人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists A卷 基础夯实单元测试卷（word版含解析 无听力试题）

Unit
1
Great
scientists
A卷
基础夯实
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分
阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
1.Summer
Camp
Jobs
???
Looking
to
have
the
best
summer
experience
ever?
Our
camps
employ
staff(员工)
for
a
number
of
roles,
including
camp
counsellors(顾问),?sports
specialists,
and
arts,
theatre
and
outdoor
adventure
specialists.
It
would
be
better
if
you
have
any
experience
in
working
with
children!
JCUSA(Jewish
Camps
USA)
will
work
with
you
to
find
the
most
suitable
role
and
camp
for
you.
???
What
you
are
going
to
do
???
This
is
a
job
like
no
other;
we
personally
get
to
know
you
and
our
most
important
thing
is
to
make
sure
that
you
go
to
a
camp
that
suits
you
best.
???
★?The
right
overnight
camp:
You
can
select
this
kind
of
camp
to
have
a
start.
Don't
worry.
You
will
feel
comfortable
and
right
at
home.
???
★?The
correct
role:
At
camps
there
are
many
different
roles
and
we
will
decide
together
from
your
application
and
interview
what
will
suit
you
best.
We
will
look
into
your
previous
experiences
and
focus
on
what
you
need
for
your
future
to
give
you
the
chance
to
do
something
you
love
every
day.
???
★?Ready
for
camping:
You
will
have
specific
training
for
your
role
at
the
camp
so
you
will
be
fully
prepared
for
your
job.
You
will
be
part
of
a
group
to
go
to
camp
and
will
know
everyone
before
going.
???
What
we
offer
???
★?You
will
get
paid
in
your
first
year
between
$1,650
and
$2,400.
The
salary
is
based
upon
the
completion
of
your
camp
task.
???
★?You
will
get
a
chance
to
go
with
a
group
of
JCUSA
staff
and
meet
them
before
you
arrive
at
your
own
camp.
???
★?You
will
travel
around
the
USA
for
up
to
60
days!
???
What
we
ask
???
★?You
need
to
finish
high
school
and
must
be
18
by
2021.
???
★?You
are
energetic,
outgoing
and
looking
for
a
cultural
summer
experience.
???
★?You
do
not
need
to
be
Jewish
to
apply
to
work
at
a
Jewish
summer
camp.
1.Which
of
the
following
is
an
advantage
for
an
applicant
to
get
the
job?
A.Having
a
night
job.
B.Working
with
kids.
C.Studying
abroad.
D.Being
a
gardener.
2.What
will
the
new
staff
get?
A.A
new
specific
training
card.
B.A
salary
of
more
than
$2,400
a
month.
C.A
chance
to
travel
around
the
world
for
60
days.
D.A
chance
to
work
with
a
group
of
JCUSA
staff.
3.Which
is
unnecessary
for
the
new
staff?
A.They
must
be
18
or
older
by
2021.
B.They
should
graduate
from
high
school.
C.They
need
to
be
Jewish
for
a
Jewish
summer
ramp.
D.They
should
be
outgoing
and
willing
to
camp.
2.???
Wind
turbines(风力发电涡轮机)
and
solar
panels
that
generate
electricity
are
examples
of
"green"
technology.
A
new
study
finds
that
such
renewable
energy
might
be
green
in
another
sense.
Large
collections
of
those
turbines
or
solar
panels
appear
capable
of
bringing
rain
to
the
desert
and
would
allow
more
plants
to
grow.
???
Building
large
wind
or
solar
farms
just
for
study
was
not
a
good
option.
It
would
be
too
costly.
So
experts
Kalnay
and
Safa
developed
a
model
of
North
Africa's
Sahara
Desert
to
find
out
how
wind
turbines
and
solar
farms
might
alter
the
desert's
climate.
???
The
team
ran
its
model
several
times.
In
one
run,
it
assumed
that
people
would
set
up
only
wind
farms.
Another
run
assumed
people
would
install
just
solar
farms.
The
third
run
assumed
people
would
build
both.
They
would
affect
the
desert's
weather
with
temperature
and
average
daily
rain
increasing—but
differently.
Installing
a
mix
of
solar
farms
and
wind
turbines
brought
about
a
bigger
change—not
in
temperature
but
in
rainfall.
In
the
Sahara,
having
both
wind
and
solar
farms
more
than
doubled
the
amount
of
rain,
up
to
215.4
millimetres
per
day.
???
The
model
predicted
that
the
average
rainfall
would
increase
over
time,
as
more
plants
grew.
Plants
move
water
from
the
ground
to
the
air.
Warmer
air
can
carry
more
water.
So
as
this
air
rises,
it
can
ferry
more
water
up
to
become
clouds.
Those
clouds
can
release
rain,
relieving
the
thirst
of
plants
below.
Over
time,
this
process
repeats
itself
over
and
over.
This
positive
feedback
can
greatly
boost
rain.
???
Such
rainfall
changes
could
lead
to
better
agriculture,
says
Safa.
"More
rain
would
also
help
wild
plants
grow.
We
believe
that
the
countries
in
the
Sahara
should
seriously
consider
investing
in
wind
and
solar
power,"
he
added.
1.What
does
the
new
research
find?
A.The
desert
will
be
suitable
for
fanning.
B.It
costs
much
to
get
the
desert
farming.
C.Renewable
energy
can
green
a
desert.
D.Clean
energy
helps
plants
better.
2.What
discouraged
experts
from
building
energy
farms?
A.High
construction
expense.
B.A
lack
of
suitable
test
sites.
C.A
shortage
of
manpower.
D.Terrible
climate.
3.What
was
the
advantage
of
the
third
run?
A.Saving
more
energy
with
less
expense.
B.Doubling
global
rainfall
per
year.
C.Raising
daily
rainfall
in
the
desert.
D.Decreasing
temperature
in
the
desert.
4.What
may
Safa
advise
the
countries
in
the
Sahara
to
do?
A.Build
more
farms
to
grow
crops.
B.Save
more
water
for
agriculture.
C.Invest
in
wind
and
solar
power.
D.Consider
moving
to
other
places.
3.???
Climate
change
leads
to
a
threat
to
the
world's
sandy
beaches,
and
as
many
as
half
of
them
could
disappear
by
2100,
a
new
study
has
found.
Even
by
2050
some
coastlines
could
be
unrecognizable
from
what
we
see
today,
with
10%
to
12%
facing
severe
erosion(侵蚀).
???
Using
updated
sea
level
rise
predictions,
the
researchers
analyzed
how
beaches
around
the
world
would
be
in
the
future
with
higher
seas
and
more
damaging
storms.
They
also
considered
natural
processes
like
wave
erosion,
as
well
as
human
factors
—
like
coastal
building
developments,
all
of
which
can
affect
a
beach’s
health.
The
study
found
that
the
sea
level
rise
is
expected
to
outweigh
these
other
factors,
and
that
the
more
heat-trapping
gases
humans
put
into
the
atmosphere,
the
worse
the
influences
on
the
world’s
beaches
are
likely
to
be.
???
It's?hard?to
overstate?just?how
important?the
world's
beaches
are.
They
cover
more
than
one
third
of
the
world's
coastlines,
and
protect
coastal
areas
from
storms.?Beaches
are
also
the
important
economic
engine,
supporting
relaxation,
tourism
and
other
activities.
And
in
some
areas,
the
beach
is
more
than
a
vacation
destination.
In
places
like
Australia,
life
near
the
coast
revolves
around
(以……为中心)
the
beach
for
much
of
the
year.
???
Some
of
the
world's
most
popular
beaches
are
already
taking
action.
Places
like
Miami
Beach
are
trucking
in
thousands
of
tons
of
sand
to
patch
up(修补)
the
badly
eroded
shoreline,
while
others
have
built
sea
walls
and
breakwaters
in
an
attempt
to
hold
precious
sand
in
place.
But
the
financial
and
environmental
costs
of
these
projects
are
huge,
and
scientists
say
rising
seas
and
more
powerful
storms,
supercharged
by
a
warmer
climate,
will
make
this
a
losing
battle.
???
However,
the
researchers
did
find
that
humans
have
some
control
over
what
happens
to
the
world's
beaches.
If
the
world's
governments
are
able
to
stick
to?modest
cuts
in
heat-trapping
gas
pollution,
the
researchers
found
that
a
lot
of
projected
beach
losses
by
2050
could
be
prevented.
1.Which
may
be
the
biggest
contributor
to
severe
beach
erosion?
A.Damaging
storms.
B.Wave
erosion.
C.Coastal
buildings.
D.The
sea
level
rise.
2.What
can
we
infer
from
Paragraph
3?
A.It
is
hard
to
protect
coastal
beaches.
B.One
third
of
storms
break
near
beaches.
C.Beaches
are
of
great
significance
to
human
life.
D.Most
Australians
live
on
beach
tourism.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
"this"
refer
to
in
Paragraph
4?
A.Popularizing
the
beaches.
B.Holding
sand
in
place.
C.Reducing
the
projects'
costs.
D.Stopping
global
warming.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Half
beaches
could
disappear
by
2100
B.Climate
change
is
doing
harm
to
human
life
C.The
beach
is
more
than
a
vacation
destination
D.Governments
are
taking
action
to
fight
wave
erosion
4.???
Donna
Strickland
is
a
professor
in
the
Department
of
Physics
and
Astronomy.
Professor
Strickland
is
one
of
the
recipients
(接受者)
of
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
2018
with
Gérard
Mourou,
her
PhD
teacher
at
the
time.
They
published
this
Nobel-winning
research
in
1985
when
Strickland
was
a
PhD
student
at
the
University
of
Rochester
in
New
York
state.
Together
they
paved
the
way
toward
the
most
intense
laser
pulses
ever
created.
???
Professor
Donna
Strickland
is
only
the
third
woman
ever
to
have
won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics.
She
and
her
fellow
winners
were
honored
for
what
the
Nobel
Committee
called
groundbreaking
inventions
in
laser
physics.
Professor
Strickland
found
a
way
to
use
lasers
as
very
precise
drilling
or
cutting
tools.
Millions
of
eye
operations
are
performed
every
year
with
these
sharpest
laser
beams.
???
"How
surprising
do
you
think
it
is
that
you're
the
third
woman
to
win
this
prize?"
???
"Well,
that
is
surprising,
isn't
it?
I
think
that's
the
story
of
Maria
that
people
want
to
talk
about
—
that
why
should
it
take
60
years?
There
are
so
many
women
out
there
doing
fantastic
research,
so
why
does
it
take
so
long
to
get
recognized?"
???
Physics
still
has
one
of
the
largest
gender
(性别)
gaps
in
science.
One
recent
study
concluded
that
at
the
current
rate
it
would
be
more
than
two
centuries
until
there
were
equal
numbers
of
senior
male
and
female
researchers
in
the
field.
???
The
last
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
was
German-born
Maria
Goeppert
Mayer
for
her
discoveries
about
the
nuclei
of
atoms.
Before
that
it
was
Marie
Curie,
who
shared
the
1903
prize
with
her
husband,
Pierre.
This
year's
winners
hope
that
breaking
this
half
century
hiatus
(间断)
will
mean
the
focus
in
the
future
will
be
on
the
research,
rather
than
the
gender
of
the
researcher.
1.Which
of
the
following
best
explains
the
underlined
word
"groundbreaking"
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Active.
B.Amazing.
C.Creative.
D.Interesting.
2.What
do
we
know
about
Professor
Strickland's
achievement?
A.She
created
the
most
intense
laser
pulses
by
herself.
B.She
supported
equality
between
man
and
women.
C.She
discovered
the
nuclei
of
atoms
with
her
husband.
D.She
invented
a
way
of
using
lasers
as
cutting
tools.
3.When
did
the
second
woman
winning
the
Nobel
Prize
in
Physics
win
the
honor?
A.In
1903.
B.In
1958.
C.In
1963.
D.In
1985.
4.What
can
be
inferred
from
the
statements
in
Paragraph
4?
A.Women's
achievements
in
physics
are
as
great
as
men's.
B.Women's
achievements
in
physics
are
more
and
more
fantastic.
C.Maria's
discoveries
resulted
from
her
long
time
research.
D.Gender
inequality
still
exists
in
the
field
of
science
research.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
5、?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
The
Sport
of
Kite
Surfing
????????Who
would
have
thought
to
put
a
kite
and
a
surfboard
together?
It
may
seem
like
an
impractical
idea,
but
a
man
named
Cory
Roeseler
from
Oregon
believed
that
it
would
work,
and
introduced
the
idea
in
the
1980s.????????
①
Over
the
nextfew
years,
other
designers
contributed
to
the
style
and
shape
of
the
board,
resulting
in
a
mixture
of
flying
kites
and
going
surfing,
which
is
what
kite
surfing
is
today.
???????②?
?The
power
kite
pulls
a
small
board
that
is
fastened
to
the
surfer’s
feet,,,and
there
is
a
harness
(保护带)that
goes
around
the
surfer’s
waist
to
make
sure
that
the
surfer
stays
connected
to
the
board.
The
wind
determines
which
direction
will
be
easiest
for
the
surfer
to
go
in.③
With
the
combination
of
the
wind
and
the
ocean,
some
kite
surfers
can
go
at
top
speeds
while
flying
over
20
feet
in
the
air.
????????This
sport
can
sometimes
be
potentially
dangerous
to
other
kite
surfers,
beachgoers,
and
the
kite
surfers
themselves
if
they
don’t
know
how
the
proper
procedure
is
done.④
They
can
learn
the
techniques
safely
without
putting
themselves
and
others
in
danger.
A
good
course
should
include
basic
operations,
kite
setup,
maintenance
(维护)of
equipment,
weather
planning,
and
emergency
landings.
These
courses
are
available
in
almost
all
areas
where
kite
surfing
is
popular.
???????⑤?
Some
popular
destinations
for
kite
surfing
enthusiasts
are
South
America,
Europe,
Asia,
Africa
and
Australia,
but
wherever
there
is
wind,
there
will
be
kite
surfers.
You
might
even
be
able
to
see
kite
surfers
on
the
beach.
A.
Kite
surfing
has
become
a
mainstream
sport.
B.
Kite
surfing
is
a
difficult
and
dangerous
sport.
C.
The
way
it
works
is
an
application
of
simple
physics.
D.
The
first
design
was
with
waterskis
powered
by
a
kite.
E.
It
is
also
known
as
kite
boarding,
and
in
some
European
countries
as
fly
surfing.
F.
Therefore,
it
is
highly
recommended
that
people
who
want
to
participate
in
this
sport
attend
a
course.
G.
Once
the
kite
surfer
is
able
to
control
the
board
and
the
kite,
he
can
learn
many
tricks,
such
as
turning,
jumping
and
so
on.
第二部分
语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
6.???
Project
Art
is
an
arts
program
providing
free
arts
classes
to
children
at
public
libraries
in
major
US
cities.
???
?
1?
?to
the
arts
encourages
children's
self-worth,
helps
them
communicate
and
improves
their??
2?
?in
academic
areas.
Yet,
since
the
1980s,
access
to
arts
education
for
American
school
children
has
been
on
the
?
3?
.
???
ProjectArt,
founded
by
Adarsh
Alphons
in
Harlem
in
2011,
is??
4?
?to
New
Orleans
and
San
Francisco,
two
cities
with
many
homeless
young
people
and
giving
the
organization
a(n)??
5?
?in
a
total
of
eight
cities
across
the
US.
???
Its
executive
director,
Diana
Buckley
Muchmore??
6?
?with
ProjectArt
in
its
early
days,
and
one
experience
impressed
on
her
the??
7?
?that
art
can
make
on
a
child's
development.
?
8?
?her
friend
Alphons
in
teaching
in
a
Harlem
community
center,
Buckley
Muchmore
met
a
boy.
"He
was
very
quiet,
but
I??
9?
?with
him
through
a
sculpture
he
was
making??
10?
?wood,
and
he
slowly
started
to??
11?
?to
describe
his
work,"
she
remembers.
???
Since
then,
Buckley
Muchmore
has
watched
as
ProjectArt
has
embraced
a
model
of
partnering
with
the
country's
public
library
systems.
The
libraries
give
them??
12?
?space,
access
to
existing
communities
and
materials
to??
13?
?the
children's
creations.
???
In
the
meantime,
the
organization
is
working
to
serve
the
particular
needs
and
take??
14?
?of
the
resources
of
its
newest
cities.
The
organization
also
receives??
15?
?from
foundations
and
individuals.
1.
A.
Exposure????
B.
Entrance????
C.
Invitation????
D.
Addiction
2.
A.
popularity????
B.
expectation????
C.
performance????
D.
identity
3.
A.
decline????
B.
account????
C.
way????
D.
rise
4.
A.
moving????
B.
allocating????
C.
returning????
D.
expanding
5.
A.
evidence????
B.
guidance????
C.
presence????
D.
reference
6.
A.
separated????
B.
volunteered????
C.
toyed????
D.
conflicted
7.
A.
impact????
B.
remark????
C.
barrier????
D.
progress
8.
A.
Appealing????
B.
Including????
C.
Joining????
D.
Watching
9.
A.
dealt????
B.
connected????
C.
played????
D.
compared
10.
A.
in
between????
B.
up
to????
C.
out
of????
D.
away
from
11.
A.
hold
out????
B.
stand
up????
C.
figure
out????
D.
open
up
12.
A.
parking????
B.
green????
C.
living????
D.
free
13.
A.
respect????
B.
inspire????
C.
reward????
D.
challenge
14.
A.
charge????
B.
advantage????
C.
notice????
D.
control
15.
A.
invitations????
B.
appreciations????
C.
donations????
D.
congratulations
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
7.???
I
still
remember
my
time
①________(spend)
travelling
in
Paris,
a
city
②________
(know)
as
the
"Capital
of
the
Arts".
Almost
everything
there
left
me
a
strong
impression.
I
was
surprised
to
find
those
well
③________
(preserve)
old
buildings
such
as
the
Palace
of
Versailles
and
the
Louvre.
At
the
same
time,
as
the
capital
of
one
of
the
④________
(develop)
countries,
many
futuristic
buildings
with
⑤________
(advance)
high-tech
facilities
could
be
found
there.
I
felt
it
a
pity
to
have
my
trip
ended
so
soon.
第三部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节
（满分15分）
8.假如你是某国际学校的学生李华,为了丰富同学们的校园生活,给英语学习者提供相互交流的好机会,你校决定开办英语角。请你以学生会的名义写一则书面通知。内容包括:
???
1.?举行开幕式的时间及地点;
???
2.?英语角活动的内容;
???
3.?参与的人员。
注意:
???
1.词数80左右;
???
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
???
参考词汇:开幕式opening
ceremony
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
（满分25分）
9.阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
???
The
moon
was
hanging
low
in
the
South
Carolina
sky
as
Misha
finished
loading
her
truck.
Then
she
led
Gandalf
to
his
cage
in
the
back.
It
was
3
a.
m.
on
Tuesday
March
20.
Misha's
husband
Chuck
came
out
to
see
her
off.
"Don't
expect
to
go
up
there
and
find
that
lost
boy
in
the
woods,
because
it's
just
not
going
to
happen,"
Chuck
said.
As
a
retired
firefighter,
he
had
seen
more
incredible
things
than
a
kid
surviving
three
cold
nights
in
the
mountains,
but
he
didn't
want
his
wife
to
be
disappointed
in
herself
or
her
dog.
???
Three
days
earlier,
12-year-old
Michael
disappeared
suddenly
from
his
troop's
campsite
in
Dough
ton
Park.
A
massive
search
party
had
been
sent
out
to
find
the
boy
that
had
been
missing
in
the
woods
for
three
days,
but
there
was
barely
a
trace
of
the
boy.
They
were
about
to
lose
hope
when
one
dog
named
Gandalf,
stepped
in.
???
Misha
and
Gandalf,
her
two-year-old
dog,
had
trained
for
a
year
with
the
South
Carolina
Search
and
Rescue
Dog
Association.
But
this
was
their
first
real
job.
Doughton
Park
was
located
in
a
bowl
on
the
side
of
a
mountain.
It
was
covered
with
heavy
forest,
where
slippery
moss(苔藓)
and
waterfall
spray
threatened
one's
footing
and
thundering
streams
could
drown
out
a
child's
cry
for
help.
???
Misha
and
her
teammates
arrived
at
the
staging
area
around
7
a.
m.
on
Tuesday,
day
four.
The
wind
was
coming
toward
them
then
around
the
shoulder
of
a
cliff(悬崖).
Gandalf
was
about
30
yards
ahead,
working
on
the
bank
of
the
stream
where
it
turned
beneath
a
wall
of
rock.
Misha
saw
him
quickly
lift
his
head.
Was
that
the
sign
she’d
been
waiting
for?
Gandalf
ran
to
the
left,
which
was
out
of
sight
behind
the
cliff
face.
Misha
tried
to
climb
up
the
track
behind
him.
注意:
???
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
???
2.?至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
???
3.?续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
???
4.?续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph
1
:
???
All
of
a
sudden
came
the
bark
of
Gandalf._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2
:
???
As
it
turned
out,
Michael's
experience
was
tough._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3
BDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的It
would
be
better
if
you
have
any
experience
in
working
with
children!可知,
申请者能够得到这份工作的优势是有和孩子相处的工作经验,
故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题What
we
offer下的第二段中的You
will
get
a
chance
to
go
with
a
group
of
JCUSA
staff
and
meet
them
before
you
arrive
at
your
own
camp.可知,
新员工有机会与JCUSA的员工一起工作。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话You
do
not
need
to
be
Jewish
to
apply
to
work
at
a
Jewish
summer
camp.可知,
犹太夏令营的新员工不必是犹太人,
故选C项。
2.答案：1-4
CACC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的A
new
study
finds
that
such
renewable
energy
might
be
green
in
another
sense.
Large
collections
of
those
turbines
or
solar
panels
appear
capable
of
bringing
rain
to
the
desert
and
would
allow
more
plants
to
grow.可知,
研究发现这种可再生能源似乎能够给沙漠带来雨水,
并能让更多的植物生长。也就是说,
可再生能源可以绿化沙漠。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Building
large
wind
or
solar
farms
just
for
study
was
not
a
good
option.
It
would
be
too
costly.可知,
为了研究而建造能源农场不是一个好的选择,
因为要花很多钱。由此可知,
高昂的建筑费用使专家们不愿建造能源农场。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The
third
run
assumed
people
would
build
both.和Installing
a
mix
of
solar
farms
and
wind
turbines
brought
about
a
bigger
change—not
in
temperature
but
in
rainfall.
In
the
Sahara,
having
both
wind
and
solar
farms
more
than
doubled
the
amount
of
rain,
up
to
215.4
millimetres
per
day.可知,
在第三次实验中,
研究团队在模型中既建造了风力发电厂,
又建造了太阳能发电厂,
在这种情况下,
降雨量增加了一倍多,
达到每天215.4毫米。由此可知,
第三次实验的优势是增加了沙漠的日降雨量。故选C项。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中萨法的话More
rain
would
also
help
wild
plants
grow.
We
believe
that
the
countries
in
the
Sahara
should
seriously
consider
investing
in
wind
and
solar
power可知,
萨法建议撒哈拉沙漠地区的国家应认真考虑投资风能和太阳能,
因为更多的雨会有助于野生植物的生长。故选C项。
3.答案：1-4.DCBA
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The
study
found
that
the
sea
level
rise
is
expected
to
outweigh
these
other
factors"可知,有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀,其中海平面上升预计是导致沙滩严重侵蚀的最大因素。故选D。
2.考查推理判断。根据第三段内容可推知,本段通过具体事例主要强调了沙滩对人类生活非常重要。故选C。
3.考查代词指代。由第四段内容可知,另一些地方建造了海堤和防波堤,试图把珍贵的沙子固定住。但是这些项目的金融和环境成本巨大,科学家说因气候变暖的增压而上升的海洋和更强烈的风暴将会使得固定沙子成为一场失败的斗争。由此可知"this"指代的是"Holding
sand
in
place"。故选B。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Climate
change
leads
to
a
threat
to
the
world's
sandy
beaches,
and
as
many
as
half
of
them
could
disappear
by
2100,
a
new
study
has
found"可知,文章首段就点明了主题。气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁,到2100年将有一半的沙滩消失。故选A。
4.答案：1-4.CDCD
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段的内容可推知,Professor
Donna
Strickland和其他两人可以获得诺贝尔物理学奖是因为他们的发明具有开创性的意义,故C项正确。
2.考查细节理解。由第二段中的"Professor
Strickland
found
a
way
to
use
lasers
as
very
precise
drilling
or
cutting
tools"可知,D项正确。
3.考查简单计算。根据第四段中的"I
think
that's
the
story
of
Maria
that
people
want
to
talk
about—that
why
should
it
take
60
years?
There
are
so
many...to
get
recognized"以及最后一段中的"The
last
woman...Before
that
it
was
Marie
Curie,
who
shared
the
1903
prize
with
her
husband,
Pierre"可知,第二位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性的获奖时间是1903
+60=1963年。
4.考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"why
should
it
take
60
years?
There
are...
recognized"可知,
有很多女性做出了极好的研究,
但她们被认可却花了很长时间。由此推知在科研方面性别歧视仍然存在。故选D。
5.答案：D;
C;
G;
F;
A
①.上文提到风筝冲浪这项运动的发起人,下文提到经过数年人们的设计改进,这项运动发展为如今的新型运动,由此可推知答案为D项,“第一个设计用风筝驱动滑水橇"。
②.本段介绍了风筝冲浪的简单物理原理,故选C项。
③.本段后文重点讲述风筝冲浪的操作特点和驾驭技巧。G选项中的"learn
many
tricks”和下文中的“go
at
top
speeds”呼应。
④.空后的“They
can
leam
the
techniques
safely"与F选项中的"attend
a
course”相呼应。同时空格处与上文是因果关系,故选F。
⑤.本段介绍了风筝冲浪的发展趋势以及广受风筝冲浪爱好者欢迎的目的地。故选A项,“风筝冲浪已经成为一项主流运动"。
6.答案：1-5
ACADC
6-10
BACBC
11-15
DDBBC
解析：1.句意：接触（Exposure)艺术可以鼓励孩子们有自我价值感，帮助他们交流，提高他们在学术领域的表现。entrance人口；
invitation邀请；
addiction入迷。
2.由in
academic
areas可知，本句在说接触艺术所带来的益处之一是提高他们在学术领域的表现（performance)。popularity受欢迎；
expectation期望；
identity身份。
3.句意：然而，自20世纪80年代以来，美国学龄儿童接受艺术教育的机会一直在减少（decline)。account账户；
way方式；
rise上升。由Yet可知，前后语意表示转折关系，故选A项。
4.句意：2011年，阿德斯?阿尔方斯在哈莱姆成立了ProjectArt，该项目正扩展（expanding)到新奥尔良和旧金山，这两个城市有许多无家可归的年轻人，这个组织在美国总共八个城市都存在（presence)。move移动；
allocate分配；
return返回。由New
Orleans
and
San
Francisco可知，这是两个地方。所以说该项目正扩展到新奥尔良和旧金山。故选D项。
5.此处指该组织总共存在于八个城市，故填presence。evidence证据；
guidance带领；
reference参考。
6.句意：项目执行理事戴安娜?巴克利?穆奇莫尔在项目早期自愿（volunteered)加入ProjectArt，有一次经历让她深刻体会到艺术对儿童发展的影响。separate分离；
toy玩弄；
conflict冲突。由前文可知，
ProjectArt的宗旨是为美国主要城市的儿童提供免费艺术课程，所以戴安娜?巴克利?穆奇莫尔在项目早期是自愿加入ProjectArt的。故选B项。
7.句意：项目执行理事戴安娜?巴克利?穆奇莫尔在项目早期自愿加入ProjectArt,有一次经历让她深刻体会到艺术对儿童发展的影响（impact)。remark评论；
barrier边界；
progress进步。have/
make
an
impact
on
sb.“对某人有影响”为固定短语。
8.句意：巴克利?穆奇莫尔和她的朋友阿尔方斯一起(Joining)在哈莱姆社区中心教书，遇到了一个男孩。appeal呼吁；
include包括；
watch看。join
sb.
in
sth.“和某人一起做某事”为固定短语。
9.句意：“他很安静，但我通过他用木头做的雕塑与他建立了（connected)友谊，他慢慢开始敞开心扉，描述他的作品，”她回忆道。deal贩卖；
play玩；
compare对比。
10.由a
sculpture可知，本句在说明雕塑是由什么材料做的。make...out
of“用……制造出”符合句意。in
between在……之间；
up
to达到；
away
from远离。
11.友谊的建立以及小男孩对艺术的热爱使得小男孩敞开(open
up)心扉。hold
out伸出；
stand
up站起来；
figure
out计算出。
12.句意：图书馆为他们提供免费的（free)空间，允许他们进入现有的社区，充分利用素材，以此激发孩子们的创作灵感。parking停车的；
green绿色的；
living活着的。国家公共图书馆是非营利机构且与ProjectArt项目为合作关系，所以国家公共图书馆提供了免费的空间。故选D项。
13.ProjectArt项目是为儿童提供免费艺术课程，再加上图书馆为他们提供免费的空间，允许他们进入现有的社区，充分利用素材，就是为了激发（inspire)孩子们的创作灵感。respect尊重；reward奖励；
challenge挑战。
14.句意：与此同时，该组织正在努力满足特殊需求，并利用（advantage)其最新城市的资源。charge收费；
notice注意；
control控制。take
advantage
of“利用”为固定短语。
15.句意:该组织还接受基金会和个人的捐赠(donations)。invitation邀请；
appreciation感激;
congratulation祝贺。
7.答案：spent;
known;
preserved;
developed;
advanced
解析：本文段为记叙文。作者回忆了自己游览巴黎的时光。
①分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰time
spend和time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用动词-ed形式。故填spent。
②know和a
city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用动词-ed形式作定语,故填known,
be
known
as...意为"被称为……"。
③分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰old
buildings,且
preserve与old
buildings之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用动词-ed形式,故填preserved。
④分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰countries,联系语境并结合常识可知,巴黎是法国的首都,而法国是发达国家,故填developed,
developed
country"发达国家";developing
country"发展中国家"。
⑤分析句子结构可知,空处应用形容词,修饰后面的high-tech
facilities。
8.答案：
Notice
Dear
students,
???
To
make
our
school
life
wonderful
and
provide
a
good
chance
for
English
learners
to
communicate
with
each
other
easily,
our
school
has
been
planning
to
start
the
English
corner.
The
opening
ceremony
will
be
held
at
3
pm
on
Friday
in
front
of
the
lab
building.
You
can
come
to
tell
English
stories,
sing
English
songs
and
learn
about
culture.
Some
English
teachers
will
also
be
present
at
the
activity.
If
you
are
interested,
please
come
and
join
us.
Students'
Union
9.答案：
Paragraph
1:
???
All
of
a
sudden
came
the
bark
of
Gandalf.
When
Misha
heard
that,
she
immediately
climbed
over
the
track
and
looked
around.
At
first,
she
saw
Gandalf
was
walking
back
and
forth
around
a
rock.
Misha
went
over
and
saw
Michael,
who
got
injured.
His
right
leg
was
trapped
under
a
stone.
He
looked
weak
and
unconscious.
Then
Misha
immediately
called
on
her
teammates
to
save
Michael.
They
removed
he
stone
on
Michael's
leg
and
sent
him
to
the
nearest
hospital.
Paragraph
2:
???
As
it
turned
out,?
Michael's
experience
was
tough.
After
treatment,
he
came
around.
Then
he
told
them
what
had
happened
to
him
in
the
forest.
A?few
days
ago,
he
was
playing
around
the
campsite
when
he
saw
a
beautiful
butterfly
flying
around.
He
tried
to
catch
the
butterfly
and
chased
after
it,
only
to
find
he
was
lost.
He
slipped
and
his
right
leg
was
trapped
under
the
stone
when
he
was
looking
for
his
way
back.
Fortunately,
it
was
Gandalf,
Misha,
and
Misha's
teammates
who
saved
him.
He
said
he
would
appreciate
that
forever.