2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句讲解课件（28张ppt）

(共28张PPT)
定语从句
This
is
the
boy
who
won
the
first
prize
in
the
English
Speech
Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(This
is
the
boy)
定语从句：修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句。
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(the
boy)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(who关系代词)
关系代词:
that,
which,
who,
whose
怎么选择？
1
指人时可以用who,
也可用that
1.
Do
you
know
the
boy
who/that
is
my
desk
mate?
2.
The
man
who/that
was
killed
in
the
accident
is
Tom’s
uncle.
指物时可以用which，也可用that
3.
I
like
visiting
places
which/that
are
far
away.
4.
How
do
you
like
the
film
which/that
was
shown
last
Sunday?
whose可以指人也可以指物
5.
He
was
a
painter
whose
pictures
were
not
well-known
in
his
life
time.
6.
The
tree
whose
leaves
are
red
was
planted
last
year.
关系代词作宾语时可以省略
7.
I
like
the
meal
that/which/省略
we
had
last
night.
定语从句还原we
had
the
meal
last
night.
8.
Do
you
know
the
boy
who/whom/that/省略
we
talked
about
just
now?
定语从句还原we
talked
about
the
boy
just
now.
关系副词:
when,
where,
why
2
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。
1.
We
will
put
off
the
picnic
until
next
week
when
the
weather
may
be
better.
2.
He
has
reached
the
point
where
a
change
is
needed.
3.
That
is
no
reason
why
you
should
leave.
4.
This
is
the
way
how
I
did
it.
考点1.
the
way
先行词，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词要用
in
which/that/省略。
首先要确定the
way
在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the
way
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。
I
don’t
like
the
way
that/which
will
cost
too
much
money.
The
way
that/which/省
he
thought
of
to
solve
the
problem
was
not
pratical.
如果the
way在定语从句中作状语（定语从句还原后是in
the
way），关系词用这三种情况的任一种：in
which,
that,
省略。
The
way
he
answered
the
question
was
surprising.
定语从句恢复为完整的一句话是
He
answered
the
question
in
the
way.
in
the
way在定从中作状语。
练习
1.
That
is
not
the
way
I
do
it.
A.
/
B.
which
C.
for
which
D.
with
which
2.
This
is
the
only
way
you
can
find.
A.
That
B.
/
C.
in
which
D.
A,
B
and
C
E.
A
and
B
3.
I
don't
like
the
way
he
spoke
to
his
mother.
A.
that
B.
/
C.
in
which
D.
A,
B
and
C
练习解答
1.
That
is
not
the
way
A
I
do
it.
A.
/
B.
which
C.
for
which
D.
with
which
I
do
it
in
the
way.
关系词在从句中作状语，要用in
which,
that,
省略。
2.
This
is
the
only
way
E
you
can
find.
A.
That
B.
/
C.
in
which
D.
A,
B
and
C
E.
A
and
B
You
can
find
the
only
way.
先行词被the
only修饰，关系代词只能用that不能用which；又关系词在定从中作宾语，可以省。
3.
I
don't
like
the
way
D
he
spoke
to
his
mother.
A.
that
B.
/
C.
in
which
D.
A,
B
and
C
He
spoke
to
his
mother
in
the
way.
关系词在定从中作状语，要用in
which,
that,
省略。
考点2.
situation,
case,
point,
business等作先行词，关系副词常用where
1.
I
have
reached
a
point
in
my
life
I
am
supposed
to
make
decisions
of
my
own.
2.
I
can
think
of
many
cases
students
obviously
knew
a
lot
of
English
words
and
expressions
but
couldn't
write
a
good
essay.
3.
I
work
in
a
business
almost
everyone
is
waiting
for
a
great
chance.
4.
It's
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
考点3.
occasion（时机）作先行词时关系副词用when
It
was
a
rare-indeed
unique
occasion
when
I
was
able
to
put
Ritchie
right.
用关系词填空
1.
Maybe
you
have
a
habit
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
2.
The
next
day,
my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
3.
People
should
not
do
things
will
disturb
their
neighbors
unnecessarily.
4.
The
exact
year
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
5.
Later
in
this
chapter
cases
will
be
introduced
to
readers
consumer
complaints
have
resulted
in
changes
in
the
law.
用关系词填空解答
1.
Maybe
you
have
a
habit
that/which
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
做主语，指物
2.
The
next
day,
my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
where
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
作地点状语
3.
People
should
not
do
things
which/that
will
disturb
their
neighbors
unnecessarily.
作主语，指物
4.
The
exact
year
that/which/省略
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
作宾语
5.
Later
in
this
chapter
cases
will
be
introduced
to
readers
where
consumer
complaints
have
resulted
in
changes
in
the
law.
要点1.
关系词的选择，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定从中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
He
worked
in
the
factory
which
produces
TV
sets.
He
worked
in
the
factory
where
his
father
had
worked.
定从还原
the
factory
produces
TV
sets.
做主语
his
father
had
worked
in
the
factory.
作状语
I
like
the
school
is
near
to
my
home.
I
like
the
school
my
sister
studies.
要点2.
关系词在定语从句中作主语和宾语时，关系词要用关系代词
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词属于代词范畴，关系副词属于副词范畴。由于副词不能作主语和宾语，因此，当关系词在定从中作主语和宾语时不能用关系副词，只能用关系代词。
改错：
I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
spent
together.
This
is
the
museum
where
we
visited
last
week.
先行词：the
days
主句：I
will
never
forget
the
days.
定从：we
spent
the
days
together.
关系词在定从中作spent宾语，用that/which
单句改错
1.
I
often
think
of
the
days
when
we
spent
on
the
island
together.
2.
This
is
the
museum
where
you
visited
the
other
day.
3.
Have
you
ever
been
to
Shanghai,
where
I
left
ten
years
ago?
4.
You
can
also
make
more
Chinese
friends,
they
will
tell
you
a
lot
about
China
and
help
you
learn
Chinese.
5.
Around
me
in
the
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time.
单句改错解答
1.
I
often
think
of
the
days
when
we
spent
on
the
island
together.
when去掉或改为that/which
2.
This
is
the
museum
where
you
visited
the
other
day.
where去掉或改为that/which
3.
Have
you
ever
been
to
Shanghai,
where
I
left
ten
years
ago?
which
4.
You
can
also
make
more
Chinese
friends,
they
will
tell
you
a
lot
about
China
and
help
you
learn
Chinese.
who
5.
Around
me
in
the
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time.
that/which
限制性定从与非限制性定从
3
限制性定从
非限制性定从
形式上
不用逗号和主句隔开
用逗号和主句隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整
是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整
译法上
翻译成先行词的定语，“......的......”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上
作宾语时可省；可用that；可用who代替whom；可用why
不可省；不用that；不用who代替whom；why要换成for
which
非限制性定语从句
Have
you
ever
been
to
Shanghai,
which
I
left
ten
years
ago?
形式上，用逗号和主句隔开；
意义上，是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整；
译法上，通常翻译成主句的并列句（相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系）；
关系词的使用上，不可省且不用that。
限制性定从与非限制性定从的区分
限制性定从的作用是“指定是哪一个”，而非限制性定从的作用是补充一些额外内容。因此，含有限制性定从的复合句表达一个主要内容；而含有非限制性定从的复合句表达有两个要点，常译作并列句或含有状语从句的复合句。
I
lost
all
the
money
you
let
me
yesterday.
我把你昨天借给我的钱都弄丢了。定从是来指明是哪些钱（是你借给我的钱，而不是别的钱）。本句主要是说“我把钱弄丢了”。
I
lost
all
the
money,
without
which
I
had
to
walk
home.
我把钱都弄丢了；没有这些钱，我只能步行回家。定从不是来指明是哪些钱丢了，而是补充说明了一些相关内容。本句表达了两方面内容：我钱丢了；我只能步行回家。
限制性定从与非限制性定从的区分
限制性定从的作用是“指定是哪一个”，而非限制性定从的作用是补充一些额外内容。
The
girl
whom
he
married
is
very
beautiful.
他娶的那个女孩非常漂亮。定从是来指明是哪个女孩（是他娶的女孩，而不是别的女孩）。本句主要是说“女孩很漂亮”。
He
met
with
a
pretty
girl
in
the
park
that
day,
whom
he
married
two
months
later.他在公园遇见了一个漂亮女孩；两个月后他娶了这个女孩。定从不是来指明是哪个漂亮女孩，而是补充说明了一些相关内容。本句表达了两方面内容：他遇见了一个女孩；他娶了那个女孩。
as用作关系代词
4
as引导限制性定从
例题：I
had
never
heard
such
an
interesting
story
you
told
me
yesterday.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
as
D.
that/which
关系代词要用as的固定搭配情况:
①先行词被such修饰时，构成“such...as...”
It's
such
a
heavy
stone
as
nobody
can
move.
那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。（as作宾语）
Don't
trust
such
men
as
praise
you
to
your
face.
不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。（as作主语）
as引导非限制性定语从句（常带有“正如”的意思）
可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开（which引导的非限制性定从不能放在句首）
As
is
known
to
all,
he
is
the
best
student
in
our
class.
(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)
He
opposed
the
idea,
as
could
be
expected.
(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)
as
is
often
the
case是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”
语法填空练习
1.
If
possible,
we
may
leave
them
alone
for
some
time
before
reading
again,
will
help
a
great
deal.
2.
we
have
stressed
many
times,
“serve
the
people”
is
our
first
policy.
3.
The
number
of
smokes,
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
4.
China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership,
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
语法填空练习解答
1.
If
possible,
we
may
leave
them
alone
for
some
time
before
reading
again,
which
will
help
a
great
deal.
2.
As
we
have
stressed
many
times,
“serve
the
people”
is
our
first
policy.
3.
The
number
of
smokes,
as
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
4.
China
Today
attracts
a
worldwide
readership,
which
shows
that
more
and
more
people
all
over
the
world
want
to
learn
about
China.
只用that不用which的情况
5
先行词是anything,
something,
nothing,
everything等不定代词时
1.
He
never
reads
anything
that
is
not
worth
reading.
2.
I
refuse
to
accept
the
blame
for
something
that
was
someone
else's
fault.
先行词是all,
much,
little,
none或先行词被all,
much,
little,
no,
any修饰时
3.
There
is
not
much
that
can
be
done.
4.
There
is
no
difficulty
that
can't
be
overcome
in
the
world.
5.
Please
send
us
all
the
information
that
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.
6.
You
can
take
any
seat
that
is
free.
只用that不用which的情况
先行词被最高级、序数词以及the
first,
the
last,
the
very,
the
only,
the
same修饰时
7.The
most
important
thing
that
we
should
pay
attention
to
is
the
first
thing
that
I
have
said.
8.
My
watch
is
not
noly
thing
that
is
missing.
9.
This
is
the
very
thing
that
I've
long
wished
to
see.
先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
10.
We're
talking
about
the
piano
and
the
pianist
that
were
in
the
concert
we
attended
last
night.
11.
He
talked
a
lot
about
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered
in
the
school.
只用that不用which的情况
关系代词在从句中作表语或there
be结构中的实义主语时，that可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be后。)
He
still
talks
like
the
man
that
he
was
ten
years
ago.
The
train
is
the
fastest
train
that
there
has
ever
been.
12.
She
is
no
longer
the
sweet
girl
that
she
used
to
be.
当先行词前面有which,
who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that(同理，当先行词是that,
those时，常用关系代词which或who)
What's
that
which
is
under
the
desk?
Which
is
the
T-shirt
that
fits
me
most?
13.
Who
is
the
person
that
is
standing
at
the
gate
of
Beijing
Tourism
Tower?
14.
Who
that
has
common
sense
will
do
such
a
thing.
单句改错练习
1.
Is
there
anything
which
belongs
to
you?
2.
Both
the
girl
and
her
dog
which
were
crossing
the
street
were
hit
by
a
coming
car.
3.
All
the
apples
which
fell
down
were
eaten
by
the
pigs.
4.
This
is
the
very
thing
which
I
lost
yesterday.
单句改错练习解答
1.
Is
there
anything
which
belongs
to
you?
先行词是不定代词anything
2.
Both
the
girl
and
her
dog
which
were
crossing
the
street
were
hit
by
a
coming
car.
先行词有人有物
3.
All
the
apples
which
fell
down
were
eaten
by
the
pigs.
先行词有all修饰
4.
This
is
the
very
thing
which
I
lost
yesterday.
先行词为物且前有the
only,
the
last,
the
very修饰时，定从的引导词只能用that