人教版必修五Unit 2 The United Kingdom B卷 能力提升单元测试卷（word版含解析 无听力试题）

Unit
2
The
United
Kingdom
B卷
能力提升
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分
阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
1.Arbeia
Roman
Fort(城堡)
and
Museum
???
Location
and
History
???
Arbeia
Roman
Fort
is
situated
on
Hadrian's
Wall.
It
was
the
most
important
structure
built
by
the
Romans
in
Britain,
and
now
it
has
been
a
World
Heritage(遗产)
Site.
Built
around
AD
160,
Arbeia
Roman
Fort
was
the
military
supply
base
for
the
soldiers
who
were
stationed
along
Hadrian's
Wall.
The
fort
has
been
gradually
uncovered
and
some
original
parts
have
been
revealed.
There
are
reconstructions
that
show
how
Arbeia
Roman
Fort
would
have
looked.
???
The
Reconstruction
???
The
reconstruction
of
the
Commanding
Officer's
house
and
soldiers'
quarters
are
strikingly
different.
The
accommodation
for
soldiers
is
dark
and
uncomfortable,
while
the
Commanding
Officer's
house
is
spacious
and
luxurious,
with
courtyards
with
fountains
for
him
and
his
family
to
enjoy.
???
The
Museum
???
Visit
the
museum
and
see
many
objects
that
were
found
at
Arbeia.
They
are
historically
important
and
show
what
daily
life
was
really
like
at
that
time.
You
will
see
weapons,
tools,
jewellery,
and
so
on.
You
can
also
discover
how
the
Romans
buried
the
dead
and
see
tombstones(墓碑)
which
survive
to
this
day.
There
is
a
"hands-on"
area
allowing
visitors
to
dig
on
a
certain
site
and
study
their
findings
with
the
help
of
museum
staff.
You
can
piece
together
pottery(陶器),
or
try
writing
just
as
the
Romans
would
have
done.
For
children,
they
can
build
this
ancient
Roman
fort
with
building
blocks
by
themselves.
Opening
Times
and
How
to
Get
ThereApril
1—October
31:Monday
to
Saturday
10:00
am—5:00
pm,Sunday
2:00
pm—5:00
pm.November
1—March
31:Monday
to
Saturday
11:00
am—4:00
pm,
closed
on
Sunday.(Closed
on
December
25—26
and
January
1.)Entry
is
free.Arbeia
is
only
a
ten-minute
walk
from
the
bus
station
at
South
Shields.
Cars
can
be
parked
free.
1.According
to
the
passage,
Arbeia
Roman
Fort
______.
A.was
a
military
base
B.got
reconstructed
around
AD
160
C.was
built
in
a
small
area
in
Rome
D.provided
a
comfortable
life
for
soldiers
2.What
can
visitors
do
in
the
museum?
A.Try
using
weapons.
B.See
historical
objects.
C.Write
to
ancient
Romans.
D.Build
tombstones
for
the
dead.
3.What
time
does
the
museum
close?
A.On
April
1.
B.On
October
31.
C.On
November
1.
D.On
December
26.
2.???
With
the
young
unable
to
afford
to
leave
home
and
the
old
at
risk
of
isolation,
more
families
are
choosing
to
live
together.
???
The
doorway
to
peace
and
quiet,
for
Nick
Bright
at
least,
leads
straight
to
his
mother-in-law:
she
lives
on
the
ground
floor,
while
he
lives
upstairs
with
his
wife
and
their
two
daughters.
???
Four
years
ago
they
all
moved
into
a
three-storey
Victorian
house
in
Bristol—one
of
a
growing
number
of
multigenerational
families
in
the
UK
living
together
under
the
same
roof.
They
share
a
front
door
and
a
washing
machine,
but
Rita
Whitehead
has
her
own
kitchen,
bathroom,
bedroom
and
living
room
on
the
ground
floor.
???
"We
floated
the
idea
to
my
mum
of
sharing
a
house,"
says
Kathryn
Whitehead.
Rita
cuts
in
:"We
spoke
more
with
Nick
because
I
think
it's
a
big
thing
for
Nick
to
live
with
his
mother-in-law."
???
And
what
does
Nick
think?
"From
my
standpoint,
it
all
seems
to
work
very
well.
Would
I
recommend
it?
Yes,
I
think
I
would."
???
It's
hard
to
tell
exactly
how
many
people
agree
with
him,
but
research
indicates
that
the
numbers
have
been
rising
for
some
time.
Official
reports
suggest
that
the
number
of
households
with
three
generations
living
together
had
risen
from
325,000
in
2001
to
419,000
in
2013.
???
Other
varieties
of
multigenerational
family
are
more
common.
Some
people
live
with
their
elderly
parents;
many
more
adult
children
are
returning
to
the
family
home,
if
they
ever
left.
It
is
said
that
about
20%
of
25-34-year-olds
live
with
their
parents,
compared
with
16%
in
1991.?The
total
number
of
all
multigenerational
households
in
Britain
is
thought
to
be
about
1.8
million.
???
Stories
like
that
are
more
common
in
parts
of
the
world
where
multigenerational
living
is
more
firmly
rooted.
In
India,
particularly
outside
cities,
young
women
are
expected
to
move
in
with
their
husband's
family
when
they
get
married.
1.Who
mainly
uses
the
ground
floor
in
the
Victorian
house
in
Bristol?
A.Nick.
B.Rita.
C.Kathryn.
D.The
daughters.
2.What
is
Nick's
attitude
towards
sharing
the
house
with
his
mother-in-law?
A.Positive.
B.Carefree.
C.Tolerant.
D.Unwilling.
3.What
is
the
author's
statement
about
multigenerational
family
based
on?
A.Family
traditions.
B.Financial
reports.
C.Published
statistics.
D.Public
opinions.
4.What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.Lifestyles
in
different
countries.
B.Conflicts
between
generations.
C.A
housing
problem
in
Britain.
D.A
rising
trend
of
living
in
the
UK.
3.???
I
know
what
you're
thinking:
pizza
for
breakfast?
But
the
truth
is
that
you
can
have
last
night's
leftovers
in
the
morning
if
you
want
to.
???
I
know
lots
of
women
who
skip
breakfast,
and
they
have
a
ton
of
different
excuses
for
doing
it.
Some
say
they
don't
have
time,
others
think
they're
"saving"
calories
and
still
others
just
don't
like
breakfast
food.
???
But
the
bottom
line
is
that
eating
in
the
morning
is
very
important
when
you're
trying
to
lose
weight.
"Eating
just
about
anything
from
300
to
400
calories
would
be
better
than
nothing
at
all,"
says
Katherine
Brooking,
MS,
RD,
who
developed
the
super-easy
eating
plan
for
this
year's
"SELF
CHALLENGE".
And
even
pizza
can
be
healthy
if
it's
loaded
with
vegetables,
and
you
stick
to
one
small
piece.
???
Breakfast
is
one
meal
I
never
miss,
and
the
same
goes
for
most
weight
loss
success
stories.
Research
shows
that
eating
breakfast
keeps
you
from
overeating
later
in
the
day.
Researchers
at
the
University
of
Southern
California
found
that
breakfast
skippers
have
a
bigger
chance
of
gaining
weight
than
those
who
regularly
have
a
morning
meal.
???
So
eat
something
in
the
morning,
anything.
I
know
plenty
of
friends
who
end
up
having
no
breakfast
at
all,
and
have
just
coffee
or
orange
juice.
I
say,
try
heating
up
last
night's
leftovers
—
it
may
sound
crazy,
but
if
it
works
for
you,
do
it!
I
find
if
I
tell
myself,
"You
can
always
eat
it
tomorrow,"
I
will
put
away
the
leftovers
instead
of
eating
more
that
night.
Try
it
and
you
may
save
yourself
some
pre-bedtime
calories.
And
watch
your
body
gain
the
fat-burning
effects.
4.Make
Up
Your
Mind
to
Succeed
???
Kind-hearted
parents
have
unknowingly
left
their
children
defenseless
against
failure.
The
generation
born
between
1980
and
2001
grew
up
playing
sports
where
scores
and
performance
were
not
very
valued
because
"everyone's
a
winner".
And
their
report
cards
sounded
more
positive
than
ever
before.
As
a
result,
Stanford
University
professor
Carol
Dweck,
PhD,
calls
them
"the
overpraised
generation".
???
Dweck
has
been
studying
how
people
deal
with
failure
for
40
years.
Her
research
has
led
her
to
find
out
two
clearly
different
mindsets
that
have
a
great
effect
on
how
we
react
to
it.
Here's
how
they
work.
???
A
fixed
mindset
is
supported
by
the
belief
that
the
gift
is
genetic
—
you're
a
born
artist
or
mathematician.
The
fixed
mindset
believes
it's
sure
to
succeed
without
much
effort
and
regards
failure
as
personal
shame(羞耻).
When
things
get
difficult,
it's
quick
to
blame
others,
lie,
and
even
stay
away
from
future
difficulties.
???
On
the
other
hand,
a
growth
mindset
believes
that
no
talent
is
entirely
born
and
that
effort
and
learning
make
everything
possible.
Because
the
ego
(自我价值感)
isn't
the
most
important
thing,
the
growth
mindset
sees
failure
as
a
chance
rather
than
shame.
When
faced
with?a?difficulty,
they
are
quick
to
rethink,
change
and
try
again.
In
fact,
they
enjoy
this
experience.
???
We
are
all
born
with
growth
mindsets.
Otherwise,
we
wouldn't
be
able
to
live
in
the
world.
But
parents,
teachers,
and
instructors
often
push
us
into
the
fixed
mindset
by
encouraging
certain
actions
and
misdirected
praise.
Dweck's
book,
Mindset:
The
New
Psychology
of
Success,
and
online
instructional
program
explain
this
in
depth.
But
she
says
there
are
many
little
things
you
can
start
doing
today
to
make
sure
that
your
children,
grandchildren
and
even
you
are
never
defeated
by
failure.
1.What
does
the
author
think
about
the
generation
born
between
1980
and
2001
?
A.They
don't
do
well
at
school.
B.They
are
often
misunderstood.
C.They
are
eager
to
win
in
sports.
D.They
are
given
too
much
praise.
2.A
fixed
mindset
person
is
probably
the
one
who
________.
A.doesn't
want
to
work
hard
B.cares
a
lot
about
personal
safety
C.cannot
share
his
ideas
with
others
D.can
succeed
with
the
help
of
teachers
3.What
does
the
growth
mindset
believe?
A.Admitting
failure
is
shameful.
B.The
gift
comes
with
one's
birth.
C.Scores
should
be
highly
valued.
D.Getting
over
difficulties
is
enjoyable.
4.What
should
parents
do
for
their
children
based
on
Dweck's
study?
A.Encourage
them
to
learn
from
failure.
B.Prevent
them
from
making
mistakes.
C.Guide
them
through
the
difficulty.
D.Help
them
grow
with
praise.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
5.How
to
Train
Guide
Dogs
in
the
UK
???
Guide
dogs
are
a
big
help
to
blind
people.
A
guide
dog
helps
its
owner
cross
the
street
and
do
many
other
things.?①_____
In
the
United
Kingdom
it
is
organisations
such
as
Guide
Dogs
that
raise
and
train
animals
for
the
job.
Here's
what's
involved.
???
▲
Prepare
the
young
dog
for
its
training
in
its
first
year
by
socialising
it
and
exposing
it
to
a
variety
of
different
people,
places,
environments,
toys,
animals
and
transport.
②_____
Teach
it
simple
commands
such
as
"sit",
"come",
"wait"
and
"forward".
???
▲?Move
the
dog
to
a
training
centre
when
it
reaches
one
year
of
age.?③_____
The
course
will
develop
its
skills
as
a
guide
dog.
It
will
be
taught
to
lead
a
person
while
responding
to
the
environment
such
as
stooping(俯身)
to
check
for
cars
before
crossing
the
road.
The
dog
will
be
tested
by
staff
members
who
wear
something
to
cover
their
eyes
pretending
to
be
blind.
???
▲?④_____
The
advanced
level
training
involves
a
process.
The
dog
now
guides
the
blind
person
around
busy
areas
under
the
supervision(监督)of
the
instructor
until
they
are
satisfied
that
the
dog
is
ready
to
be
a
guide
dog
for
the
blind.
????⑤_____
Then
they
will
work
as
a
team.
A.?If
the
dog
has
done
well
at
school,
it
is
ready
to
meet
its
blind
owner.
B.?Guide
dogs
are
assistance
dogs
trained
to
lead
blind
people
around.
C.?It
includes
match-making,
hard
training,
and
lifetime
support.
D.?Begin
training
when
the
young
dog
reaches
six
weeks
old.
E.?Here
it
will
receive
a
course
of
reward-based
training.
F.?Move
the
dog
on
to
the
final
stage
of
training.
G.?But
it
is
not
easy
to
become
a
guide
dog.
第二部分
语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
6.阅读下面短文,从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
???
There
are
unintentional
lessons
we
teach
as
a
parent.
My
mother????
1???
?taught
me
to
be
a
writer.
It
happened
the
day
when
I
found
her
black
binder
(活页夹).
It
contained
a
story
she
was
writing,?????2
??,
steadily,
right
under
our
noses.
This
was
a
discovery
giving
me?????3?
??
to
start.
???
I
placed
my
fingers
on
her
typewriter
when
she
wasn't
looking.
She
stopped
writing
sometimes,
but
I
stayed
with?????4
???.
My
first
book,
A
Teacher
Named
Faith,
was?????5
???
by
Cairn
Publishing
House.
???
When
I
became
a
mother,
alongside?????6
???
my
baby,
I
stuck
to
words.
Following
a
childhood
dream
while
raising
children
is?????7
???,
so
I
didn't
talk
about
it
with
others.
When
my
kids
started
school,
I
started
writing
a
column
for
a
newspaper.
At
first
my
articles
irregularly
appeared
in
it.
But
gradually
my?????8
???
column
became
a
Sunday
column.
I
gained
publishing
credits
in
magazines.
I
had?????9
???
a
few
plays
and
was
working
on
a
book.
???
My
oldest
daughter
loved
music
the
???
10
???
I
loved
writing.
I
strongly
???
11
???
it
because
I
really
understood
how
underappreciated
arts
were
and
thus
argument
arose.
One
day
when
I
got
home,
I
found
a
note
from
my
daughter
???
12
???
on
my
desk.
???
She
explained
my
book
had
taught
her
not
to
give
up
her
passions.
It
proved
that
she
could
make
a
career
in
music
even
if
she
wasn't
a
pop
star
at
the
end
of
college
because
her
mom
was
42
and
still
making
her
???
13
???
come
true.
"Your
experience
is
???
14
???
on
me,"
She
wrote
at
the
end
of
the
note.
I
didn't
???
15
???
to
teach
that
lesson.
I
didn't
know
she
was
paying
attention.
One
day,
my
daughter
will
be
the
one
teaching
the
unintentional
lessons.
The
possibility
makes
me
smile.
1.A.thoughtfully????
B.tentatively????
C.accidentally????
D.mistakenly
2.A.privately????
B.separately????
C.closely????
D.physically
3.A.courage????
B.allowance????
C.certificate????
D.qualification
4.A.supplies????
B.words????
C.silence????
D.appreciation
5.A.delayed????
B.commented????
C.published????
D.delivered
6.A.addressing????
B.assessing????
C.lecturing????
D.nursing
7.A.privileged????
B.fortunate????
C.awkward????
D.convincing
8.A.special????
B.frequent????
C.routine????
D.occasional
9.A.typed????
B.developed????
C.produced????
D.adapted
10.A.moment????
B.example????
C.type????
D.way
11.A.stuck
to???
B.objected
to????
C.built
on????
D.took
on
12.A.lying????
B.falling????
C.signing????
D.spreading
13.A.chances????
B.dreams????
C.difference????
D.fortune
14.A.negative????
B.exceptional????
C.enthusiastic????
D.influential
15.A.hope????
B.mean????
C.preserve????
D.continue
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
7.???
A
team
of
biologists
studied
rain
frogs
in
the
forests
of
northern
Ecuador.
While
doing
so,
they
made
a
surprising
①_____(discover):
a
Mindo
harlequin
toad(明多斑足蟾).
It
was
30
years
since
the
creature
②_____(see)
alive.
The
scientists
couldn't
believe
their
eyes.
???
The
Mindo
harlequin
toad
is
the
latest
harlequin
toad
species
to
come
back
from
the
dead.
Since
2003,
eight
others
have
been
found,
three
of
them
in
Ecuador.
Until
③_____(recent),
13
of
the
25
species
of
harlequin
toads
in
Ecuador
have
gone
unseen
since
the
1980s
or
early
1990s.
Scientists
thought
most
of
them
had
been
wiped
out
by
a
disease
④_____(call)
chytrid,
which
is
especially?⑤_____(harm)
to
the
harlequin
toad.
The
Mindo
harlequin
toad
may
have
developed
their
resistance(抵抗力)
to
the
disease,?⑥_____
would
explain
their
reappearance.
And
it
could
spell
good
news
for
other
harlequin
toads.
Since
discovering
the
first
one,
the
team
have
found
five
⑦_____(many)
Mindo
harlequin
toads.
They
were
all
tested
for
the
disease
and
none
of
them
had
it.
But
that
doesn't
mean
the
survival
of
the
species
is
guaranteed.
The
harlequin
toad
is
still
endangered.
???
Biologists
are
developing
a
conservation
plan
together?⑧_____
a
zoology
museum
in
Ecuador.
They
want
to
make
sure
the
Mindo
harlequin
toad
doesn't
fall
back
into
extinction.
Each
reappearance
gives
us?⑨_____
second
chance
to
develop
better
conservation
ways.
Not
every
day
do
we
have
the
opportunity
⑩_____(save)
a
species
that
we
believed
to
be
extinct.
第三部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节
（满分15分）
8.假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中
国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括:
???
1.?到达时间;
???
2.?合适的礼物;
???
3.?餐桌礼仪。
注意:
???
1.?词数80左右;
???
2.?可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
（满分25分）
9.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
???
All
I
feel
is
the
sensation
of
blood
pumping
under
my
skin,
delivering
the
much
needed
oxygen
to
my
burning
muscles.
All
I
hear
is
my
heart,
as
if
it
were
located
at
my
temples
and
not
in
my
chest,
where
my
lungs
are
working
furiously,
sucking
air
in
and
pushing
it
out
in
great,
loud
gusts.
My
feet
hit
hard
against
the
rough
ground
beneath
me,
propelling
me
forward.
My
eyes
are
open
but
I
do
not
take
in
the
scenery
around
me.
There
are
just
colors
whizzing
by,
greens
blend
with
browns,
fall
colors,
yellow,
orange,
and
scarlet
red.
???
I
am
flying.
These
sensations
are
not
possible
any
other
way.
I
have
to
fly.
I
have
to
fly
to
feel
this.
I
look
back
over
my
shoulder,
my
hair
which
had
long
ago
fallen
out
of
its
messy
bun
whips
against
my
flushed
cheeks.
I
see
no
person
behind
me.
I
beg
myself
not
to
slow
down
because
of
this.
There
is
a
comer
up
ahead
and
I
round
it
with
speed
comparable
to
a
car
being
driven
by
a
reckless
yet
skilled
teenager.
???
Just
as
I
suspect
there
is
someone
in
front
of
me,
I
breathe
in
deeply
and
pump
my
legs
faster.
It's
been
a
while
since
we
all
first
bolt
off
from
the
starting
line
and
I
know
the
finish
cannot
be
far.
I
can't
give
up
now.
And
the
nameless
girl
in
front
of
me
is
the
only
one
in
my
way.
???
The
sound
of
cheering
comes
to
my
attention.
Suddenly,
I
am
no
longer
on
a
path
in
the
woods.
It
is
the
nameless
girl
and
me
in
a
field.
I
see
the
finish
line.
Everyone
lines
up
cheering
us
on.
???
"Come
on,
girls!"
"You
can
do
it!"
"You're
almost
there!"
???
Yes,
I
have
almost
done
it.
???
The
voices
of
the
crowd
help
me
to
gather
up
the
rest
of
my
strength
and
burst
forward.
My
lungs
are
pumping
so
hard
and
my
blood
is
flowing
so
fast
that
I
don't
even
feel
my
body
any
more.
It
is
as
though
I
have
exploded.
And
nothing
even
matters
any
more
except
for
passing
this
girl
and
beating
her.
For
then
I
will
have
won.
???
I
have
worked
so
hard
for
this,
weeks
and
weeks
of
training
and
support
from
my
team
and
family.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
???
I
lost
in
the
running,
panting
and
collapsing
on
the
grassy
land.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3
ABD
解析：
1.细节理解题。根据Location
and
History部分中的Built
around?AD
160,
Arbeia
Roman
Fort
was
the
military
supply
base
for
the
soldiers
who
were
stationed
along
Hadrian's
Wall.可知,
阿尔比亚罗马城堡曾是一个军事基地,
故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据The
Museum部分中的Visit
the
museum
and
see
many
objects
that
were
found
at
Arbeia.
They
are
historically
important
and
show
what
daily
life
was
really
like
at
that
time.
You
will
see
weapons,
tools,
jewellery,
and
so
on.可知,
游客们在这个博物馆可以看见许多历史物品,
故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文本框中的信息Monday
to
Saturday
11:00
am—4:00
pm,
closed
on
Sunday.(Closed
on
December
25—26
and
January
1.)可知,
在12月26日该博物馆会闭馆,
故选D项。
2.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第三段"Four
years
ago
they
all
moved
into
a
three-storey
Victorian
house
in
Bristol...
but
Rita
Whitehead
has
her
own
kitchen,
bathroom,
bedroom
and
living
room
on
the
ground
floor"可知,在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里,Rita住在一楼,故选B。
2.考查观点态度。根据第五段中的"From
my
standpoin,
it
all
seems
to
work
very
well.
Would
I
recommend
it?
Yes,
I
think
I
would"可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度,故选A。carefree"不负责任的";tolerant"宽容的";unwilling"不情愿的"。
3.考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Official
reports
suggest
that
the
number
of
households
with
three
generations
living
together
had
risen
from
325,000
in
2001
to
419,000
in
2013"和第七段中的"It
is
said
that
about
20%
of
25-34-year-olds...
about
1.8
million"可知,作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况,故C项"公布的数据"正确。
4.考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句"With
the
young
unable
to
afford
to
leave
home
and
the
old
at
risk
of
isolation,
more
families
are
choosing
to
live
together"可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升,故选D。
3.答案：1-4.BBAC
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第一段的内容和最后一段中的"try
heating
up
last
night's
leftovers"可知,B项与leftovers的意思最相近。
2.考查推理判断。A项中的"have
breakfast
in
a
hurry"与文章第二段中的skip
breakfast(不吃早餐)意思相反,因此排除A项;C、D项未提及;作者在文中介绍了一些对于早餐的错误观点,故选B项。
3.考查段落大意。综合最后一段内容可知,其第一句话为该段主旨句,故选A项。
4.考查主旨大意。根据文章第三、第四段的首句和文章末句的内容可得出本文针对的对象,即这篇文章主要是写给想减肥的人看的,故选C项。
4.答案：1-4.DADA
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句"As
a
result,
Stanford
University
professor
Carol
Dweck,
PhD,
calls
them
'the
overpraised
generation'"可知,出生于1980年与2001年之间的这一代人被认为是被过度表扬的一代,故D正确。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The
fixed
mindset
believes
it's
sure
to
succeed
without
much
effort"可知,他们认为不努力也能成功,故A正确。
3.考查推理判断。根据文章第四段中的"the
growth
mindset
sees
failure
as
a
chance
rather
than
shame.
When
faced
with
a
difficulty,
they
are
quick
to
rethink,
change
and
try
again.
In
fact,
they
enjoy
this
experience"可知,成长型思维把失败看成是一个机会而不是耻辱。当面对困难时,他们会很快重新思考、改变和重试。事实上,他们享受这种体验。所以有成长型思维的人认为克服困难是令人愉快的。故D正确。
4.考查推理判断。根据文章内容可推知,根据Dweck的研究,父母应该鼓励孩子从失败中学习,形成成长型思维。故A正确。
5.答案：GDEFA
解析：①根据A
guide
dog
helps
its
owner
cross
the
street
and
do
many
other
things.可知,
导盲犬能帮助主人过马路和做其他很多事情,
G项"但是成为导盲犬并不容易"承接上文,
且引出下文对如何驯犬的介绍,
符合语境。
②本段主要讲使狗从小接受训练。上文中的关键信息in
its
first
year与D项中的six
weeks
old呼应。由空后一句中的Teach
it
simple
commands也可推知选D项。
③下文The
course
will
develop
its
skills
as
a
guide
dog.中的The
course与E项中的a
course呼应,
表示狗到一岁时应该被送到训练中心去接受以奖励为基础的培训。故选E项。
④根据设空处后面内容可知,
本段介绍了最后的训练阶段是让狗在指导者的监督下为盲人导航。所以F项"让狗进入最后训练阶段"符合语境。
⑤本段是总结段,
根据下文Then
they
will
work
as
a
team.可知,
如果一只狗在学校里表现得很好,
它就准备好为自己的主人服务了,
空后的they指代A项中的the
dog和its
blind
owner。故选A项。
6.答案：1-5.CAABC;
6-10.DCDCD;
11-15.BABDB
解析：1.结合上句"There
are
unintentional
lessons
we
teach
as
a
parent."可知,作者成为一名作家是妈妈偶然间(accidentally)产生的影响。thoughtfully若有所思地;tentatively暂时性地;mistakenly错误地。
2.结合下句中"discovery"可推出,妈妈写小说这件事没有让别人知道,是私下(privately)悄悄进行的。separately分别地;closely严密地;physically身体上地。
3.句意:这个发现给了我创作的勇气。结合语境可知,作者发现了妈妈写作的秘密,这个事情给了作者勇气(courage),让她也开始偷偷进行创作。allowance津贴;certificate证书;qualification资格,学历。
4.结合下文"My
first
book,
A
Teacher
Named
Faith,
was
________
by
Cairn
Publishing
House."可知,作者一直坚持写作,出版了书籍,而此处words代指所写的文字。supply供应量,供给量;silence沉默;appreciation感激。
5.句意:我的第一本书A
Teacher
Named
Faith在凯恩出版社出版。结合上文作者一直坚持写作及"Cairn
Publishing
House"可推知,作者的书被出版社出版了(publish)。delay拖延,延迟;comment表达意见;deliver传递,交付。
6.根据while
raising
children可知,作者当了妈妈之后要照顾(nurse)孩子。address演说,演讲;assess评估;lecture讲授,讲课。
7.结合上文可知,作者从未对任何人提及写作这件事,由此可推出她认为这件事比较尴尬(awkward)。privileged有特权的;fortunate幸运的;convincing令人信服的。
8.结合前文"At
first
my
articles
irregularly
appeared
in
it."推知,起初,作者只是偶尔投稿,但是渐渐地,变成了周日固定为专栏撰稿。special特别的;frequent经常的;routine常规的;occasional偶尔的。
9.该句的plays译为“戏剧,剧本”,结合语意可知作者在专栏撰稿的同时,还创作了(produce)几个剧本。type打字;develop培养,发展;adapt使适应。
10.作者的大女儿喜欢音乐就像作者喜欢写作一样,此处the
way指代一种方式,在这里引导状语从句。moment时刻;example样本,例子;type类型。
11.结合下文"underappreciated
arts"和"thus
argument
arose",可知作者对女儿的选择坚决反对(object
to),stick
to坚持;build
on以……基础;take
on呈现。
12.结合本句中note和on
the
desk推知,纸条是放(lie)在桌子上的。fall掉落;sign签名;spread传播。
13.结合语境可知,作者一直坚持写作,因为写作是她的梦想(dream),chance机会;difference不同;fortune运气。
14.结合上文可知,作者的大女儿喜欢音乐就像作者喜欢写作一样,由此推知作者的经历在影响着女儿。be
influential
on"对……影响"。negative否定的;exceptional杰出的;enthusiastic热情的,热心的。
15.根据"I
didn't
know
she
was
paying
attention."可知,作者并不打算教她那样的知识。此处mean表示"打算",mean
to
do
sth意为"打算做某事"。hope希望;preserve保护;continue继续。
7.答案：①discovery
②had
been
seen
③recently
④called
⑤harmful
⑥which
⑦more
⑧with
⑨a
⑩to
save
解析：
①根据设空前的不定冠词a和形容词surprising可知,
此处应填可数名词单数,
故填discovery。
②句意为:
距离上次见到活着的这种生物已过去30年了,
科学家们简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。分析句子结构可知,
该空为since引导的时间状语从句的谓语,
结合语境可知,
"看见"这一动作发生在"It
was
30
years"之前,
即过去的过去,
应用过去完成时,
动词see和从句主语the
creature是被动关系,
应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had
been
seen。
③此处作时间状语,
应用副词。故填recently。
④a
disease为介词by的宾语,
此处起修饰作用,
即非谓语动词作后置定语,
动词call和a
disease之间为逻辑上的被动关系,
应用过去分词。故填called。
⑤is后用形容词作表语,
副词especially在此处起修饰作用,
be
harmful
to意为"对......有害",
符合语境。故填harmful。
⑥由逗号前后两个句子之间无连词可知,
逗号后为非限制性定语从句,
先行词是前面整个句子,
且关系词在从句中充当主语,
应用关系代词which。故填which。
⑦句意为:
自从发现了第一只,
研究小组又发现了另外五只。根据语境"另外的"可知,
此处应填形容词more,
用于数量词之后,
意为"另外的;
更多的"。故填more。
⑧句意为:
生物学家正在和厄瓜多尔的一家动物学博物馆一起制订一项保护计划。together
with为固定搭配,
意为"和......一起"。故填with。
⑨句意为:
每次(生物)再现都给了我们又一次研发更好的保护方式的机会。此处表示"又一;
再一",
应在序数词second前加不定冠词a。故填a。
⑩opportunity
to
do
sth为固定搭配,
意为"做某事的机会",
故填to
save。
8.答案：
Dear
Terry,
???
I
am
delighted
when
receiving
your
letter
asking
what
customs
you
should
pay
attention
to
when
visiting
a
Chinese
friend.
Here
are
some
tips
for
you.
First
of
all,
bear
in
mind
that
you
had
better
arrive
punctually
or
some
time
earlier
than
the
appointed
time,
which
is
of
great
significance
to
show
your
politeness.
Additionally,
to
be
respectful,
you
might
as
well
bring
an
appropriate
gift,
like
some
fruit.
Most
importantly,
it's
vital
that
you
should
mind
your
table
manners.
For
instance,
never
speak
with
your
mouth
full
of
food,
which
may
be
similar
to
the
custom
of
your
own
culture.
In
brief,
do
as
the
Chinese
do
when
in
China.
I
do
hope
you
will
have
great
fun
at
your
friend's
home.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
9.答案：
???
I
have
worked
so
hard
for
this,
weeks
and
weeks
of
training
and
support
from
my
team
and
family.
I
am
not
about
to
let
them
down
now.
I
ran
close
to
the
girl
in
front
of
me.
The
finish
line
was
so
close,
as
if
we
could
pass
it
in
a
step.
But
the
girl
faltered
and
fell
down
on
the
field
unexpectedly,
which
caused
the
crowd
to
be
surprised.
"Oh,
my
God."
I
stopped,
a
little
hesitantly,
but
I
helped
her
get
up.
Then
several
runners
rushed
to
the
finish
line.
???
I
lost
in
the
running,
panting
and
collapsing
on
the
grassy
land.
"Good
job,
you
did
great."
My
coach
came
up
and
patted
me
on
my
shoulder.
Then
my
team
surrounded
me,
telling
me
what
a
good
job
I
did
and
soon
my
parents
came
alone.
My
mother
gave
me
a
hug
and
my
eyes
were
wet.
So
what
does
it
really
matter
what
place
I
came
in?
It
doesn't.