2021-2022学年牛津版高中英语：必修二 Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy 单元词汇详解 学案

牛津英语词汇详解
必修
第二册
Unit
2
Be
sporty,
be
healthy
Word
lists
Supportive
sentences
1.
soccer
/?s?k?(r)/
n.（美）足球运动（15）【原句背诵】Q:
What
do
soccer
players
and
magicians
have
in
common?A:
Both
do
hat-tricks!
2.
bat
/b?t/
n.蝙蝠；球棒，球板
vt.
&
vi.用球棒（板）击球（15）【原句背诵】Q:
What
animal
is
best
at
hitting
baseball?A:
A
bat!
3.
skydiving
/?ska?da?v??/
n.跳伞运动（15）【原句背诵】Q:
What
is
the
hardest
part
about
skydiving?A:
The
ground!
4.
congratulation
/k?n?ɡr?t?u?le??n/
n.祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺（16）【原句背诵】You
want
to
start
doing
exercise?
Congratulations!
You
have
just
taken
your
first
step
towards
a
new
and
improved
you!【拓展】a
letter
of
congratulation
贺信to
offer/send
your
congratulations
to
sb
向某人致以祝贺congratulate
vt.
祝贺；恭喜；庆贺congratulate
sb.
on/upon/for
(doing)
sthg.
因（做某事祝贺某人）【误区】表示“祝贺；恭喜”时，congratulation常用复数形式。
I’m
glad
to
get
together
to
offer
our
congratulations
on
your
success
in
the
competition.我很高兴我们能聚在一起祝贺你在比赛中获胜。Congratulations
on
your
exam
results!
祝贺你考出了好成绩！Please
allow
me
to
congratulate
you
with
all
my
heart
on
your
great
achievement.
请允许我衷心地祝贺你获得非凡的成就。
5.
assume
vt.假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）；呈现，显露（16）6.
do
wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用（16）【原句背诵】Most
people
assume
that
regular
exercise
does
wonders
for
your
body
and
mind—but
what
exactly
are
its
health
benefits?【拓展】assume
(that)…假设/认为……It
is
assumed
that….人们认为……assumption
n.
假定；假设；担任an
assumption
that…假定……（that引导同位语从句）【误区】assuming用作连词时，意思是“假定；假设”。I
hope
to
go
to
college
next
year,
always
assuming
I
pass
my
exams.
我希望明年上大学，当然是在我通过考试的前提下。
In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
hidden
within
the
work.
在进行艺术批评时，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏着秘密信息。Everyone
must
assume
his
share
of
the
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
每个人都必须承担起保护环境的责任。It
is
generally
assumed
that
stress
is
caused
by
too
much
work.
普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。Which
of
the
following
is
an
assumption
on
which
the
argument
relies?
下列哪项是论点所依赖的假设？
【链接高考】（2014安徽卷）So,
let
us
assume
that
historical
buildings
are
both
attractive
and
important
to
the
majority
of
people.
所以，我们假设历史建筑对大多数人来说都是有吸引力和重要的。（2013江苏卷）When
he
started,
he
assumed
that
signs
of
the
bends
would
be
rarer
in
younger
fossils,
reflecting
their
gradual
evolution
of
measures
to
deal
with
decompression.
当他开始研究时，他认为在较年轻的化石中，减压病的迹象会更罕见，这反映了它们应对减压措施的逐渐演变。
7.
lung
/l??/
n.肺（16）8.
over
the
long
term长期（16）【原句背诵】To
start
with,
physical
activity
increases
the
efficiency
of
your
heart
and
lungs.
During
exercise,
your
heart
and
lungs
must
work
harder.
This
extra
effort
makes
them
grow
stronger
over
the
long
term.【拓展】in
the
short
term
从短期来看；就眼前来说in
the
long
term
从长远来看in
terms
of
依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词
In
the
long
term,
I
am
optimistic
about
China's
consumption
growth.
从长远来看，我对中国消费增长持乐观态度。The
job
is
great
in
terms
of
salary,
but
it
has
its
disadvantages.
就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。
【链接高考】（2020全国卷III）Only
6
percent
of
the
biggest
US
cities
have
factored
them
into
their
long-term
planning.
只有6%的美国大城市将其纳入了长期规划。（2014江苏卷）For
economists,
every
decision
is
made
by
knowledge
of
what
one
must
forgo—in
terms
of
money
and
enjoyment—in
order
to
take
it
up.
对经济学家来说，每个决定都是基于一个人知道必须放弃什么——金钱和享受——以便接受它。
（2012上海卷）In
terms
of
everyday
behavior，the
UCLA
study
found
that
women
are
far
more
likely
than
men
to
seek
social
contact
when
they
are
feeling
stressed.
在日常行为方面，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究发现，当女性感到压力时，她们比男性更有可能寻求社会接触。
9.
tend
/tend/
vi.往往会；趋向vt.
照看（16）10.
immune
/??mju?n/
adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的（16）11.
disease
/d??zi?z/
n.病，疾病（16）【原句背诵】It
has
also
been
proven
that
active
people
tend
to
have
better
immune
systems
and
are
at
lower
risk
of
diseases.【拓展】tend
to
do
sthg.
易于做某事tend
to/towards
sthg.
有……的趋势；倾向于……tend
(to)
sb./sthg.照顾/照看某人/某物tendency
n.
趋势；偏好；倾向have
a
tendency
to
do
(for)
sthg.
倾向于做……
When
we
are
under
stress
our
bodies
tend
to
tense
up.
当我们处在压力之下时，我们的身体往往会绷紧。Obese
people
tend
to
have
higher
blood
pressure
than
lean
people.
肥胖的人往往比瘦人血压高。Prices
have
tended
downwards
over
recent
years.
近年来物价趋于下降。Doctors
and
nurses
tended
the
injured.
医生和护士护理受伤者。There
is
a
tendency
for
Covid19
pandemic
to
run
in
groups.
冠状病毒易在群体中传播。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Even
soccer
fans
tend
to
have
a
seat
each;
gone
are
the
days
of
thousands
standing
to
watch
the
match.
即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上万的人站着观看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
（2020浙江卷）Those
who
had
held
mentally
stimulating
(刺激),
demanding
jobs
before
retirement
tended
to
do
the
best
on
the
tests.
那些精神上有激励、退休前要求工作的人往往在测试中表现最好。
12.
moreover
/m??r???v?(r)/
adv.
此外，而且（16）【原句背诵】Moreover,
exercise
is
good
for
your
mental
health.【拓展】besides
adv.
况且，再说；此外，以及in
addition
另外，此外；加之
Moreover,
understanding
the
brain
is
not
the
same
as
understanding
the
mind.
此外，理解大脑和理解思维是不一样的。Moreover,
looking
at
your
watch
during
an
event
is
even
considered
as
bad
manners.
此外，在活动期间看手表甚至被视为不礼貌的行为。
13.
reduce
/r??dju?s/
vt.减少，缩小（16）【原句背诵】Working
out
can
help
you
reduce
stress
and
get
over
negative
feelings.【拓展】reduce
sthg.
(from
sthg.)
(to
sthg.)reduce
sthg.
(by
sthg.)
减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）be
reduced
to
(doing)
sthg.
使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落；使陷入窘境reduction
n.
减少；下降；缩小；还原（反应）
The
medicine
helps
reduce
the
risks
of
heart
disease.
这种药减小了犯心脏病的风险。The
number
of
employees
was
reduced
from
40
to
25.
雇员人数40人减少到了25人。Costs
have
been
reduced
by
20%
over
the
past
year.
过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。Numerous
people
in
Africa
have
been
reduced
to
extreme
poverty.
很多非洲人沦落到极度贫困的地步。He
was
reduced
to
begging
for
a
living.
他不得不以乞讨为生。There
has
been
some
reduction
in
unemployment.
失业人数有所减少。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Von
Wong
hopes
that
his
work
will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint.
冯·王希望他的作品能帮助给大公司施加压力以减少使用塑料。（2020天津卷）Fuel
consumption
could
be
reduced
as
the
electric
component
is
switched
on
at
key
parts
of
the
journey,
especially
on
take-off
and
landing.
在飞行的关键时候，特别是起飞和降落时，开启电子元件可以减少燃料消耗。
14.
routine
/ru??ti?n/
n.常规，惯例
adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的（17）15.
muscle
/?m?sl/
n.肌肉，肌（17）【原句背诵】When
you
plan
an
exercise
routine,
the
first
thing
to
consider
is
what
you
expect
to
improve:
heart
and
lung
efficiency,
muscle
strength
or
flexibility.
Make
exercise
a
part
of
your
daily
routine.
让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。The
players
had
to
change
their
daily
routine
and
lifestyle.
这些运动员不得不改变他们的每日常规和生活方式。The
fault
was
discovered
during
a
routine
check.
这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。So
many
days
are
routine
and
uninteresting,
especially
in
winter.
太多的日子都是平淡和无趣，尤其是在冬季。
【链接高考】（2015浙江卷）Every
part
of
my
life
changed;
no
part
of
my
old
routine
remained.
我的生活都改变了;
我的老套路已经一去不复返了。
16.
aerobic
/e??r??b?k/
adj.有氧的；需氧的（17）17.
jogging
/?d??ɡ??/
n.慢跑锻炼（17）18.
skiing
/?ski???/
n.滑雪（运动）（17）【原句背诵】Aerobic
activities,
like
jogging，swimming
and
skiing,
develop
your
heart
and
lungs.
19.
pull-up
/?p?l
?p/
n.引体向上（17）20.
bone
/b??n/
n.骨头，骨（17）【原句背诵】Strength
training,
such
as
pull?ups
and
weightlifting,
increases
muscle
strength
and
encourages
bone
development.
Tom
always
goes
jogging
in
the
morning
and
he
usually
does
push-ups
too
to
stay
in
shape.
汤姆总是在早上慢跑，也经常做俯卧撑来保持身材。
21.
gymnastics
/d??m?n?st?ks/
n.体操，体操训练（17）22.
tai
chi
/?t??
?t?i?/
n.太极拳，太极（17）23.
stretch
/stret?/
vt.
&
vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；（使延伸）（17）24.
range
/re?nd?/
n.（变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区间；一系列（17）25.
movement
/?mu?vm?nt/
n.活动，转动；移动；运动（17）【原句背诵】Flexibility
training,
including
gymnastics
and
tai
chi,
helps
stretch
your
muscles
and
improve
your
body’s
range
of
movement.【拓展】a
wide
range
of　
一系列……within/in
the
range
of
在……范围内beyond/out
of
one’s
range
超出范围；在视觉（听觉等）范围之外；某人能力达不到的【误区1】stretch还可以作名词，意思是“舒展；伸张；伸展力；连续的一段”。【误区2】range还可以作动词，意思是“（在……内）变动，变化；延伸；排列”。range
from
...to...
在……范围内变动range
between…and…在……到……之间
The
exercises
are
designed
to
stretch
and
tone
your
leg
muscles.
这些活动目的在于伸展和增强你的腿部肌肉。The
exercises
are
designed
to
stretch
and
tone
your
leg
muscles.
这些活动目的在于伸展和增强你的腿部肌肉。Fields
and
hills
stretched
out
as
far
as
we
could
see.
放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。At
the
end
of
a
workout
spend
time
cooling
down
with
some
slow
stretches.
锻炼结束时，用一些缓慢的伸展来做整理运动。The
restaurant
has
become
popular
for
its
wide
range
of
foods
that
suit
all
tastes
and
pockets.
由于菜品多样，适合各种口味和消费群体，这家饭店深受大家欢迎。The
child
was
now
out
of
her
range
of
vision
(=
not
near
enough
for
her
to
see).
那个孩子已经走出了她的视线。She
has
had
a
number
of
different
jobs,
ranging
from
chef
to
swimming
instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）69
Activities
(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
70
to
have
(have)
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.
那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行以及住宿安排，其目的是对自然环境的影响较小。
（2014湖南卷）The
FREE
squad
sessions
will
include
introductions
to
a
wide
range
of
writing
styles,
from
poetry
to
play
writing
and
lyrics
(抒情诗）to
flash
fiction,
to
support
the
development
of
young
writers.
自由队的课程将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到剧本写作，从抒情诗到闪写小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。（2016全国卷I）If
it
weren’t
for
Rachel
Carson,
the
environmental
movement
might
not
exist
today.
如果没有雷切尔·卡森，现在可能不会有环保运动了。
26.
stick
with持续，坚持（17）【原句背诵】Above
all,
choose
activities
you
enjoy
because,
in
this
way,
you’re
more
likely
to
stick
with
them.【拓展】stick
at
sthg.
坚持不懈地做（某事）；持之以恒；锲而不舍stick
to
(to是介词)坚持；遵守；信守stick
out伸出；探出；突出stick
in
your
mind
经久不忘；铭记在心get/be
stuck
in
(=get/be
caught
in)陷入……；被卡在……
They
decided
to
stick
with
their
original
plan.
他们决定继续执行原来的计划。If
you
want
to
play
an
instrument
well,
you’ve
got
to
stick
at
it.
要想练好一种乐器，你必须持之以恒。The
incident
stuck
in
my
mind
because
it
was
the
first
example
I
had
seen
of
racism
in
that
country.
那个事件令我难以忘怀，因为那是我看到的那个国家的第一例种族歧视事件。They
wrote
the
notice
in
big
red
letters
so
that
it
would
stick
out.
他们用红色大字写出通知，这样会显眼一些。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）More
than
half
of
Australian
homes
are
still
choosing
to
stick
with
their
home
phone.
超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择使用固定电话。
（2021新高考I卷）As
the
song
goes,
this
long
and
winding
road
“will
never
disappear”,
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor’s
memory.
就像歌里唱的那样，这条漫长而蜿蜒的路“永远不会消失”，它将永远存在游客的记忆里。
27.
petrol
/?petr?l/
n.汽油（17）28.
carbohydrate
/?kɑ?b???ha?dre?t/
n.碳水化合物，糖类（17）29.
energy
/?en?d?i/
n.能，能量；精力；能源（17）【原句背诵】Like
cars
that
run
on
petrol,
your
body
burns
carbohydrates
for
energy.
Foods
like
noodles,
rice,
fruit
and
vegetables
give
your
body
plenty
of
carbohydrates
to
keep
up
your
energy
during
a
long
workout.【拓展】full
of
energy精力充沛；充满活力creative/destructive
energies
创造╱毁灭力solar/nuclear
energy
太阳能；核能energetic
adj.
精力充沛的；积极的；有力的
Though
in
his
eighties,
she’s
always
full
of
energy.
尽管已经80多岁了，她总是充满活力。You
have
drive
and
energy
for
those
things
you
are
interested
in.
你对那些感兴趣的事情有动力、有干劲。She
put
all
her
energies
into
her
work.
她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。Keeping
a
proper
balance
between
study
and
rest
keeps
us
energetic.
在学习和休息之间保持适当的平衡，能使我们精力充沛。
【链接高考】（2020全国卷I）Since
lighting
is
often
far
removed
from
the
power
source(电源)--such
as
the
distance
from
a
power
plant
to
street
lamps
on
a
remote
highway--a
lot
of
energy
is
lost
during
transmission(传输).Glowing
plants
could
reduce
this
distance
and
therefore
help
save
energy.
由于照明通常离电源很远——比如从发电厂到偏远公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失很多能量。
发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。
（2020天津卷）A
battery,
even
a
lithium
one,
only
provides
250
watt-hours
per
kilogram;
compare
this
to
liquid
fuel,
which
has
a
specific
energy
of
11,
890
watt-hours
per
kilogram.
一块电池，即使是锂电池，每公斤只能提供250瓦时；与液体燃料相比，液体燃料的比能是11,890瓦特时每公斤。
30.protein
/?pr??ti?n/
n.蛋白质【原句背诵】To
help
your
muscles
recover
and
repair
themselves
after
exercise,
you
need
to
eat
foods
rich
in
protein,
such
as
fish,
eggs
and
milk
products.
Peas,
beans
and
lentils
are
a
good
source
of
vegetable
protein.
豌豆、豆荚和扁豆是植物蛋白质的来源。
31.average
/??v?r?d?/
n.平均水平，一般水平
adj.平均的；典型的【原句背诵】When
to
eat
is
also
of
great
importance.
In
general,
you
should
have
your
meal
an
average
of
1.5
to
2.5
hours
before
exercising.【拓展】an
average
of
平均是…on
(the/an)
average
平均；普通，通常above
the
average
在一般水平(或平均数)以上below
the
average
在一般水平(或平均数)
I
was
just
an
average
sort
of
student.
我只是一个普通的学生。Forty
hours
is
a
fairly
average
working
week
for
most
people.
对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。Temperatures
are
above/below
average
for
the
time
of
year.
温度高于╱低于此时的年平均温度。
【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Today’s
children
spend
an
average
of
four
and
a
half
hours
a
day
looking
at
screens,
split
between
watching
television
and
using
the
Internet.
现在的孩子平均每天花四个半小时看屏幕，一半时间看电视，一半时间上网。
（2020江苏卷）Then,
on
two
separate
morning
visits
to
the
scientists’
lab,
each
man
walked
for
an
hour
at
an
average
speed
that,
in
theory,
should
allow
his
body
to
rely
mainly
on
fat
for
fuel.
然后，在科学家实验室的两次早晨访问中，每个人都以平均速度走了一个小时，从理论上讲，这种速度可以让他的身体依靠脂肪提供能量。
32.throughout
/θru??a?t/
prep.自始至终；各处，遍及
33.make
up
for弥补，补偿34.sweat
n.汗水
vt.
&
vi.出汗，流汗【原句背诵】Remember
to
drink
throughout
exercise
to
make
up
for
water
lost
to
sweat.【拓展】make
sure
确信；证实make
up
弥补；组成；化妆；整理make
full/good
use
of
充分利用make
the
most
of充分利用make
a
difference
有影响，有关系make
out
理解；辨认出；说明；填写；设法应付make
for
导致；有助于；走向make
it获得成功【误区】throughout后可以接时间名词和地点名词。
Doctors
battled
throughout
the
night
to
save
the
patient’s
life.
医生们奋战了整个晚上来抢救病人的生命。China
exports
its
products
to
markets
throughout
the
world.
中国把产品出口到世界各地的市场。After
all
the
delays,
we
were
anxious
to
make
up
for
lost
time.
耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。
【链接高考】（2020全国卷II）Exhibitions,
events
and
family
activities
throughout
the
year.全年举行展览、比赛和家庭活动。（2019天津卷）All
participants
must
address
how
communication
or
transportation
technology
has
promoted
the
quality
of
life
for
Americans
throughout
history.
所有参与者都必须说明，纵观历史，通信或交通技术是如何提升美国人的生活质量的。
35.injury
/??nd??ri/
n.伤害，损伤（17）36.prevent
/pr??vent/
vt.阻止，阻碍（17）37.tissue
/?t??u?;
?t?sju?/
n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织；（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾，手巾纸（17）38.equipment/??kw?pm?nt/
n.设备；配备，装备（17）【原句背诵】To
prevent
soft
tissue
injury,
make
sure
that
you
wear
proper
clothes
and
equipment
when
exercising.【拓展】injure
vt,
伤害，损害prevent…from
(doing
sth./being
done)
阻止做某事prevention
n.预防；阻止；妨碍equip
vt.
装备；配备equip…with…用……装备……be
equipped
with
装备有……【误区】equipment是不可数名词，通常不用复数形式。a
piece/an
article
of
equipment一件设备a
set
of
equipment一套设备
She
overcame
injury
to
win
the
Olympic
gold
medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。Regular
exercise
helps
prevent
weight
gain.
经常锻炼有助于防止体重增加。He
said
this
would
prevent
companies
from
creating
new
jobs.
他说这将阻止各公司创造新的职位。The
equipment
of
the
photographic
studio
was
expensive.
这个摄影室的装备花费巨大。The
course
is
designed
to
equip
students
for
a
career
in
nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。Owners
of
restaurants
have
to
equip
them
to
admit
disabled
people.
餐馆老板们必须给餐馆配备接纳残疾人的设施。
【链接高考】（2020全国卷I）Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多健身益处，但很可能造成的伤害更少。
（2020新高考I卷）Follow
all
rules
carefully
to
prevent
disqualification.
遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。
39.lack
/l?k/
n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺
vt.
&
vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺（19）【原句背诵】Others
work
out
for
hours
at
the
weekend
to
make
up
for
their
lack
of
exercise
during
the
weekdays.
【拓展】(a)
lack
of
food/money/skills
缺乏食物╱金钱╱技能for/from/through
lack
of因缺少……lacking
adj.
缺乏的，不足的；缺失的be
lacking
in
缺乏；缺少某种品质The
book
is
completely
lacking
in
originality.
这部书完全没有创意。【误区】lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接带宾语。Tom
lacked
confidence
in
the
competition.
汤姆在竞赛时缺少自信。
Despite
his
lack
of
experience,
he
got
the
job.
尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。The
trip
was
cancelled
through
lack
of
(=
because
there
was
not
enough)
interest.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Lack
of
daylight
can
make
people
feel
depressed.
缺乏阳光的照射会让人情绪低落。Some
houses
still
lack
basic
facilities
such
as
bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。Hospitals
lack
even
basic
drugs
for
surgical
operations.
医院甚至缺乏外科手术的基本必需的药品。
【链接高考】（2020天津卷）I
have
never
known
an
outstanding
man
who
lacked
either.
And
I
have
never
known
an
average
man
who
had
both.
我从来没有见过优秀的人缺少这两种品质。我也从未见过一个普通人同时拥有这两种品质。
（2014福建卷）Strange
as
it
may
seem,
if
you’re
unsatisfied,
the
issue
is
not
a
lack
of
means
to
meet
your
desires
but
a
lack
of
desires—not
that
you
cannot
satisfy
your
tastes
but
that
you
don’t
have
enough
tastes.
这听起来很奇怪，如果你不满足，问题不是缺乏满足欲望的手段，而是缺乏欲望——不是你不能满足自己的品味，而是你的品味不够。
40.maintain
/me?n?te?n/
vt.维持；维修，保养（19）【原句背诵】Habits
like
these
put
stress
on
the
body,
and
if
they
are
maintained
(5)
over
the
long
term,
can
become
a
serious
health
risk.
The
two
countries
have
always
maintained
close
relations.
这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。The
house
is
large
and
difficult
to
maintain.
房子很大，难以养护。
41.announce
/??na?ns/
vt.宣布，宣告；通知（20）【原句背诵】We
are
happy
to
announce
that
the
Community
Sports
Center
will
soon
be
open
to
the
public
once
again!【拓展】announce
sthg.(to
sb.)
宣布，宣告（决定、计划等）It
is
announced
that….宣布……announcement
n.
公告；宣告；发表to
make
an
announcement
发表公告【误区】表示“通知某人某事”时，不能用announce
sb.
sthg.，而要用announce
to
sb.
sthg./announce
sthg.
to
sb.。
The
government
yesterday
announced
to
the
media
plans
to
create
a
million
new
jobs.
政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作的计划。It
was
announced
that
the
flight
would
be
delayed.
广播通知，该航班将晚点。Today’s
announcement
of
a
peace
agreement
came
after
weeks
of
discussion.
经过几周的讨论之后，今天公布了和平协议。
【链接高考】（2011北京卷）So
when
our
retirement
community（社区）announced
that
they
were
having
an
essay
competition
and
the
topic
was
an
experience
of
a
lifetime
that
you
wanted
to
have,
I
decided
to
write
about
my
dream.
当我们的退休社区宣布他们要举办一场作文比赛，题目是你想拥有的人生经历，我决定写我的梦想。
42.put
finishing
touches
to对……进行最后的润色或修饰（20）43.update
/??p?de?t/
vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息
n.最新消息（20）【原句背诵】The
finishing
touches
are
now
being
put
to
a
new
swimming
pool
and
our
workout
rooms
have
been
updated
with
modern
equipment.
I’m
almost
done
with
the
painting.
I
just
need
to
put
on
the
finishing
touches.
那幅画我几乎快完成了。我只需要画龙点睛。He
was
back
in
the
office,
updating
the
work
schedule
on
the
computer.
他回到办公室，在计算机上更新了工作日程。It’s
about
time
we
updated
our
software.
我们的软件应该更新了。We’ll
update
you
on
the
day’s
top
news
stories.
我们将向你提供当天的头条新闻。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）For
the
biggest
stadiums
in
the
world,
we
have
used
data
supplied
by
the
World
Atlas
list
so
far,
which
ranks
them
by
their
stated
permanent
capacity,
as
well
as
updated
information
from
official
stadium
websites.
对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据体育场所声明的永久容量以及来自体育场官方网站的最新信息，给它们进行排名。
44.in
response
to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复（20）45.replace
/r??ple?s/
vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新（20）【原句背诵】In
response
to
public
interest,
our
aerobics
class
has
been
replaced
with
several
fun
options,
including
modern
dance.【拓展】replace
sb./sthg.
(with/by
sb./sthg.)
（用…）替换；（以…）接替replacement
n.
更换；替代，替换
Millions
of
people
gave
freely
in
response
to
the
appeal
for
the
victims
of
the
earthquake.为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，几百万人慷慨相助。The
new
design
will
eventually
replace
all
existing
models.
新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。It
is
not
a
good
idea
to
miss
meals
and
replace
them
with
snacks.
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）Since
the
effects
were
small,
this
may
suggest
that
our
creative
thinking
does
not
differ
that
much
in
response
to
total
silence
and
85
decibels
of
background
noise.
由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维对绝对安静和85分贝的背景噪音的反应并没有太大的差别。
46.athlete
/??θli?t/
n.运动员【原句背诵】We
will
invite
professional
athletes
to
be
our
coaches.【拓展】athletic
adj.
运动的；运动员的an
athletic
figure/build
健壮的体形╱体格
He’s
a
talented
athlete
who
competes
nationally
and
internationally.
他是一位有才华的运动员，既参加国内比赛，也参加国际比赛。
47.boxing
/?b?ks??/
n.拳击运动（21）48.champion
/?t??mpi?n/
n.冠军，第一名（21）【原句背诵】I
tried
out
the
boxing
class
and
I
love
it!
The
coach,
who
was
a
boxing
champion,
was
patient
and
professional.
【拓展】championship
n.
锦标赛；冠军地位
She
held
the
title
of
world
champion
for
three
years.
她保持了三年的世界冠军头衔。He
won
a
silver
medal
at
the
European
Championships.
他获得了欧洲锦标赛的银牌。They’ve
held
the
championship
for
the
past
two
years.
他们在过去的两年里一直保持着冠军地位。
49.cour
/k??t/t
n.球场；法院，法庭；宫廷（21）【原句背诵】I
love
playing
basketball
and
I
hope
a
basketball
court
will
be
built
in
the
near
future.
He
won
after
only
52
minutes
on
court.
他上场仅52分钟就赢得了胜利。The
case
was
settled
out
of
court
(=
a
decision
was
reached
without
a
trial).
这案件已庭外和解。
50.under
the
weather略有不适，不舒服（23）【原句背诵】I’ve
been
feeling
a
bit
under
the
weather
recently:
generally
tired
and
not
myself.
She’s
going
to
stay
home
because
she
is
a
bit
under
the
weather.
她打算待在家里，因为她有点身体不舒服。
51.plus
/pl?s/
conj.而且，此外
prep.加；和（23）【原句背诵】Plus
I
take
part
in
a
lot
of
after-school
activities.
Two
plus
five
is
seven.
二加五等于七。
The
cost
is￡22,
plus￡1
for
postage.
费用为22英镑，另加1英镑的邮费。
52.nearby
/?n???ba?/
adj.附近的，邻近的
adv.在附近，不远（23）53.gym
/d??m/
n.健身房，体育馆（23）【原句背诵】I
just
can’t
afford
to
sign
up
for
classes
in
the
nearby
gym.
There
were
complaints
from
nearby
residents.
附近的居民有些怨言。He
might
easily
have
been
seen
by
someone
who
lived
nearby.
他可能很容易被住在附近的人看到。The
school
has
recently
built
a
new
gym.
学校最近新建了一个体育馆。
54.partner
/?pɑ?tn?(r)/
n.搭档，同伴；伙伴；合伙人（23）【原句背诵】Imagine
jogging
along
the
same
path
every
morning,
repeating
the
same
movement
day
after
day
and
having
no
one
to
talk
to!
I’m
pretty
sure
I
would
soon
give
up
without
a
partner.
Her
partner
for
the
game
was
Venus
Williams.
她的比赛搭挡是维纳斯?威廉姆斯。Spain
has
been
one
of
Cuba’s
major
trading
partners.
西班牙一直是古巴的主要贸易伙伴之一。
55.position
/p??z??n/
n.处境；位置；姿势；观点；地位（23）【原句背诵】What
would
you
do
in
my
position?
Looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
【拓展】in
position
就位；在适当的位置；在原位in
the
position
of
处在……位置上【误区】position用作动词时，意思是“安置；把……放在适当的位置”。Large
television
screens
were
positioned
at
either
end
of
the
stadium.
体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕。
From
his
position
on
the
cliff
top,
he
had
a
good
view
of
the
harbor.
他在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。Make
sure
that
you
are
working
in
a
comfortable
position.
工作时一定要保持舒适的姿势。He’s
going
to
be
in
a
very
difficult
position
if
things
go
badly
for
him.
如果情况变糟的话，他处境将非常困难。
【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）In
a
wired
world
with
constant
global
communication,
we're
all
positioned
to
see
flashes
of
genius
wherever
they
appear.
在全球通讯的网络世界里，我们在任何地方都能看到天才的出现。
（2019全国卷I）Through
the
Summer
Employment
Opportunities
program,
students
are
hired
each
year
in
a
variety
of
summer
positions
across
the
Provincial
Public
Service,
its
related
agencies
and
community
groups.
通过暑期就业机会项目，学生每年都会在省级公共服务机构、相关机构和社区团体中担任各种暑期职位。
56.
hesitate
/?hez?te?t/
vi.犹豫，迟疑（25）【原句背诵】When
my
friend
first
suggested
that
we
join
the
new
Tai
Chi
Club
at
school,
I
hesitated.【拓展】hesitate
to
do
sthg.
迟疑做某事；不愿做某事hesitate
about/
over
对…
犹豫不决hesitation
n.
犹豫；迟疑不决without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地have
no
hesitation
in
doing
sthg.
毫不犹豫地做某事hesitant
adj.
迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不决的be
hesitant
about
(doing)
对(做)某事犹豫be
hesitant
to
do
sthg.
不愿做某事
I
didn’t
hesitate
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。In
the
event
of
difficulties,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
our
Customer
Service
Department.
如有困难，请不要迟疑，与我们的客户服务部联系。I
have
no
hesitation
in
recommending
her
for
the
job.
我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。The
great
majority
of
players
would,
of
course,
sign
the
contract
without
hesitation.
绝大多数运动员当然会毫不犹豫地签这份合同。Doctors
are
hesitant
to
comment
on
the
new
treatment.
医生们不愿对新疗法作出评论。
【链接高考】（2013全国卷I）But
I
wouldn’t
hesitate
to
spend
on
a
good
haircut.
但我在漂亮的发型上舍得花钱。
57.
admit
/?d?m?t/
vt.
&
vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入（25）【原句背诵】After
the
first
class,
however,
I
had
to
admit
that
I
had
been
wrong
about
tai
chi.【拓展】admit
(doing/
having
done)
sthg.
admit
to
sb.
that…
向某人承认…admit
sb.
to/
into
允许某人进入admission
n.
承认；入场费；进入许可gain
admission
to
获准进入an
admission
of
guilt/failure/defeat
承认有罪╱失败╱被击败admission
charges/prices
入场费╱票价
None
of
these
people
will
admit
responsibility
for
their
actions.
这些人中没有人原意承认为他们的行为负有的责任。It
was
generally
admitted
that
the
government
had
acted
too
quickly.
普遍认为，政府行动过急。I
couldn’t
admit
to
my
parents
that
I
was
finding
the
course
difficult.
我无法向父母实话实说，我觉得这门课程很难。You
will
not
be
admitted
to
the
theatre
after
the
performance
has
started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
【链接高考】（2020全国卷II）Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到使用海狸鼠皮草在道德上是可以接受的。
58.
inspire
/?n?spa??(r)/
vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生（感觉或情感）（25）59.
explore
/?k?spl??(r)/
vt.
&
vi.探究，探索；勘探，勘察（25）【原句背诵】Just
as
importantly,
practicing
tai
chi
has
inspired
me
to
explore
the
Chinese
culture
behind
it.
【拓展】inspire
sb.
with
sthg./
inspire
sthg.
in
sb.
用某事激励某人inspire
sb.
to
do
sthg.
激励某人做某事inspiration
n.
灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事)
inspiring
adj.
鼓舞人心的
inspired
adj.
受到鼓舞的；有灵感的exploration
n.
探测；探究；踏勘
explorer
n.
探险家；勘探者；探测器
We
must
promote
originality,
inspire
creativity
and
encourage
innovation.
我们必须提倡独创性，激发创造力，鼓励创新。You
will
inspire
others
to
follow
their
own
dreams,
even
if
they
know
nothing
about
you.
你会鼓舞他人去追随他们自己的梦想，即使他们对你一无所知。We
will
explore
every
avenue
until
we
find
an
answer.
我们要探索一切途径，直到找到答案为止。The
increasing
number
of
young
people
are
willing
to
explore
the
outside
world.
越来越多的年轻人愿意去探索外部世界。Dreams
can
be
a
rich
source
of
inspiration
for
an
artist.
梦可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）The
admiration
and
respect
his
uncle
earned
inspired
Nielsen
to
make
a
career
(职业)
in
acting.
对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。
（2021全国甲卷）But
we
want
to
go
beyond
one
man
and
explore
the
nature
of
genius
itself.
但我们想超越一个人，去探索天才的本性。
60.
crane
/kre?n/
n.鹤61.
rooster
/ɑ?(r)/
n.雄鸡【原句背诵】The
first
few
tai
chi
classes
were
fun
and
easy,
and
the
moves
really
caught
my
imagination,
with
descriptive
names
like
“white
crane
spreading
its
wings”
and
“golden
rooster
standing
on
one
leg”.
62.inspiration
/??nsp??re??n/
n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）（25）【参考词条58
inspire】【原句背诵】Zhang
Sanfeng,
a
13th-century
Taoist,
was
said
to
have
invented
tai
chi
after
drawing
inspiration
from
a
fight
between
a
snake
and
a
bird.
【链接高考】（2020新高考I卷）Jennifer
is
a
first-generation
graduate
and
an
inspiration
to
her
family--and
that’s
pretty
powerful.
詹妮弗是第一代毕业生，她的家庭受到了鼓舞——这很有影响力。（2019全国卷III）For
Western
designers,
China
and
its
rich
culture
have
long
been
an
inspiration
for
Western
creative.
对于西方设计师来说，中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感来源。
63.nowadays
/?na??de?z/
adv.现今，现在（25）64.master
/?mɑ?st?(r)/
n.大师，能手；主人
vt.
精通，掌握；控制（25）【原句背诵】However,
nowadays
people
tend
to
believe
that
Chen
Wangting,
a
17th-century
master
of
Chinese
martial
arts,
developed
tai
chi
based
on
martial
skills.
Professor
Liu
Daoyi
is
a
master
of
the
English
language.
刘道义教授是一名英语语言专家。Duff
soon
mastered
the
skills
of
radio
production.
达夫很快掌握了广播节目制作的技能。
65.
no
wonder不足为奇，并不奇怪（25）66.
imitate
/??m?te?t/
vt.模仿；仿效（25）【原句背诵】No
wonder
some
tai
chi
moves
are
named
after
animals—Chinese
martial
arts
have
a
long-standing
practice
of
imitating
animals.【拓展】imitation
n.
模仿，仿造；仿制品
Brad
was
Jane’s
brother!
No
wonder
he
reminded
me
so
much
of
her!
布拉德是简的哥哥！难怪他很多方面让我想起她！Teachers
provide
a
model
for
children
to
imitate.
教师是孩子仿效的典范。No
computer
can
imitate
the
complex
functions
of
the
human
brain.
任何计算机都无法模拟人脑的复杂功能。
【链接高考】（2012福建卷）Put
simply,
the
existence
of
mirror
neurons
suggests
that
every
time
we
see
someone
else
do
something,
our
brains
imitate
it,
whether
or
not
we
actually
perform
the
same
action.
简单地说，镜像神经元的存在表明，每当我们看到别人做某事时，我们的大脑就会模仿它，不管我们是否真的在做同样的动作。
67.
ache
/e?k/
vi.
&
vt.疼痛，隐痛（26）【原句背诵】After
learning
the
basics
of
tai
chi
in
those
first
few
classes,
I
found
myself
bored
and
aching
from
doing
the
same
moves
over
and
over
again.
【熟词生义】ache
vt.&vi.渴望ache
for
sb./sthg.
渴望ache
to
do
sthg.渴望做某事68.satisfaction
/?s?t?s?f?k?n/
n.满意；满足，达到（26）【原句背诵】With
these
requirements
of
tai
chi
in
mind,
I
found
to
my
satisfaction
that
my
balance
and
flexibility
slowly
improved,
that
I
was
able
to
do
more
difficult
moves,
and
that
my
love
for
tai
chi
returned
stronger
than
ever.
【拓展】gain/get/derive
satisfaction
from
sthg.
从某事中得到满足感look/smile
of
satisfaction
心满意足的表情╱笑容with
satisfaction
满意地to
one’s
satisfaction
让人感到满意的是satisfy
v.令人满意；令人满足
satisfy
sb.
使某人满意satisfy
sthg.
满足某物（要求、需要等）satisfy
sb.
of
sthg.
使某人相信某事satisfactory
adj.
满意的
a
satisfactory
explanation/answer/solution/
conclusion
令人满意的解释；站得住脚的回答；可行的解决办法；足以服人的结论
Her
eyes
ached
from
lack
of
sleep.
她的眼睛因睡眠不足而隐隐作痛。My
leg
is
giving
me
much
less
pain
but
still
aches
when
I
sit
down.
我的腿疼痛减轻了许多，但是当我坐下时还是会疼。I
was
aching
for
home.
我很想回家。We
ached
to
see
the
newly-released
film.我们急切想观看新发行的电影。Both
sides
expressed
satisfaction
with
the
progress
so
far.
双方都对目前的进展表示满意。Seeing
the
young
trees
we
planted
waving
in
the
gentle
wind,
all
of
us
laughed
with
great
satisfaction.
看见我们种的小树在微风中摇曳，我们都非常满意地笑了。The
education
system
must
satisfy
the
needs
of
all
children.
教育系统必须满足所有儿童的需要。The
affair
was
settled
to
the
complete
satisfaction
of
the
client.
问题解决了，客户十分满意。
【链接高考】（2018天津卷）These
provide
information
on
the
numbers
of
students
who
finished
the
course,
student
satisfaction
and
more.
这些数据提供了完成课程的学生人数、学生满意度等信息。（2016浙江卷）I
have
noticed
three
effects
of
gossip:
it
can
hurt
people,
it
can
give
gossipers
a
strange
kind
of
satisfaction,
and
it
can
cause
social
pressures
in
a
group.
我注意到八卦的三个影响：它会伤害别人，它会给八卦的人一种奇怪的满足感，它会给群体带来社会压力。
69.
root
/ru?t/
vt.
&
vi.（使）生根
n.根，根茎；根源，起因（26）70.be
rooted
in起源于（26）71.
philosophy
/f??l?s?fi/
n.哲学（26）72.
unity
/?ju?n?ti/
n.统一体，联合体，整体；团结一致，联合，统一
（26）【原句背诵】In
time,
I
began
to
look
into
the
ancient
Chinese
culture
behind
tai
chi.
I
discovered
that
tai
chi
is
deeply
rooted
in
the
Chinese
philosophy
of
yin
and
yang,
which
are
believed
to
form
the
unity
of
opposite.
Most
plants
will
root
in
about
six
to
eight
weeks.
大多数植物会在六到八周内生根。We
got
to
the
root
of
the
problem.
我们触及了这个问题的根源。The
crisis
is
rooted
in
deep
rivalries
between
the
two
groups.
这次危机的根源在于两个集团间的严重对立。The
best
philosophy
is
to
change
your
food
habits
to
a
low-sugar
diet.
最好的生活方式是将你的饮食习惯改成食用低糖食品。
【链接高考】（2015广东卷）This
suggests
that
British
attitudes
towards
accent
have
deep
roots
and
are
based
on
class
prejudice.
这表明，英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见。
（2014浙江卷）This
craft-based
theory
is
rooted
in
history.
工艺基础理论是有其历史根源的。
73.exist
/?ɡ?z?st/
vi.存在；生活，生存【原句背诵】Neither
can
exist
independent
of
the
other;
for
example,
there
is
no
shadow
without
light.【拓展】existence
n.
存在；生存，生活；存在物come
into
existence出现；成立；产生
Does
life
exist
on
other
planets?
其他行星上有生命吗？If
society
is
to
exist
as
a
unity,
its
members
must
have
shared
values.
社会若要成为一个统一的群体，它的成员就必须有共同的价值观。Perhaps
this
can
partly
explain
the
existence
of
left-handers
in
human
societies.
也许这可以部分解释人类社会中左撇子的存在。
【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）I
felt
a
sort
of
awe
(敬畏)
at
the
possibilities
that
existed
in
his
world.
我对他的生活中存在的种种可能性感到一种敬畏。
（2018天津卷）A
key
element
of
creativity
is
applying
existing
knowledge
to
a
new
problem.
创造力的一个关键要素是将现有的知识应用到新问题上。
74.
backwards
/?b?kw?dz/
adv.向后；朝反方向（26）75.
breathe
/bri??/
vi.
&
vt.呼吸；呼出（26）【原句背诵】The
practice
of
tai
chi
aims
to
maintain
the
balance
of
yin
and
yang
in
the
body
through
opposite
movements:
forwards
and
backwards,
up
and
down,
left
and
right,
breathe
in
and
breathe
out.
【拓展】breathe
in
吸入breathe
out
呼出breath
n.
呼吸，气息take
a
deep
breath
深呼吸out
of
breath
喘不过气来，上气不接下气a
breath
of
fresh
令人耳目一新的人（或事物、地方）
I
lost
my
balance
and
fell
backwards.
我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。Most
people
don’t
realize
that
they
are
breathing
polluted
air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。He
stood
there
breathing
deeply
and
evenly.
他站在那里深深地、均匀地呼吸。
【链接高考】（2012陕西卷）Eating
too
much
fatty
food,
exercising
too
little
and
smoking
can
raise
your
future
risk
of
heart
disease.
But
there
is
another
factor
that
can
cause
your
heart
problems
more
immediately:
the
air
you
breathe.
吃太多的高脂肪食物、锻炼太少和吸烟会增加你未来患心脏病的风险。但还有另一个因素会更直接地导致你的心脏问题：你呼吸的空气。
76.diagram
/?da??ɡr?m/
n.简图，图解，图表，示意图（27）【原句背诵】From
the
diagram,
we
can
also
see
that
40%
of
students
exercise
less
than
once
a
week
or
never
exercise.
【拓展】diagrammatic
adj.
图解的；图表的；概略的