2022届高考英语二轮复习：状语从句课件（19张ppt）

(共19张PPT)
状语从句
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
状语：状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态。
①He
writes
carefully.
(carefully修饰write,
说明“写”的方式，是方式状语)
②He
played
football
at
school.
(at
school说明“踢足球”这一动作发生的地点，作地点状语)
③He
bought
a
dictionary
yesterday.
(yesterday说明“买字典”这一动作发生的时间，作时间状语)
④He
is
terribly
ill.
(terribly修饰形容词ill,
说明“病”的程度，作程度状语)
时间状语从句
1
常用引导词：when,
as,
while,
as
soon
as,
before,
after,
since,
till,
until
特殊引导词：the
minute,
the
moment,
the
second,
every
time,
the
day,
the
instant,
immediately,
directly,
no
sooner...than,
hardly...when,
scarcely...when
1.
when引导时间状语从句
1)可以引导短暂动作的动词，也可引导延续动作动词，可以指动作发生前，可以指动作发生时，也可指动作发生后。可以替代while和as的一些用法。
①As/
When
I
stopped
my
car,
a
man
came
up
to
me.
②When/
While
I
lived
there,
I
made
quite
a
few
friends.
③When
I
got
there,
the
train
had
left.
(相当于before)
④When
I
get
there,
I
will
tell
you
the
whole
story.
(相当于after)
when引导时间状语从句
2)
when作“既然”解
英语解释作since;
considering
that
既然；考虑到
⑤How
can
they
learn
anything
when
they
spend
all
their
spare
time
watching
television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，还能学什么东西呢？
⑥How
can
he
succeed
when
he
won't
work?
既然他不肯工作，那他怎么会成功呢?
⑦Why
did
you
stay
in
a
hotel
when
you
could
stay
in
your
own
home?
既然你能住在家里，为什么要住旅馆呢？
when引导时间状语从句
3)
when作“这时”讲（此时为并列连词）
①be
doing...when
表示一个动作正在就进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。主句多用进行时
②主句用过去完成时，when后用一般过去时，“刚...这时...”
③be
about
to
do...when,
“正要...这时...”
④和其他表正在进行的句式连用
I
was
on
my
way
home
with
a
friend
yesterday
when
I
found
a
moblie
phone
by
the
roadside.
昨天我和一个朋友正走在回家路上，这时我看到路边有个手机。
as引导时间状语从句
2
1.
强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生，或表示某一动作发生，另一动作立即发生
The
runners
started
as
the
gun
went
off.
A
cat
ran
out
as
I
opened
the
door.
2.
as还可表示“随着时间推移”，此时不能用when或while代替
I
love
you
more
and
more
each
day
as
time
goes
by.
as引导时间状语从句
3.
as
time
goes
by
与
with
time
goes
by
with是介词，后面不能跟句子；as可以作连词，后面可以跟句子。
With
time
going
by,
I
gradually
realize
the
importance
of
health.
随着时间的流逝，我逐渐意识到健康的重要性。
As
time
goes
by,
sleeping
becomes
less
of
a
problem.
随着时间的推移，睡眠逐渐不再成为问题。
while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的
3
It
was
raining
hard
while
we
got
there.
把while改为when，因为get是非延续性动词。
1)
主句和从句都可延续，动作并列同时发生
2)
从句延续，主句不延续，但主句动作是在从句动作延续的过程中发生的
while有时还可以表示对比、转折（此时是并列句）
He
is
quite
short
while
his
sister
is
quite
tall.
表示“一...就...”的结构
4
1.
as
soon
as
2.
hardly/scarcely...when;
no
sooner...than
当hardly/scarcely和no
sooner位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序
He
had
hardly
sat
down
when
the
bell
rang.
→
Hardly
had
he
sat
down
when
the
bell
rang.
这两个句型的时态规律：主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时
3.
the
moment,
the
second,
the
minute,
the
instant
名词词组起连词作用，引导时间状语从句时后面不能再用when。
I
will
go
fishing
the
moment
when
the
rain
stops.
4.
directly,
immediately,
instantly用作连词
He
made
for
the
door
directly
he
heard
the
knock.
原因状语从句
常用引导词：because,
since,
as
特殊引导词：seeing
that,
now
that,
in
that,
considering
that,
given
that
1.
because的用法
1)
because
不能和so连用
两个分句一般只用一个连词，用了“因为（because,
as,
since等）”就不用“所以（so）”；用了“虽然（although,
though）”就不用“但是（but）”
2)
在The
reason
why...is
that...句式中，that不能换成because
2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since
Since
we
have
no
money,
we
can't
buy
that
vase.
As
it
is
raining,
you'd
better
take
a
taxi.
3.
for表原因（此时为并列连词）
1)
不是说明直接原因，而是表示从结果加以推断，即倒果为因
He
must
be
ill,
for
he
is
absent
today.
(他一定是病了，因为他今天不在这儿。)
It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
wet.
(昨天夜里一定是下雨了，因为地面很湿。)
2)
for从句表原因放在主句前面时，for相当于because
He
is
absent
today,
because/for
he
is
ill.
4.
now
that
“既然”，实际上是达到一定条件后，下一步做什么事
Now
that
everyone
is
here,
let's
begin
our
lesson.
Now
that
you've
heard
of
it,
let
me
tell
you
the
whole
story.
5.
in
that
常译作“因为”。也可把in看作介词，表示从某方面来说，that可以看作引导宾语从句，位于介词后不能省略。
because
与
because
of
1)
because
是连词，其后接句子；because
of
是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等
I
didn't
buy
it
because
it
was
too
expensive.
He
lost
his
job
becasue
of
his
laziness.
She
was
upset
because
of
what
he
had
done.
2)
because
所引导的从句除用作原因状语外，还可用作表语。而复合介词because
of所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。
条件状语从句
常用引导词：if,
unless
特殊引导词：as/so
long
as,
only
if,
provided
that,
suppose/supposing
that,
in
case
that,
on
condition
that,
in
the
event
of
1.
if
引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
2.
unless除非，相等于if...not...
Let's
go
out
for
a
walk
unless
you
are
too
tired.
If
you
are
not
too
tired,
let's
go
out
for
a
walk.
3.
as
long
as只要
条件状语从句
4.
once
一旦
once作“一旦”讲时，实际有两个意思：
1)
一...就...
“as
soon
as”
Once
I've
found
somewhere
to
live
I'll
send
you
my
address.
2)
从...时候起
“from
the
moment
when”
Remember
that
you
won't
be
able
to
cancel
the
contract
once
you've
signed.
5.
on
condition
that
以...为条件
条件状语从句
6.
providing
(that)/
provided
(that)
此时，providing和provided都为连词，可换用
He's
welcome
to
come
along,
provided
that
he
behaves
himself.
We'll
buy
everything
you
produce,
provided/
providing
the
price
is
right.
7.
suppose/
supposing
(that)
此时，suppose和supposing都为连词，可以换用
Suppose
we
miss
the
train--what
will
we
do
then?
We'd
love
to
come
and
see
you
on
Sunday,
supposing
(=if)
I
don't
have
to
work
that
day.
条件状语从句
if
引导的条件状语从句不能用will表将来，但可以用to
be
If
you
are
to
succeed,
you
must
work
hard.
will用在if条件状语从句中时，不是表将来而是表意愿
当主句是一般将来时时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时。但有时条件状语从句也有用will的，此时will是表示“意愿”，相当于be
willing
to,
而不是表将来。
If
you
will
be
quiet,
I'll
tell
you
what
happened.
方式状语从句
常用引导词：as,
as
if/
as
though
特殊引导词：the
way
as...按照...
When
in
Rome,
do
as
the
roman
do.
as
if,
as
though
1)
两者的意义和用法相同，引出状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛...似的”
“好像...似的”
He
looks
as
if
(as
though)
he
had
been
hit
by
lighting.
It
looks
as
if
the
weather
may
pick
up
very
soon.
as
if/
as
though
也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语
He
stared
at
me
as
if
seeing
me
for
the
first
time.
He
cleared
his
throat
as
if
to
say
something.
The
waves
dashed
on
the
rocks
as
if
in
anger.
特殊引导词：the
way
在
in
this
way,
in
that
way,
in
the
same
way,
in
another
way等表达中的介词in通常可以省略。
Do
it
(in)
this
way.
Let
me
put
it
(in)
another
way.