
Bumblebees
may
be
smarter
than
other
bee
species.
第二节
（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
?
There
are
five
factors
which
contribute
to
the
spread
of
fake
news:
political
gain,
misreporting,
going
viral(病毒式传播),
financial
gain
and
"not
letting
the
truth
get
in
the
way
of
a
good
story".
????①_____?When
the
Titanic
disaster
happened,
telegrams
stating
that
all
the
passengers
from
the
Titanic
had
been
rescued
were
reported
as
facts
in
newspapers,
before
the
full
extent
of
the
tragedy
came
to
light.
????②_____?In
the
early
20th
century
it
took
years
rather
than
seconds
but
the
principle
was
the
same.
People
shared
the
photographs
around,
not
checking
the
accuracy
of
them,
either
wanting
to
believe
they
were
real,
or
just
because
they
were
a
novelty.
???
It's
long
been
believed
that
the
motto
of
Fleet
Street
is
"Never
let
the
facts
get
in
the
way
of
a
good
story",
illustrated
by
a
news
story
earlier
in
2017
that
Jeremy
Corbyn
had
refused
to
bow
his
head
to
the
Queen
at
the
State
Opening
of
Parliament.
Only
later
did
it
become
known
that
protocol(礼节)
doesn't
require
bowing
to
the
Queen
in
these
situations.?③_____
???
The
final
two
factors
for
a
story
to
be
fake
news
often
go
hand
in
hand:
as
a
political
tool,
and
a
must
to
make
profits.?④_____
Easier
than
you'd
think.
The
websites
with
fake
news
can
easily
get
astonishing
hits,
which
then
attract
advertisements
and
thus
earn
the
website
owners
a
nice
profit.
???
The
good
news
is
that
a
number
of
new
media
organizations
are
trying
to
encourage
us
to
think
about
where
news
comes
from,
who
puts
it
out,
and
whether
anyone
can
politically,
financially
or
ideologically
gain
from
it,
before
we
share
it
around
social
media.
⑤_____
A.?How
does
that
make
money?
B.?How
do
people
gain
politically?
C.?But
that
didn't
matter—the
story
was
out.
D.?Here
is
a
good
example
of
misreporting.
E.?That
was
how
a
good
story
came
into
being.
F.?Going
viral
is
another
typical
characteristic
of
fake
news.
G.?Thus
we
can
give
it
certain
respectability
and
trustworthiness.
第二部分
语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节
（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
?
This
is
so
easy,
inexpensive,
and
has
always
brought
either
of
two
?
1?
:
a
look
of
shock
or
a
big
smile.
I
am
a
cane-walking(拄着手杖走路的)senior
citizen
with
mobility
?
2?
,
especially
in
cold
weather
but
I
have
a
sharp
eye
for
useful
bargains
and
since
I
still
drive,
I
can
do
this
without
having
to
get
in
and
out
of
the
car
to
help
people.
???
Here
is
how
it
"works".
When
I
see
gloves,
warm
hats
and
scarves
on
sale
(new
or
in
good
condition
from
a
second-hand
store),
I
buy
them
very
?
3?
.
If
laundering(洗涤)
is
needed,
I
do
it
to??
4?
?tiny
stains(污渍)
so
everything
looks
good.
???
I
have
a
large
basket
that
I
keep
in
the
passenger
side
of
my
car
and
I
"file"
these
things
in
it,
where
I
can
easily
reach
over
and
get
whatever
I
determine
is
most??
5?
?for
someone
who
is
without
and
out
in
the
cold.
???
I
am
always??
6?
?of
things
and
people
around
me
in
parking
lots
and
along
the
walkways
of
my
small
hometown.
But
when
I
see
someone
obviously
cold
and
without
what
will
help
them,
I??
7?
?beside
them,
roll
down
my
?
8?
,
and
ask
if
they
will??
9?
?and
wear
all
three
things
or
whatever
is
needed…
and
then
as
they
stare
at
me
in
?
10?
,
I
always
add:
"I
have
things
right
here
in
my??
11?
?to
share.
Please
me
by??
12?
?them
to
stay
warm
when
you
are
outside."
???
Not
yet
have
I??
13?
?hostility(敌意)
or
felt
in
any
danger,
but
since
so
many
of
the
items
are
"cheerful"
colors,
I
often
see
the
persons
I
gave
them
to
walking
down
the
street.
It??
14?
?my
heart
to
know
that
my
items
are
being
used
and
?
15?
.
1.
A.
routines????
B.
reactions????
C.
outlines????
D.
suggestions
2.
A.
performances????
B.
amusement????
C.
addiction????
D.
problems
3.
A.
cheaply????
B.
casually????
C.
unwillingly????
D.
briefly
4.
A.
strengthen????
B.
increase????
C.
paint????
D.
remove
5.
A.
specific????
B.
useful????
C.
popular????
D.
usual
6.
A.
positive????
B.
short????
C.
careful????
D.
fond
7.
A.
put
down????
B.
settle
down????
C.
queue
up????
D.
pull
up
8.
A.
window????
B.
light????
C.
wheel????
D.
floor
9.
A.
improve????
B.
buy????
C.
borrow????
D.
accept
10.
A.
sadness????
B.
dishonesty????
C.
disbelief????
D.
anger
11.
A.
mind????
B.
bag????
C.
basket????
D.
reach
12.
A.
wearing????
B.
winning????
C.
ignoring????
D.
folding
13.
A.
accounted
for????
B.
met
with????
C.
escaped
from????
D.
kept
up
with
14.
A.
splits????
B.
sacrifices????
C.
forces????
D.
warms
15.
A.
examined????
B.
appreciated????
C.
blamed????
D.
guaranteed
第二节
（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
??
Goldfish
may
look
small
and
cute
in
your
home,
but
in
the
wild,
it's
a
different
story.
Releasing
them
into
your
local
rivers
or
lakes
①_____(be)
a
bad
idea.
???
②_____
(thousand)
of
goldfish
have
settled
down
in
the
West
Medical
Lake
and
are
crowding
out
the
native
fish
population.?③_____
did
this
happen?
The
Department
of
Fish
and
Wildlife
thinks
a
few
irresponsible
pet
owners
are
④_____
(blame).
And
it
will
cost
the
state
about
$
150,000
to
try
to
remove
these
goldfish.
???
Goldfish
⑤_____
(bring)
into
North
America
in
the19th
century.
They
are
now
invading
lakes
and
rivers
across
the
continent.
Actually,
goldfish
are
one
of
the
world's
⑥_____
(bad)
invasive(侵入的)
species.
Given
enough
time
and
resources,
they
will
grow
⑦_____
(rapid)
to
the
size
of
an
American
football!
These
big
fish
are
also
big
eaters.
⑧_____
(feed)
on
plants,
insects
and
other
fish,
they
consume
what
other
fish
rely
on
to
survive.
Worse
still,
they
introduce
foreign
diseases
that
destroy
the
delicately-balanced
ecosystems
wherever
they
go.
????⑨_____
you
think
you're
doing
the
goldfish
a
favour
by
releasing
it,
you're
wrong!
Instead,
you're
setting
the
stage
for
an
ecological
disaster,?⑩_____
could
threaten
hundreds
of
other
species.
So,
think
twice
before
releasing
goldfish.
第三部分
写作（共两节,满分40分）
第1节
(满分15分)
???
假如你是李华,你的美国网友Peter参加中国象棋网络挑战赛获得了一等奖。请根据以下提示写一封英文电子邮件向他表示祝贺。
???
1.祝贺他获奖;
???
2.肯定他付出的努力;
???
3.询问何时方便,在网上切磋棋艺。
???
注意:
???
1.词数80左右;
???
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
???
3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
???
参考词汇:中国象棋网络挑战赛the
Chinese
Chess
Network
Challenge
Dear
Peter,
???
I
am
writing
to
offer
my
sincere
congratulations
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
???
Congratulations
again.
Yours,
第1节
Li
Hua
第1节
（满分25分）
阅读下列材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
???
I'm
a
devoted
environmentalist.
Every
month
I
bring
several
bags
of
carefully
cleaned
bottles
to
the
recycling
center,
pour
them
into
blue
barrels(桶)
for
weighing,
and
walk
away
with
a
few
dollars
per
bag.
???
The
last
time
I
went,
there
was
a
long
line.
A
white-haired
man
was
growing
impatient
with
the
clerk,
who
explained
that
the
scale(秤)
was
not
working
and
would
have
to
be
reset.
The
elderly
man
rolled
his
eyes
as
the
clerk
apologized
for
the
delay(拖延)
and
said
that
it
would
just
take
another
minute.
His
air
of
dissatisfaction
was
obvious
as
he
tapped
one
foot
and
folded
his
arms
across
his
chest.
???
The
next
person
in
line
was
a
bearded
man
whose
hair
was
so
messy
that
it
looked
like
he
had
been
through
a
windstorm.
His
clothing
was
mismatched
and
dirty
and
hung
loosely
as
if
he
had
lost
a
lot
of
weight.
He
looked
up
at
me
from
behind
a
blue
barrel
filled
with
glass
bottles.
???
I
was
looking
for
empty
barrels
when
he
handed
me
one.
"Here,
you
don't
need
to
get
your
hands
dirty,"
he
offered
with
a
shy
smile.
He
was
right
about
one
thing.
Those
barrels
are
really
dirty,
with
enough
spilled
soda
and
beer
to
attract
numerous
bees
and
flies.
I
always
come
equipped
with
wipes
and
have
occasionally
worn
gloves.
???
Normally,
when
a
man
offers
to
help
me
carry
something,
I
always
say,
"I
can
do
it''
or
"Thanks
but
I
don't
need
any
help."
There
was,
however,
the
fellow
with
honesty
that
made
me
hard
to
refuse.
I
thanked
him
for
the
barrel
and
began
to
open
my
first
bag.
"I
can
help
you
with
that,"
he
offered.
Paragraph
1:
???
Again
I
wanted
to
tell
him
that
I
could
do
it
myself.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
???
I
decided
to
reward
him
for
his
kindness.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分
阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3
CBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据“Barcelona”部分中的“Kiosko
Universal,
a
counter
restaurant
at
one
corner
of
the
market”可知,
Kiosko
Universal是一家餐馆,故答案为C项。
2.细节理解题。根据“Mexico
City”部分中的“All
you
will
need
is
a
local
microbrew
or
Mezcal
to
wash
it
down.”可知答案为B项（酒）。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Experience
around
food
is
about
the
place…”及对这四个地方的介绍可知答案为D项（它们都以美食著称）。
B.答案：1.A;
2.B;
3.C;
4.D
解析：1.本文是记叙文。文章描述了作者对生活中各种声音的喜爱及他在周六这一天的生活经历。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,作者和他的一些朋友对生活环境中的嘈杂声音持不同意见。对作者而言,这些声音是生命之声,而作者的朋友则无法忍受,故选A。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的When
you
ride
the
bus,you
get
to
see
so
much
more
of
the
city.和第三段内容可知,作者乘坐公交车去公园是为了更好地观察人们的生活。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的That
way,I
can
pay
more
attention
to
the
sounds
and
not
get
distracted
by
what
I
see.可知,作者闭上眼睛是为了集中注意力倾听生命之声。
4.词义猜测题。根据本段中的because
his
friend’s
laugh
was
so
loud可知,其中一位老人讲述有关他孙子的事,这使得另外一位老人哈哈大笑,由此可推知,那位老人的孙子的事情一定十分有趣。
C.答案：1-4
DCCD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it
could
give
people
with
disabilities
greater
opportunities
in
the
workforce
and
enable
them
to
lead
more
fulfilling,
independent
lives”和最后一段中的“Many
recognize
that
autonomous
vehicles
will
be
the
future
of
transportation”可知,自动驾驶汽车的好处,许多人认识到自动驾驶汽车将是未来的交通工具。由此可见多数美国人对自动驾驶汽车的未来持乐观的态度,故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Built
by
a
tech
start-up
called
Voyage,
the
modified
Ford
Fusions
are
currently
limited
to
a
two-mile
road”可知,
the
modified
Ford
Fusion是一种自动驾驶汽车,故选C项。
3.推理判断题。第三段中“these
residents—whose
average
age
is
76—will
also
have
a
convenient
and
reliable
new
way
to
appointments”的例子说明了自动驾驶汽车给老年人带来的方便,第四段中“forward-thinking
policies
have
the
potential
to
unlock
other
hidden
benefits
of
autonomous
vehicles,
especially
for
those
with
physical
disabilities”的例子说明了自动驾驶汽车给残疾人带来的方便。所以这两段是在说明自动驾驶汽车给老年人和残疾人带来的方便,故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The
policymakers
should
follow
the
lead
of
places
like
California
and
Michigan,
and
pass
rules
and
regulations
to
unlock
these
hidden
benefits
of
driverless
cars.”可知,作者想告诉我们政策制定者应该通过规章制度来释放无人驾驶汽车的潜在好处,故选D项。
D.答案：1-4
DBCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“pull
strings
in
order
to
access
rewards
of
nectar”和第五段中的“a
few
eventually
figured
out
how
to
access
it,
by
pulling
the
string”可知,蜜蜂把绳拉动之后就可以得到花蜜。
2.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“when
the
boxed
bees
were
released,
they
often
knew
what
to
do
and
successfully
pulled
the
string
to
obtain
nectar”可知,把蜜蜂从透明盒子里放出来之后,它们就会模仿那只有经验的蜜蜂拉绳取蜜。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“placing
them
inside
a
transparent
box
where
they
could
observe
an
experienced
bee
pull
the
string”和倒数第二段中的“each
of
three
new
groups
that
had
never
seen
the
experiment
before”可知,在后一个实验中,蜜蜂面临的挑战升级,这样做的目的就是使研究更深入。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“the
learned
behavior
could
spread
from
bee
to
bee,
similar
to
the
way
cultural
ideas
spread
in
other
animals,
including
people”和最后一段中的“social
learning
may
be
more
widespread
in
the
animal
kingdom
than
people
previously
thought”可知,这项研究发现动物们可能具有良好的相互学习的能力。
第二节
答案：DFCAG
解析：①横线后一句“When
the
Titanic
disaster
happened,
Telegrams
stating
that
all
the
passengers
from
the
Titanic
had
been
rescued
were
reported
as
fact
in
newspapers”告诉我们当泰坦尼克号沉没的时候,新闻报道说所有乘客都获救了。这属于典型的虚假新闻,列举的是错误报道的例子,所以D项“Here
is
a
good
example
of
misreporting.”符合语境,故选择D项。
②横线后一句“In
the
early
20th
century
it
took
years
rather
than
seconds
but
the
principle
was
the
same.”告诉我们在20世纪早期虚假新闻的传播要好几年,而现在只要几秒钟。虽然时间差别很大,但是这种病毒式传播虚假新闻的原则是一样的,所以F项“Going
viral
is
another
typical
characteristic
of
fake
news.”符合语境,故选择F项。
③横线前一句中列举事例告诉我们实际上Jeremy
Corbyn在国会上并不需要向女王鞠躬,但他拒绝向女王鞠躬的新闻已经传播出去了,至于最终是否是真实的并不重要。所以C项“But
that
didn't
matter,
the
story
was
out.”符合语境,故选择C项。
④本段最后一句“The
websites
with
fake
news
can
easily
get
astonishing
hits,
which
then
attracts
advertisements
and
thus
earn
the
website
owners
a
nice
profit.”告诉我们虚假新闻刊登在网站上,引起更多人点击这个新闻,会吸引广告商在这个网站上投放广告,网站的所有者就可以挣钱了。该句解释了A项“How
does
that
make
money?”所提出的问题。故选择A项。
⑤本段第一句“The
good
news
is
that
a
number
of
new
media
organizations
are
trying
to
encourage
us
to
think
about
where
news
comes
from,
who
puts
it
out,
and
whether
anyone
can
politically,
financially
or
ideologically
gain
from
it,
before
we
share
it
around
social
media.”告诉我们很多新闻媒体鼓励人们在传播信息之前要仔细思考这个消息的来源以及谁能够从中获利等。这样做能够更好地确定新闻的真实性。G项“Thus
we
can
give
it
certain
respectability
and
trustworthiness.”符合语境,故选择G项。
第二部分
语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5
BDADB
6-10
CDADC
11-15
CABDB
解析：1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很简单,也不贵,而且总是会带来两种反应中的任何一种:震惊的表情或灿烂的笑容。
routine
路线;reaction
反应;outline
外形,轮廓;suggestion
建议。由a
look
of
shock
or
a
big
smile可知,这是两种反应。故选B项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我是一个靠拐杖走路的老人,我行动不便,尤其是在寒冷的天气里。但我对有用的便宜货有着敏锐的眼光。因为我开车,所以我不用上下车就可以做这件事来帮助别人。performance表演;amusement娱乐;addiction上癒;problem
问题。由
a
cane-walking(拄着手杖走路的)senior
citizen可知,作者行动不便。故选D项。
3.考查副词词义辨析。句意：……我会非常便宜地把它们买回来。cheaply便宜地;casually随意地;unwillingly不愿意地;briefly
简洁地。由new
or
in
good
condition
from
a
second-hand
store可知,这些东西或者是新的或者是在二手商店买的质量较好的东西。所以作者会以低廉的价格把它们买回来。故选A项。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果(衣物)需要洗的话,我会洗掉细小的污渍,这样每一件东西看起来都不错。strengthen
加强;increase增加;paint画;remove清除。作者洗衣物的目的是除去污渍。故选D项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一个大篮子,我把它放在车的乘客一侧,我把这些东西“归档”在里面,这样我就可以很容易地从里面伸手去拿我认为对身处寒冷户外的人最有用的且其手里没有的东西。specific具体的;useful有用的;popular流行的;usual平常的。由someone
who
is
without
and
out
in
the
cold可知,作者所准备的东西对那些身处户外的人最有用处。故选B项。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在停车场和我家乡的小镇的人行道上,我总是留意着周围的人和物。positive积极的;
short短的;careful小心的;fond喜欢的。作者很留意周围的人和物以便向别人提供帮助。故选C项。
7.考查动词短语辨析。句意:但是,当我看到有人明显很冷,没有什么可以帮助他们的时候,我就把车停在他们旁边,摇下车窗,问他们是否愿意接受并穿上这三样东西,或者他们需要的任何东西……当他们难以置信地盯着我看时,我总是补充说：“我的篮子里刚好有可以分享的东西……”。put
down
放下;settle
down
平静下来;queue
up
排队;pull
up
停车。作者停下车,才能帮助其他人。故选D项。
8.考查名词词义辨析。window窗户;light光;wheel轮子;
floor地板。作者停下车,摇下车窗,才能问路人是否需要帮助。故选A项。
9.考查动词词义辨析。improve提高;buy买;borrow借;
accept接受。由ask
if
they
will可知,作者在看到路人需要帮助时,首先要问问路人是否愿意接受他的帮助。故选D项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。sadness悲伤;dishonesty不诚实;
disbelief不相信;anger生气。由stare
at
me可知,路人难以置信地盯着作者看,不相信自己会得到别人的帮助。故选C项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。mind思维;bag包;basket篮子;
reach波及范围。由第三段开头I
have
a
large
basket可知,作者篮子里的东西是要与别人分享的东西。故选C项。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:你们在户外穿着我给的衣服
感觉暖和,这让我高兴。wear穿;win赢得;ignore忽略;fold折叠。由
to
stay
warm
when
you
are
outside
可知,被帮助的人在户外穿着作者所提供的衣服使他们暖和了,这也让作者很高兴。故选A项。
13.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我还没有遇到有敌意的状况,也没有感觉到有什么危险,但是由于很多东西都是“喜庆”的颜色,我经常看到我帮助的人们走在大街上。account
for
解释;meet
with
遇到;escape
from
从……逃跑;keep
up
with跟上。故选B项。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:得知我的物品正被人使用和感激,我的心都暖和起来了。split分裂;sacrifice牺牲;force
强迫;warm使暖和。由stay
warm可知,作者的举动温暖了别人,也温暖了自己的心。故选D项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。examine检查;appreciate感激;
blame责备;guarantee保证。作者得知自己的物品正在被人使用和被感激,这温暖了作者的心,作者觉得自己做的事情很值得。故选B项。
第二节
答案：
is;
Thousands;
How;
to
blame;
were
brought;
worst;
rapidly;
Feeding;
If;
which
解析：①此处是一般性道理,谓语动词用一般现在时;动名词短语做主语,谓语动词通常用单数,故填is。
②thousands
of是习惯搭配,意为数千,许多。
③根据下文内容可知,此处意为这是如何发生,故填How。
④be
to
blame常用主动形式表示被动含义,意为该受到责备。
⑤主语goldfish是谓语动词动作的承受者,用被动语态;这里是描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填were
brought。
⑥该句句意为实际上,金鱼是世界上最糟糕的入侵物种之一,故填bad的最高级形式。
⑦空白处所填词用来修饰谓语动词,故填rapid的副词形式rapidly。
⑧此处是现在分词短语做状语,分词动作feed与逻辑主语they之间是主动关系。
⑨此处为if引导的条件状语从句。
⑩关系代词which指代先行词an
ecological
disaster,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中做主语。
第三部分
写作
第一节
Dear
Peter,
???
I
am
writing
to
offer
my
sincere
congratulations
to
you
on
your
winning
the
first
prize
in
the
Chinese
Chess
Network
Challenge.
???
"Everything
comes
to
him
who
waits."
For
these
years,
you've
shown
great
interest
in
Chinese
chess
and
kept
on
practicing
it
every
day.
Not
only
have
you
read
many
books
about
Chinese
chess
strategy,
but
also
you
have
competed
in
various
Chinese
chess
contests.
???
So
I'm
so
happy
that
you
become
champion
of
this
network
challenge.
At
last,
I
hope
to
play
Chinese
chess
with
you
so
that
we
can
make
progress
together.
Please
tell
me
when
you
have
time.
???
Congratulations
again.
Yours,
Li
Hua
第二节
Paragraph
1:
???
Again
I
wanted
to
tell
him
that
I
could
do
it
myself.
Before
I
could
utter
a
word,
the
bearded
fellow,
in
his
ill-fitting
clothes,
efficiently
placed
the
dirty
barrel
in
front
of
me
and
began
to
pour
in
my
carefully
cleaned
bottles.
As
he
started
to
fill
the
second
barrel,
he
said,
"You
can
go
ahead
of
me.
You
must
be
busy
and
I've
got
all
day."
Then
I
noticed
the
white-haired
man
turning
around
to
observe
us.
He
was
surprised
to
find
a
neat
woman
talking
with
such
a
fellow
in
a
warm
way.
Paragraph
2:
???
I
decided
to
reward
him
for
his
kindness.
The
only
problem
was
how
to
do
it
without
insulting
him.
Finally,
I
hit
on
a
plan.
"You're
right,"
I
said.
"You
could
help
me
out
by
turning
in
all
my
bottles."
He
looked
confused.
"How
will
you
get
your
money?"
"I
don't
really
need
it.
I
just
want
to
get
rid
of
the
bottles.
You'd
be
doing
me
a
favor
if
you
could
take
care
of
them
for
me."
His
shy
smile
broadened
to
a
wide
grin.
"Okay,
but
I
owe
you
one,"
he
said.
"No,
we're
even!"
The
bottles
he'd
brought
might
have
been
worth
two
or
three
dollars.
I
wondered
what
he
could
get
with
that:
maybe
a
burger
or
a
bag
of
biscuits.