2022届高考英语二轮语法复复习：定语从句专题课件（56张ppt）

(共56张PPT)
定语从句
语法专题复习
I.
What
is
the
Attribute?
用来修饰,限定名词/代词的句子成分叫做定语。
定语通常由形容词、名词、副词、数词或动词的非谓语形式担任。
a
handsome
young
man
a
shoe
store
the
questions
above
a
developing
country
spoken
English
二
定语从句
1.
含义
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
Mary
is
a
girl
who
has
long
hair.
修饰girl
This
is
the
classroom
where
we
study.
修饰classroom
Attributive
Clause
概念;
先行词；关系词
Mary
is
a
girl
who
has
long
hair.
定语从句
先行词
关系词
关系词
关系代词
:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑
whose
、as
关系副词:where﹑when﹑why
引导定语从句的关系词
指地点
where
指时间
when
指原因
why
关系代词
关系副词
指代人
who，whom，that，as
指代事物
which，that,
as
所属关系
whose
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人
who，that,
as
　　
　whom
指代事物
which，that,
as
　　所属关系
whose　
指地点
where
指时间
when
指原因
why
关系代词
关系副词
作主、宾语
作宾语
作主、宾语
作定语
作状语
指人
指物
主语
宾语
that
which
who
whom
关系代词的用法
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
×
×
关系代词在从句中可以：
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
做题技巧：
1.
确定定语从句
2.看先行词是指人还是指物
3.
确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分
4.
确定关系代词
例
1.
The
man
__________
made
a
speech
yesterday
is
our
teacher.
that/who
指人:
that/who
(主语)
例2:
The
boy_________________
the
nurse
is
looking
after
is
my
friend.
(who/whom/that)
指人:
who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)
例3:
The
car________________
was
damaged
yesterday
is
red.
that/which
指物:
that/which
(主语)
例4:
The
question_______________
I
don’t
understand
is
about
grammar.
(that/which)
指物:
that/which
(宾语,可省略)
一　只能使用that的情况
?
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,
但在下列情况下,
一般只用that而不用which。
I
am
sure
she
has
something
(that)
you
can
borrow.
(1)
当先行词是all,
everything,
nothing,
anything,
something
,
little,
few
,
much
等不定代词时
I’d
like
to
do
everything(
that)
I
can
do
to
help
you.
2)当先行词被all,
every,
no,
some,
any,
little,
much
,few
等不定代词修饰时.
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
are
not
mine.
I
could
find
no
words
that
could
express
my
feelings
at
that
time.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
(4)先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
last,
the
same,
just
the修饰。
This
is
the
very
pen
that
I
am
looking
for.
He
was
the
only
person
that
knew
how
to
open
the
safe.
Henry
Ford
was
the
first
man
that
built
cars.
Avatar
(阿凡达)
is
the
most
exciting
3
D
film
that
is
being
shown
all
over
the
world.
(6)
有who,
which的疑问句中的定语从句用that
。
Who
is
the
girl
that
drove
the
car?
Which
is
the
book
（that）you
bought
last
week?
(5)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物,
用关系代词that
We
were
deeply
impressed
by
the
teachers
and
the
schools
（that
）we
had
visited
there.
二　只用Who的情况
先行词为指人的he,
one,
ones,
no
one,
anyone,
anybody,
those
时。
God
helps
those
who
help
themselves.
He
who
doesn’t
reach
the
Great
Wall
is
not
a
true
man.
以下情况只可用who
三　只用which的情况
Yesterday
I
bought
a
dictionary,_______
cost
me
more
than
100
yuan
.
which
１)在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which。
1.
This
is
the
ring
on
________
she
spent
1000
dollars.
2.
Xiao
Wang
,with
________
I
went
to
the
concert,
enjoy
it
very
much.
which
whom
２)在介词后面，指事物用which,
指人用whom
四　Whose的使用情况
Which
baby
is
Jack?
穿白裤子的baby是Jack。
The
baby
is
Jack.
Jack
whose
trousers
are
white
Which
house
is
mine?
房顶是棕色的房子是我的。
The
house
is
mine.
My
house
whose
roof
is
brown
用正确的形式填空：
This
is
the
girl
_______
wallet
was
stolen
yesterday.
I
like
the
book
_______
cover
is
red.
whose
whose
Conclusion:
whose表示先行词的所属关系。既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语，其后紧跟名词。
五　as引导的定语从句
1.引导限定性定语从句：当先行词前有such、the
same
、
so时用作关系代词．
I
saw
the
same
dress
in
the
store
as
she
wore
the
day
before.
He
is
not
such
a
fool
as
he
looks.
2.引导非限定性定语从句：引导的定语从句
说明整个主句。
意为：“正如……”
、“好像……”
As
is
known
to
all,
the
moon
travels
around
the
earth.
He
studies
very
hard,
as
we
know.
其他常见结构如
as
is
expected/reported
/mentioned
above
…
as
we
all
see/know，
as
is
often
the
case(情况常常是这样）
六　Where
的用法
Where
引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用where引导定语从句。
Where在从句中做状语。
This
is
the
town
where
I
spent
my
childhood.
I’ll
show
you
the
point
where
you
failed.
注意事项
当先行词是case,
condition,
situation,
position,
point,
stage,
degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。
He
had
to
face
the
condition
where
pressure
was
heavy.
It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
where
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
当先行词是case,
condition,
situation,
position,
point,
stage,
degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。
注意
1
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The
library
________the
students
often
study
was
on
fire
last
night.
The
library,
_______
was
built
in
the
1930s,needs
repairing.
The
library
you
visited
yesterday
was
built
in
1990.
where
which
(which/that)
并非所有地点名词作先行词都用where作关系词；关键是看它在定语从句中所做的成分．
即：做主语、宾语用which、that
　　做状语用where
七　When
的用法
When
引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句,
在从句中作状语。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
(=
on
which
)
I
met
you.
We
will
put
off
the
outing
until
next
week,
when
we
won’t
be
busy.
注意３：
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
_______
we
first
met
in
the
park.
I’ll
never
forget
the
time
_________
I
spent
on
　　　　campus.
I’ll
never
forget
the
time
__________
was
spent
with
you.
when
（which\that）
which\that
八　Why
的用法
why引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。Why在从句中作状语。
This
is
the
reason
why
(
=
for
which
)
I
didn’t
come
here.
但是也要注意：不是每句都能这样。
The
reason
she
told
us
was
not
true.
（which\that）
Do
you
know
why?
1.I’ll
never
forget
the
days______________
we
worked
together.
2.I’ll
never
forget
the
days
___________
we
spent
together.
3.I
went
to
the
place
I
worked
ten
years
ago.
4.I
went
to
the
place
_____________
I
visited
ten
years
ago.
5.This
is
the
reason
_____________________
he
was
late.
6.This
is
the
reason
________________
he
told
us.
when
which
where
(which/that)
why
that/which
几种易混的情况
关系代词
修饰
成分（从句）
省略
which
that
who
whom
whose
物
人、物
人
人
人、物
主、宾语
主、宾语
主、宾语
宾语
定语
在从句中作宾语时可以省略
连接词：
关系副词
修饰
成分（从句）
省略
when
where
why
表时间的名词
表地点的名词
reason
在从句中作状语，从句不能缺主语或宾语
不可省略
总结关系词的用法：
关系词在定语从句中做_________________时，用关系代词(which,
who,
whom,
that,
whose,as)引导定语从句。
关系词在定语从句中做_________时，用关系副词(when,
where,
why)引导定语从句。
主语、宾语、或定语
状语
定语从句的几种特殊情况
１限制性定语从名和非限制性定语从句
２定语从句与并列句
3.介词+关系代词
一　非限制性定语从句
The
town
where
I
live
is
beautiful.
Shangqiu,
where
I
live,
is
beautiful.
Teachers
who
are
kind
are
popular
with
the
students.
Mr
Wang,
who
is
kind,
is
popular
with
the
students.
Please
compare:
形式
作用
能否省略
翻译
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
一　非限制性定语从句
The
town
where
I
live
is
beautiful.
Shangqiu
,
where
I
live,
is
beautiful.
Teachers
who
are
kind
are
popular
with
the
students.
Mr
Wang,
who
is
kind,
is
popular
with
the
students.
Please
compare:
形式
作用
翻译
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
用逗号隔开
修饰限定
补充解释
能
不能
….的
能否省略
二　定语从句与并列句
注意：并列句用分号（；）和连接词and,
but来连接
1.
Mr.
Li
has
three
daughters,
none
of
_________is
an
engineer.
2.
Mr.
Li
has
three
daughters,
but
none
of
________
is
a
dancer.
3.
Mr.
Li
has
three
daughters;
________
are
doctors.
whom
them
none
they
非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
2.He
failed
in
the
exam._______
made
his
parents
angry.
3.He
failed
in
the
exam,
_______made
his
parents
angry.
4.He
has
two
sons.
Both
of
________
are
teachers.
5.He
has
two
sons,
both
of
________
are
teachers.
It
which
whom
them
×
that
1.I
am
reading
Harry
Porter,
_____is
an
interesting
book.
which
介词+关系代词的情况
1
The
man
whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
介词+关系代词的情况
2
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
介词+关系代词的情况
3
The
man
who/whom
you
spoke
was
a
scientist.
The
city
that/which
she
lives
is
far
away.
to
in
×
×
Are
these
two
sentences
right?
可见,who、that
不能用与介词之后
介词+关系代词的情况
4
Is
this
the
watch
that
you
are
looking
for?
The
old
man
whom
I
am
looking
after
is
better
.
在固定短语中介词不能提前
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
1.?
Do
you
like
the
book
she
spent
$10?
2.?
Do
you
like
the
book
she
paid
$10?
3.?
Do
you
like
the
book
she
learned
a
lot?
4.?
Do
you
like
the
book
she
often
talks?
5.?
He
built
a
telescope
he
could
study
the
skies.
6.
There
is
a
tall
tree
outside,
stands
our
teacher.
7.?
China
has
a
lot
of
rivers,
the
second
longest
_______
is
the
Yellow
River.
8.
The
man
________
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
9.
He
paid
the
boy
$10
for
washing
ten
windows,
most
______
hadn’t
been
cleaned
for
at
least
a
year.
on
which
for
which
from
which
about
which
through
which
under
which
of
which
to
whom
of
which
介词+关系代词的情况
练习
I
don’t
like
the
way
______________he
speaks
to
me.
He
has
given
you
the
way
_________
is
best
to
solve
the
problem.
(in
which/that
)
that
Correct
the
sentences:
1.
I’m
using
the
pen
which
he
bought
it
yesterday.
2.Taiwan,
that
we
know,
belongs
to
China.
3.
The
man
whom
I
spoke
is
from
Canada.
4.
July
1,1999
is
the
day
when
we’ll
never
forget
Ⅴ
﹨
to
﹨
as
____
Correct
the
sentences:
5.
I
still
remember
the
holidays
I
stayed
with
them.
6.
I’m
going
to
work
in
the
hospital
where
needs
me.
7.
Those
that
haven’t
been
to
the
West
Lake
will
gather
at
the
school
gate.
8.
I
don’t
like
the
way
which
you
talked
to
your
friend.
in
when
____
who
___
that/which
^
^