(共14张PPT)
Period
2
Using
language
Unit
6
At
one
with
nature
1.
To
understand
the
important
sentence
patterns
and
learn
to
use
them.
2.
To
learn
the
usage
of
some
important
words.
3.
To
practise
the
language
points.
Learning
aims
Leading
in
This
is
the
place
where
we
lived
for
5
years.
I
know
the
reason
why
he
did
so.
I
remember
the
day
when
we
met.
in
the
place
for
the
reason
on
the
day
What
do
“where”,
“why”
and
“when”
refer
to?
(1)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用‘介词+关系代词’引导定语从句。如果关系代词在句中指人，则用“介词+
whom”；如果指物，则用“介词+
which”。
The
man
by
whom
the
thief
was
caught
was
a
good
policeman.
那个抓住小偷的男人是个优秀的警察。
Grammar
定语从句——介词+关系代词
名师点津（1）when
=at
/
in
/
during
/
on
+
which
（2）where
=in
/
at
/
on
+
which
（3）why
=for
+
which
The
date
when
I
joined
the
army
was
October
12，1960.
The
date
on
I
joined
the
army
was
October
12，
1960.
The
house
in
which
Mark
lived
is
now
a
library.
The
house
Mark
lived
is
now
a
library.
Is
that
the
reason
why
she
suddenly
changed
her
mind?
Is
that
the
reason
for
she
suddenly
changed
her
mind?
which
where
which
This
is
the
reason
for
_______
I
was
praised
by
my
chemistry
teacher.
【即学即练】
which
(2)
介词选用的规则
介词的选择要根据其与先行词的关系以及句意决定，在定语从句中，经常可以根据谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定介词。
from
to
This?is?the?book
_______?which?I?got
the?story.
Tom
is
the
very
person
____
whom
I
will
turn
when
in
trouble.
【即学即练】
③
I
remember
the
day
which
I
settled
in
China.
I
remember
the
days
which
I
lived
here.
I
remember
the
month
which
I
stayed
there.
on
during
in
This
is
the
book
which
I
spent
5
dollars.
This
is
the
book
which
I
paid
5
dollars.
This
is
the
book
which
I
learnt
a
lot.
This
is
the
book
which
Tom
often
talks.
My
computer，
which
I
can’t
surf
the
Internet，crashed
yesterday.
This
is
the
man
to
whom
you
could
turn
for
help.
This
is
the
man
you
could
for
help.
on
for
from
about
without
whom
turn
to
(3)
其他注意事项
含有介词的动词固定短语在定语从句中一般不拆开，在这种情况下，介词仍然放在后面，如hear
from,
look
after等。而在介词处于句尾时，句中的关系代词可以省略。
I
met
the
child
whom
I
looked
after
ten
years
ago.
我遇到了十年前我照料过的那个孩子。
I
wanted
to
visit
the
house
which
my
grandparents
Iived
in.
我想去看看我祖父母曾经居住过的房子。
where
引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句
地点状语从句
地点状语从句
判断下列句中的where
从句是定语从句还是状语从句
（１）Is
there
a
shop
around
where
（=in
which）I
can
blow
my
bike
tyres
up?
______________________
（２）Where
there
is
a
will，there
is
a
way.
______________________
（３）We
should
go
where
we
are
needed.
______________________
【即学即练】
Summary
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句:介词
+
which/whom
定语从句中介词的选择:根据其与先行词的关系以及句意决定
Exercises
Complete
the
sentences
with
preposition+
whom
or
preposition+
which.
Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
________we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
Gun
control
is
a
subject
_____________
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
He
was
educated
at
a
local
grammar
school,
_____________
he
went
on
to
Cambridge.
There
are
species
living
in
the
depths
of
the
oceans
__________
we
still
know
little.
5.
Today’s
English
learners
have
a
wide
choice
of
dictionaries
____________
to
choose.
to
which
about
which
after
which
of
which
from
which
6.
A
good
advertisement
often
uses
words
_________
people
attach
positive
meanings．
7.
The
position,
however,
_________
you
are
applying,
is
not
quite
a
well-paid
one.
8.
In
the
end,
it
was
Becky
_________
he
turned
for
a
gentle
word
and
a
smile.
9.
American
women
usually
identify
their
best
friend
as
someone
____________
they
can
talk
frequently.
10.In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
________
half
wear
glasses.
for
which
to
whom
with
whom
of
whom
to
which
Nature
never
deceives
us,
it’s
always
us
who
deceive
ourselves.
大自然从不会欺骗我们，欺骗我们的常常是我们自己。(共37张PPT)
Unit
6
Learning
aims
1.
To
find
out
the
topic
sentence
of
each
paragraph
and
know
the
structure
of
the
passage.
2.
To
have
a
better
understanding
of
the
characteristics
of
exposition(说明文).
3.
To
paraphrase
the
sentence
by
reconstructing
the
key
information
4.
To
form
the
sense
of
living
in
harmony
with
nature.
What
is
the
video
about?
British
gardens
How
much
do
you
know
about
British
gardens?
b
c
b
What
do
you
think
is
mentioned
in
the
passage?
Fast
reading
Scan
the
passage
and
answer
the
question.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
A.
All
the
British
people
love
gardening.
B.
Rich
people
love
to
build
their
own
gardens.
C.
The
British
show
their
love
to
gardening.
D.
The
gardening
is
beneficial
to
the
environment.
Choose
the
topic
sentences
d
c
b
a
Careful
reading
Read
the
passage
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1.
From
paragraph
1,
we
can
learn
_______.
A.
the
world
looks
like
a
real
garden
B.
many
British
people’s
fingers
are
green
C.
all
rich
people
in
Britain
have
a
garden
D.
today
many
British
people
spend
their
free
time
gardening
2.
Why
do
people
turn
their
rooftops
or
walls
into
gardens?
A.
The
flowers
on
the
rooftops
are
more
beautiful.
B.
The
space
that
can
be
used
is
limited.
C.
The
flowers
on
the
rooftops
can
improve
air
quality.
D.
The
local
government
requires
it.
3.
Which
one
of
the
benefits
of
gardening
is
not
acceptable
according
to
the
passage?
A.
It
provides
a
chance
for
people
to
develop
their
interest
and
keep
fit.
B.
It
makes
the
country
more
beautiful
and
improves
air
quality.
C.
It
is
good
for
environment
as
well
as
for
the
soul.
D.
It
can
bring
you
a
lot
of
money.
The
book
The
Secret
Garden,
_________(publish)
in
1911,
inspires
people
to
plant
flowers.
But
before
that,
only
a
few
people
had
enough
money
_______(have)
gardens.
Later
on,
many
houses
have
been
built
_____
gardens.
This
is
what
started
the
British
love
of
gardening.
And
today
many
British
are
proud
of
their
“green
fingers”.
For
many
British,
their
garden
is
their
own
private
world.
In
spring,
children
like
to
find
the
_______(tall)
sunflowers.
Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses
and
some
people
spend
much
time
________(grow)
their
vegetables
for
competitions.
Some
are
happy
just
to
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
published
to
have
with
tallest
growing
课文拓展
However,
the
space
on
_______
to
grow
things
is
limited,
so
people
use
their
rooftops
and
walls
____
a
private
garden.
These
gardens
are
not
only
good
for
the
____________,
but
also
good
for
the
______.
Always
remember:
______
you
tend
a
rose,
a
thistle
can’t
grow.
which
as
Where
environment
soul
1.
expert
adj.
内行的，专家的 n.
专家，行家
Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses,
and
others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetabls
to
enter
into
competitions.
专业的园丁知道玫瑰生长的最佳位置,其他人则花费大量时间力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞争。
Language
points
an
expert
at/on/in……
在……方面的专家/
行家
be
expert
at/in（doing）
在（做）……方面在行
a
medical/technical
/financial
expert
医学/
技术/
金融专家
【知识归纳】
【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子
Linda
is
expert
finding
useful
information
about
study.
He
is
expert
computer
software.
Our
headmaster
is
____________（是……方面的专家）education.
It
is
said
that
the
old
man
is
____________（在……方面很在行）repairing
all
kinds
of
cars.
The
centre
provides
（专家咨询）for
people
with
financial
problems.
in/at
in/at
an
expert
in
is
expert
in
expert
advice
2.
limited
adj.
有限的
But
in
cities，limited
space
has
led
to
people
looking
for
new
solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。
limited
resources
/
time
有限的资源
/
时间
set
a
limit
to/on……
限制，控制
within（the）limits
不超出限度
limit...to...
把……限定在……
be
limited
to
限定在……
【知识归纳】
The
research
team
rented
an
apartment
and
began
to
study
the
structure
of
the
valley.
After
all，they
had
__________
(limit)
resources.
(2)
There
is
a
limit
what
one
person
can
tolerate.
(3)
My
knowledge
of
running
a
restaurant
is
(limit).
limited
to/on
limited
【即学即练】单句语法填空
3.
rent
v.
租用，租借；出租
n.
租金
Those
without
outside
space
can
rent
small
pieces
of
land
on
which
to
grow
things.
那些房屋没有外部空间的人们可以租用小块土地来种植作物。
(1)
rent
sth.
from
sb.
从某人那里租用某物
rent
sth.
out
to
sb.
把某物租给某人
(2)
a
month’s
rent
in
advance
预付的月租金
a
high/low/fair
rent
高的/
低的/
合理的租金
for
rent（尤用于告示）出租；招租
【知识归纳】
【易混辨析】
rent，hire
与
employ
(1)
rent“租用”，指长期租赁土地、房屋等；
(2)
hire
“雇用，租用”,
指按工作量或时间雇用人或租用物；
(3)
employ
“雇用”，指商店或公司长期雇用人。
【图解助记】
选词填空（rent
/
employ
/
hire）/完成句子
The
four
of
us
a
flat
together
to
save
our
house-paying.
We
two
workers
to
decorate
our
house.
We
both
male
and
female
workers.
They
an
office
in
the
city
with
the
purpose
of
running
a
business,
which
turned
out
to
be
a
great
success.
The
man
has
been
out
of
work
for
a
year，so
he
doesn’t
have
money
to
（付租金）.
My
dad
has
a
cottage
which
he
___________（向……
出租）tourists.
rented
hired
employed
rented
pay
the
rent
rents
out
to
【即学即练】
4.
benefit
n.
好处，益处
v.
使受益；得益于
What
are
the
benefits
of
gardening?
园艺的好处是什么？
be
of
benefit
to...=be
beneficial
to...
对……有益
for
the
benefit
of...
为了……的利益
benefit
sb./sth.
对某人/
某事物有益
benefit
from/by...
得益于……，从……中受益
beneficial
adj.
有益的，有利的，有帮助的
【知识归纳】
It
is
said
that
yoga
is
of
great
benefit
human
health.
In
other
words，we
can
benefit
_________
yoga.
Music
education
is
（benefit）and
important
to
all
the
students.
Taking
plenty
of
exercise
can
__________________（对……非常有好处）your
health.
China
has
been
pushing
the
reform
of
public
hospitals
______________（为了……的利益）all
its
citizens.
beneficial
be
of
great
benefit
to
for
the
benefit
of
from/by
【即学即练】单句语法填空/完成句子
to
5.
“否定词+比较级”
表达最高级的含义
And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass,
some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
尽管许多英国人最喜欢的事情莫过于在星期天修剪草坪，但也有的人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
“否定词+比较级”是一个比较重要的结构，它的字面意思是“不比……更……”,实际上表达的是最高级含义。常用的否定词有not,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
little,
no
等
句式分析
①There
is
nothing
___________
(tire)
than
not
succeeding.
As
a
student,
I
can
tell
you
that
there
is
nothing
________
(good)
than
being
praised
by
my
teacher
before
my
classmates.
我非常同意你的意见。
___________________________________________
我认为没有什么比读书更令人愉快的了。
_____________________________________________
better
I
couldn’t
agree
with
you
more.
I
think
nothing
is
more
pleasant
than
reading.
【即学即练】单句语法填空/翻译句子
more
tiring
Read
the
passage
and
underline
the
topic
sentence
of
each
paragraph.
Writing
Make
notes
under
the
headings.
Many
people
grow
their
very
own
tea
gardens
with
easy-to-grow
herbs.
mango,
strawberry,
apple,
pear,
blackberry
leaf
and
dandelion
It
can
help
people
relax.
It
can
help
people's
immune
systems.
It
can
be
good
for
digestion.
Write
a
summary
of
the
passage.
Use
the
notes
in
Activity
5
to
help
you.
Basic
requirements:
1.
No
comments
2.
No
details
3.
No
copying
4.
Coherence
What
should
a
good
summary
be
like?
A
summary
contains
only
the
main
ideas
(usually
from
topic
sentences)
A
summary
is
written
in
your
own
words.
A
summary
should
be
in
the
form
of
one
paragraph.
Can
we
add
our
own
opinions
by
using
some
terms
like
“I
think”
or
“in
my
opinion”？
How
to
rewrite
the
topic
sentences?
What
kind
of
linking
words
can
we
use
in
a
summary
to
connect
the
sentences?
What
kind
of
linking
words
can
you
use
in
a
summary
to
connect
the
sentences?
因果关系：so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as
a
result
条件关系：as(so)long
as，on
condition
that，if，unless
并列关系：first，second，third...
；
firstly，secondly，thirdly
；
first，next，then...
；
in
the
first
place，in
the
second
place...
；
for
one
thing，for
another
thing...
转折关系：however，nevertheless，though，yet,
otherwise
对比关系：on
the
contrary，in
contrast，by
contrast，in
comparison，by
comparison
层递关系：also，further，furthermore，likewise，similarly，moreover，in
addition，what’s
more
解释关系：for
example，for
instance，in
fact，actually
总结说明：in
conclusion，in
short，to
sum
up，to
conclude，in
a
word
Use
the
opposite
way
(正话反说)
Use
words
of
similar
meanings
(同义替换)
Change
the
part
of
speech
(词性转换)
Change
the
structure
of
a
sentence
(句型转换)
How
to
reconstruct/rewrite
the
topic
sentences?
Use
the
opposite
way
(正话反说)
Use
words
of
similar
meanings
(同义替换)
Change
the
part
of
speech
(词性转换)
Change
the
structure
of
a
sentence
(句型转换)
How
to
reconstruct/rewrite
the
topic
sentences?
One
possible
answer
Fruit
and
herbal
teas
British
people
love
to
make
tea
with
fruit
and
herbs.
Such
a
habit
is
so
popular
that
many
people
plant
easy-to-grow
herbs
in
their
own
tea
gardens.
There
are
many
flavours
of
fruit
and
herbal
teas,
including
traditional
lemon
and
ginger,
as
well
as
many
unusual
flavours
such
as
mango,
strawberry,
apple,
pear,
blackberry
leaf
and
dandelion.
Aside
from
the
variety
of
flavours,
herbal
tea
also
has
various
health
benefits.
Some
can
help
people
relax,
and
some,
like
ginger
tea,
are
good
for
the
immune
system,
while
others,
such
as
mint
tea,
are
beneficial
for
digestion.
Summary
词汇清单
核心短语
重点句式
认知词汇：sunflower,
thistle,
rent,
pleasant
拓展词汇：publish-publisher
limit-limited
improve-improvement
benefit-beneficial
energy-energetic
应用词汇：expert:
be
expert
in/at…
limited:
be
limited
to…
rent:
for
rent
1.be
beneficial
to…
2.be
limited
to…
“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
Exercise
单句语法填空
1.The
dictionary
is
out
of
date:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
______________
(publish).
2.[2019?浙江高考]
________
(expert)
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
3.[2018?全国I卷]
Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it’s
always
_________
(energy)
4.[2019?北京高考]
In
the
near
future，it’s
not
just
going
to
be
the
number
you
see
on
your
screen
that
will
be
_____
doubt.
5.
Parents
ought
to
be
able
to
opt
out(选择退出)
only
for
________
(limit)
medical
or
religious
reasons.
was
published
Experts
energetic
in
limited
单词拼写
1.When
are
you
going
to (出版)this
work
of
yours??
2.This
was
a
new
and
(愉快的)
day.?
3.My
father
grew
some
(向日葵)seeds
weeks
ago,
but
they
haven’t
come
up
yet.?
4.My
(园丁)
served
me
well
for
ten
years.?
5.She
has
got
many
(益处)from
the
experience.?
publish
pleasant
sunflower
gardener
benefits
选词填空
1.
people
believed
the
earth
was
the
centre
of
the
universe.?
2.Let’s
share
in
our
troubles
our
joys.?
3.The
teacher
handed
out
the
books
the
lesson.?
4.Problems
always
other
problems.?
5.I
have
no
wish
to
competitions
with
you.?
enter
into,
lead
to,
at
the
beginning
of,
at
that
time,
as
well
as
At
that
time
as
well
as
at
the
beginning
of
lead
to
enter
into(共56张PPT)
Unit
6
At
one
with
nature
必备词汇速记
【重点单词·快速记】
□wrap
vi.
&vt.
包,
裹
□sheet
n.
(冰或水等的)一大片
□dynasty
n.
朝代
□region
n.
地区,
区域
□therefore
adv.
因此,
由此
□steep
adj.
陡的,
陡峭的
□soil
n.
土壤
□shallow
adj.
浅的
□prevent
v.
阻挡,
防止
□design
v.
设计
□replace
v.
以……替换,
更换
□material
n.
材料
□living
adj.
活的,
活着的
□narrow
adj.
狭窄的,
不宽的
□climate
n.
气候
□inside
adv.
在(建筑物、房间)内
□publish
v.
出版
□expert
adj.
内行的,
专家的
□branch
n.
树枝
□system
n.
系统
【拓展单词·联想记】
□completion
n.
完成,
结束
→complete
v.
完成,
结束
□harmony
n.
融洽相处,
和谐→harmonious
adj.
和谐的→harmoniously
adv.
和谐地,
调和地
□harm
v.
伤害,
损害
→harmful
adj.
有害的,
能造成损害的→harmless
adj.
无害的
□agriculture
n.
农业
→agricultural
adj.
农业的;
农艺的
□consumer
n.
消费者→consume
v.
消耗;
消费;
耗尽→
consumption
n.
消费;
消耗
□priority
n.
优先处理的事,
当务之急→
prior
adj.
(时间、顺序等)先前的,
优先的
□beauty
n.
美,
美丽→
beautiful
adj.
美丽的;
出色的→beautifully
adv.
漂亮地;
美好地
□limited
adj.
有限的
→limit
n.
极限,
限度;
vt.
限制→
limitless
adj.
无限制的,
无界限的
□benefit
n.
好处,
益处→
beneficial
adj.
有益的;
有利的
□energy
n.
力量,
活力→
energetic
adj.
精力充沛的,
有活力的;
积极的
【重点短语·高效记】
□be
home
to
是……的所在地;
是……的家园
□pass
down
流传;
使世代相传
□prevent.
.
.
from.
.
.
阻止……;
制止……
□in
harmony
with
与……和谐相处;
与……协调一致
□reflect
on
仔细考虑;
回想,
回顾
□wash
away
冲走,
冲掉
□be
located
in
位于;
坐落于
□green
fingers
高超的种植技能
□as
well
as
和,
也,
又
□lead
to
引起,
导致
□check
out
核实;
结账离开
□be
good
for
有益于;
对……有好处
核心词汇探究
Period
1 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
NO.1
prevent
vi.
&vt
阻挡,
防止
【教材语境】The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
(P63)
水平的梯田能够储存雨水,
防止土壤流失。
【语块归纳】
prevent/stop/keep.
.
.
from
doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
protect.
.
.
from/against
sth.
保护……不受……侵袭
keep.
.
.
doing
sth.
使……一直做某事
【语境助记】
?We
were
prevented
from
watching
the
performance
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
由于大雨,
我们未能观看演出。
?
I’m
terribly
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting
so
long
a
time.
很抱歉让你等了那么久。
?
It
has
been
proved
that
eating
vegetables
helps
to
protect
you
against/from
serious
illnesses.
事实证明,
多吃蔬菜有助于预防严重疾病。
【链接高考】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Follow
all
rules
carefully
to
prevent
disqualification.
仔细遵守所有规则,
以防被取消资格。
NO.2
harmony
n.
融洽相处,
和谐
【教材语境】But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
(P63)但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
【语块归纳】
in
harmony
with.
.
.
与……协调一致;
与……和谐相处
in
harmony
和睦地,
和谐地
be
out
of
harmony
with.
.
.
与……不一致,
不协调
harmonious
adj.
和谐的
【语境助记】
?As
we
all
know,
the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
众所周知,
我们要生存下去的唯一方式就是要与大自然和谐相处。
?The
color
of
the
curtain
is
out
of
harmony
with
the
sitting
room.
窗帘的颜色与客厅的颜色不协调。
?Building
a
well-being
and
harmonious
society
is
what
we
have
been
struggling
for.
建设幸福和谐的社会是我们一直奋斗的目标。
【链接高考】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
The
harmony
of
old
and
new.
新旧之间的和谐。
NO.3
design
v.
设计 n.
意图;
设计
【教材语境】The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed,
with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.
(P63)
这些梯田设计巧妙,
其间有几百条水渠相互连通。
【语块归纳】
be
designed
for
sb.
/sth.
为(某种特定目的)……设计
be
designed
to
do
sth.
为(某种特定目的)……而设计
by
design
有意地,
蓄意地
designer
n.
设计者;
谋划者
【语境助记】
?The
method
is
specifically
designed
for
use
in
small
groups.
这方法是专为小组活动设计的。
?This
course
of
study
is
designed
to
help
those
wishing
to
teach
abroad.
这个学习课程是为帮助那些想在国外教学的人而设计的。
?Do
you
think
he
was
ignored
at
the
party
by
design
or
by
chance?
你认为他在晚会上被忽视是故意的还是无意的?
?The
pack
is
so
nice
and
its
designer
is
a
young
girl.
这个包很漂亮,
它的设计者是一个年轻女孩。
【链接高考】
(2020·浙江高考)That
is
by
design.
这是有意为之。
NO.4
harm
v.
/n.
伤害,
损害
【教材语境】These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish,
some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
(P63)
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地,
而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
【语块归纳】
do
sb.
/sth.
harm=do
harm
to
sb.
/sth.
对……有害
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
sth.
=It
does
no
harm
to
do
sth.
做某事并无害处。
harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to.
.
.
对……有害
?harmless
adj.
无害的
【语境助记】
?Her
film
was
a
complete
failure,
and
this
did
a
lot
of
harm
to
her
image.
她的电影彻底失败了,
这使她的形象受到了很大的损害。
?They
may
not
be
able
to
help
but
there
is
no
harm
in
asking
them.
他们可能帮不上忙,
但是问他们一下倒也无妨。
?Too
much
pressure
is
harmful
to
your
health.
压力太大对你的健康有害。
?How
to
tell
a
poisonous
snake
from
a
harmless
one
is
very
difficult.
如何区别毒蛇和无毒蛇是很困难的。
【链接高考】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
These
include
plants
that
have
sensors
printed
onto
their
leaves
to
show
when
they’re
short
of
water
and
a
plant
that
can
detect
harmful
chemicals
in
groundwater.
这些植物包括在叶子上印上传感器来显示缺水情况的植物,
还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。
Period
2 Using
language
replace
v.
以……替换;
更换
【教材语境】In
sentence
(a),
can
we
replace
“in
which”
with
“where”
without
changing
the
meaning?
(P65)
在(a)句中,
我们能在不改变意思的情况下用“where”代替“in
which”吗?
【语块归纳】
replace.
.
.
with/by.
.
.
用……替换……
in
place
of
代替
take
one’s
place
代替;
就座
take
the
place
of
代替
take
place
发生
【语境助记】
?We’ve
replaced
the
old
adding
machine
with
a
computer.
我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器。
?A
car
accident
took
place
not
far
outside
the
town,
so
we
were
held
up
on
the
way.
在镇外不远处发生了一起车祸,
所以我们在路上被耽搁了。
?I
was
so
anxious
that
Jane
took
my
place
at
the
meeting.
我是如此紧张以至于简代替我去参加了会议。
?
I
was
ill
and
Mr
Liu
took
the
place
of
me
to
give
lessons
to
the
junior
school
students.
我生病了,
刘老师代替我给初中生上课。
?You
can
use
milk
in
place
of
cream
in
the
recipe.
这道食谱可以用牛奶代替奶油。
【链接高考】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)We’re
thinking
about
how
we
can
engineer
plants
to
replace
functions
of
the
things
that
we
use
every
day.
我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们每天的日常用品功能。
Period
3 Developing
ideas
NO.1
limited
adj.
有限的
【教材语境】But
in
cities,
limited
space
has
led
to
people
looking
for
new
solutions.
(P70)
但在城市里,
有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。
【语块归纳】
be
limited
to
sth.
受限于某事/某物
limit
n.
限度;
限制;
界限
v.
限制;
限定
set
a
limit
to/on
限制……
there
is
a/no
limit
to
对……是有限的/无限的
limit.
.
.
to.
.
.
把……限制在……内
【语境助记】
?Life
is
limited,
but
there
is
no
limit
to
serving
the
people.
人的生命是有限的,
但是为人民服务是无限的。
?I
believe
teaching
should
not
be
limited
to
the
classroom.
我认为教学不应该局限在教室里。
?In
my
opinion,
you
had
better
set
a
limit
to/on
the
expense
of
your
exploration.
在我看来,
你最好限制一下探险的费用。
【链接高考】
(2019·江苏高考)
Misjudgments
on
the
influences
of
new
technology
can
lead
to
a
waste
of
limited
resources.
对新技术影响的错误判断会导致有限资源的浪费。
【图解助记】
NO.2
benefit
n.
好处,
益处
【教材语境】What
are
the
benefits
of
gardening?
(P70)园艺的好处有哪些呢?
【语块归纳】
be
of
benefit
to
sb.
对某人有益处
for
the
benefit
of.
.
.
为了……的利益
benefit
sb.
/sth.
对某人/物有益
benefit
from/by.
.
.
从……中受益,
得益于……
beneficial
adj.
有益的
be
beneficial
to.
.
.
对……有益
【语境助记】
?When
she
was
a
child,
her
parents
inspired
her
to
study
hard
for
the
benefit
of
the
motherland.
小时候,
她的父母就激励她要为祖国的利益努力学习。
?It
is
of
great
benefit
to
me
to
keep
contact
with
friends.
和朋友保持联系让我受益匪浅。
?Who
exactly
stands
to
benefit
from
these
changes?
到底是谁会从这些变革中获益?
?Cycling
is
beneficial
to
both
health
and
the
environment.
骑自行车对于身体健康和环境都大有裨益。
【链接高考】
①(2020·江苏高考)The
implication
of
these
results
is
that
to
gain
the
greatest
health
benefits
from
exercise,
it
may
be
wise
to
skip
eating
first.
这些结果表明,
要想从运动中获得最大的健康益处,
最好先不吃东西。
②(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Race
walking
shares
many
fitness
benefits
with
running,
research
shows,
while
most
likely
contributing
to
fewer
injuries.
研究表明,
竞走与跑步有许多健身益处,
同时最有可能减少受伤。
疑难句式破解
【高频句式】
句式1
过去分词短语作后置定语
【教材语境】Imagine
mountains
wrapped
in
silver
water,
shining
in
the
spring
sun.
(P62)
想象一下:
春日,
群山被银白色的水田包裹,
在阳光下闪闪发光。
【句式解构】
wrapped
in
silver
water是过去分词短语作后置定语。过去分词(短语)所表示的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,
表示该动作的被动和完成。
【温馨提示】单个的过去分词作定语,
常位于被修饰词之前,
表示“被动和完成”。单个的不及物动词的过去分词作定语,
只表完成,
不表被动。
【语境助记】
?The
girl
punished
by
the
professor
yesterday
evening
is
my
classmate.
昨天晚上被教授惩罚的女孩是我的同学。
?All
the
tools
needed
will
be
delivered
to
you
at
once.
所需的所有工具将立即送达给你们。
?(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Join
a
guided
bike
tour
and
view
some
of
the
most
popular
monuments
in
Washington,
D.
C.
加入一个有导游引领的自行车旅行,
参观华盛顿的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。
?The
Lifelong
Learning
Programme
designed
to
enable
people
to
take
part
in
learning
experiences
has
taken
off
across
Europe.
旨在让人们参与学习经验的终生学习计划已在欧洲各地兴起。
句式2
as.
.
.
as
“像……一样”结构
【教材语境】Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see,
these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains,
often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
(P62)
目之所及,
梯田包裹着巍峨的高山,
往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
【句式解构】
句中含有as.
.
.
as
“像……一样”结构。
第一个as为副词,
修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as可以是连词,
引导比较状语从句;
也可以是介词,
后加名词或代词。当as.
.
.
as中间有名词时,
应采用以下格式:
①as+adj.
+a/an+n.
(单数可数名词)+as
②as+adj.
+n.
(复数或不可数名词)+as
③as+many/much+n.
+as
?否定句式:
not
as/so.
.
.
as.
.
.
意为“不如……”。
④.
.
.
times
as+adj.
/adv.
+as.
.
.
“是……的几倍……”,
表达倍数的词必须置于比较结构之前(表达“两倍”时用twice)。
【语境助记】
?This
film
about
traditional
culture
is
as
interesting
as
that
one.
这部关于传统文化的电影和那部电影一样有趣。
?He
doesn’t
study
as/so
hard
as
his
brother.
他学习不如他弟弟努力。
?Thanks
to
the
news
media,
we
can
get
several
times
as
much
information
as
we
did
in
the
past.
多亏了新闻媒体,
我们能获得比过去多好几倍的信息。
?The
digital
camera
you
bought
last
week
is
twice
as
expensive
as
mine.
你上周买的数码相机比我的贵一倍。
句式3
“否定词+形容词/副词比较级”表示最高级
【教材语境】And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass,
some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
(P68)
虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动,
但也有的人只要能坐在树枝下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
【句式解构】
本句中nothing
better
是形容词比较级与否定词连用,
表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有:
no,
not,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
hardly等,
其意义为“再也没有比……更……的了”。
最高级意义的多种表达法:
否定词+so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as
【语境助记】
?In
my
opinion,
nothing
is
more
pleasant
than
traveling.
在我看来,
没有比旅行更令人愉快的了。
?Tom
is
more
intelligent
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
/
Tom
is
more
intelligent
than
any
of
the
other
students
in
his
class.
/
Tom
is
more
intelligent
than
anyone
else
in
his
class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
?Never
have
I
heard
a
better
voice
than
yours.
你的嗓音是我听过的最好的嗓音了。
?Nobody
in
our
school
is
taller
than
John.
约翰是我们学校个子最高的男孩子。
【长难句分析】
难句1
Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.
(P62-63)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】本句为复合句。Building
the
terraces是动名词作主语,
that引导宾语从句,
该从句中包含一个由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,
修饰the
areas。
【参考译文】建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。
难句2
Today,
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
attract
thousands
of
visitors
who
come
to
admire
this
great
wonder
created
by
people
and
nature
working
together.
(P63)
【句子解构】
【深度分析】本句为复合句。其中who引导定语从句,
修饰visitors;
created
by
people
and
nature
working
together是过去分词短语作wonder的后置定语。
【参考译文】如今,
成千上万的游客慕名来龙脊梯田,
欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句思维导图
语法精讲突破
二、基本构成及用法
1.
基本构成
在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,
关系代词指物用which,
指人用whom,
不可用that或who代替。
?He
is
a
respectable
singer
of
whom
we
are
proud.
他是一位值得尊敬的歌唱家,
我们为他感到骄傲。
?Thank
you
for
your
help,
without
which
we
couldn’t
have
finished
the
task
on
time.
谢谢你的帮助,
没有你的帮助,
我们就不可能按时完成任务。
2.
介词不能提前的情况
有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen
to,
look
at,
depend
on,
look
for,
pay
attention
to,
take
care
of,
look
after,
take
part
in,
call
on,
catch
up
with,
get
along
with,
hear
of,
look
forward
to等。
?This
is
the
baby
who/whom
you
will
look
after.
这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。
?As
far
as
I
know,
he
is
a
man
who
is
hard
to
get
along
with.
据我所知,
他是一个很难相处的人。
3.
“介词+关系代词”的用法拓展
(1)复合介词+关系代词
用于该结构的关系代词有which,
whom和whose。常用的复合介词有because
of,
in
front
of,
as
a
result
of,
at
the
back
of等。
?They
arrived
at
a
farmhouse,
in
front
of
which
sat
a
boy.
他们来到一座农舍,
农舍前面坐着一个男孩。
(2)表示部分或整体概念的“代词+of+关系代词”
表示部分与整体概念的代词有both,
all,
neither,
none,
either,
some,
any,
most,
few,
one,
half等。
?He
has
lots
of
hobbies,
one
of
which
is
swimming.
他有很多爱好,
其中之一是游泳。
?They
told
friends
and
family
about
the
decision,
all
of
whom
were
supportive.
他们告诉了朋友和家人这个决定,
所有人都表示支持。
(3)the+名词+of+关系代词
此结构用来代替“whose+名词”,
也可用“of
which
the+名词”。
?They
do
experiments
in
a
lab,
the
windows
of
which/of
which
the
windows/
whose
windows
face
south.
他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。
?I
will
talk
to
those
students
the
homework
of
whom/whose
homework/of
whom
the
homework
hasn’t
been
done.
我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。
4.
关系副词when,
where,
why可用“介词+which”来代替
?I
often
think
of
the
moment
when
(=at
which)
I
saw
the
UFO.
我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。
?The
police
searched
the
house
where
(=in
which)
the
thief
had
stayed.
警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。
?I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
(=for
which)
he
performed
badly.
我不知道他为什么表现差。
